Clostridium species,as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut,exert lots of salutary effects on our intestinal homeostasis.Up to now,Clostridium species have been reported to attenuate inflammation and...Clostridium species,as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut,exert lots of salutary effects on our intestinal homeostasis.Up to now,Clostridium species have been reported to attenuate inflammation and allergic diseases effectively owing to their distinctive biological activities.Their cellular components and metabolites,like butyrate,secondary bile acids and indolepropionic acid,play a probiotic role primarily through energizing intestinal epithelial cells,strengthening intestinal barrier and interacting with immune system.In turn,our diets and physical state of body can shape unique pattern of Clostridium species in gut.In view of their salutary performances,Clostridium species have a huge potential as probiotics.However,there are still some nonnegligible risks and challenges in approaching application of them.Given this,this review summarized the researches involved in benefits and potential risks of Clostridium species to our health,in order to develop Clostridium species as novel probiotics for human health and animal production.展开更多
The organoleptic qualities of watermelon fruit are defined by the sugar and organic acid contents,which undergo considerable variations during development and maturation.The molecular mechanisms underlying these varia...The organoleptic qualities of watermelon fruit are defined by the sugar and organic acid contents,which undergo considerable variations during development and maturation.The molecular mechanisms underlying these variations remain unclear.In this study,we used transcriptome profiles to investigate the coexpression patterns of gene networks associated with sugar and organic acid metabolism.We identified 3 gene networks/modules containing 2443 genes highly correlated with sugars and organic acids.Within these modules,based on intramodular significance and Reverse Transcription Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),we identified 7 genes involved in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids.Among these genes,Cla97C01G000640,Cla97C05G087120 and Cla97C01G018840(r^(2)=0.83 with glucose content)were identified as sugar transporters(SWEET,EDR6 and STP)and Cla97C03G064990(r^(2)=0.92 with sucrose content)was identified as a sucrose synthase from information available for other crops.Similarly,Cla97C07G128420,Cla97C03G068240 and Cla97C01G008870,having strong correlations with malic(r^(2)=0.75)and citric acid(r^(2)=0.85),were annotated as malate and citrate transporters(ALMT7,CS,and ICDH).The expression profiles of these 7 genes in diverse watermelon genotypes revealed consistent patterns of expression variation in various types of watermelon.These findings add significantly to our existing knowledge of sugar and organic acid metabolism in watermelon.展开更多
Boron （B） toxicity to plants is responsible for low crop productivity in many regions of the world. Here we report a novel and effective means to alleviate the B toxicity to plants under high B circumstance. Functio...Boron （B） toxicity to plants is responsible for low crop productivity in many regions of the world. Here we report a novel and effective means to alleviate the B toxicity to plants under high B circumstance. Functional characterization of AtTIP5;1, an aquaporin gene, re- vealed that overexpression ofAtTIP5;1 （OxAtT1P5;1） in Arabidopsis significantly increased its tolerance to high B toxicity. Compared to wild-type plants, OxAtTIP5;1 plants exhibited longer hypocotyls, accelerated development, increased silique production under high B treatments. GUS staining and quantitative RT-PCR （qRT-PCR） results demonstrated that the expression of AtTIP5;1 was induced by high B concentration treatment. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the AtTIP5;1-GFP fusion protein was localized on the tonoplast membrane, which was consistent with the prediction based on bioinformatics. Taken together, our results suggest that AtTIP5; 1 is in- volved in B transport pathway possibly via vacuolar compartmentation for B, and that overexpression of AtTIP5;1 in plants may provide an effective way to overcome the problem resulting from high B concentration toxicity.展开更多
