The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） in 2003. Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of ...The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） in 2003. Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of this reach, which may influence the stability of the fiver regime and the effect of existing river training works. Therefore, bank retreat plays a key role in fluvial processes of the Jingjiang Reach, and it is necessary to predict the long-term processes of bank retreat at typical sections in the reach. In this study, various factors influencing bank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach are investigated, based on bank erosion processes at four sections and the corresponding flow and sediment conditions. It is discovered that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the processes of bank retreat in the reach, although other factors, such as bank soil properties, can also influence bank retreat. The bankfull width at a section with severe bank erosion since 2002 is defined as being equal to the sum of the bankfull width in 2002 and the accumulated bank retreat distance after 2002. The magnitude of the bankfull width can be expressed as an exponential function of the previous 5-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons. The accumulated distances of bank retreat at four sections over the period 2002-2012 are predicted using the proposed empirical relationships, with the calculated bank retreat processes agreeing well with observed data.展开更多
Surface-functionalized nitrogen/carbon co-doped polymorphic TiO_(2) phase junction nanoparticles uniformly distributed in porous carbon matrix were synthesized by a simple one-step pyrolysis of titanium based metal-or...Surface-functionalized nitrogen/carbon co-doped polymorphic TiO_(2) phase junction nanoparticles uniformly distributed in porous carbon matrix were synthesized by a simple one-step pyrolysis of titanium based metal-organic framework(MOF),NH_(2)-MIL^(-1)25(Ti) at 700℃ under water vapour atmosphere.Introducing water vapour during the pyrolysis of NH_(2)-MIL^(-1)25(Ti) not only functionalizes the derived porous carbon matrix with carboxyl groups but also forms additional oxygen-rich N like interstitial/intraband states lying above the valence band of TiO2 along with the self-doped carbo n,which further narrows the energy band gaps of polymorphic TiO2 nanoparticles that enhance photocatalytic charge transfer efficiency.Without co-catalyst,sample N-C-TiO2/CArW demonstrates H_(2) evolution activity of 426 μmol gcat-1h^(-1),which remarkably outperforms commercial TiO_(2)(P-25) and N-C-TiO_(2)/CAr with a 5-fold and 3-fold H_(2) generation,respectively.This study clearly shows that water vapour atmosphere during the pyrolysis increases the hydrophilicity of the Ti-MOF derived composites by functionalizing porous carbon matrix with carboxylic groups,as well as enhancing the electrical conductivity and charge transfer efficiency due to the formation of additional localized oxygen-rich N like interstitial/intraband states.This work also demonstrates that by optimizing the anatase-rutile phase composition of the TiO2 polymorphs,tuning the energy band gaps by N/C co-doping and functionalizing the porous carbon matrix in the N-C-TiO2/C nanocomposites,the photocatalytic H_(2) generation activity can be further enhanced.展开更多
Intestinal flora affects the maturation of the host immune system,serves as a biomarker and efficacy predictor in the immunotherapy of several cancers,and has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer(...Intestinal flora affects the maturation of the host immune system,serves as a biomarker and efficacy predictor in the immunotherapy of several cancers,and has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have shown satisfactory results in MSI-H/d MMR CRC but performed poorly in patients with MSS/p MMR CRC.In recent years an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal flora has an important impact on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC patients.Preclinical and clinical evidence have suggested that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy can be improved by altering the composition of the intestinal flora in CRC.Herein,we summarize the studies related to the influence of intestinal flora on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC and discuss the potential underlying mechanism(s).We have focused on the impact of the intestinal flora on the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in CRC and how to better utilize the intestinal flora as an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.In addition,we have provided a basis for the potential of the intestinal flora as a new treatment modality and indicator for determining patient prognosis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane on energy balance in isolated hepatocytes during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation, and to compare isoflurane with halothane. METHODS: Hepatocytes freshly isolated f...AIM: To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane on energy balance in isolated hepatocytes during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation, and to compare isoflurane with halothane. METHODS: Hepatocytes freshly isolated from fed rats were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, and incubated in sealed flasks under O2/CO2 or N2/CO2 (95%/5%, V/V) for 30 or 60 min, followed by 5 or 10 min of reoxygenation, with an added volatile anesthetic or not. ATP, ADP, and adenosine monophosphate in hepatocytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and energy charge was calculated. RESULTS: During 30 min of anoxia, the energy charge and total adenine nudeotide steadily increased with the isoflurane dose from 0 to 2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC), then decreased from 2 to 3 MAC. In short incubations (30-35 min) at 1 MAC isoflurane, energy charge modestly decreased during anoxia, which was partially prevented by isoflurane and completely reversed by reoxygenation, and total adenine nudeotide did not decrease. In long incubations (60-70 min), both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide greatly decreased during anoxia, with partial and no reversal by reoxygenation, respectively. Isoflurane partly prevented decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during anoxia and reoxygenation. In addition, 1 MAC isoflurane obviously increased ATP/ADP, which could not be changed by 1 MAC halothane. CONCLUSION: Isoflurane partially protects isolated hepatocytes against decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during short (reversible) or long (irreversible) anoxia.展开更多
Dear Editor,Cytokine-induced killer(CIK)cells have been recognized as a new type of anti-tumor effector cells.CIK cells are a mixture of T lymphocytes.Among them,CD3+/CD56+T cells,which are rare in uncultured peripher...Dear Editor,Cytokine-induced killer(CIK)cells have been recognized as a new type of anti-tumor effector cells.CIK cells are a mixture of T lymphocytes.Among them,CD3+/CD56+T cells,which are rare in uncultured peripheral blood,are the main effector cells.CIK cells can proliferate rapidly in vitro,with stronger antitumor activity,broader target tumor spectrum,and lower adverse effect than other reported antitumor effector cells.1 Their ease of production in vitro and antitumor potential have made them suitable candidates for cell therapy regimens in solid and hematopoietic tumor treatments.1,2 Our previous retrospective study showed that the median progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)in untreated,advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients who received CIK cell immunotherapy plus chemotherapy(13 and 24 months,respectively)were significantly longer than in those who received chemotherapy alone(6 and 10 months,respectively).2 But so far,there is no prospective,multicenter clinical study in lung cancer.Based on our previous study,we designed this randomized,multicenter,open-label trial to further evaluate the clinical efficacy of CIK cell immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous NSCLC(ClinicalTrials.gov number,NCT01631357).展开更多
