AIM:To determine the basic demographic features of colorectal cancer (CRC) in five hospitals located in four different areas of Guangdong Province,China.METHODS:A review of patient records from 1986 to 2006 from five ...AIM:To determine the basic demographic features of colorectal cancer (CRC) in five hospitals located in four different areas of Guangdong Province,China.METHODS:A review of patient records from 1986 to 2006 from five hospitals was conducted. Patient data was obtained,including age,gender,location of le-sions,staging and histological type of CRC. The Chi-square test was used to assess differences in rates and a significance level of 0.05 was used. Univariate com-parisons were made via Fisher's exact tests.RESULTS:Analysis was carried out on 8172 CRC patents,6.1% (499/8172) of the patients were aged ≤ 30 years. The peak incidence was between the ages 61-70 years (27.8%). The mean age at CRC diagnosis increased from 52 years (1986-1988) to 60 years(2004-2006) and the proportion of young CRC patients decreased from 8.0% to 5.9% over the same period. Of 8172 lesions,4434 (54.3%) were located in rectum and 3738 (45.7%) in colon. The incidence of rectal cancer decreased significantly from 59.4% (1989-1991) to 51.8% (2004-2006) and right sided colon cancer increased from 40.6% to 48.2%. The mean age,ana-tomic distribution,histological type and differentiation degree were significantly different among the four geographical areas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The hospitalization rate for CRC has increased in Guangdong in recent years. The characteristics of CRC from the five hospitals located in the four different areas of Guangdong Province are also different. Further studies are needed to assess more recent trend in the incidence and prevalence of CRC as well as the respective roles of genetic and environ-mental factors in CRC.展开更多
Background:Acute heart failure(AHF)is the most common disease in emergency departments(EDs).However,clinical data exploring the outcomes of patients presenting AHF in EDs are limited,especially the long-term outcomes....Background:Acute heart failure(AHF)is the most common disease in emergency departments(EDs).However,clinical data exploring the outcomes of patients presenting AHF in EDs are limited,especially the long-term outcomes.The purposes of this study were to describe the long-term outcomes of patients with AHF in the EDs and further analyze their prognostic factors.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,cohort study consecutively enrolled 3335 patients with AHF who were admitted to EDs of 14 hospitals from Beijing between January 1,2011 and September 23,2012.Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were adopted to evaluate 5-year outcomes and associated predictors.Results:The 5-year mortality and cardiovascular death rates were 55.4%and 49.6%,respectively.The median overall survival was 34 months.Independent predictors of 5-year mortality were patient age(hazard ratio[HR]:1.027,95 confidence interval[CI]:1.023-1.030),body mass index(BMI)(HR:0.971,95%CI:0.958-0.983),fatigue(HR:1.127,95%CI:1.009-1.258),ascites(HR:1.190,95%CI:1.057-1.340),hepatic jugular reflux(HR:1.339,95%CI:1.140-1.572),New York Heart Association(NYHA)class III to IV(HR:1.511,95%CI:1.291-1.769),heart rate(HR:1.003,95%CI:1.001-1.005),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(HR:0.996,95%CI:0.993-0.999),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)(HR:1.014,95%CI:1.008-1.020),B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)/N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)level in the third(HR:1.426,95%CI:1.220-1.668)or fourth quartile(HR:1.437,95%CI:1.223-1.690),serum sodium(HR:0.980,95%CI:0.972-0.988),serum albumin(HR:0.981,95%CI:0.971-0.992),ischemic heart diseases(HR:1.195,95%CI:1.073-1.331),primary cardiomyopathy(HR:1.382,95%CI:1.183-1.614),diabetes(HR:1.118,95%CI:1.010-1.237),stroke(HR:1.252,95%CI:1.121-1.397),and the use of diuretics(HR:0.714,95%CI:0.626-0.814),(3-blockers(HR:0.673,95%CI:0.588-0.769),angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs)(HR:0.714,95%CI:0.604-0.845),angiotensin-II receptor blockers(ARBs)(HR:0.790,95%CI:0.646-0.965),spironolactone(HR:0.814,95%CI:0.663-0.999),calcium antago展开更多
Catalpol is the main active ingredient of an extract from Radix rehmanniae,which in a previous study showed a protective effect against various types of tissue injury.However,a protective effect of catalpol on uterine...Catalpol is the main active ingredient of an extract from Radix rehmanniae,which in a previous study showed a protective effect against various types of tissue injury.However,a protective effect of catalpol on uterine inflammation has not been reported.In this study,to investigate the protective mechanism of catalpol on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells(bEECs)and mouse endometritis,in vitro and in vivo inflammation models were established.The Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and its downstream inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blot(WB),and immunofluorescence techniques.The results from ELISA and qRT-PCR showed that catalpol dose-dependently reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6,and chemokines such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8)and CXCL5,both in bEECs and in uterine tissue.From the experimental results of WB,qRT-PCR,and immunofluorescence,the expression of TLR4 and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 were markedly inhibited by catalpol compared with the LPS group.The inflammatory damage to the mouse uterus caused by LPS was greatly reduced and was accompanied by a decline in myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity.The results of this study suggest that catalpol can exert an anti-inflammatory impact on LPS-induced bEECs and mouse endometritis by inhibiting inflammation and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
