Objective:To investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing. Methods:Thirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbo...Objective:To investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing. Methods:Thirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbone.At the 1st,2nd,4th,6th,8th and 12th week after the operation, they were examined by X-ray and ultrasound,respectively.All detection results were scored according to a generally accepted standard.Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the results of the two inspection methods.Results:In each healing stage,the results of the ultrasonic inspection were basically consistent with those of the X-ray examination,as supported by a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.892(P【0.001). Conclusions:Non-invasive ultrasonic inspection can be used instead of X-ray examination to monitor and diagnose fracture healing.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anatomical segmentectomy has been proposed as a substitution for lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer.However,it requires technical meticulousness due to the complex anatomical variations of segmental vess...BACKGROUND Anatomical segmentectomy has been proposed as a substitution for lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer.However,it requires technical meticulousness due to the complex anatomical variations of segmental vessels and bronchi.AIM To assess the safety and feasibility of three-dimensional computed-tomography bronchography and angiography(3D-CTBA)in performing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)for lung cancers.METHODS In this study,we enrolled 123 patients who consented to undergo thoracoscopic segmentectomy and lobectomy assisted by 3D-CTBA between May 2017 and June 2019.The image data of enhanced computed tomography(CT)scans was reconstructed three-dimensionally by the Mimics software.The results of preoperative 3D-CTBA,in combination with intraoperative navigation,guided the surgery.RESULTS A total of 59 women and 64 men were enrolled,of whom 57(46.3%)underwent segmentectomy and 66(53.7%)underwent lobectomy.The majority of tumor appearance on CT was part-solid ground-glass nodule(pGGN;55.3%).The mean duration of chest tube placement was 3.5±1.6 d,and the average length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.8±1.8 d.Surgical complications included one case of pneumonia and four cases of prolonged air leak lasting>5 d.Notably,there was no intraoperative massive hemorrhage,postoperative intensive-care unit stay,or 30-d mortality.Preoperative 3D-CTBA images can display clearly and vividly the targeted structure and the variations of vessels and bronchi.To reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence,the application of 3D-CTBA with a virtual 3D surgical margin help the VATS surgeon determine accurate distances and positional relations among the tumor,bronchial trees,and the intersegmental vessels.Three-dimensional navigation was performed to confirm the segmental structure,precisely cut off the targeted segment,and avoid intersegmental veins injury.CONCLUSION VATS and 3D-CTBA worked in harmony in our study.This combination also provided a new pattern of transition from lesion-directed location of tumors t展开更多
Kawasaki disease(KD)is a disorder of immune responses.The prevalence of KD among 100,000 children aged 0-4 years was 71.9-110.0 in China,170.9-194.9 in Korea,and 18.1-21.3 in the USA[1].The most severe complication of...Kawasaki disease(KD)is a disorder of immune responses.The prevalence of KD among 100,000 children aged 0-4 years was 71.9-110.0 in China,170.9-194.9 in Korea,and 18.1-21.3 in the USA[1].The most severe complication of KD is coronary artery lesions(CALs),including coronary dilatation and coronary aneurysms,which may even lead to myocardial ischemia,myocardial infarction,and sudden death.展开更多
The two-spotted spider mite(Tetranychus urticae)is one of the most well-known pesticide-resistant agricultural pests,with resistance often attributed to changes such as target-site mutations and detoxification activat...The two-spotted spider mite(Tetranychus urticae)is one of the most well-known pesticide-resistant agricultural pests,with resistance often attributed to changes such as target-site mutations and detoxification activation.Recent studies show that pesticide resistance can also be influenced by symbionts,but their involvement in this process in spider mites remains uncertain.Here,we found that infection with Wolbachia,a well-known bacterial reproductive manipulator,significantly increased mite survival after exposure to the insecticides abamectin,cyflumetofen,and pyridaben.Wolbachia-infected(WI)mites showed higher expression of detoxification genes such as P450,glutathione-S-transferase(GST),ABC transporters,and carboxyl/cholinesterases.RNA interference experiments confirmed the role of the two above-mentioned detoxification genes,TuCYP392D2 and TuGSTd05,in pesticide resistance.Increased GST activities were also observed in abamectin-treated WI mites.In addition,when wild populations were treated with abamectin,WI mites generally showed better survival than uninfected mites.However,genetically homogeneous mites with different Wolbachia strains showed similar survival.Finally,abamectin treatment increased Wolbachia abundance without altering the mite's bacterial community.This finding highlights the role of Wolbachia in orchestrating pesticide resistance by modulating host detoxification.By unraveling the intricate interplay between symbionts and pesticide resistance,our study lays the groundwork for pioneering strategies to combat agricultural pests.展开更多