There are widespread Mesozoic–Cenozoic terrestrial volcanic activities in East China,and they produced favorable geologic factors for the volcanic reservoirs.To reveal the spatio-temporal evolution of regional volcan...There are widespread Mesozoic–Cenozoic terrestrial volcanic activities in East China,and they produced favorable geologic factors for the volcanic reservoirs.To reveal the spatio-temporal evolution of regional volcanisms and their tectonic setting,we subdivide Mesozoic–Cenozoic volcanic activities into 6 volcanic cycles(Ⅰ–Ⅵ),and summarize the temporal-spatial distribution,rock association and tectonic setting of each cycle.The Cycle I forms a post-orogenic intraplate bimodal volcanic association.The cyclesⅡandⅢinclude arc volcanic associations formed in compressional and extensional subduction environments,respectively.The CycleⅣcontains a post-orogenic arc bimodal association.The CycleⅤis a basaltic association of tholeiite series under initial rift setting,and the CycleⅥis basaltic association of alkaline series under typical rift setting.The volcanic strata between each cycle are bounded by regional unconformity.The above 6 volcanic cycles correspond to 6 sequential stages of tectonic evolutions from the Early Jurassic post-orogeny,the Mid-Jurassic–Cretaceous subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate to the Cenozoic marginal rifting.According to the geological characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in different volcanic cycles,it is put forward that the CycleⅤis the major formation period of volcanic reservoirs in East China and should be the focus of exploration,and that the volcanic reservoirs of the CycleⅣare also worthy of attention.展开更多
The dynamic compression experiments with Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)were performed on AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheet specimens in the normal direction(AZ31-ND)with{0002}texture at the temperature of 293-523 ...The dynamic compression experiments with Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)were performed on AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheet specimens in the normal direction(AZ31-ND)with{0002}texture at the temperature of 293-523 K and the strain rate of 0.001-2200 s^−1.The temperature term in Johnson-Cook(JC)constitutive model had been reasonably modified.This advantage made constitutive model promising for decribing the dynamic deformation behavior of AZ31-ND with{0002}texture more accurately.The obtained true stress-true plastic strain curves agreed well with the measured results in a wide range of strain rates and temperatures.The thermal softeninging,strain and strain rate hardening effect on the AZ31-ND with{0002}texture were discussed.The adiabatic shear band(ASB)of AZ31-ND with{0002}texture hat shaped specimen was successfully predicted by combining modified JC constitutive model and numerical simulation,which was also validated by Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction(EBSD)map under the same boundary condition.展开更多
The dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of an extruded EW75 magnesium alloy deformed at ambient temperature and different high strain rates(from 1000 to 3000 s^(-1))along extrusion direction(ED)we...The dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of an extruded EW75 magnesium alloy deformed at ambient temperature and different high strain rates(from 1000 to 3000 s^(-1))along extrusion direction(ED)were investigated by Split Hopkinson Tension Bar(SHTB).The corresponding deformation mechanisms,texture evolution and microstructure changes were analyzed by optical microscope(OM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the extruded EW75 magnesium alloy along ED exhibits a conventional positive strain rate sensitivity that the dynamic flow stresses increase with in creasing strain rate.Texture measurements show that after dynamic tension,the initial weak texture of extruded EW75 magnesium alloy tansforms to a relatively strong<10-10>//ED texture with increasing strain rates.The microstructural analysis demonstrates that dislocation motion are main deformatin mode to accommodate dynamic tensile deformation at high strain rates.In addition,the interactions of dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-second phase lead to the in crease of flow stress and strain hardening with increasing strain rate.展开更多
Electronic structure and elastic properties of MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)phases were investigated by means of first-principles calculations from CASTEP program based on density functional theory(DFT).The calculate...Electronic structure and elastic properties of MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)phases were investigated by means of first-principles calculations from CASTEP program based on density functional theory(DFT).The calculated lattice parameters were in good agreement with the experimental and literature values.The calculated heats of formation and cohesive energies shown that MgCu_(2)has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability.The elastic constants of MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)phases were calculated,the bulk moduli,shear moduli,Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio were derived.The calculated results shown that MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)are all ductile phases.Among the three phases,MgCu_(2)has the strongest stiffness and the plasticity of MgZn_(2)phase is the best.The density of states(DOS),Mulliken electron occupation number and charge density difference of MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)phases were discussed to analyze the mechanism of structural stability and mechanical properties.展开更多