Numerical simulation of cavitation in cryogenic fluids is important in improving the stable operation of the propulsion system in liquid-fuel rocket. It also represents a broader class of problems where the fluid is o...Numerical simulation of cavitation in cryogenic fluids is important in improving the stable operation of the propulsion system in liquid-fuel rocket. It also represents a broader class of problems where the fluid is operating close to its critical point and the thermal effects of cavitation are pronounced. The present article focuses on simulating cryogenic cavitation by implementing the "full cavitation model", coupled with energy equation, in conjunction with iterative update of the real fluid properties at local temperatures. Steady state computations are then conducted on hydrofoil and ogive in liquid nitrogen and hydrogen respectively, based on which we explore the mechanism of cavitation with thermal effects. Comprehensive comparisons between the simulation results and experimental data as well as previous computations by other researchers validate the full cavitation model in cryogenic fluids. The sensitivity of cavity length to cavitation number is also examined.展开更多
Background Everlasting cellular proliferation is the fundamental feature during gliomagenesis and Ki-67 is one of the classical proliferation markers in human glioblastoma multiforme （GBM）. However, the driver genes...Background Everlasting cellular proliferation is the fundamental feature during gliomagenesis and Ki-67 is one of the classical proliferation markers in human glioblastoma multiforme （GBM）. However, the driver genes or core pathways for cellular proliferation in GBM have not been elucidated systematically. Methods We evaluated by immunohistochemistry the prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in the clinical outcome of 156 Chinese patients with GBM and a total of 64 GBM samples were selected for further Agilent genome-wide microarray analysis. On the basis of the microarray data from Tiantan （n--64） and The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） （n=202） database, differentially expressed genes between the GBM subgroups with high or low level of Ki-67 expression were identified using Significance Analysis of Microarrays （SAM）. Gene Ontology （GO） and KEGG Pathway analyses were then undertaken for the Ki-67 associated genes to identify the most significant biological processes and signaling pathways. Results We confirmed that Ki-67 was an independent prognostic indicator in the largest Chinese patient cohort of 156 GBM samples via immunohistochemical staining. Survival analysis of Ki-67 over-expression revealed a highly significant association with a worse clinical outcome （P=0.010 for progression-free survival; P=0.007 for overall survival）. Comparative and integrated analysis between -Iqantan and TCGA database identified a 247-gene ＂proliferation signature＂ （205 up-regulated and 42 down-regulated genes） that distinguished Ki-67 expression phenotypes. GO and KEGG Pathway analyses further indicated that Ki-67 expression phenotype was associated with distinct changes in gene expression associated with the regulation of cellular growth and proliferation. Conclusions Proliferation marker Ki-67 is an independent prognostic indicator in Chinese GBM patients. And Ki-67 associated proliferation signature identified through genome-wide microarray analysis may provide potential targets for anti-prolifer展开更多
Chlortetracycline （CTC）, one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chines...Chlortetracycline （CTC）, one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chinese medicine, is usually used as a natural additive in livestock because of its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and pesticidal activity. In this work, we studied whether M. cordata helps regulate the growth-promoting effect of CTC on broiler chickens. It is demonstrated that M. cordata improves the growth-promoting effect of CTC on growth per- formance indices of broiler chickens, such as survival rate, daily weight, and feed to weight rate. M. cordata also delays the maximum of CTC residues in plasma. It may depend on the higher values of operational taxonomic unit （OTU） and the indices of o diversity driven by simultaneous use of CTC and M. cordata.