γδT cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance and serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.However,the metabolic requirements and regulation ofγδT-cell development and function remain poorly u...γδT cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance and serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.However,the metabolic requirements and regulation ofγδT-cell development and function remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the role of liver kinase B1(Lkb1),a serine/threonine kinase that links cellular metabolism with cell growth and proliferation,inγδT-cell biology.Our findings demonstrate that Lkb1 is not only involved in regulatingγδT lineage commitment but also plays a critical role inγδT-cell effector function.Specifically,T-cell-specific deletion of Lkb1 resulted in impaired thymocyte development and distinct alterations inγδT-cell subsets in both the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues.Notably,loss of Lkb1 inhibited the commitment of Vγ1 and Vγ4γδT cells,promoted the maturation of IL-17-producing Vγ6γδT cells,and led to the occurrence of fatal autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).Notably,clearance ofγδT cells or blockade of IL-17 significantly attenuated AIH.Mechanistically,Lkb1 deficiency disrupted metabolic homeostasis and AMPK activity,accompanied by increased mTORC1 activation,thereby causing overactivation ofγδT cells and enhanced apoptosis.Interestingly,activation of AMPK or suppression of mTORC1 signaling effectively inhibited IL-17 levels and attenuated AIH in Lkb1-deficient mice.Our findings highlight the pivotal role of Lkb1 in maintaining the homeostasis ofγδT cells and preventing IL-17-mediated autoimmune diseases,providing new insights into the metabolic programs governing the subset determination and functional differentiation of thymicγδT cells.展开更多
This paper aims to improve the corrosion resistance of dispersive purging plugs.White fused corundum particles and fine powder,α-Al_(2)O_(3) micropowder,Cr_(2)O_(3) micropowder,Guangxi clay and zircon powder were use...This paper aims to improve the corrosion resistance of dispersive purging plugs.White fused corundum particles and fine powder,α-Al_(2)O_(3) micropowder,Cr_(2)O_(3) micropowder,Guangxi clay and zircon powder were used as the main raw materials.The mass ratio of white fused corundum particles and fine powder was fixed at 85:15,and 0,1%,2%,or 3%(by mass)of zircon fine powder was added to replace the same amount of white fused corundum fine powder.The corundum porous material was prepared by the particle stacking pore-forming method at 1650℃for 3 h.The effect of the zircon addition on the properties and microstructure of porous materials was investigated.The results show that:after adding zircon,the permeability of the porous material increases,the cold and hot strengths increase obviously,and the expansion rate after firing decreases.When the addition of zircon is 2%,the comprehensive performance of the specimen is optimal with the smallest linear change rate and the highest permeability.展开更多
Background:In the era of immunotherapy,neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy(NAIC)for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is used clinically but lacks of high-level clinical evidence.Thi...Background:In the era of immunotherapy,neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy(NAIC)for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is used clinically but lacks of high-level clinical evidence.This study aimed to compare the safety and long-term efficacy of NAIC followed byminimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE)with those of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)followed by MIE.Methods:A prospective,single-center,open-label,randomized phase Ⅲ clinical trial was conducted at Henan Cancer Hospital,Zhengzhou,China.Patients were randomly assigned to receive either neoadjuvant toripalimab(240mg)plus paclitaxel(175 mg/m^(2))+cisplatin(75 mg/m^(2))(toripalimab group)or paclitaxel+cisplatin alone(chemotherapy group)every 3 weeks for 2 cycles.After surgery,the toripalimab group received toripalimab(240 mg every 3 weeks for up to 6 months).The primary endpoint was event-free survival(EFS).The pathological complete response(pCR)and overall survival(OS)were key secondary endpoints.Adverse events(AEs)and quality of life were also assessed.Results:Between May 15,2020 and August 13,2021,252 ESCC patients ranging fromT1N1-3M0 to T2-3N0-3M0were enrolled for interim analysis,with 127 in the toripalimab group and 125 in the chemotherapy group.The 1-year EFS rate was 77.9%in the toripalimab group compared to 64.3%in the chemotherapy group(hazard ratio[HR]=0.62;95%confidence interval[CI]=0.39 to 1.00;P=0.05).The 1-year OS rates were 94.1%and 83.0%in the toripalimab and chemotherapy groups,respectively(HR=0.48;95%CI=0.24 to 0.97;P=0.037).The patients in the toripalimab group had a higher pCR rate(18.6%vs.4.6%;P=0.001).The rates of postoperative Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲb or higher morbidity were 9.8%in the toripalimab group and 6.8%in the chemotherapy group,with no significant difference observed(P=0.460).The rates of grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs did not differ between the two groups(12.5%versus 12.4%).Conclusions:The interim results of this ongoing trial showed that in resectable ESCC,the addition of perioperative tor展开更多
Urban vegetation in China has changed substantially in recent decades due to rapid urbanization and dramatic climate change.Nevertheless,the spatial differentiation of greenness among major cities of China and its evo...Urban vegetation in China has changed substantially in recent decades due to rapid urbanization and dramatic climate change.Nevertheless,the spatial differentiation of greenness among major cities of China and its evolution process and drivers are still poorly understood.This study examined the spatial patterns of vegetation greenness across 289 cities in China in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2018 by using spatial autocorrelation analysis on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI);then,the influencing factors were analyzed by using the optimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD)model and 18 natural and anthropogenic indicators.The findings demonstrated a noticeable rise in the overall greenness of the selected cities during 2000-2018.The cities in northwest China and east China exhibited the rapidest and slowest greening,respectively,among the six sub-regions.A significant positive spatial correlation was detected between the greenness of the 289 cities in different periods,but the correlation strength weakened over time.The hot and very hot spots in southern and eastern China gradually shifted to the southwest.While the spatial pattern of urban greenness in China is primarily influenced by wind speed(WS)and precipitation(PRE),the interaction between PRE and gross domestic product(GDP)has the highest explanatory power.The explanatory power of most natural factors decreased and,conversely,the influence of anthropogenic factors generally increased.These findings emphasize the variations in the influence strength of multiple factors on urban greenness pattern,which should be taken into account to understand and adapt to the changing urban ecosystem.展开更多
Objective:The open-label,phase II RATIONALE-209 study evaluated tislelizumab(anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody)as a tissue-agnostic monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)/mismatch repair-de...Objective:The open-label,phase II RATIONALE-209 study evaluated tislelizumab(anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody)as a tissue-agnostic monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)/mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR)tumors.Methods:Adults with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR solid tumors were enrolled.Patients received tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks.Objective response rate(ORR;primary endpoint),duration of response(DoR),and progression-free survival(PFS)were assessed by independent review committee(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1).Results:Eighty patients were enrolled and treated;75(93.8%)patients had measurable disease at baseline.Most had metastatic disease and received at least one prior therapy for advanced/metastatic disease(n=79;98.8%).At primary analysis(data cutoff July 8,2021;median follow-up 15.2 months),overall ORR[46.7%;95%confidence interval(95%CI),35.1−58.6;one-sided P<0.0001]and ORR across tumor-specific subgroups[colorectal(n=46):39.1%(95%CI,25.1–54.6);gastric/gastroesophageal junction(n=9):55.6%(95%CI,21.2−86.3);others(n=20):60.0%(95%CI,36.1−80.9)]were significantly greater with tislelizumab vs.a prespecified historical control ORR of 10%;five(6.7%)patients had complete responses.Median DoR,PFS,and overall survival were not reached with long-term follow-up(data cutoff December 5,2022;median follow-up 28.9 months).Tislelizumab was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals.Treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)of grade≥3 occurred in 53.8%of patients;7.5%of patients discontinued treatment due to TRAEs.Conclusions:Tislelizumab demonstrated a significant ORR improvement in patients with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR tumors and was generally well tolerated.展开更多
