AIM: To explore the pathophysiological significance of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in mouse gastrointestinal tract induced by an allergen 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).METHODS: BALB/c mice were rand...AIM: To explore the pathophysiological significance of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in mouse gastrointestinal tract induced by an allergen 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control and DTH1-6 groups. After sensitized by DNCB smeared on the abdominal skin, the mice were challenged with DNCB by gavage or enema. The weight, stool viscosity and hematochezia were observed and accumulated as disease active index (DAI) score; the gastrointestinal motility was represented by active charcoal propulsion rate;the colon pathological score was achieved by macropathology and HE staining of section prepared for microscopy; and the leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (1MIF) activity was determined by indirect capillary assay of the absorbance (A) of migrated leukocytes.RESULTS: Active charcoal propulsion rates of small intestine in the DNCB gavages groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The DAI scores and pathological score in DNCB enema groups were also higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and there were significant rises in LMIF activity in DNCB enemagroups as compared with control groups (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Mouse gastrointestinal DTH reaction could be induced by DNCB, which might facilitate the mechanism underlying the ulcerative colitis.展开更多
Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead...Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead to the deterioration of soil properties,destroy soil production potential and damage soil ecological functions,which in turn will threaten global water and soil resources and food security,and affect sustainable socio-economic development.Microorganisms are important components of salinized soil.Microbial remediation is an important research tool in improving salinized soil and is key to realizing sustainable development of agriculture and the ecosystem.Knowledge about the impact of salinization on soil properties and measures using microorganisms in remediation of salinized soil has grown over time.However,the mechanisms governing these impacts and the ecological principles for microbial remediation are scarce.Thus,it is imperative to summarize the effects of salinization on soil physical,chemical,and microbial properties,and then review the related mechanisms of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in salinized soil remediation via direct and indirect pathways.The stability,persistence,and safety of the microbial remediation effect is also highlighted in this review to further promote the application of microbial remediation in salinized soil.The objective of this review is to provide reference and theoretical support for the improvement and utilization of salinized soil.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary Seven new kalihinene diterpenoids,kalihioxepanes A-G(1-7)bearing a rare oxepane ring,were isolated from sponge Acanthella cavernosa collected from the South China Sea.The structures and absolute ...Comprehensive Summary Seven new kalihinene diterpenoids,kalihioxepanes A-G(1-7)bearing a rare oxepane ring,were isolated from sponge Acanthella cavernosa collected from the South China Sea.The structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis,single crystal X-ray diffraction,and quantum chemical calculation methods.Kalihioxepane A(1)displayed strong cytotoxicity against H69 and K562 tumor cells,while kalihioxepane B(2)showed moderate cytotoxicity against K562 cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that astrocytes may possess similar properties to neural stem cells/neural precursor cells and have the potential to differentiate into neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe neuroepith...BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that astrocytes may possess similar properties to neural stem cells/neural precursor cells and have the potential to differentiate into neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe neuroepithelial stem cell protein （nestin） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression following spinal cord injury, and to explore whether nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells, which are detected at peak levels in gray and white matter around the ependymal region of the central canal in injured spinal cord, possess similar properties of neural stem cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment. The study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases （Xi＇an Jiaotong University）, Ministry of Education between January 2004 and December 2006. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-rat nestin, β-tubulinⅢ, mouse anti-rat GFAP, galactocerebroside （GaLC） antibodies were utilized, as well as flow cytometry. METHODS： A total of 60 male, Sprague Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly assigned to control （n = 12） and model （n = 48） groups. The spinal cord injury model was established in the model group by aneurysm clip compression, while the control animals were not treated. The gray and white matter around the ependymal region of the central canal exhibited peak expression of nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells. These cells were harvested and prepared into single cell suspension, followed by primary and passage cultures. The cells were incubated with serum-containing neural stem cell complete medium. MAINOUTCOME MEASURES： Nestin and GFAP expression in injured spinal cord was determined using immunohistochemistry and double-labeled immunofluorescence at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days post-injury. In addition, cell proliferation and differentiation were detected using immunofluorescence cytochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly increased nestin and GFAP expression （P 〈 0.05�展开更多
Linear polymers bearing the same functional groups as their corresponding adsorbents could be used as models to study the adsorption behaviors.However,the relationships between the data from model study and real adsor...Linear polymers bearing the same functional groups as their corresponding adsorbents could be used as models to study the adsorption behaviors.However,the relationships between the data from model study and real adsorption have not been fully interpreted.In this work,three adsorbent(CP1-Zn2+,CP2-Zn2+ and CP3-Zn2+) and their corresponding linear models(P1-Zn2+,P2-Zn2+ and P3-Zn2+) were synthesized.The affinity constants(Ka) between these models and target peptide DFLAE(DE5) were obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC).Adsorption capacities and adsorption affinities were carried out by static adsorption and adsorption isotherm.The qualitative and quantitative relationships between affinity constants from model study and the real adsorption data were explored.This study was significant to bridge the model study with the real adsorption.展开更多
