Sustainable and resilient pavement infrastructure is critical for current economic and environmental challenges.In the past 10 years,the pavement infrastructure strongly supports the rapid development of the global so...Sustainable and resilient pavement infrastructure is critical for current economic and environmental challenges.In the past 10 years,the pavement infrastructure strongly supports the rapid development of the global social economy.New theories,new methods,new technologies and new materials related to pavement engineering are emerging.Deterioration of pavement infrastructure is a typical multi-physics problem.Because of actual coupled behaviors of traffic and environmental conditions,predictions of pavement service life become more and more complicated and require a deep knowledge of pavement material analysis.In order to summarize the current and determine the future research of pavement engineering,Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition)has launched a review paper on the topic of"New innovations in pavement materials and engineering:A review on pavement engineering research 2021".Based on the joint-effort of 43 scholars from 24 well-known universities in highway engineering,this review paper systematically analyzes the research status and future development direction of 5 major fields of pavement engineering in the world.The content includes asphalt binder performance and modeling,mixture performance and modeling of pavement materials,multi-scale mechanics,green and sustainable pavement,and intelligent pavement.Overall,this review paper is able to provide references and insights for researchers and engineers in the field of pavement engineering.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is a potential energy storage technology with high energy density and low cost. However, the gap between theoretical expectation and practical performance limits its wide implementation. H...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is a potential energy storage technology with high energy density and low cost. However, the gap between theoretical expectation and practical performance limits its wide implementation. Herein, we report a nitrogen-doped porous carbon derived from biomass pomelo peel as sulfur host material for Li-S batteries. The hierarchical porous architecture and the polar surface introduced by N-doping render a favorable combination of physical and chemical sulfur confinements as well as an expedite electron/ion transfer, thus contributing to a facilitated and stabilized sulfur electrochemistry. As a result, the corresponding sulfur composite electrodes exhibit an ultrahigh initial capacity of 1534.6 mAh g^-1, high coulombic efficiency over 98% upon 300 cycles, and decent rate capability up to 2 C. This work provides an economical and effective strategy for the fabrication of advanced carbonaceous sulfur host material as well as the significant improvement of Li-S battery performance.展开更多
Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves,which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals;however,the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear.In identif...Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves,which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals;however,the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear.In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet,we have made a major advancement by explaining the genome of sika deer.We generated the first high-quality,chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments.Comparative genome analyses showed that the UGT and CYP gene families are functionally involved in the adaptation of sika deer to high-tannin food,especially the expansion of the UGT family 2 subfamily B of UGT genes.The first chromosome-level assembly and genetic characterization of the tolerance to a highly toxic diet suggest that the sika deer genome may serve as an essential resource for understanding evolutionary events and tannin adaptation.Our study provides a paradigm of comparative expressive genomics that can be applied to the study of unique biological features in non-model animals.展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 3...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting capable of reducing and oxidizing water into hydrogen and oxygen in a generation mode of spatial separation has gained extensive popularity.In order to effectively produce hydr...Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting capable of reducing and oxidizing water into hydrogen and oxygen in a generation mode of spatial separation has gained extensive popularity.In order to effectively produce hydrogen at the photocathode of a PEC cell,the photoanode,where the oxygen evolution reaction occurs,should be systematically developed on priority.In particular,WO3 has been identified as one of the most promising photoanode materials owing to its narrow band gap and high valence band position.Its practical implementation,however,is still limited by excessive electron–hole recombination and poor water oxidation kinetics.This review presents the various strategies that have been studied for enhancing the PEC water oxidation performance of WO3,such as controlling the morphology,introducing defects,constructing a heterojunction,loading a cocatalyst,and exploiting the plasmonic effect.In addition,the possible future research directions are presented.展开更多