Water resource is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in central and western Inner Mongolia, where are characteristic by arid and semi-arid climate. Reference crop evapotranspiration （ETo） is an ...Water resource is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in central and western Inner Mongolia, where are characteristic by arid and semi-arid climate. Reference crop evapotranspiration （ETo） is an important part of water cycle in agricultural ecosystem, which has a direct effect on crop growth and yield. The implications of climate change on ETo are of high importance for agriculture regarding water management and irrigation scheduling. The aim of this study was to analyze the variations in climate and its effect on ETo in central and western Inner Mongolia over the period 1961 to 2009 For this purpose, data in ten meteorological stations across study area were collected and the FAO Penman-Monteith 56 method was used. Results showed that the average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature increased by 0.49~C, 0.31~C and 0.70~C per decade during 1961-2009, respectively. In comparison, the daily temperature range decreased by 0.38~C per decade. The air relative humidity, sunshine hour, and 10-m wind speed decreased generally by 0.58%, 40.11 h, and 0.35 rrds per decade, respectively. Annual mean ETo decreased significantly at a rate of 12.2 mm per decade over the periods, this was mainly due to the decrease in wind speed in the study area. The decrease in wind speed may balance the effect of the increase in air temperature on ETo. Variations in spatial distribution of ETo and its main controlling factor were also detected among ten stations. Our results suggested that spatial and temporal distribution of ETo should be considered regarding the optimization of water resource management for agriculture in central and western Inner Mongolia under foreseen climate change.展开更多
Polarization underwater imaging is of great potential to target detection in turbid water. Typical methods are challenged by the requirement on degrees of polarization(Do Ps) of both target light and backscattering. A...Polarization underwater imaging is of great potential to target detection in turbid water. Typical methods are challenged by the requirement on degrees of polarization(Do Ps) of both target light and backscattering. A polarization descattering imaging method was developed using the Mueller matrix, which in turn derived a depolarization(Dep) index from the Mueller matrix to characterize scattering media by estimating the transmittance map by combining a developed optimal function.By quantifying light attenuation with the transmittance map, a clear vision of targets can be recovered. Only using the information of scattering media, the underwater vision under diverse water turbidity was enhanced by the results of experimental data.展开更多
Background： Resveratrol, an important phyto-antioxidant commonly found in grapes, mulberry, and other plants,has a variety of functions including anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In the curre...Background： Resveratrol, an important phyto-antioxidant commonly found in grapes, mulberry, and other plants,has a variety of functions including anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, we investigated the beneficial effects of resveratrol on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation under heat stress（HS）. The effect of resveratrol, melatonin and their combination on alleviating HS was compared according to the maturation rate of oocytes and the development competence of embryos after parthenogenetic activation（PA）.Results： Supplementation with resveratrol（2.0 μmol/L） not only improved the nuclear maturation but also raised the blastocyst rate of porcine embryos＇ PA from oocytes that underwent HS by increasing their glutathione（GSH）level, reducing reactive oxygen species（ROS） and up-regulating the expression of Sirtuin 1（SIRT1）. It was also found that melatonin（10^-7mol/L） and the combination of resveratrol（2.0 μmol/L） plus melatonin（10^-7mol/L） exhibited more potent effects than resveratrol alone regarding their protective activities on oocyte maturation under HS.Conclusions： This study compared the efficiencies of resveratrol, melatonin and their combination for protecting porcine oocytes from heat stress. The mechanisms are attributed to the fact that each treatment may have different ability to regulate the synthesis of steroid hormones and the expression of mature related genes.展开更多
