Molybdenum oxide nanostructured thin films were grown on fluorine doped tin oxide（FTO）, indium doped tin oxide（ITO） and ordinary glass substrates by thermal evaporation process without vacuum and catalysts using m...Molybdenum oxide nanostructured thin films were grown on fluorine doped tin oxide（FTO）, indium doped tin oxide（ITO） and ordinary glass substrates by thermal evaporation process without vacuum and catalysts using molybdenum trioxide（MoO） powder as a source material and oxygen as a carrier gas.Various morphologies including nanobelts, disks and hexagonal rod-like nanostructures were obtained by changing the source and substrate temperatures during the growth of MoOthin films. Structural parameters, morphology, composition and surface features of the films were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDAX,XPS, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. The films were orthorhombic in structure with preferred orientation along（0 1 0） plane. Morphology analysis reveals randomly aligned nanobelts with 40 nm in thickness and a width of 800 nm and 3–12 mm in length. The disks have 1.5 μm diameters, 1 μm thickness and hexagonal rod-like nanostructures with a length, breath and width of 2 μm, 1 μm and 100 nm are formed. The samples were investigated under dark and photocurrent conditions in HSOaqueous solution as a function of applied potential. The photocurrent density of samples prepared on ITO and FTO substrate samples were compared and the results are discussed.展开更多
The main aim of this work is to design a suitable Fractional Order Proportionl Integral Derivative(FOPID)controller with Chaotic Whale Optimization Algorithm(CWOA)for a RO desalination system.Continuous research on Re...The main aim of this work is to design a suitable Fractional Order Proportionl Integral Derivative(FOPID)controller with Chaotic Whale Optimization Algorithm(CWOA)for a RO desalination system.Continuous research on Reverse Osmosis(RO)desalination plants is a promising technique for satisfaction with sustainable and efficient RO plants.This work implements CWOA based FOPID for the simulation of reverse osmosis(RO)desalination process for both servo and regulatory problems.Mathematical modeling is a vital constituent of designing advanced and developed engineering processes,which helps to gain a deep study of processes to predict the performance,more efficiently.Numerous approaches have been employed for mathematical models based on mass and heat transfer and concentration of permeable flow rate.Incorporation of FOPID controllers is broadly used to improve the dynamic response of the system,at the same time,to reduce undershoot or overshoot,steady state error and hence improve the response.The performances of the FOPID controller with optimization is compared in terms of measures such as Integral Time Absolute Error(ITAE)and Integral Square Error(ISE).Simulation results with FOPID on desalination process achieved rise time of 0.0311 s,settling time of 0.0489 s and 0.7358%overshoot,better than the existing techniques available in the literatures.展开更多
文摘Molybdenum oxide nanostructured thin films were grown on fluorine doped tin oxide（FTO）, indium doped tin oxide（ITO） and ordinary glass substrates by thermal evaporation process without vacuum and catalysts using molybdenum trioxide（MoO） powder as a source material and oxygen as a carrier gas.Various morphologies including nanobelts, disks and hexagonal rod-like nanostructures were obtained by changing the source and substrate temperatures during the growth of MoOthin films. Structural parameters, morphology, composition and surface features of the films were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDAX,XPS, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. The films were orthorhombic in structure with preferred orientation along（0 1 0） plane. Morphology analysis reveals randomly aligned nanobelts with 40 nm in thickness and a width of 800 nm and 3–12 mm in length. The disks have 1.5 μm diameters, 1 μm thickness and hexagonal rod-like nanostructures with a length, breath and width of 2 μm, 1 μm and 100 nm are formed. The samples were investigated under dark and photocurrent conditions in HSOaqueous solution as a function of applied potential. The photocurrent density of samples prepared on ITO and FTO substrate samples were compared and the results are discussed.
文摘The main aim of this work is to design a suitable Fractional Order Proportionl Integral Derivative(FOPID)controller with Chaotic Whale Optimization Algorithm(CWOA)for a RO desalination system.Continuous research on Reverse Osmosis(RO)desalination plants is a promising technique for satisfaction with sustainable and efficient RO plants.This work implements CWOA based FOPID for the simulation of reverse osmosis(RO)desalination process for both servo and regulatory problems.Mathematical modeling is a vital constituent of designing advanced and developed engineering processes,which helps to gain a deep study of processes to predict the performance,more efficiently.Numerous approaches have been employed for mathematical models based on mass and heat transfer and concentration of permeable flow rate.Incorporation of FOPID controllers is broadly used to improve the dynamic response of the system,at the same time,to reduce undershoot or overshoot,steady state error and hence improve the response.The performances of the FOPID controller with optimization is compared in terms of measures such as Integral Time Absolute Error(ITAE)and Integral Square Error(ISE).Simulation results with FOPID on desalination process achieved rise time of 0.0311 s,settling time of 0.0489 s and 0.7358%overshoot,better than the existing techniques available in the literatures.