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) based on the Chinese version of SF-36 and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) in subjects with chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis,including patients w...AIM:To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) based on the Chinese version of SF-36 and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) in subjects with chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis,including patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). METHODS:The SF-36 and CLDQ were administered to 160 healthy volunteers,20 subjects with chronic hepatitis B and 106 patients with cirrhosis (33 cases exhibited MHE). HRQOL scores were compared among the different study groups. The SF-36 includes eight health concepts:physical functioning,role-physical,body pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotion,and mental health. Six domains of CLDQ were assessed:abdominal symptoms,fatigue,systemic symptoms,activity,emotional function and worry. RESULTS:Compared with healthy controls (96.9 ± 4.5,86.6 ± 18.4,90.1 ± 12.5,89.0 ± 5.7,87.5 ± 4.3,95.8 ± 7.1,88.5 ± 15.9,88.7 ± 5.2 in SF-36 and 6.7 ± 0.5,6.1 ± 0.6,6.3 ± 0.6,6.5 ± 0.5,6.3 ± 0.5,6.8 ± 0.4 in CLDQ),patients with chronic hepatitis B (86.3 ± 11.0,68.8 ± 21.3,78.9 ± 14.4,60.8 ± 10.5,70.8 ± 8.6,76.1 ± 12.6,50.0 ± 22.9,72.2 ± 10.6 and 5.5 ± 1.0,4.5 ± 1.0,5.2 ± 1.1,5.3 ± 0.9,4.8 ± 0.9,4.9 ± 1.0) and cirrhosis (52.8 ± 17.4,32.8 ± 27.9,61.6 ± 18.9,30.2 ± 18.3,47.9 ± 20.1,54.0 ± 19.2,28.9 ± 26.1,51.1 ± 17.8 and 4.7 ± 1.2,3.9 ± 1.2,4.7 ± 1.2,4.7 ± 1.3,4.7 ± 1.0,4.4 ± 1.1) had lower HRQOL on all scales of the SF-36 and CLDQ (P < 0.01 for all). Increasing severity of liver cirrhosis (based on the Child-Pugh score/presence or absence of MHE) was associated with a decrease in most components of SF-36 and CLDQ,especially SF-36.CONCLUSION:The Chinese version of SF-36 along with CLDQ is a valid and reliable method for testing MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis and MHE are associated with decreased HRQOL.展开更多
Here, we report a high-quality draft genome of a Chinese radish(Raphanus sativus) cultivar. This draft contains 387.73 Mb of assembled scaffolds, 83.93% of the scaffolds were anchored onto nine pseudochromosomes and 9...Here, we report a high-quality draft genome of a Chinese radish(Raphanus sativus) cultivar. This draft contains 387.73 Mb of assembled scaffolds, 83.93% of the scaffolds were anchored onto nine pseudochromosomes and 95.09% of 43 240 protein-coding genes were functionally annotated. 184.75 Mb(47.65%) of repeat sequences was identified in the assembled genome. By comparative analyses of the radish genome against 10 other plant genomes, 2 275 genes in 780 gene families were found unique to R. sativus. This genome is a good reference for genomic study and of great value for genetic improvement of radish.展开更多
The honeybee （Apis mellifera） is a social insect with strong sensory capacity and diverse behavioral repertoire and is recognized as a good model organism for studying the neurobiological basis of learning and memor...The honeybee （Apis mellifera） is a social insect with strong sensory capacity and diverse behavioral repertoire and is recognized as a good model organism for studying the neurobiological basis of learning and memory. In this study, we analyzed the changes in microRNA （miRNA） and messenger RNA （mRNA） following maze-based visual learning using next-generation small RNA sequencing and Solexa/lllumina Digital Gene Expression tag profiling （DGE）. For small RNA sequencing, we obtained 13 367 770 and 13 132 655 clean tags from the maze and control groups, respectively. A total of 40 differentially expressed known miRNAs were detected between these two samples, and all of them were up-regulated in the maze group compared to the control group. For DGE, 5 681 320 and 5 939 855 clean tags were detected from the maze and control groups, respectively. There were a total of 388 differentially expressed genes between these two samples, with 45 genes up-regulated and 343 genes down-regulated in the maze group, compared to the control group. Additionally, the expression levels of 10 differentially expressed genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） and the expression trends of eight of them were consistent with the DGE result, although the degree of change was lower in amplitude. The integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression showed that, among the 40 differentially expressed known miRNAs and 388 differentially expressed genes, 60 pairs of miRNA/mRNA were identified as co-expressed in our present study. These results suggest that both miRNA and mRNA may play a pivotal role in the process of learning and memory in honeybees. Our sequencing data provide comprehensive miRNA and gene expression information for maze-based visual learning, which will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of honeybee learning and memory.展开更多
文摘AIM:To determine the basic demographic features of colorectal cancer (CRC) in five hospitals located in four different areas of Guangdong Province,China.METHODS:A review of patient records from 1986 to 2006 from five hospitals was conducted. Patient data was obtained,including age,gender,location of le-sions,staging and histological type of CRC. The Chi-square test was used to assess differences in rates and a significance level of 0.05 was used. Univariate com-parisons were made via Fisher's exact tests.RESULTS:Analysis was carried out on 8172 CRC patents,6.1% (499/8172) of the patients were aged ≤ 30 years. The peak incidence was between the ages 61-70 years (27.8%). The mean age at CRC diagnosis increased from 52 years (1986-1988) to 60 years(2004-2006) and the proportion of young CRC patients decreased from 8.0% to 5.9% over the same period. Of 8172 lesions,4434 (54.3%) were located in rectum and 3738 (45.7%) in colon. The incidence of rectal cancer decreased significantly from 59.4% (1989-1991) to 51.8% (2004-2006) and right sided colon cancer increased from 40.6% to 48.2%. The mean age,ana-tomic distribution,histological type and differentiation degree were significantly different among the four geographical areas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The hospitalization rate for CRC has increased in Guangdong in recent years. The characteristics of CRC from the five hospitals located in the four different areas of Guangdong Province are also different. Further studies are needed to assess more recent trend in the incidence and prevalence of CRC as well as the respective roles of genetic and environ-mental factors in CRC.