Background Signaling pathways that regulate the production of cytokines and destructive enzymes have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis （RA） pathogenesis. There are co-relations between signaling pathways. The ...Background Signaling pathways that regulate the production of cytokines and destructive enzymes have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis （RA） pathogenesis. There are co-relations between signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate interactions and cross-talks between MEK1/2-extracellular signal-related kinase （ERK1/2） signaling and G protein-couple signaling in synoviocytes of collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） rats by the stimulation of interleukin-1 （IL-1）, U0126, isoprenaline hydrochloride and aminophyline respectively. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were induced by chicken type II collagen. Synoviocytes of CIA rats were isolated and cultured. The expressions of Gi, phosphorylated MEK1/2 （p-MEK1/2） and phosphorylated ERK1/2 （p-ERK1/2） were detected by Western blotting, cAMP level and protein kinase A （PKA） activity were measured by radioimmunoassay and kinase-glo luminescent kinase assay respectively. Results There was remarkable inflammation in CIA rats accompanied by swelling paws, hyperplastic synovium, pannus and cartilage erosion, cAMP level and PKA activity of synoviocytes decreased. Gi, p-ERK1/2 and p-MEK1/2 increased, rlL-la improved the expression of Gi, p-ERK1/2 and p-MEK1/2, cAMP and PKA increased with stimulation of rlL-1α. U0126 inhibited Gi, cAMP and PKA of synoviocytes stimulated by rlL-la. Isoprenaline hydrochloride enhanced Gi, cAMP and PKA, but had no effects on p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Aminophyline increased cAMP and PKA, but inhibited p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Conclusions Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs） and G protein-couple signaling are associated with synovitis. There are cross talks between MAPKs and G protein-couple signaling. The two signaling pathways represent potential therapeutic targets for RA.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules b...Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules by wrapping morphogenesis protein bones-2(BMP-2)using chitosan nanoparticles,and compositing collagen materials.Methods:Twenty four SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group,that is Group A(control group),Group B(only treated with collagen),Group C(rhBMP-2+collagen treated group) and Group D(rhBMP-2/cs+collagen treated group).The composite materials for each group were implanted in the bilateral peroneal muscle pouches in rats.The peroneal muscles were only separated without implanting any materials in control group.Rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks post treatment and samples were cut off for general observation,Micro CT scans and histological observation.Results:General observation showed no new bone formation in Groups A and B mice,while new bones were formed in Groups C and D mice.Two weeks after treatment Micro CT scans showed that The bone volume fraction(BVF),trabecular thickness(Tb. Th),bone mineral density(BMD) in Group C mice were all higher than that in Group D(P<0.05). At the fourth week,the BVK,Tb.Th and BMD were significantly higher than that at the second week(P<0.01).Conclusions:The slow-release effect of rhBMP-2/cs sustained-release capsules can significantly promote ectopic osteogenesis.Its bone formation effect is better than that of rhBMP-2 burst-release group.展开更多
Tutin,an established toxic natural product that causes epilepsy in rodents,is often used as a tool to develop animal model of acute epileptic seizures.However,the molecular target and toxic mechanism of tutin were unc...Tutin,an established toxic natural product that causes epilepsy in rodents,is often used as a tool to develop animal model of acute epileptic seizures.However,the molecular target and toxic mechanism of tutin were unclear.In this study,for the first time,we conducted experiments to clarify the targets in tutin-induced epilepsy using thermal proteome profiling.Our studies showed that calcineurin(CN)was a target of tutin,and that tutin activated CN,leading to seizures.Binding site studies further established that tutin bound within the active site of CN catalytic subunit.CN inhibitor and calcineurin A(CNA)knockdown experiments in vivo proved that tutin induced epilepsy by activating CN,and produced obvious nerve damage.Together,these findings revealed that tutin caused epileptic seizures by activating CN.Moreover,further mechanism studies found that N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptors,gammaaminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors and voltage-and Ca2+-activated K+(BK)channels might be involved in related signaling pathways.Our study fully explains the convulsive mechanism of tutin,which provides new ideas for epilepsy treatment and drug development.展开更多