This study reviews the recent advances in data-driven polarimetric imaging technologies based on a wide range of practical applications.The widespread international research and activity in polarimetric imaging techni...This study reviews the recent advances in data-driven polarimetric imaging technologies based on a wide range of practical applications.The widespread international research and activity in polarimetric imaging techniques demonstrate their broad applications and interest.Polarization information is increasingly incorporated into convolutional neural networks(CNN)as a supplemental feature of objects to improve performance in computer vision task applications.Polarimetric imaging and deep learning can extract abundant information to address various challenges.Therefore,this article briefly reviews recent developments in data-driven polarimetric imaging,including polarimetric descattering,3D imaging,reflection removal,target detection,and biomedical imaging.Furthermore,we synthetically analyze the input,datasets,and loss functions and list the existing datasets and loss functions with an evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages.We also highlight the significance of data-driven polarimetric imaging in future research and development.展开更多
This paper presents a polarization descattering imaging method for underwater detection in which the targets have nonuniform polarization characteristics. The core of this method takes the nonuniform distribution of t...This paper presents a polarization descattering imaging method for underwater detection in which the targets have nonuniform polarization characteristics. The core of this method takes the nonuniform distribution of the polarization information of the target-reflected light into account and expands the application field of underwater polarization imaging.Independent component analysis was used to separate the target light and backscattered light. Theoretical analysis and proof-of-concept experiments were employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating target information. The proposed method showed superiority in accurately estimating the target information compared with other polarization imaging methods.展开更多
Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly...Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):Perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers),is introduced into the interface between perovskite and hole transporting layer in regular-structured PSCs.PEDOT:F serves as a multi-functional interface layer(filling grain boundaries and covering perovskite's grain-surface)to achieve a robust interaction with organic groups within perovskites,which could induce a structural transformation of PEDOT to increase its conductivity for the efficient hole-transport.Furthermore,the strong interaction between PEDOT and perovskites could promote an effective coupling of undercoordinated Pb~(2+)ions with the lone electron pairs near O&S atoms in PEDOT molecules,thereby enhancing defect passivation.Additionally,PEDOT:F with inherent hydrophobic properties prevents effectively moisture invasion into perovskites for the improved long-term stability of the PSCs.Consequently,the PEDOT:F-based PSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 24.81%,and maintained ca.92%of their initial efficiency after 7680 h of storage in a dry air environment,accompanied by the enhanced photothermal stability.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0500601 and 2017YFD0500501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930106,31829004 and 31722054)+2 种基金the Beijing Nova Programme Interdisciplinary Cooperation Project(xxjc201804)the 111 Project(B16044)and the Developmental Fund for Animal Science by Shenzhen Jinxinnong Feed Co.,Ltd.
文摘Clostridium species,as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut,exert lots of salutary effects on our intestinal homeostasis.Up to now,Clostridium species have been reported to attenuate inflammation and allergic diseases effectively owing to their distinctive biological activities.Their cellular components and metabolites,like butyrate,secondary bile acids and indolepropionic acid,play a probiotic role primarily through energizing intestinal epithelial cells,strengthening intestinal barrier and interacting with immune system.In turn,our diets and physical state of body can shape unique pattern of Clostridium species in gut.In view of their salutary performances,Clostridium species have a huge potential as probiotics.However,there are still some nonnegligible risks and challenges in approaching application of them.Given this,this review summarized the researches involved in benefits and potential risks of Clostridium species to our health,in order to develop Clostridium species as novel probiotics for human health and animal production.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-ZFRI)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0100704)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-25-03)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[31672178&31471893]Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(202102110197).