基金grants from the Capital Health Development Research Fund(No.2009-SHF04)Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family,Beijing,China.
文摘Background:Acute heart failure(AHF)is the most common disease in emergency departments(EDs).However,clinical data exploring the outcomes of patients presenting AHF in EDs are limited,especially the long-term outcomes.The purposes of this study were to describe the long-term outcomes of patients with AHF in the EDs and further analyze their prognostic factors.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,cohort study consecutively enrolled 3335 patients with AHF who were admitted to EDs of 14 hospitals from Beijing between January 1,2011 and September 23,2012.Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were adopted to evaluate 5-year outcomes and associated predictors.Results:The 5-year mortality and cardiovascular death rates were 55.4%and 49.6%,respectively.The median overall survival was 34 months.Independent predictors of 5-year mortality were patient age(hazard ratio[HR]:1.027,95 confidence interval[CI]:1.023-1.030),body mass index(BMI)(HR:0.971,95%CI:0.958-0.983),fatigue(HR:1.127,95%CI:1.009-1.258),ascites(HR:1.190,95%CI:1.057-1.340),hepatic jugular reflux(HR:1.339,95%CI:1.140-1.572),New York Heart Association(NYHA)class III to IV(HR:1.511,95%CI:1.291-1.769),heart rate(HR:1.003,95%CI:1.001-1.005),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(HR:0.996,95%CI:0.993-0.999),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)(HR:1.014,95%CI:1.008-1.020),B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)/N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)level in the third(HR:1.426,95%CI:1.220-1.668)or fourth quartile(HR:1.437,95%CI:1.223-1.690),serum sodium(HR:0.980,95%CI:0.972-0.988),serum albumin(HR:0.981,95%CI:0.971-0.992),ischemic heart diseases(HR:1.195,95%CI:1.073-1.331),primary cardiomyopathy(HR:1.382,95%CI:1.183-1.614),diabetes(HR:1.118,95%CI:1.010-1.237),stroke(HR:1.252,95%CI:1.121-1.397),and the use of diuretics(HR:0.714,95%CI:0.626-0.814),(3-blockers(HR:0.673,95%CI:0.588-0.769),angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs)(HR:0.714,95%CI:0.604-0.845),angiotensin-II receptor blockers(ARBs)(HR:0.790,95%CI:0.646-0.965),spironolactone(HR:0.814,95%CI:0.663-0.999),calcium antago
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31472254)
文摘Catalpol is the main active ingredient of an extract from Radix rehmanniae,which in a previous study showed a protective effect against various types of tissue injury.However,a protective effect of catalpol on uterine inflammation has not been reported.In this study,to investigate the protective mechanism of catalpol on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells(bEECs)and mouse endometritis,in vitro and in vivo inflammation models were established.The Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and its downstream inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blot(WB),and immunofluorescence techniques.The results from ELISA and qRT-PCR showed that catalpol dose-dependently reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6,and chemokines such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8)and CXCL5,both in bEECs and in uterine tissue.From the experimental results of WB,qRT-PCR,and immunofluorescence,the expression of TLR4 and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 were markedly inhibited by catalpol compared with the LPS group.The inflammatory damage to the mouse uterus caused by LPS was greatly reduced and was accompanied by a decline in myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity.The results of this study suggest that catalpol can exert an anti-inflammatory impact on LPS-induced bEECs and mouse endometritis by inhibiting inflammation and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50706042)
文摘Numerical simulation of cavitation in cryogenic fluids is important in improving the stable operation of the propulsion system in liquid-fuel rocket. It also represents a broader class of problems where the fluid is operating close to its critical point and the thermal effects of cavitation are pronounced. The present article focuses on simulating cryogenic cavitation by implementing the "full cavitation model", coupled with energy equation, in conjunction with iterative update of the real fluid properties at local temperatures. Steady state computations are then conducted on hydrofoil and ogive in liquid nitrogen and hydrogen respectively, based on which we explore the mechanism of cavitation with thermal effects. Comprehensive comparisons between the simulation results and experimental data as well as previous computations by other researchers validate the full cavitation model in cryogenic fluids. The sensitivity of cavity length to cavitation number is also examined.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Key Project of Science and Technology Supporting Programs （No. 2007BAI05B08）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30772238 and 30730035）, Beijing Science and Technology Programs （Capital Clinical Application Research Project, No. D101100050010007）.