Ras opposite(Rop)is known to play an essential role in regulating vesicle trafficking,including synaptic transmission and general secretion.The fundamental roles of Rop have been confirmed by the observation that null...Ras opposite(Rop)is known to play an essential role in regulating vesicle trafficking,including synaptic transmission and general secretion.The fundamental roles of Rop have been confirmed by the observation that null mutations in many organisms generate lethal phenotypes during embryogenesis.However,the effects of Rop during the postembryonic stages,especially in non-model organisms,remain largely unknown.Here,we provide new data that enhance our understanding of Rop's roles in the adults of multiple species of Tetranychus spider mites(Acari:Tetranychidae),a class of notorious agricultural pests.Our in silico and experimental evidence demonstrated that Rop is under purifying selection and is highly conserved in Tetranychus spp.RNA interference experiments showed that Rop is required for maintaining normal fecundity but has no significant effect on survival.We further demonstrate that knockdown of Rop darkens the body color of spider mites and blocks the excretion of fecal pellets,which is likely to be related to an abnormality in the excretion of food waste in the digestive system.Overall,our findings clarify novel functions of a vesicle trafficking-related gene in the adult stage of multiple Tetranychus species and highlight the need to evaluate the roles of essential genes in various organisms.展开更多
OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the effects of CP-25 on the functions of activated human B cells through regulating BAFF and TNF-alpha signaling.METHODS B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) o...OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the effects of CP-25 on the functions of activated human B cells through regulating BAFF and TNF-alpha signaling.METHODS B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) of normal human were isolated using magnetic cell separation(MACS) by a positive selection.B cells(107 cells·mL^(-1)) were stimulated by BAFF(100 ng·mL^(-1))or TNF-alpha(100 ng·mL^(-1)) for two hours,and then were treated with CP-25(10-5 mol·L^(-1)) or Rituximab(5 μg·mL^(-1)) or Etanercept(10 μg·mL^(-1)).B cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8.B cell subsets and BAFF receptors(BAFFR,BCMA and TACI) were analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 on B cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of MKK3,MKK6,P-p38,P-p65,TRAF2 and p100/52 was analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS CP-25 inhibited B cells proliferation stimulated by BAFF or TNF-alpha.CP-25,Rituximab and Etanercept reduced the percentage and numbers of CD19^+B cells,CD19^+CD20^+B cells,CD19^+CD27^+B cells and CD19^+CD20^+CD27^+B cells induced by BAFF or TNF-alpha.CP-25 down-regulated the high expression of BAFFR,BCMA and TACI stimulated by BAFF or TNF-alpha.CP-25,Rituximab and Etanercept down-regulated significantly the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 on B cell stimulated by BAFF or TNF-alpha.CP-25,Rituximab and Etanercept down-regulated the expression of MKK3,P-p38,P-p65,TRAF2 and p52 in B cells stimulated by BAFF and the expression of TRAF2 and P-p65 in B cells stimulated by TNF-alpha.CONCLUSION CP-25 regulated moderately activated B cells function by by regulating the classical and alternative NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by BAFF and TNF-alpha-TRAF2-NF-κB signaling pathway.This study suggests that CP-25 may be a promising anti-inflammatory immune and soft regulation drug.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Regional Development Project of Fujian Province,China(No.2021H4026)the Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Province,China(No.2021-113)+1 种基金the Joint Research Fund for Industry and University of Fujian Province,China(No.2017H6016)the Qimai Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanghang County,China(No.2017SQM044)。
基金Supported by the Research and Development Project of Scientific and Technological Industry of Guangdong Province(2011B080701053)
文摘Objective:To investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing. Methods:Thirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbone.At the 1st,2nd,4th,6th,8th and 12th week after the operation, they were examined by X-ray and ultrasound,respectively.All detection results were scored according to a generally accepted standard.Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the results of the two inspection methods.Results:In each healing stage,the results of the ultrasonic inspection were basically consistent with those of the X-ray examination,as supported by a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.892(P【0.001). Conclusions:Non-invasive ultrasonic inspection can be used instead of X-ray examination to monitor and diagnose fracture healing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81800050Natural Science Fund of Yangzhou City,No.YZ2017119Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Program of Yangzhou University,No.2017CXJ122.