文摘The organoleptic qualities of watermelon fruit are defined by the sugar and organic acid contents,which undergo considerable variations during development and maturation.The molecular mechanisms underlying these variations remain unclear.In this study,we used transcriptome profiles to investigate the coexpression patterns of gene networks associated with sugar and organic acid metabolism.We identified 3 gene networks/modules containing 2443 genes highly correlated with sugars and organic acids.Within these modules,based on intramodular significance and Reverse Transcription Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),we identified 7 genes involved in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids.Among these genes,Cla97C01G000640,Cla97C05G087120 and Cla97C01G018840(r^(2)=0.83 with glucose content)were identified as sugar transporters(SWEET,EDR6 and STP)and Cla97C03G064990(r^(2)=0.92 with sucrose content)was identified as a sucrose synthase from information available for other crops.Similarly,Cla97C07G128420,Cla97C03G068240 and Cla97C01G008870,having strong correlations with malic(r^(2)=0.75)and citric acid(r^(2)=0.85),were annotated as malate and citrate transporters(ALMT7,CS,and ICDH).The expression profiles of these 7 genes in diverse watermelon genotypes revealed consistent patterns of expression variation in various types of watermelon.These findings add significantly to our existing knowledge of sugar and organic acid metabolism in watermelon.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2006CB100100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30370129 and 30770188)the ‘111 Project’ (No. B06003)
文摘Boron （B） toxicity to plants is responsible for low crop productivity in many regions of the world. Here we report a novel and effective means to alleviate the B toxicity to plants under high B circumstance. Functional characterization of AtTIP5;1, an aquaporin gene, re- vealed that overexpression ofAtTIP5;1 （OxAtT1P5;1） in Arabidopsis significantly increased its tolerance to high B toxicity. Compared to wild-type plants, OxAtTIP5;1 plants exhibited longer hypocotyls, accelerated development, increased silique production under high B treatments. GUS staining and quantitative RT-PCR （qRT-PCR） results demonstrated that the expression of AtTIP5;1 was induced by high B concentration treatment. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the AtTIP5;1-GFP fusion protein was localized on the tonoplast membrane, which was consistent with the prediction based on bioinformatics. Taken together, our results suggest that AtTIP5; 1 is in- volved in B transport pathway possibly via vacuolar compartmentation for B, and that overexpression of AtTIP5;1 in plants may provide an effective way to overcome the problem resulting from high B concentration toxicity.
基金supported by the State Key R&D Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2016YFC06002010).
文摘There are widespread Mesozoic–Cenozoic terrestrial volcanic activities in East China,and they produced favorable geologic factors for the volcanic reservoirs.To reveal the spatio-temporal evolution of regional volcanisms and their tectonic setting,we subdivide Mesozoic–Cenozoic volcanic activities into 6 volcanic cycles(Ⅰ–Ⅵ),and summarize the temporal-spatial distribution,rock association and tectonic setting of each cycle.The Cycle I forms a post-orogenic intraplate bimodal volcanic association.The cyclesⅡandⅢinclude arc volcanic associations formed in compressional and extensional subduction environments,respectively.The CycleⅣcontains a post-orogenic arc bimodal association.The CycleⅤis a basaltic association of tholeiite series under initial rift setting,and the CycleⅥis basaltic association of alkaline series under typical rift setting.The volcanic strata between each cycle are bounded by regional unconformity.The above 6 volcanic cycles correspond to 6 sequential stages of tectonic evolutions from the Early Jurassic post-orogeny,the Mid-Jurassic–Cretaceous subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate to the Cenozoic marginal rifting.According to the geological characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in different volcanic cycles,it is put forward that the CycleⅤis the major formation period of volcanic reservoirs in East China and should be the focus of exploration,and that the volcanic reservoirs of the CycleⅣare also worthy of attention.
基金This work was supported by Surface of the State Natural Science Fund Projects(No.51571145)City of Ningbo“science and technology innovation 2025”major special project(new energy vehicle lightweight magnesium alloy material precision forming technology).
文摘The dynamic compression experiments with Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)were performed on AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheet specimens in the normal direction(AZ31-ND)with{0002}texture at the temperature of 293-523 K and the strain rate of 0.001-2200 s^−1.The temperature term in Johnson-Cook(JC)constitutive model had been reasonably modified.This advantage made constitutive model promising for decribing the dynamic deformation behavior of AZ31-ND with{0002}texture more accurately.The obtained true stress-true plastic strain curves agreed well with the measured results in a wide range of strain rates and temperatures.The thermal softeninging,strain and strain rate hardening effect on the AZ31-ND with{0002}texture were discussed.The adiabatic shear band(ASB)of AZ31-ND with{0002}texture hat shaped specimen was successfully predicted by combining modified JC constitutive model and numerical simulation,which was also validated by Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction(EBSD)map under the same boundary condition.
