In 2016 and 2017 an outbreak of the Zika virus</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in new locales shocked populations</span&...In 2016 and 2017 an outbreak of the Zika virus</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in new locales shocked populations</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">into awareness of the disease and of its imputed ability to cause serious fetal abnormalities, particularly microcephaly. There was a major reduction in travel by people of child-bearing age. But the temporary regression in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spread, and preoccupation with COVID-19, seem to have overshadowed concern about Zika virus. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we conducted an online survey of 157 high-school students from four schools in different parts of the United States regarding their knowledge, practices, and attitudes about Zika virus. The mean age of the respondents was 16.4 </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">±</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1.1 years, 55% were girls, and 60% attended public (rather than private) schools. Most students (70%) had taken no steps to prevent Zika, but said they would tell their parents or a physician if they were exposed. They relied primarily on school and the internet (76% and 72%, respectively) as trusted sources of information about the virus. The majority (73%) said they would spend some time to learn more about Zika;girls exhibited more concern than did boys. Half (50%) of respondents knew the signs and symptoms of Zika, but only 20% knew all the ways Zika could be transmitted and 31% why Zika prevention was crucial for pregnant women and their partners. The results of this study suggest that comprehensive national preventive healthcare educational programs are needed.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Introduction:</strong></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verda...<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Introduction:</strong></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The inflammatory mechanisms of COVID-19 suggest that corticosteroids may be beneficial, but their benefits must outweigh their potential risks. The RECOVERY trial results suggest that dexamethasone 6 mg/day </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(but not other steroids) may confer mortality benefits on ventilated COVID-19 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This is a narrative review of the literature about the use of ciclesonide and dexamethasone for COVID-19 patients. Literature is being created rapidly and this review is offered as a state-of-the-science narration.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus whose RNA is transcribed via open reading frames, making its elimination difficult. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple strategies for proteolytic activation of the spike;viral replication occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. In this connection, the RNA-cleaving endoribonuclease (NSP-15 also known as EndoU) may play a key role by facilitating viral double-stranded RNA recognition by the host’s macrophages. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Furthermore, the virus is able to undergo RNA recombination rapidly,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> enabling it to evade host immunity and develop drug resistance. Cicleson展开更多
文摘In 2016 and 2017 an outbreak of the Zika virus</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in new locales shocked populations</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">into awareness of the disease and of its imputed ability to cause serious fetal abnormalities, particularly microcephaly. There was a major reduction in travel by people of child-bearing age. But the temporary regression in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spread, and preoccupation with COVID-19, seem to have overshadowed concern about Zika virus. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we conducted an online survey of 157 high-school students from four schools in different parts of the United States regarding their knowledge, practices, and attitudes about Zika virus. The mean age of the respondents was 16.4 </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">±</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1.1 years, 55% were girls, and 60% attended public (rather than private) schools. Most students (70%) had taken no steps to prevent Zika, but said they would tell their parents or a physician if they were exposed. They relied primarily on school and the internet (76% and 72%, respectively) as trusted sources of information about the virus. The majority (73%) said they would spend some time to learn more about Zika;girls exhibited more concern than did boys. Half (50%) of respondents knew the signs and symptoms of Zika, but only 20% knew all the ways Zika could be transmitted and 31% why Zika prevention was crucial for pregnant women and their partners. The results of this study suggest that comprehensive national preventive healthcare educational programs are needed.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Introduction:</strong></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The inflammatory mechanisms of COVID-19 suggest that corticosteroids may be beneficial, but their benefits must outweigh their potential risks. The RECOVERY trial results suggest that dexamethasone 6 mg/day </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(but not other steroids) may confer mortality benefits on ventilated COVID-19 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This is a narrative review of the literature about the use of ciclesonide and dexamethasone for COVID-19 patients. Literature is being created rapidly and this review is offered as a state-of-the-science narration.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus whose RNA is transcribed via open reading frames, making its elimination difficult. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple strategies for proteolytic activation of the spike;viral replication occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. In this connection, the RNA-cleaving endoribonuclease (NSP-15 also known as EndoU) may play a key role by facilitating viral double-stranded RNA recognition by the host’s macrophages. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Furthermore, the virus is able to undergo RNA recombination rapidly,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> enabling it to evade host immunity and develop drug resistance. Cicleson
