The rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic,brain organizational,and behavioral characteristics with humans.A macaque brain atlas is fundamental to biomedical and evolut...The rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic,brain organizational,and behavioral characteristics with humans.A macaque brain atlas is fundamental to biomedical and evolutionary research.However,even though connectivity is vital for understanding brain functions,a connectivity-based whole-brain atlas of the macaque has not previously been made.In this study,we created a new whole-brain map,the Macaque Brainnetome Atlas(MacBNA),based on the anatomical connectivity profiles provided by high angular and spatial resolution ex vivo diffusion MRI data.The new atlas consists of 248 cortical and 56 subcortical regions as well as their structural and functional connections.The parcellation and the diffusion-based tractography were evaluated with invasive neuronal-tracing and Nissl-stained images.As a demonstrative application,the structural connectivity divergence between macaque and human brains was mapped using the Brainnetome atlases of those two species to uncover the genetic underpinnings of the evolutionary changes in brain structure.The resulting resource includes:(1)the thoroughly delineated Macaque Brainnetome Atlas(MacBNA),(2)regional connectivity profiles,(3)the postmortem high-resolution macaque diffusion and T2-weighted MRI dataset(Brainnetome-8),and(4)multi-contrast MRI,neuronal-tracing,and histological images collected from a single macaque.MacBNA can serve as a common reference frame for mapping multifaceted features across modalities and spatial scales and for integrative investigation and characterization of brain organization and function.Therefore,it will enrich the collaborative resource platform for nonhuman primates and facilitate translational and comparative neuroscience research.展开更多
黄土的热参数是黄土灾害成因机制研究及热工计算中的重要指标,而含水率和干密度对黄土的热参数具有一定的影响。对不同含水率、不同干密度黄土试样,采用Test Protocol Hot Disk TPS 2500S型热常数分析仪,在常温下开展热参数试验,探讨黄...黄土的热参数是黄土灾害成因机制研究及热工计算中的重要指标,而含水率和干密度对黄土的热参数具有一定的影响。对不同含水率、不同干密度黄土试样,采用Test Protocol Hot Disk TPS 2500S型热常数分析仪,在常温下开展热参数试验,探讨黄土热参数随含水率及干密度的变化规律。研究结果表明:黄土试样含水率一定时,干密度越大,其导热系数、比热容及热扩散系数也越大;黄土试样的导热系数和比热容随含水率的增大基本呈线性规律增大;当含水率较低时,热扩散系数随含水率的增大而增大;当达到一定含水率时,热扩散系数随含水率的增大而减小;继续增大含水率,热扩散系数趋于稳定。含水率对黄土热参数的影响程度大于干密度对其热参数的影响程度。在热工计算中,可根据土体含水率和干密度动态地选择热参数。展开更多
基金partially supported by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Project(2021ZD0200200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62327805,82151307,82072099,82202253)。
文摘The rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)is a crucial experimental animal that shares many genetic,brain organizational,and behavioral characteristics with humans.A macaque brain atlas is fundamental to biomedical and evolutionary research.However,even though connectivity is vital for understanding brain functions,a connectivity-based whole-brain atlas of the macaque has not previously been made.In this study,we created a new whole-brain map,the Macaque Brainnetome Atlas(MacBNA),based on the anatomical connectivity profiles provided by high angular and spatial resolution ex vivo diffusion MRI data.The new atlas consists of 248 cortical and 56 subcortical regions as well as their structural and functional connections.The parcellation and the diffusion-based tractography were evaluated with invasive neuronal-tracing and Nissl-stained images.As a demonstrative application,the structural connectivity divergence between macaque and human brains was mapped using the Brainnetome atlases of those two species to uncover the genetic underpinnings of the evolutionary changes in brain structure.The resulting resource includes:(1)the thoroughly delineated Macaque Brainnetome Atlas(MacBNA),(2)regional connectivity profiles,(3)the postmortem high-resolution macaque diffusion and T2-weighted MRI dataset(Brainnetome-8),and(4)multi-contrast MRI,neuronal-tracing,and histological images collected from a single macaque.MacBNA can serve as a common reference frame for mapping multifaceted features across modalities and spatial scales and for integrative investigation and characterization of brain organization and function.Therefore,it will enrich the collaborative resource platform for nonhuman primates and facilitate translational and comparative neuroscience research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973169 and 51703172)the Key R&D program of Hubei Province(2021BAA014)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(2020WNLOKF015)the science foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology(K202025)。
文摘黄土的热参数是黄土灾害成因机制研究及热工计算中的重要指标,而含水率和干密度对黄土的热参数具有一定的影响。对不同含水率、不同干密度黄土试样,采用Test Protocol Hot Disk TPS 2500S型热常数分析仪,在常温下开展热参数试验,探讨黄土热参数随含水率及干密度的变化规律。研究结果表明:黄土试样含水率一定时,干密度越大,其导热系数、比热容及热扩散系数也越大;黄土试样的导热系数和比热容随含水率的增大基本呈线性规律增大;当含水率较低时,热扩散系数随含水率的增大而增大;当达到一定含水率时,热扩散系数随含水率的增大而减小;继续增大含水率,热扩散系数趋于稳定。含水率对黄土热参数的影响程度大于干密度对其热参数的影响程度。在热工计算中,可根据土体含水率和干密度动态地选择热参数。