基金The authors would like to thank Professor Kui Zhang,Beijing General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal,for providing EW75 magnesium alloy for this work and acknowledge the funding from the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.17KJD430006)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Foundation of Wuxi Institute of Technology(No.30593118001)Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Institute of Technology(No.ZK201901).The help of EBSD experiment provided by Yukyung Shin from Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of an extruded EW75 magnesium alloy deformed at ambient temperature and different high strain rates(from 1000 to 3000 s^(-1))along extrusion direction(ED)were investigated by Split Hopkinson Tension Bar(SHTB).The corresponding deformation mechanisms,texture evolution and microstructure changes were analyzed by optical microscope(OM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the extruded EW75 magnesium alloy along ED exhibits a conventional positive strain rate sensitivity that the dynamic flow stresses increase with in creasing strain rate.Texture measurements show that after dynamic tension,the initial weak texture of extruded EW75 magnesium alloy tansforms to a relatively strong<10-10>//ED texture with increasing strain rates.The microstructural analysis demonstrates that dislocation motion are main deformatin mode to accommodate dynamic tensile deformation at high strain rates.In addition,the interactions of dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-second phase lead to the in crease of flow stress and strain hardening with increasing strain rate.
基金This work is supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2011BAE22B00)Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University.
文摘Electronic structure and elastic properties of MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)phases were investigated by means of first-principles calculations from CASTEP program based on density functional theory(DFT).The calculated lattice parameters were in good agreement with the experimental and literature values.The calculated heats of formation and cohesive energies shown that MgCu_(2)has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability.The elastic constants of MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)phases were calculated,the bulk moduli,shear moduli,Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio were derived.The calculated results shown that MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)are all ductile phases.Among the three phases,MgCu_(2)has the strongest stiffness and the plasticity of MgZn_(2)phase is the best.The density of states(DOS),Mulliken electron occupation number and charge density difference of MgCu_(2),Mg_(2)Ca and MgZn_(2)phases were discussed to analyze the mechanism of structural stability and mechanical properties.
文摘Water resource is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in central and western Inner Mongolia, where are characteristic by arid and semi-arid climate. Reference crop evapotranspiration （ETo） is an important part of water cycle in agricultural ecosystem, which has a direct effect on crop growth and yield. The implications of climate change on ETo are of high importance for agriculture regarding water management and irrigation scheduling. The aim of this study was to analyze the variations in climate and its effect on ETo in central and western Inner Mongolia over the period 1961 to 2009 For this purpose, data in ten meteorological stations across study area were collected and the FAO Penman-Monteith 56 method was used. Results showed that the average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature increased by 0.49~C, 0.31~C and 0.70~C per decade during 1961-2009, respectively. In comparison, the daily temperature range decreased by 0.38~C per decade. The air relative humidity, sunshine hour, and 10-m wind speed decreased generally by 0.58%, 40.11 h, and 0.35 rrds per decade, respectively. Annual mean ETo decreased significantly at a rate of 12.2 mm per decade over the periods, this was mainly due to the decrease in wind speed in the study area. The decrease in wind speed may balance the effect of the increase in air temperature on ETo. Variations in spatial distribution of ETo and its main controlling factor were also detected among ten stations. Our results suggested that spatial and temporal distribution of ETo should be considered regarding the optimization of water resource management for agriculture in central and western Inner Mongolia under foreseen climate change.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.62075175 and 62005203)the Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Polarization underwater imaging is of great potential to target detection in turbid water. Typical methods are challenged by the requirement on degrees of polarization(Do Ps) of both target light and backscattering. A polarization descattering imaging method was developed using the Mueller matrix, which in turn derived a depolarization(Dep) index from the Mueller matrix to characterize scattering media by estimating the transmittance map by combining a developed optimal function.By quantifying light attenuation with the transmittance map, a clear vision of targets can be recovered. Only using the information of scattering media, the underwater vision under diverse water turbidity was enhanced by the results of experimental data.