文摘BACKGROUND Anatomical segmentectomy has been proposed as a substitution for lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer.However,it requires technical meticulousness due to the complex anatomical variations of segmental vessels and bronchi.AIM To assess the safety and feasibility of three-dimensional computed-tomography bronchography and angiography(3D-CTBA)in performing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)for lung cancers.METHODS In this study,we enrolled 123 patients who consented to undergo thoracoscopic segmentectomy and lobectomy assisted by 3D-CTBA between May 2017 and June 2019.The image data of enhanced computed tomography(CT)scans was reconstructed three-dimensionally by the Mimics software.The results of preoperative 3D-CTBA,in combination with intraoperative navigation,guided the surgery.RESULTS A total of 59 women and 64 men were enrolled,of whom 57(46.3%)underwent segmentectomy and 66(53.7%)underwent lobectomy.The majority of tumor appearance on CT was part-solid ground-glass nodule(pGGN;55.3%).The mean duration of chest tube placement was 3.5±1.6 d,and the average length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.8±1.8 d.Surgical complications included one case of pneumonia and four cases of prolonged air leak lasting>5 d.Notably,there was no intraoperative massive hemorrhage,postoperative intensive-care unit stay,or 30-d mortality.Preoperative 3D-CTBA images can display clearly and vividly the targeted structure and the variations of vessels and bronchi.To reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence,the application of 3D-CTBA with a virtual 3D surgical margin help the VATS surgeon determine accurate distances and positional relations among the tumor,bronchial trees,and the intersegmental vessels.Three-dimensional navigation was performed to confirm the segmental structure,precisely cut off the targeted segment,and avoid intersegmental veins injury.CONCLUSION VATS and 3D-CTBA worked in harmony in our study.This combination also provided a new pattern of transition from lesion-directed location of tumors t
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81872915(WMW),82073904(WMW),82121005(YDH),81973373(YDH),21704064(ZQT)and 82270313(SSN)National Science&Technology Major Project of China-Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program 2018ZX09735-001(WMW)and 2018ZX09711002-002-005(YDH)+4 种基金National Major Project of China Science and Technology Innovation 2030 for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology 2021ZD0203400(ZQT)the National Key Basic Research Program of China 2018YFA0507000(WMW)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Shanghai Top-Level University Capacity Building Program DGF817029-04(WMW)Hainan Provincial Major Science and Technology Project ZDKJ2021028(YDH and ZQT)Shanghai Municipality Science and Technology Development Fund 21JC1401600(YDH).