文摘Background Everlasting cellular proliferation is the fundamental feature during gliomagenesis and Ki-67 is one of the classical proliferation markers in human glioblastoma multiforme （GBM）. However, the driver genes or core pathways for cellular proliferation in GBM have not been elucidated systematically. Methods We evaluated by immunohistochemistry the prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in the clinical outcome of 156 Chinese patients with GBM and a total of 64 GBM samples were selected for further Agilent genome-wide microarray analysis. On the basis of the microarray data from Tiantan （n--64） and The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） （n=202） database, differentially expressed genes between the GBM subgroups with high or low level of Ki-67 expression were identified using Significance Analysis of Microarrays （SAM）. Gene Ontology （GO） and KEGG Pathway analyses were then undertaken for the Ki-67 associated genes to identify the most significant biological processes and signaling pathways. Results We confirmed that Ki-67 was an independent prognostic indicator in the largest Chinese patient cohort of 156 GBM samples via immunohistochemical staining. Survival analysis of Ki-67 over-expression revealed a highly significant association with a worse clinical outcome （P=0.010 for progression-free survival; P=0.007 for overall survival）. Comparative and integrated analysis between -Iqantan and TCGA database identified a 247-gene ＂proliferation signature＂ （205 up-regulated and 42 down-regulated genes） that distinguished Ki-67 expression phenotypes. GO and KEGG Pathway analyses further indicated that Ki-67 expression phenotype was associated with distinct changes in gene expression associated with the regulation of cellular growth and proliferation. Conclusions Proliferation marker Ki-67 is an independent prognostic indicator in Chinese GBM patients. And Ki-67 associated proliferation signature identified through genome-wide microarray analysis may provide potential targets for anti-prolifer
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Excellent Young Scholars(No.BK20170087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31502033,31472164,and 31672515)
文摘Chlortetracycline （CTC）, one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chinese medicine, is usually used as a natural additive in livestock because of its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and pesticidal activity. In this work, we studied whether M. cordata helps regulate the growth-promoting effect of CTC on broiler chickens. It is demonstrated that M. cordata improves the growth-promoting effect of CTC on growth per- formance indices of broiler chickens, such as survival rate, daily weight, and feed to weight rate. M. cordata also delays the maximum of CTC residues in plasma. It may depend on the higher values of operational taxonomic unit （OTU） and the indices of o diversity driven by simultaneous use of CTC and M. cordata.