To exploit efficient adsorbents for removing middle molecular peptides containing DFLAE (DE5, a typical peptide sequence accumulated in uremic serum) sequence by hemoperfusion, we designed and synthesized three affini...To exploit efficient adsorbents for removing middle molecular peptides containing DFLAE (DE5, a typical peptide sequence accumulated in uremic serum) sequence by hemoperfusion, we designed and synthesized three affinity adsorbents (C1-Zn^2+, C2-Zn^2+ and C3-Zn^2+) that could have high affinity to DE5. Subsequently, we evaluated the corresponding adsorption ability of each adsorbent by static adsorption experiments and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The results showed that C1-Zn^2+ bad the best adsorption ability to DE5-containing peptides and the adsorption capacity for DE5 was 8.52 mg/g. By changing the adsorption conditions, the adsorption mechanism was elucidated. The main driving force of the adsorption is metal-carboxyl coordination and the hydrophobic force affords the cooperative effect. It is expected that our present work can provide basic understanding for the design of adsorbents with high affinity and selectivity towards oligopeptides.展开更多
We previously isolated a natural product, namely guaiazulene-2,9-dione showing strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio anguillarum, from a gorgonian Muriceides collaris collected in South China Sea. In this exper...We previously isolated a natural product, namely guaiazulene-2,9-dione showing strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio anguillarum, from a gorgonian Muriceides collaris collected in South China Sea. In this experiment, guaiazulene-2,9-dione was quantitatively synthesized with an optimized one-step bromine oxidation method using guaiazulene as the raw material. The key reaction condition including reaction time and temperature, drop rate of bromine, concentration of aqueous THF solution, respective molar ratio of guaiazulene to bromine and acetic acid, and concentration of guaiazulene in aqueous THF solution, were investigated individually at five levels each for optimization. Combined with the verification test to show the absolute yield of each optimization step, the final optimal condition was determined as: when a solution of 0.025 mmol m L-1 guaiazulene in 80% aqueous THF was treated with four volumes of bromine at a drop rate of 0.1 m L min-1 and four volumes of acetic acid at-5℃ for three hours, the yield of guaiazulene-2,9-dione was 23.72%. This was the first report concerning optimized one-step synthesis to provide a convenient method for the large preparation of guaiazulene-2,9-dione.展开更多
基金Supported by the NatiOnal Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30170419
文摘AIM: To explore the pathophysiological significance of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in mouse gastrointestinal tract induced by an allergen 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control and DTH1-6 groups. After sensitized by DNCB smeared on the abdominal skin, the mice were challenged with DNCB by gavage or enema. The weight, stool viscosity and hematochezia were observed and accumulated as disease active index (DAI) score; the gastrointestinal motility was represented by active charcoal propulsion rate;the colon pathological score was achieved by macropathology and HE staining of section prepared for microscopy; and the leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (1MIF) activity was determined by indirect capillary assay of the absorbance (A) of migrated leukocytes.RESULTS: Active charcoal propulsion rates of small intestine in the DNCB gavages groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The DAI scores and pathological score in DNCB enema groups were also higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and there were significant rises in LMIF activity in DNCB enemagroups as compared with control groups (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Mouse gastrointestinal DTH reaction could be induced by DNCB, which might facilitate the mechanism underlying the ulcerative colitis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107513)the Key Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.22JR5RA051)+1 种基金the Gansu Province Science and Technology project(No.21JR7RA070)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(No.21YF5FA151).
文摘Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead to the deterioration of soil properties,destroy soil production potential and damage soil ecological functions,which in turn will threaten global water and soil resources and food security,and affect sustainable socio-economic development.Microorganisms are important components of salinized soil.Microbial remediation is an important research tool in improving salinized soil and is key to realizing sustainable development of agriculture and the ecosystem.Knowledge about the impact of salinization on soil properties and measures using microorganisms in remediation of salinized soil has grown over time.However,the mechanisms governing these impacts and the ecological principles for microbial remediation are scarce.Thus,it is imperative to summarize the effects of salinization on soil physical,chemical,and microbial properties,and then review the related mechanisms of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in salinized soil remediation via direct and indirect pathways.The stability,persistence,and safety of the microbial remediation effect is also highlighted in this review to further promote the application of microbial remediation in salinized soil.The objective of this review is to provide reference and theoretical support for the improvement and utilization of salinized soil.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2006204,41776136,2181101213,81991522,and 41876161)。
文摘Comprehensive Summary Seven new kalihinene diterpenoids,kalihioxepanes A-G(1-7)bearing a rare oxepane ring,were isolated from sponge Acanthella cavernosa collected from the South China Sea.The structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis,single crystal X-ray diffraction,and quantum chemical calculation methods.Kalihioxepane A(1)displayed strong cytotoxicity against H69 and K562 tumor cells,while kalihioxepane B(2)showed moderate cytotoxicity against K562 cells.