文摘Kawasaki disease(KD)is a disorder of immune responses.The prevalence of KD among 100,000 children aged 0-4 years was 71.9-110.0 in China,170.9-194.9 in Korea,and 18.1-21.3 in the USA[1].The most severe complication of KD is coronary artery lesions(CALs),including coronary dilatation and coronary aneurysms,which may even lead to myocardial ischemia,myocardial infarction,and sudden death.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 32372528 and 32020103011)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant number BK20211213)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(grant number TJ-2023-038)。
文摘The two-spotted spider mite(Tetranychus urticae)is one of the most well-known pesticide-resistant agricultural pests,with resistance often attributed to changes such as target-site mutations and detoxification activation.Recent studies show that pesticide resistance can also be influenced by symbionts,but their involvement in this process in spider mites remains uncertain.Here,we found that infection with Wolbachia,a well-known bacterial reproductive manipulator,significantly increased mite survival after exposure to the insecticides abamectin,cyflumetofen,and pyridaben.Wolbachia-infected(WI)mites showed higher expression of detoxification genes such as P450,glutathione-S-transferase(GST),ABC transporters,and carboxyl/cholinesterases.RNA interference experiments confirmed the role of the two above-mentioned detoxification genes,TuCYP392D2 and TuGSTd05,in pesticide resistance.Increased GST activities were also observed in abamectin-treated WI mites.In addition,when wild populations were treated with abamectin,WI mites generally showed better survival than uninfected mites.However,genetically homogeneous mites with different Wolbachia strains showed similar survival.Finally,abamectin treatment increased Wolbachia abundance without altering the mite's bacterial community.This finding highlights the role of Wolbachia in orchestrating pesticide resistance by modulating host detoxification.By unraveling the intricate interplay between symbionts and pesticide resistance,our study lays the groundwork for pioneering strategies to combat agricultural pests.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30572356） and the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Anhui Province （No. KJ2008B295）.
文摘Background Signaling pathways that regulate the production of cytokines and destructive enzymes have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis （RA） pathogenesis. There are co-relations between signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate interactions and cross-talks between MEK1/2-extracellular signal-related kinase （ERK1/2） signaling and G protein-couple signaling in synoviocytes of collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） rats by the stimulation of interleukin-1 （IL-1）, U0126, isoprenaline hydrochloride and aminophyline respectively. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were induced by chicken type II collagen. Synoviocytes of CIA rats were isolated and cultured. The expressions of Gi, phosphorylated MEK1/2 （p-MEK1/2） and phosphorylated ERK1/2 （p-ERK1/2） were detected by Western blotting, cAMP level and protein kinase A （PKA） activity were measured by radioimmunoassay and kinase-glo luminescent kinase assay respectively. Results There was remarkable inflammation in CIA rats accompanied by swelling paws, hyperplastic synovium, pannus and cartilage erosion, cAMP level and PKA activity of synoviocytes decreased. Gi, p-ERK1/2 and p-MEK1/2 increased, rlL-la improved the expression of Gi, p-ERK1/2 and p-MEK1/2, cAMP and PKA increased with stimulation of rlL-1α. U0126 inhibited Gi, cAMP and PKA of synoviocytes stimulated by rlL-la. Isoprenaline hydrochloride enhanced Gi, cAMP and PKA, but had no effects on p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Aminophyline increased cAMP and PKA, but inhibited p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Conclusions Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs） and G protein-couple signaling are associated with synovitis. There are cross talks between MAPKs and G protein-couple signaling. The two signaling pathways represent potential therapeutic targets for RA.
基金supported by Guangdong Province Science and Technology Foundation,Guangdong,China(No:2011B080701053)
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules by wrapping morphogenesis protein bones-2(BMP-2)using chitosan nanoparticles,and compositing collagen materials.Methods:Twenty four SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group,that is Group A(control group),Group B(only treated with collagen),Group C(rhBMP-2+collagen treated group) and Group D(rhBMP-2/cs+collagen treated group).The composite materials for each group were implanted in the bilateral peroneal muscle pouches in rats.The peroneal muscles were only separated without implanting any materials in control group.Rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks post treatment and samples were cut off for general observation,Micro CT scans and histological observation.Results:General observation showed no new bone formation in Groups A and B mice,while new bones were formed in Groups C and D mice.Two weeks after treatment Micro CT scans showed that The bone volume fraction(BVF),trabecular thickness(Tb. Th),bone mineral density(BMD) in Group C mice were all higher than that in Group D(P<0.05). At the fourth week,the BVK,Tb.Th and BMD were significantly higher than that at the second week(P<0.01).Conclusions:The slow-release effect of rhBMP-2/cs sustained-release capsules can significantly promote ectopic osteogenesis.Its bone formation effect is better than that of rhBMP-2 burst-release group.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21732008)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.CIFMS-2021-I2M-1-027,CIFMS-2021-I2M-1-028,CIFMS-2022-I2M-JB-009).