Multi-functionalized and co-doped TiO_(2)/C nanocomposites were derived from the pyrolysis of Ti-MOFs at 800℃under different gaseous atmospheres and their photocatalytic performance were investigated.The gaseous atmo...Multi-functionalized and co-doped TiO_(2)/C nanocomposites were derived from the pyrolysis of Ti-MOFs at 800℃under different gaseous atmospheres and their photocatalytic performance were investigated.The gaseous atmosphere during pyrolysis plays a critical role in determining the structural,textural,optical and physicochemical properties of the derived TiO_(2)/C composites due to the synergistic effect of nitrogen-containing species,carboxylate and sulfur functionalized porous carbon as well as N/S co-doped TiO_(2)nanoparticles.All the Ti-MOFs derived TiO_(2)/C composites exclusively possess homogeneously distributed TiO_(2)nanoparticles in a functionalized disc-like porous carbon matrix and demonstrate much enhanced adsorption and photodegradation performance than commercial TiO_(2)under the same conditions.The adsorption of methylene blue(MB)in dark on these TiO_(2)/C composites are dominated with pseudo second-order kinetic model and the high adsorption capacity of MB in dark on composite TiO_(2)/C derived from MIL-125(Ti)in argon is due to its high surface area with predominant mesoporous carbon matrix in the composite.The composite N-O-TiO_(2)/C derived from NH2-MIL-125(Ti)in water vapor exhibited the highest photodegradation activity with 99.7%MB removal in 3 h under visible light due to the optimal anatase/rutile phasejunction,together with the formation of photoactive oxygen-rich N-O like interstitial/intraband states above the valence band of TiO_(2),as well as the presence of N-containing species and-OH/-COOH multi-functional groups with superhydrophilic nature of the composite.This simple one-step and easily modifiable approach can be further employed to modulate homogeneously dispersed multi-functionalized and co-doped metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites for various environment and energy-related applications.展开更多
To tackle the energy crisis and achieve more sustainable development,hydrogen as a clean and renewable energy resource has attracted great interest.Searching for cheap but efficient catalysts for hydrogen production f...To tackle the energy crisis and achieve more sustainable development,hydrogen as a clean and renewable energy resource has attracted great interest.Searching for cheap but efficient catalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting is urgently needed.In this report,bimetallic Fe-Mo sulfide/carbon nanocomposites that derived from a polyoxometalate phosphomolybdic acid encapsulated metal-organic framework MIL-100(PMA@MIL-100)have been generated and their applications in electrocatalytic hydrogen generation were explored.The PMA@MIL-100 precursor is formed via a simple one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method and the bimetallic Fe-Mo sulfide/carbon nanocomposites were obtained by chemical vapor sulfurization of PMA@MIL-100 at high temperatures.The nanocomposite samples were fully characterized by a series of techniques including X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,N2 gas sorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and were further investigated as electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting.The hydrogen production activity of the best performed bimetallic Fe-Mo sulfide/carbon nanocomposite exhibits an overpotential of-0.321 V at 10 m A cm^(-2)and a Tafel slope of 62 m V dec^(-1)with a 53%reduction in overpotential compared to Mo-free counterpart composite.This dramatic improvement in catalytic performance of the Fe-Mo sulfide/carbon composite is attributed to the homogeneous distribution of the nanosized iron sulfide,MoS_(2)particles,and the formation of Fe-Mo-S phases in the S-doped porous carbon matrix.This work has demonstrated a potential approach to fabricate complex heterogeneous catalytic materials for different applications.展开更多
The distinct characteristics ofγδT cells determine their vital roles in the formation of local immune responses and contribute to tissue homeostasis.However,the heterogeneity ofγδT cells across tissues remains unc...The distinct characteristics ofγδT cells determine their vital roles in the formation of local immune responses and contribute to tissue homeostasis.However,the heterogeneity ofγδT cells across tissues remains unclear.By combining transcriptional and chromatin analyses with a truly unbiased fashion,we constructed a single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility landscape of mouseγδT cells in the lymph,spleen,and thymus.We also revealed the heterogeneity ofγδT1 andγδT17 cells across these tissues and inferred their potential regulatory mechanisms.In the thymus,we reconstructed the developmental trajectory and gained further insights into the signature genes from the mature stage,intermediate stage,and immature stage ofγδT cells on the basis of single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing data.Notably,a novel Gzma^(+)γδT cell subset was identified with immature properties and only localized to the thymus.Finally,NR1 D1,a circadian transcription factor(TF),was validated as a key and negative regulator ofγδT17 cell differentiation by performing a combined analysis of TF motif enrichment,regulon enrichment,and Nr1 d1 knockout mice.In summary,our data represent a comprehensive mapping on the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility dynamics of mouseγδT cells,providing a valuable resource and reference for future studies onγδT cells.展开更多
Coastal tidal creeks are important channels for exchanges of material and energy between sea and land,and play an important role in the ecological protection of tidal flats.Although tidal creeks have evolved different...Coastal tidal creeks are important channels for exchanges of material and energy between sea and land,and play an important role in the ecological protection of tidal flats.Although tidal creeks have evolved differently in various regions,the evolutionary process of tidal creeks in the Huanghe(Yellow)River delta of China,one of the most active deltas worldwide,is not entirely clear.Therefore,the evolution of tidal creeks in the delta from 1981 to 2021 was investigated by quantitatively analysing the tidal creeks and developing a standard for dividing their evolution periods.Visual interpretation and supervised classification methods were applied to the Landsat images to extract the tidal creek network,and 17 groups of tidal creek systems were selected.Results indicate that Creek S 1 was the most developed creek for having 113 tidal creeks totaling 65.8 km in length,while Creek E 3 had the fastest growth rate for having average annual increase of 1.9 km.Meanwhile,the level of tidal creeks increased,the average and median lengths of tidal creeks increased,and the number of tidal creeks decreased since 1981.The evolution of the tidal creek system could be divided into four stages,namely,rising,developing,stabilizing,and degrading.Analyses of a representative tidal creek show that there was no degenerated tidal creek during the rising period,with an increase in the number of 50 and a length increase of 57.9 km between 1981 and 1989.The proportion of new tidal creeks in the developing period was more than 50%and the new tidal creeks in the stabilizing period were equal to the degraded tidal creeks.Extinct tidal creeks were greater than 50%during the degrading period.There was no fixed order of tidal creek evolution in each period,and there may be a skip in evolution.Our findings provided a reference for studying the evolution of tidal creeks.展开更多
The structure of sulfur host materials plays a key role in alleviating the shuttle effect,volume expansion and sluggish redox reaction of lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs).In this work,the well-designed multichannel car...The structure of sulfur host materials plays a key role in alleviating the shuttle effect,volume expansion and sluggish redox reaction of lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs).In this work,the well-designed multichannel carbon fibers decorated by carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and CoS nanoparticles(MCF/CoS/CNT)are synthesized and serve as the flexible sulfur host.The in situ grown CNTs network and embedded CoS enhance the overall conductivity of electrode and facilitate the redox reaction of sulfur-related electrochemistry.Benefitting from these merits,the MCF/CoS/CNT-based cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 927 mAh g^(−1) after 180 cycles with a low decay of 0.034%per cycle at 1.0 C.A superb areal capacity of 5.2 mAh cm^(−2) could be obtained under a high sulfur loading of 6.3 mg cm^(−2) and an ultralow electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 6.5μL mg^(−1) after 100 cycles.This work offers a promising approach to the reasonable design of flexible sulfur host for LSBs toward high energy density.展开更多