基金Supported by:the National Naturat Science Foundation of China,No.30371442New Teachers Foundation of Ministry of Education,No. 20070698073
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that astrocytes may possess similar properties to neural stem cells/neural precursor cells and have the potential to differentiate into neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe neuroepithelial stem cell protein （nestin） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression following spinal cord injury, and to explore whether nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells, which are detected at peak levels in gray and white matter around the ependymal region of the central canal in injured spinal cord, possess similar properties of neural stem cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment. The study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases （Xi＇an Jiaotong University）, Ministry of Education between January 2004 and December 2006. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-rat nestin, β-tubulinⅢ, mouse anti-rat GFAP, galactocerebroside （GaLC） antibodies were utilized, as well as flow cytometry. METHODS： A total of 60 male, Sprague Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly assigned to control （n = 12） and model （n = 48） groups. The spinal cord injury model was established in the model group by aneurysm clip compression, while the control animals were not treated. The gray and white matter around the ependymal region of the central canal exhibited peak expression of nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells. These cells were harvested and prepared into single cell suspension, followed by primary and passage cultures. The cells were incubated with serum-containing neural stem cell complete medium. MAINOUTCOME MEASURES： Nestin and GFAP expression in injured spinal cord was determined using immunohistochemistry and double-labeled immunofluorescence at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days post-injury. In addition, cell proliferation and differentiation were detected using immunofluorescence cytochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly increased nestin and GFAP expression （P 〈 0.05�
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50573034 and 20634030)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20090031120020)
文摘Linear polymers bearing the same functional groups as their corresponding adsorbents could be used as models to study the adsorption behaviors.However,the relationships between the data from model study and real adsorption have not been fully interpreted.In this work,three adsorbent(CP1-Zn2+,CP2-Zn2+ and CP3-Zn2+) and their corresponding linear models(P1-Zn2+,P2-Zn2+ and P3-Zn2+) were synthesized.The affinity constants(Ka) between these models and target peptide DFLAE(DE5) were obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC).Adsorption capacities and adsorption affinities were carried out by static adsorption and adsorption isotherm.The qualitative and quantitative relationships between affinity constants from model study and the real adsorption data were explored.This study was significant to bridge the model study with the real adsorption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20634030 & 51003048)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20090031120020) the Fun-damental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘To exploit efficient adsorbents for removing middle molecular peptides containing DFLAE (DE5, a typical peptide sequence accumulated in uremic serum) sequence by hemoperfusion, we designed and synthesized three affinity adsorbents (C1-Zn^2+, C2-Zn^2+ and C3-Zn^2+) that could have high affinity to DE5. Subsequently, we evaluated the corresponding adsorption ability of each adsorbent by static adsorption experiments and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The results showed that C1-Zn^2+ bad the best adsorption ability to DE5-containing peptides and the adsorption capacity for DE5 was 8.52 mg/g. By changing the adsorption conditions, the adsorption mechanism was elucidated. The main driving force of the adsorption is metal-carboxyl coordination and the hydrophobic force affords the cooperative effect. It is expected that our present work can provide basic understanding for the design of adsorbents with high affinity and selectivity towards oligopeptides.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21102136)Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT,No. IRT0944)
文摘We previously isolated a natural product, namely guaiazulene-2,9-dione showing strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio anguillarum, from a gorgonian Muriceides collaris collected in South China Sea. In this experiment, guaiazulene-2,9-dione was quantitatively synthesized with an optimized one-step bromine oxidation method using guaiazulene as the raw material. The key reaction condition including reaction time and temperature, drop rate of bromine, concentration of aqueous THF solution, respective molar ratio of guaiazulene to bromine and acetic acid, and concentration of guaiazulene in aqueous THF solution, were investigated individually at five levels each for optimization. Combined with the verification test to show the absolute yield of each optimization step, the final optimal condition was determined as: when a solution of 0.025 mmol m L-1 guaiazulene in 80% aqueous THF was treated with four volumes of bromine at a drop rate of 0.1 m L min-1 and four volumes of acetic acid at-5℃ for three hours, the yield of guaiazulene-2,9-dione was 23.72%. This was the first report concerning optimized one-step synthesis to provide a convenient method for the large preparation of guaiazulene-2,9-dione.