文摘Tutin,an established toxic natural product that causes epilepsy in rodents,is often used as a tool to develop animal model of acute epileptic seizures.However,the molecular target and toxic mechanism of tutin were unclear.In this study,for the first time,we conducted experiments to clarify the targets in tutin-induced epilepsy using thermal proteome profiling.Our studies showed that calcineurin(CN)was a target of tutin,and that tutin activated CN,leading to seizures.Binding site studies further established that tutin bound within the active site of CN catalytic subunit.CN inhibitor and calcineurin A(CNA)knockdown experiments in vivo proved that tutin induced epilepsy by activating CN,and produced obvious nerve damage.Together,these findings revealed that tutin caused epileptic seizures by activating CN.Moreover,further mechanism studies found that N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptors,gammaaminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors and voltage-and Ca2+-activated K+(BK)channels might be involved in related signaling pathways.Our study fully explains the convulsive mechanism of tutin,which provides new ideas for epilepsy treatment and drug development.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32020103011,32001905,and 31871976)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.KJQN202110).
文摘Ras opposite(Rop)is known to play an essential role in regulating vesicle trafficking,including synaptic transmission and general secretion.The fundamental roles of Rop have been confirmed by the observation that null mutations in many organisms generate lethal phenotypes during embryogenesis.However,the effects of Rop during the postembryonic stages,especially in non-model organisms,remain largely unknown.Here,we provide new data that enhance our understanding of Rop's roles in the adults of multiple species of Tetranychus spider mites(Acari:Tetranychidae),a class of notorious agricultural pests.Our in silico and experimental evidence demonstrated that Rop is under purifying selection and is highly conserved in Tetranychus spp.RNA interference experiments showed that Rop is required for maintaining normal fecundity but has no significant effect on survival.We further demonstrate that knockdown of Rop darkens the body color of spider mites and blocks the excretion of fecal pellets,which is likely to be related to an abnormality in the excretion of food waste in the digestive system.Overall,our findings clarify novel functions of a vesicle trafficking-related gene in the adult stage of multiple Tetranychus species and highlight the need to evaluate the roles of essential genes in various organisms.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81330081,81473223and 81673444)Anhui Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016B134)
文摘OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the effects of CP-25 on the functions of activated human B cells through regulating BAFF and TNF-alpha signaling.METHODS B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) of normal human were isolated using magnetic cell separation(MACS) by a positive selection.B cells(107 cells·mL^(-1)) were stimulated by BAFF(100 ng·mL^(-1))or TNF-alpha(100 ng·mL^(-1)) for two hours,and then were treated with CP-25(10-5 mol·L^(-1)) or Rituximab(5 μg·mL^(-1)) or Etanercept(10 μg·mL^(-1)).B cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8.B cell subsets and BAFF receptors(BAFFR,BCMA and TACI) were analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 on B cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of MKK3,MKK6,P-p38,P-p65,TRAF2 and p100/52 was analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS CP-25 inhibited B cells proliferation stimulated by BAFF or TNF-alpha.CP-25,Rituximab and Etanercept reduced the percentage and numbers of CD19^+B cells,CD19^+CD20^+B cells,CD19^+CD27^+B cells and CD19^+CD20^+CD27^+B cells induced by BAFF or TNF-alpha.CP-25 down-regulated the high expression of BAFFR,BCMA and TACI stimulated by BAFF or TNF-alpha.CP-25,Rituximab and Etanercept down-regulated significantly the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 on B cell stimulated by BAFF or TNF-alpha.CP-25,Rituximab and Etanercept down-regulated the expression of MKK3,P-p38,P-p65,TRAF2 and p52 in B cells stimulated by BAFF and the expression of TRAF2 and P-p65 in B cells stimulated by TNF-alpha.CONCLUSION CP-25 regulated moderately activated B cells function by by regulating the classical and alternative NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by BAFF and TNF-alpha-TRAF2-NF-κB signaling pathway.This study suggests that CP-25 may be a promising anti-inflammatory immune and soft regulation drug.