基金supported by programs for the 973 National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138505)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition (2004DA115184F1415)
文摘Background： Resveratrol, an important phyto-antioxidant commonly found in grapes, mulberry, and other plants,has a variety of functions including anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, we investigated the beneficial effects of resveratrol on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation under heat stress（HS）. The effect of resveratrol, melatonin and their combination on alleviating HS was compared according to the maturation rate of oocytes and the development competence of embryos after parthenogenetic activation（PA）.Results： Supplementation with resveratrol（2.0 μmol/L） not only improved the nuclear maturation but also raised the blastocyst rate of porcine embryos＇ PA from oocytes that underwent HS by increasing their glutathione（GSH）level, reducing reactive oxygen species（ROS） and up-regulating the expression of Sirtuin 1（SIRT1）. It was also found that melatonin（10^-7mol/L） and the combination of resveratrol（2.0 μmol/L） plus melatonin（10^-7mol/L） exhibited more potent effects than resveratrol alone regarding their protective activities on oocyte maturation under HS.Conclusions： This study compared the efficiencies of resveratrol, melatonin and their combination for protecting porcine oocytes from heat stress. The mechanisms are attributed to the fact that each treatment may have different ability to regulate the synthesis of steroid hormones and the expression of mature related genes.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62205259,62075175,61975254,62375212,62005203 and 62105254)the Open Research Fund of CAS Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology(No.B022420004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ZYTS23125).
文摘This study reviews the recent advances in data-driven polarimetric imaging technologies based on a wide range of practical applications.The widespread international research and activity in polarimetric imaging techniques demonstrate their broad applications and interest.Polarization information is increasingly incorporated into convolutional neural networks(CNN)as a supplemental feature of objects to improve performance in computer vision task applications.Polarimetric imaging and deep learning can extract abundant information to address various challenges.Therefore,this article briefly reviews recent developments in data-driven polarimetric imaging,including polarimetric descattering,3D imaging,reflection removal,target detection,and biomedical imaging.Furthermore,we synthetically analyze the input,datasets,and loss functions and list the existing datasets and loss functions with an evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages.We also highlight the significance of data-driven polarimetric imaging in future research and development.
基金This work was supported by the Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QC20191097)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.62075175 and 62005203).
文摘This paper presents a polarization descattering imaging method for underwater detection in which the targets have nonuniform polarization characteristics. The core of this method takes the nonuniform distribution of the polarization information of the target-reflected light into account and expands the application field of underwater polarization imaging.Independent component analysis was used to separate the target light and backscattered light. Theoretical analysis and proof-of-concept experiments were employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating target information. The proposed method showed superiority in accurately estimating the target information compared with other polarization imaging methods.
基金supported by the Science Foundation(K201827)the Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition(202103,202206)the Graduate Education Innovation Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology(CX2023279,CX2023277,CX2023272)。
文摘Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):Perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers),is introduced into the interface between perovskite and hole transporting layer in regular-structured PSCs.PEDOT:F serves as a multi-functional interface layer(filling grain boundaries and covering perovskite's grain-surface)to achieve a robust interaction with organic groups within perovskites,which could induce a structural transformation of PEDOT to increase its conductivity for the efficient hole-transport.Furthermore,the strong interaction between PEDOT and perovskites could promote an effective coupling of undercoordinated Pb~(2+)ions with the lone electron pairs near O&S atoms in PEDOT molecules,thereby enhancing defect passivation.Additionally,PEDOT:F with inherent hydrophobic properties prevents effectively moisture invasion into perovskites for the improved long-term stability of the PSCs.Consequently,the PEDOT:F-based PSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 24.81%,and maintained ca.92%of their initial efficiency after 7680 h of storage in a dry air environment,accompanied by the enhanced photothermal stability.