基金the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai, No. Y0205
文摘AIM:To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) based on the Chinese version of SF-36 and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) in subjects with chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis,including patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). METHODS:The SF-36 and CLDQ were administered to 160 healthy volunteers,20 subjects with chronic hepatitis B and 106 patients with cirrhosis (33 cases exhibited MHE). HRQOL scores were compared among the different study groups. The SF-36 includes eight health concepts:physical functioning,role-physical,body pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotion,and mental health. Six domains of CLDQ were assessed:abdominal symptoms,fatigue,systemic symptoms,activity,emotional function and worry. RESULTS:Compared with healthy controls (96.9 ± 4.5,86.6 ± 18.4,90.1 ± 12.5,89.0 ± 5.7,87.5 ± 4.3,95.8 ± 7.1,88.5 ± 15.9,88.7 ± 5.2 in SF-36 and 6.7 ± 0.5,6.1 ± 0.6,6.3 ± 0.6,6.5 ± 0.5,6.3 ± 0.5,6.8 ± 0.4 in CLDQ),patients with chronic hepatitis B (86.3 ± 11.0,68.8 ± 21.3,78.9 ± 14.4,60.8 ± 10.5,70.8 ± 8.6,76.1 ± 12.6,50.0 ± 22.9,72.2 ± 10.6 and 5.5 ± 1.0,4.5 ± 1.0,5.2 ± 1.1,5.3 ± 0.9,4.8 ± 0.9,4.9 ± 1.0) and cirrhosis (52.8 ± 17.4,32.8 ± 27.9,61.6 ± 18.9,30.2 ± 18.3,47.9 ± 20.1,54.0 ± 19.2,28.9 ± 26.1,51.1 ± 17.8 and 4.7 ± 1.2,3.9 ± 1.2,4.7 ± 1.2,4.7 ± 1.3,4.7 ± 1.0,4.4 ± 1.1) had lower HRQOL on all scales of the SF-36 and CLDQ (P < 0.01 for all). Increasing severity of liver cirrhosis (based on the Child-Pugh score/presence or absence of MHE) was associated with a decrease in most components of SF-36 and CLDQ,especially SF-36.CONCLUSION:The Chinese version of SF-36 along with CLDQ is a valid and reliable method for testing MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis and MHE are associated with decreased HRQOL.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2013BAD01B042012BAD02B01+8 种基金2012FY110203and 2012AA021801-4)the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China(2014NW B032)the Outstanding Talents Program and Innovation Program(Vegetable Germplasm Resources Team,CAAS-ASTIP-2013-IVFCAAS)of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institution(2012ZL024)the 973 Program(2012CB1139002013CB127000)the 863 Program(2012AA100101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grant 31301771)
文摘Here, we report a high-quality draft genome of a Chinese radish(Raphanus sativus) cultivar. This draft contains 387.73 Mb of assembled scaffolds, 83.93% of the scaffolds were anchored onto nine pseudochromosomes and 95.09% of 43 240 protein-coding genes were functionally annotated. 184.75 Mb(47.65%) of repeat sequences was identified in the assembled genome. By comparative analyses of the radish genome against 10 other plant genomes, 2 275 genes in 780 gene families were found unique to R. sativus. This genome is a good reference for genomic study and of great value for genetic improvement of radish.
基金Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Earmarked Fund for the China Agricultural Research System （No. CARS- 45-KXJ12） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31260524）. The deep sequencing and bio-information analysis work were carried out in the Beijing Genome Institute （http：//www.genomics.cn/ index.php）. We thank Hong Zhu for invaluable guidance and assistance in the maze experiments and dissection of samples, Dr. Aung Si and Dr. Andrew B. Barron for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript, Fei Zhang and Zhen-Xiu Zeng for help with beekeeping, Xu Han and Shu-Yun Li for their help in maze experiments.
文摘The honeybee （Apis mellifera） is a social insect with strong sensory capacity and diverse behavioral repertoire and is recognized as a good model organism for studying the neurobiological basis of learning and memory. In this study, we analyzed the changes in microRNA （miRNA） and messenger RNA （mRNA） following maze-based visual learning using next-generation small RNA sequencing and Solexa/lllumina Digital Gene Expression tag profiling （DGE）. For small RNA sequencing, we obtained 13 367 770 and 13 132 655 clean tags from the maze and control groups, respectively. A total of 40 differentially expressed known miRNAs were detected between these two samples, and all of them were up-regulated in the maze group compared to the control group. For DGE, 5 681 320 and 5 939 855 clean tags were detected from the maze and control groups, respectively. There were a total of 388 differentially expressed genes between these two samples, with 45 genes up-regulated and 343 genes down-regulated in the maze group, compared to the control group. Additionally, the expression levels of 10 differentially expressed genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） and the expression trends of eight of them were consistent with the DGE result, although the degree of change was lower in amplitude. The integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression showed that, among the 40 differentially expressed known miRNAs and 388 differentially expressed genes, 60 pairs of miRNA/mRNA were identified as co-expressed in our present study. These results suggest that both miRNA and mRNA may play a pivotal role in the process of learning and memory in honeybees. Our sequencing data provide comprehensive miRNA and gene expression information for maze-based visual learning, which will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of honeybee learning and memory.