A novel free-cutting unleaded brass containing antimony and magnesium was prepared by gravity casting and hot extrusion. Microstructure of the hot extruded Sb-Mg brass was studied with scanning electron microscope (SE...A novel free-cutting unleaded brass containing antimony and magnesium was prepared by gravity casting and hot extrusion. Microstructure of the hot extruded Sb-Mg brass was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Its mechanical properties were measured by tensile test, and cutting performance was investigated by lathe turning experiment. Results showed that microstructure of the hot extruded Sb-Mg brass was composed of α, β phases and Sb-Mg containing intermetallic compounds. The newly developed brass was compared with the HPb59-1 brass for its mechanical property. Its cutting performance was close to that of a German free-cutting unleaded brass. Sb-Mg brass has potential to replace HPb59-1 brass so as to reduce cost and protect environment.展开更多
Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(NtrRR)has been emerging as an appealing route for both water treatment and NH_(3)synthesis.Herein,we report the structure analysis and electrocatalytic performance of a novel...Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(NtrRR)has been emerging as an appealing route for both water treatment and NH_(3)synthesis.Herein,we report the structure analysis and electrocatalytic performance of a novel homoleptic alkynyl-protected Ag_(20)Cu_(12)nanocluster(Ag_(20)Cu_(12)in short)with atomic precision,which has eight free electrons and displays characteristic absorbance feature.Single crystal X-ray diffraction(SC-XRD)discloses that,it adopts a Ag_(14)kernel capped by three Ag_(2)Cu_(4)(C≡CArF)_(8)metal–ligand binding motifs in the outer shell.Ag_(20)Cu_(12)exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward NtrRR,as manifested by the superior NH_(3)Faradaic efficiency(FE,84.6%)and yield rate(0.138 mmol·h^(−1)·mg−1)than the homoleptic alkynyl-protected Ag_(32)nanoclusters.Additionally,it demonstrates good catalytic recycling capability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that,the de-ligated Ag_(20)Cu_(12)cluster can expose the available AgCu bimetallic sites as the efficient active sites for NH_(3)formation.In particular,the participation of Cu sites greatly facilitates the initial capture of NO_(3)−and simultaneously promotes the selectivity of the final product.This study discovers a novel homoleptic alkynyl-protected AgCu superatom,and offers a great example to elucidate the structure–performance relationship of bimetallic catalyst for NtrRR and other multiple protons/electrons coupled electrocatalytic reactions.展开更多
The influences of roasting activation on the particle morphology, microscopic structure, and adsorption properties of natural clinoptilolites were investigated. The experimental results show that the optimal modified ...The influences of roasting activation on the particle morphology, microscopic structure, and adsorption properties of natural clinoptilolites were investigated. The experimental results show that the optimal modified conditions include a calcination temperature at 400 ℃, a roasting time of 0.5 h, and furnace cooling. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate from analog renewable water of the modified clinoptilolites reached 72% in the optimized conditions, which is 12% higher than that of natural ones. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the surface morphology changed, the micro-hole size increased, and the surface became smoother and more uniform after calcination. The single-point total adsorption average pore width increased from 7.74 nm to 10.64 nm.展开更多
CeO_(2),La_(2)O_(3),and CeO_(2)-Y_(2)O_(3) oxides were coated on the surface of spherical granular AI_(2)O_(3)(3-5 mm)through impregnation method,and proved as better supports of Pd and Pt catalysts.The influences of ...CeO_(2),La_(2)O_(3),and CeO_(2)-Y_(2)O_(3) oxides were coated on the surface of spherical granular AI_(2)O_(3)(3-5 mm)through impregnation method,and proved as better supports of Pd and Pt catalysts.The influences of rare earth metal doping on the adsorption rates of Pd and Pt ions,as well as the catalytic performance,were investigated.Results show that the H_(2)PtCl_(6)·6H_(2)O adsorption rates of the Al_(2)O_(3) carriers modified by Ce,La,and CeY increase significantly.These rare earth coatings can adsorb almost all H2PtCl_(6)·6H_(2)O in the solution.Compared with Pt/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst,Pt/Ce-AI_(2)O_(3) and Pt/CeY-AI_(2)O_(3) catalysts have better degradation performance for toluene,and the T_(90) temperatures are both about 147℃.According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization,Pt^(0)is an important active species for catalytic oxidation reaction of toluene.After CeO_(2)modification to the conventional Pt/Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst,the proportion of Pt^(0)increases from 74.5%to 82.1%.When the Pt^(0)content in the metal state is improved,the redox activity of the catalyst is promoted correspondingly.展开更多
Background:Considering the increase in the proportion of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cases among all lung cancers and its considerable contribution to cancer-related deaths worldwide,we sought to identify novel oncogenes...Background:Considering the increase in the proportion of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cases among all lung cancers and its considerable contribution to cancer-related deaths worldwide,we sought to identify novel oncogenes to provide potential targets and facilitate a better understanding of the malignant progression of LUAD.Methods:The results from the screening of transcriptome and survival analyses according to the integrated Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)data were combined,and a promising risk biomarker called meiotic nuclear divisions 1(MND1)was selectively acquired.Cell viability assays and subcutaneous xenograftmodelswere used to validate the oncogenic role ofMND1 in LUADcell proliferation and tumor growth.Aseries of assays,including mass spectrometry,co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP),and chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP),were performed to explore the underlying mechanism.Results:MND1 up-regulation was identified to be an independent risk factor for overall survival in LUAD patients evaluated by both tissue microarray staining and third party data analysis.In vivo and in vitro assays showed that MND1 promoted LUAD cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle.The results of the Co-IP,ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays validated that MND1 competitively bound to tumor suppressor Kruppel-like factor 6(KLF6),and thereby protecting E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1)from KLF6-induced transcriptional repression.Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays found that E2F1 activated MND1 transcription by binding to its promoter in a feedback manner.Conclusions:MND1,KLF6,and E2F1 form a positive feedback loop to regulate cell cycle and confer DDP resistance in LUAD.MND1 is crucial for malignant progression and may be a potential therapeutic target in LUAD patients.展开更多
基金supported by the CRSRI Open Research Program(Grant No.CKWV2014204/KY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51079103 and 51339001)the National Basic Research Program of China("973" Project)(Grant No.2012CB417001)
文摘The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） in 2003. Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of this reach, which may influence the stability of the fiver regime and the effect of existing river training works. Therefore, bank retreat plays a key role in fluvial processes of the Jingjiang Reach, and it is necessary to predict the long-term processes of bank retreat at typical sections in the reach. In this study, various factors influencing bank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach are investigated, based on bank erosion processes at four sections and the corresponding flow and sediment conditions. It is discovered that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the processes of bank retreat in the reach, although other factors, such as bank soil properties, can also influence bank retreat. The bankfull width at a section with severe bank erosion since 2002 is defined as being equal to the sum of the bankfull width in 2002 and the accumulated bank retreat distance after 2002. The magnitude of the bankfull width can be expressed as an exponential function of the previous 5-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons. The accumulated distances of bank retreat at four sections over the period 2002-2012 are predicted using the proposed empirical relationships, with the calculated bank retreat processes agreeing well with observed data.
基金EPSRC CDT in Metamaterials at University of Exeter and Leverhulme Trust(RPG-2018-320) for financial support。
文摘Surface-functionalized nitrogen/carbon co-doped polymorphic TiO_(2) phase junction nanoparticles uniformly distributed in porous carbon matrix were synthesized by a simple one-step pyrolysis of titanium based metal-organic framework(MOF),NH_(2)-MIL^(-1)25(Ti) at 700℃ under water vapour atmosphere.Introducing water vapour during the pyrolysis of NH_(2)-MIL^(-1)25(Ti) not only functionalizes the derived porous carbon matrix with carboxyl groups but also forms additional oxygen-rich N like interstitial/intraband states lying above the valence band of TiO2 along with the self-doped carbo n,which further narrows the energy band gaps of polymorphic TiO2 nanoparticles that enhance photocatalytic charge transfer efficiency.Without co-catalyst,sample N-C-TiO2/CArW demonstrates H_(2) evolution activity of 426 μmol gcat-1h^(-1),which remarkably outperforms commercial TiO_(2)(P-25) and N-C-TiO_(2)/CAr with a 5-fold and 3-fold H_(2) generation,respectively.This study clearly shows that water vapour atmosphere during the pyrolysis increases the hydrophilicity of the Ti-MOF derived composites by functionalizing porous carbon matrix with carboxylic groups,as well as enhancing the electrical conductivity and charge transfer efficiency due to the formation of additional localized oxygen-rich N like interstitial/intraband states.This work also demonstrates that by optimizing the anatase-rutile phase composition of the TiO2 polymorphs,tuning the energy band gaps by N/C co-doping and functionalizing the porous carbon matrix in the N-C-TiO2/C nanocomposites,the photocatalytic H_(2) generation activity can be further enhanced.
基金supported by grants from National Cancer Center Climbing Fund(Grant No.NCC201916B03)Provincial-ministerial Co-construction Project of Henan Province Science and Technology Key Point Tackling Plan(Grant No.SBGJ202102064)Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Project(Grant Nos.222102310363 and 222102310677)。
文摘Intestinal flora affects the maturation of the host immune system,serves as a biomarker and efficacy predictor in the immunotherapy of several cancers,and has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have shown satisfactory results in MSI-H/d MMR CRC but performed poorly in patients with MSS/p MMR CRC.In recent years an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal flora has an important impact on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC patients.Preclinical and clinical evidence have suggested that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy can be improved by altering the composition of the intestinal flora in CRC.Herein,we summarize the studies related to the influence of intestinal flora on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC and discuss the potential underlying mechanism(s).We have focused on the impact of the intestinal flora on the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in CRC and how to better utilize the intestinal flora as an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.In addition,we have provided a basis for the potential of the intestinal flora as a new treatment modality and indicator for determining patient prognosis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39900140
文摘AIM: To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane on energy balance in isolated hepatocytes during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation, and to compare isoflurane with halothane. METHODS: Hepatocytes freshly isolated from fed rats were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, and incubated in sealed flasks under O2/CO2 or N2/CO2 (95%/5%, V/V) for 30 or 60 min, followed by 5 or 10 min of reoxygenation, with an added volatile anesthetic or not. ATP, ADP, and adenosine monophosphate in hepatocytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and energy charge was calculated. RESULTS: During 30 min of anoxia, the energy charge and total adenine nudeotide steadily increased with the isoflurane dose from 0 to 2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC), then decreased from 2 to 3 MAC. In short incubations (30-35 min) at 1 MAC isoflurane, energy charge modestly decreased during anoxia, which was partially prevented by isoflurane and completely reversed by reoxygenation, and total adenine nudeotide did not decrease. In long incubations (60-70 min), both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide greatly decreased during anoxia, with partial and no reversal by reoxygenation, respectively. Isoflurane partly prevented decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during anoxia and reoxygenation. In addition, 1 MAC isoflurane obviously increased ATP/ADP, which could not be changed by 1 MAC halothane. CONCLUSION: Isoflurane partially protects isolated hepatocytes against decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during short (reversible) or long (irreversible) anoxia.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China grant Awards No.2015BAI12B12(to X.R.)and 2018YFC1313400(to J.X.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants Awards No.81572913 and 81872487(to L.L.).
文摘Dear Editor,Cytokine-induced killer(CIK)cells have been recognized as a new type of anti-tumor effector cells.CIK cells are a mixture of T lymphocytes.Among them,CD3+/CD56+T cells,which are rare in uncultured peripheral blood,are the main effector cells.CIK cells can proliferate rapidly in vitro,with stronger antitumor activity,broader target tumor spectrum,and lower adverse effect than other reported antitumor effector cells.1 Their ease of production in vitro and antitumor potential have made them suitable candidates for cell therapy regimens in solid and hematopoietic tumor treatments.1,2 Our previous retrospective study showed that the median progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)in untreated,advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients who received CIK cell immunotherapy plus chemotherapy(13 and 24 months,respectively)were significantly longer than in those who received chemotherapy alone(6 and 10 months,respectively).2 But so far,there is no prospective,multicenter clinical study in lung cancer.Based on our previous study,we designed this randomized,multicenter,open-label trial to further evaluate the clinical efficacy of CIK cell immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous NSCLC(ClinicalTrials.gov number,NCT01631357).
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(to M.Y.,82271754 and 82071737,to Z.Y.,32030036,to Q.Y.,32000615,and to P.F.,82301974)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(to P.F.,2023M741377)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund(to Q.Y.,2023A1515012582,to P.F.,2022A1515110217,and to G.C.,2023B1515020018)111 Project(to Z.Y.,B16021).
文摘γδT cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance and serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.However,the metabolic requirements and regulation ofγδT-cell development and function remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the role of liver kinase B1(Lkb1),a serine/threonine kinase that links cellular metabolism with cell growth and proliferation,inγδT-cell biology.Our findings demonstrate that Lkb1 is not only involved in regulatingγδT lineage commitment but also plays a critical role inγδT-cell effector function.Specifically,T-cell-specific deletion of Lkb1 resulted in impaired thymocyte development and distinct alterations inγδT-cell subsets in both the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues.Notably,loss of Lkb1 inhibited the commitment of Vγ1 and Vγ4γδT cells,promoted the maturation of IL-17-producing Vγ6γδT cells,and led to the occurrence of fatal autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).Notably,clearance ofγδT cells or blockade of IL-17 significantly attenuated AIH.Mechanistically,Lkb1 deficiency disrupted metabolic homeostasis and AMPK activity,accompanied by increased mTORC1 activation,thereby causing overactivation ofγδT cells and enhanced apoptosis.Interestingly,activation of AMPK or suppression of mTORC1 signaling effectively inhibited IL-17 levels and attenuated AIH in Lkb1-deficient mice.Our findings highlight the pivotal role of Lkb1 in maintaining the homeostasis ofγδT cells and preventing IL-17-mediated autoimmune diseases,providing new insights into the metabolic programs governing the subset determination and functional differentiation of thymicγδT cells.
基金This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172029)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(No.202300410473).
文摘This paper aims to improve the corrosion resistance of dispersive purging plugs.White fused corundum particles and fine powder,α-Al_(2)O_(3) micropowder,Cr_(2)O_(3) micropowder,Guangxi clay and zircon powder were used as the main raw materials.The mass ratio of white fused corundum particles and fine powder was fixed at 85:15,and 0,1%,2%,or 3%(by mass)of zircon fine powder was added to replace the same amount of white fused corundum fine powder.The corundum porous material was prepared by the particle stacking pore-forming method at 1650℃for 3 h.The effect of the zircon addition on the properties and microstructure of porous materials was investigated.The results show that:after adding zircon,the permeability of the porous material increases,the cold and hot strengths increase obviously,and the expansion rate after firing decreases.When the addition of zircon is 2%,the comprehensive performance of the specimen is optimal with the smallest linear change rate and the highest permeability.
基金Central Plains Young Top Talent,Grant/Award Number:2022Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Key Projects Coconstructed by the Ministry of Health,Grant/Award Number:SBGJ202102059+2 种基金Wu Jieping Medical Foundation,Grant/Award Number:320.6750.2020-15-1Henan Province Health Science and Technology Innovation Outstanding Young Talent Training Project,Grant/Award Number:YXKC2021029National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82002521。
文摘Background:In the era of immunotherapy,neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy(NAIC)for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is used clinically but lacks of high-level clinical evidence.This study aimed to compare the safety and long-term efficacy of NAIC followed byminimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE)with those of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)followed by MIE.Methods:A prospective,single-center,open-label,randomized phase Ⅲ clinical trial was conducted at Henan Cancer Hospital,Zhengzhou,China.Patients were randomly assigned to receive either neoadjuvant toripalimab(240mg)plus paclitaxel(175 mg/m^(2))+cisplatin(75 mg/m^(2))(toripalimab group)or paclitaxel+cisplatin alone(chemotherapy group)every 3 weeks for 2 cycles.After surgery,the toripalimab group received toripalimab(240 mg every 3 weeks for up to 6 months).The primary endpoint was event-free survival(EFS).The pathological complete response(pCR)and overall survival(OS)were key secondary endpoints.Adverse events(AEs)and quality of life were also assessed.Results:Between May 15,2020 and August 13,2021,252 ESCC patients ranging fromT1N1-3M0 to T2-3N0-3M0were enrolled for interim analysis,with 127 in the toripalimab group and 125 in the chemotherapy group.The 1-year EFS rate was 77.9%in the toripalimab group compared to 64.3%in the chemotherapy group(hazard ratio[HR]=0.62;95%confidence interval[CI]=0.39 to 1.00;P=0.05).The 1-year OS rates were 94.1%and 83.0%in the toripalimab and chemotherapy groups,respectively(HR=0.48;95%CI=0.24 to 0.97;P=0.037).The patients in the toripalimab group had a higher pCR rate(18.6%vs.4.6%;P=0.001).The rates of postoperative Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲb or higher morbidity were 9.8%in the toripalimab group and 6.8%in the chemotherapy group,with no significant difference observed(P=0.460).The rates of grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs did not differ between the two groups(12.5%versus 12.4%).Conclusions:The interim results of this ongoing trial showed that in resectable ESCC,the addition of perioperative tor
基金supported by the Foundation of High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University(Grant No.665/1120041)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on the Loess Plateau(Grant No.A314021402-202221)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grants No.ZR2020QD114 and ZR2021ME167)the Postgraduate Innovation Program of Qingdao Agricultural University(Grant No.QNYCX22031).
文摘Urban vegetation in China has changed substantially in recent decades due to rapid urbanization and dramatic climate change.Nevertheless,the spatial differentiation of greenness among major cities of China and its evolution process and drivers are still poorly understood.This study examined the spatial patterns of vegetation greenness across 289 cities in China in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2018 by using spatial autocorrelation analysis on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI);then,the influencing factors were analyzed by using the optimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD)model and 18 natural and anthropogenic indicators.The findings demonstrated a noticeable rise in the overall greenness of the selected cities during 2000-2018.The cities in northwest China and east China exhibited the rapidest and slowest greening,respectively,among the six sub-regions.A significant positive spatial correlation was detected between the greenness of the 289 cities in different periods,but the correlation strength weakened over time.The hot and very hot spots in southern and eastern China gradually shifted to the southwest.While the spatial pattern of urban greenness in China is primarily influenced by wind speed(WS)and precipitation(PRE),the interaction between PRE and gross domestic product(GDP)has the highest explanatory power.The explanatory power of most natural factors decreased and,conversely,the influence of anthropogenic factors generally increased.These findings emphasize the variations in the influence strength of multiple factors on urban greenness pattern,which should be taken into account to understand and adapt to the changing urban ecosystem.
基金sponsored by BeiGene.Third-party medical writing assistance was provided by Ghina Yaacoub,MSc,of Ashfield MedComms,an Inizio Company,and funded by BeiGene.
文摘Objective:The open-label,phase II RATIONALE-209 study evaluated tislelizumab(anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody)as a tissue-agnostic monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)/mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR)tumors.Methods:Adults with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR solid tumors were enrolled.Patients received tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks.Objective response rate(ORR;primary endpoint),duration of response(DoR),and progression-free survival(PFS)were assessed by independent review committee(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1).Results:Eighty patients were enrolled and treated;75(93.8%)patients had measurable disease at baseline.Most had metastatic disease and received at least one prior therapy for advanced/metastatic disease(n=79;98.8%).At primary analysis(data cutoff July 8,2021;median follow-up 15.2 months),overall ORR[46.7%;95%confidence interval(95%CI),35.1−58.6;one-sided P<0.0001]and ORR across tumor-specific subgroups[colorectal(n=46):39.1%(95%CI,25.1–54.6);gastric/gastroesophageal junction(n=9):55.6%(95%CI,21.2−86.3);others(n=20):60.0%(95%CI,36.1−80.9)]were significantly greater with tislelizumab vs.a prespecified historical control ORR of 10%;five(6.7%)patients had complete responses.Median DoR,PFS,and overall survival were not reached with long-term follow-up(data cutoff December 5,2022;median follow-up 28.9 months).Tislelizumab was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals.Treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)of grade≥3 occurred in 53.8%of patients;7.5%of patients discontinued treatment due to TRAEs.Conclusions:Tislelizumab demonstrated a significant ORR improvement in patients with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR tumors and was generally well tolerated.
基金EPSRC CDT in Metamaterials at the University of Exeter and Leverhulme Trust(RPG-2018-320)for financial support。
文摘Multi-functionalized and co-doped TiO_(2)/C nanocomposites were derived from the pyrolysis of Ti-MOFs at 800℃under different gaseous atmospheres and their photocatalytic performance were investigated.The gaseous atmosphere during pyrolysis plays a critical role in determining the structural,textural,optical and physicochemical properties of the derived TiO_(2)/C composites due to the synergistic effect of nitrogen-containing species,carboxylate and sulfur functionalized porous carbon as well as N/S co-doped TiO_(2)nanoparticles.All the Ti-MOFs derived TiO_(2)/C composites exclusively possess homogeneously distributed TiO_(2)nanoparticles in a functionalized disc-like porous carbon matrix and demonstrate much enhanced adsorption and photodegradation performance than commercial TiO_(2)under the same conditions.The adsorption of methylene blue(MB)in dark on these TiO_(2)/C composites are dominated with pseudo second-order kinetic model and the high adsorption capacity of MB in dark on composite TiO_(2)/C derived from MIL-125(Ti)in argon is due to its high surface area with predominant mesoporous carbon matrix in the composite.The composite N-O-TiO_(2)/C derived from NH2-MIL-125(Ti)in water vapor exhibited the highest photodegradation activity with 99.7%MB removal in 3 h under visible light due to the optimal anatase/rutile phasejunction,together with the formation of photoactive oxygen-rich N-O like interstitial/intraband states above the valence band of TiO_(2),as well as the presence of N-containing species and-OH/-COOH multi-functional groups with superhydrophilic nature of the composite.This simple one-step and easily modifiable approach can be further employed to modulate homogeneously dispersed multi-functionalized and co-doped metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites for various environment and energy-related applications.
基金supported by the EPSRC Doctoral Training Partnership at University of Exeter,Leverhulme Trust(RPG-2018-320)EU RFCS(RFCS-2016-754077)。
文摘To tackle the energy crisis and achieve more sustainable development,hydrogen as a clean and renewable energy resource has attracted great interest.Searching for cheap but efficient catalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting is urgently needed.In this report,bimetallic Fe-Mo sulfide/carbon nanocomposites that derived from a polyoxometalate phosphomolybdic acid encapsulated metal-organic framework MIL-100(PMA@MIL-100)have been generated and their applications in electrocatalytic hydrogen generation were explored.The PMA@MIL-100 precursor is formed via a simple one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method and the bimetallic Fe-Mo sulfide/carbon nanocomposites were obtained by chemical vapor sulfurization of PMA@MIL-100 at high temperatures.The nanocomposite samples were fully characterized by a series of techniques including X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,N2 gas sorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and were further investigated as electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting.The hydrogen production activity of the best performed bimetallic Fe-Mo sulfide/carbon nanocomposite exhibits an overpotential of-0.321 V at 10 m A cm^(-2)and a Tafel slope of 62 m V dec^(-1)with a 53%reduction in overpotential compared to Mo-free counterpart composite.This dramatic improvement in catalytic performance of the Fe-Mo sulfide/carbon composite is attributed to the homogeneous distribution of the nanosized iron sulfide,MoS_(2)particles,and the formation of Fe-Mo-S phases in the S-doped porous carbon matrix.This work has demonstrated a potential approach to fabricate complex heterogeneous catalytic materials for different applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830021,32030036,32000615,and 32100695)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0803502)+2 种基金the 111 Project(B16021)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M683180,2019M663374,and 2020T130251)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515111045 and 2020A1515111081)。
文摘The distinct characteristics ofγδT cells determine their vital roles in the formation of local immune responses and contribute to tissue homeostasis.However,the heterogeneity ofγδT cells across tissues remains unclear.By combining transcriptional and chromatin analyses with a truly unbiased fashion,we constructed a single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility landscape of mouseγδT cells in the lymph,spleen,and thymus.We also revealed the heterogeneity ofγδT1 andγδT17 cells across these tissues and inferred their potential regulatory mechanisms.In the thymus,we reconstructed the developmental trajectory and gained further insights into the signature genes from the mature stage,intermediate stage,and immature stage ofγδT cells on the basis of single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing data.Notably,a novel Gzma^(+)γδT cell subset was identified with immature properties and only localized to the thymus.Finally,NR1 D1,a circadian transcription factor(TF),was validated as a key and negative regulator ofγδT17 cell differentiation by performing a combined analysis of TF motif enrichment,regulon enrichment,and Nr1 d1 knockout mice.In summary,our data represent a comprehensive mapping on the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility dynamics of mouseγδT cells,providing a valuable resource and reference for future studies onγδT cells.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021ME167)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2022CXGC010401)。
文摘Coastal tidal creeks are important channels for exchanges of material and energy between sea and land,and play an important role in the ecological protection of tidal flats.Although tidal creeks have evolved differently in various regions,the evolutionary process of tidal creeks in the Huanghe(Yellow)River delta of China,one of the most active deltas worldwide,is not entirely clear.Therefore,the evolution of tidal creeks in the delta from 1981 to 2021 was investigated by quantitatively analysing the tidal creeks and developing a standard for dividing their evolution periods.Visual interpretation and supervised classification methods were applied to the Landsat images to extract the tidal creek network,and 17 groups of tidal creek systems were selected.Results indicate that Creek S 1 was the most developed creek for having 113 tidal creeks totaling 65.8 km in length,while Creek E 3 had the fastest growth rate for having average annual increase of 1.9 km.Meanwhile,the level of tidal creeks increased,the average and median lengths of tidal creeks increased,and the number of tidal creeks decreased since 1981.The evolution of the tidal creek system could be divided into four stages,namely,rising,developing,stabilizing,and degrading.Analyses of a representative tidal creek show that there was no degenerated tidal creek during the rising period,with an increase in the number of 50 and a length increase of 57.9 km between 1981 and 1989.The proportion of new tidal creeks in the developing period was more than 50%and the new tidal creeks in the stabilizing period were equal to the degraded tidal creeks.Extinct tidal creeks were greater than 50%during the degrading period.There was no fixed order of tidal creek evolution in each period,and there may be a skip in evolution.Our findings provided a reference for studying the evolution of tidal creeks.
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52104309 and 52072274)We also acknowledge the fund of Hubei Natural Science Foundation(2021CFB011)the support of“Macao Young Scholars Program”,China(AM2020004).
文摘The structure of sulfur host materials plays a key role in alleviating the shuttle effect,volume expansion and sluggish redox reaction of lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs).In this work,the well-designed multichannel carbon fibers decorated by carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and CoS nanoparticles(MCF/CoS/CNT)are synthesized and serve as the flexible sulfur host.The in situ grown CNTs network and embedded CoS enhance the overall conductivity of electrode and facilitate the redox reaction of sulfur-related electrochemistry.Benefitting from these merits,the MCF/CoS/CNT-based cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 927 mAh g^(−1) after 180 cycles with a low decay of 0.034%per cycle at 1.0 C.A superb areal capacity of 5.2 mAh cm^(−2) could be obtained under a high sulfur loading of 6.3 mg cm^(−2) and an ultralow electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 6.5μL mg^(−1) after 100 cycles.This work offers a promising approach to the reasonable design of flexible sulfur host for LSBs toward high energy density.
文摘A novel free-cutting unleaded brass containing antimony and magnesium was prepared by gravity casting and hot extrusion. Microstructure of the hot extruded Sb-Mg brass was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Its mechanical properties were measured by tensile test, and cutting performance was investigated by lathe turning experiment. Results showed that microstructure of the hot extruded Sb-Mg brass was composed of α, β phases and Sb-Mg containing intermetallic compounds. The newly developed brass was compared with the HPb59-1 brass for its mechanical property. Its cutting performance was close to that of a German free-cutting unleaded brass. Sb-Mg brass has potential to replace HPb59-1 brass so as to reduce cost and protect environment.
基金Z.H.T.acknowledges the financial support from the Guangdong Natural Science Funds(No.2022A1515011840)Q.T.thanks the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21903008)the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0382).
文摘Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(NtrRR)has been emerging as an appealing route for both water treatment and NH_(3)synthesis.Herein,we report the structure analysis and electrocatalytic performance of a novel homoleptic alkynyl-protected Ag_(20)Cu_(12)nanocluster(Ag_(20)Cu_(12)in short)with atomic precision,which has eight free electrons and displays characteristic absorbance feature.Single crystal X-ray diffraction(SC-XRD)discloses that,it adopts a Ag_(14)kernel capped by three Ag_(2)Cu_(4)(C≡CArF)_(8)metal–ligand binding motifs in the outer shell.Ag_(20)Cu_(12)exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward NtrRR,as manifested by the superior NH_(3)Faradaic efficiency(FE,84.6%)and yield rate(0.138 mmol·h^(−1)·mg−1)than the homoleptic alkynyl-protected Ag_(32)nanoclusters.Additionally,it demonstrates good catalytic recycling capability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that,the de-ligated Ag_(20)Cu_(12)cluster can expose the available AgCu bimetallic sites as the efficient active sites for NH_(3)formation.In particular,the participation of Cu sites greatly facilitates the initial capture of NO_(3)−and simultaneously promotes the selectivity of the final product.This study discovers a novel homoleptic alkynyl-protected AgCu superatom,and offers a great example to elucidate the structure–performance relationship of bimetallic catalyst for NtrRR and other multiple protons/electrons coupled electrocatalytic reactions.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51174017)
文摘The influences of roasting activation on the particle morphology, microscopic structure, and adsorption properties of natural clinoptilolites were investigated. The experimental results show that the optimal modified conditions include a calcination temperature at 400 ℃, a roasting time of 0.5 h, and furnace cooling. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate from analog renewable water of the modified clinoptilolites reached 72% in the optimized conditions, which is 12% higher than that of natural ones. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the surface morphology changed, the micro-hole size increased, and the surface became smoother and more uniform after calcination. The single-point total adsorption average pore width increased from 7.74 nm to 10.64 nm.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202043197)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078294)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ21E080001,LGF20E080018)the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Technology Research of Zhejiang Province(2021ZEKL04)。
文摘CeO_(2),La_(2)O_(3),and CeO_(2)-Y_(2)O_(3) oxides were coated on the surface of spherical granular AI_(2)O_(3)(3-5 mm)through impregnation method,and proved as better supports of Pd and Pt catalysts.The influences of rare earth metal doping on the adsorption rates of Pd and Pt ions,as well as the catalytic performance,were investigated.Results show that the H_(2)PtCl_(6)·6H_(2)O adsorption rates of the Al_(2)O_(3) carriers modified by Ce,La,and CeY increase significantly.These rare earth coatings can adsorb almost all H2PtCl_(6)·6H_(2)O in the solution.Compared with Pt/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst,Pt/Ce-AI_(2)O_(3) and Pt/CeY-AI_(2)O_(3) catalysts have better degradation performance for toluene,and the T_(90) temperatures are both about 147℃.According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization,Pt^(0)is an important active species for catalytic oxidation reaction of toluene.After CeO_(2)modification to the conventional Pt/Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst,the proportion of Pt^(0)increases from 74.5%to 82.1%.When the Pt^(0)content in the metal state is improved,the redox activity of the catalyst is promoted correspondingly.
基金Project of Jiangsu Provincial Medical Talent,Grant/Award Number:ZDRCA2016033China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2018M640465+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81672295,81702265,81802277,81872378Research Program of Jiangsu Health Department,Grant/Award Number:LGY2016025Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BE2019758。
文摘Background:Considering the increase in the proportion of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cases among all lung cancers and its considerable contribution to cancer-related deaths worldwide,we sought to identify novel oncogenes to provide potential targets and facilitate a better understanding of the malignant progression of LUAD.Methods:The results from the screening of transcriptome and survival analyses according to the integrated Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)data were combined,and a promising risk biomarker called meiotic nuclear divisions 1(MND1)was selectively acquired.Cell viability assays and subcutaneous xenograftmodelswere used to validate the oncogenic role ofMND1 in LUADcell proliferation and tumor growth.Aseries of assays,including mass spectrometry,co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP),and chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP),were performed to explore the underlying mechanism.Results:MND1 up-regulation was identified to be an independent risk factor for overall survival in LUAD patients evaluated by both tissue microarray staining and third party data analysis.In vivo and in vitro assays showed that MND1 promoted LUAD cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle.The results of the Co-IP,ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays validated that MND1 competitively bound to tumor suppressor Kruppel-like factor 6(KLF6),and thereby protecting E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1)from KLF6-induced transcriptional repression.Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays found that E2F1 activated MND1 transcription by binding to its promoter in a feedback manner.Conclusions:MND1,KLF6,and E2F1 form a positive feedback loop to regulate cell cycle and confer DDP resistance in LUAD.MND1 is crucial for malignant progression and may be a potential therapeutic target in LUAD patients.