This work addresses the critical issue of current density distribution in the sliding electrical contact interface based on electromechanical coupling, which is essential for minimizing damage and enhancing performanc...This work addresses the critical issue of current density distribution in the sliding electrical contact interface based on electromechanical coupling, which is essential for minimizing damage and enhancing performance. Using electromechanical coupling analysis and finite element analysis (FEA), the effects of initial contact pressure, pulse current input, and armature speed on current density are examined. Key findings indicate that optimizing the convex rail and armature structures significantly reduces peak current density, improving uniformity and reducing damage. These optimizations enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and service life of sliding electrical contact interfaces, providing a theoretical foundation for designing more durable and efficient high-current-density applications.展开更多
基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1600200,2021YFB1600200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51608457,51778038,51808016,51808403,51908057,51908072,51908165,51908331,52008029,52008069,52078018,52078025,52078049,52078209,52108403,52122809,52178417)+9 种基金Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Individual Fellowships of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 programme(No.101024139)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.JJ2020ZD0015)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.BX20180088)Research Capability Enhancement Program for Young Professors of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(No.02080921021)Young Scholars of Beijing Talent Program(No.02082721009)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation and Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KZ201910016017)German Research Foundation(No.OE 514/15-1(459436571))Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020kfyXJJS127)Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Individual Fellowships of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Programme(No.101030767)Research Fund for High Level Talent Program(No.22120210108)。
文摘Sustainable and resilient pavement infrastructure is critical for current economic and environmental challenges.In the past 10 years,the pavement infrastructure strongly supports the rapid development of the global social economy.New theories,new methods,new technologies and new materials related to pavement engineering are emerging.Deterioration of pavement infrastructure is a typical multi-physics problem.Because of actual coupled behaviors of traffic and environmental conditions,predictions of pavement service life become more and more complicated and require a deep knowledge of pavement material analysis.In order to summarize the current and determine the future research of pavement engineering,Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition)has launched a review paper on the topic of"New innovations in pavement materials and engineering:A review on pavement engineering research 2021".Based on the joint-effort of 43 scholars from 24 well-known universities in highway engineering,this review paper systematically analyzes the research status and future development direction of 5 major fields of pavement engineering in the world.The content includes asphalt binder performance and modeling,mixture performance and modeling of pavement materials,multi-scale mechanics,green and sustainable pavement,and intelligent pavement.Overall,this review paper is able to provide references and insights for researchers and engineers in the field of pavement engineering.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No. L182062)the Beijing Nova program (Z171100001117077)+5 种基金the Yue Qi Young Scholar Project of China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing) (No. 2017QN17)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2014QJ02)the program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (Nos. 20190201309JC and 20190101009JH)the Project of Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province (No. 2019C042-1)the support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)the University of Waterloo.
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is a potential energy storage technology with high energy density and low cost. However, the gap between theoretical expectation and practical performance limits its wide implementation. Herein, we report a nitrogen-doped porous carbon derived from biomass pomelo peel as sulfur host material for Li-S batteries. The hierarchical porous architecture and the polar surface introduced by N-doping render a favorable combination of physical and chemical sulfur confinements as well as an expedite electron/ion transfer, thus contributing to a facilitated and stabilized sulfur electrochemistry. As a result, the corresponding sulfur composite electrodes exhibit an ultrahigh initial capacity of 1534.6 mAh g^-1, high coulombic efficiency over 98% upon 300 cycles, and decent rate capability up to 2 C. This work provides an economical and effective strategy for the fabrication of advanced carbonaceous sulfur host material as well as the significant improvement of Li-S battery performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0502204)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2019-ISAPS)+1 种基金the Special Animal Genetic Resources Platform of National Scientific and Technical Infrastructure Center(Grant No.NSTIC TZDWZYK2019)the Sika deer Genome Project of China(Grant No.20140309016YY).
文摘Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves,which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals;however,the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear.In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet,we have made a major advancement by explaining the genome of sika deer.We generated the first high-quality,chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments.Comparative genome analyses showed that the UGT and CYP gene families are functionally involved in the adaptation of sika deer to high-tannin food,especially the expansion of the UGT family 2 subfamily B of UGT genes.The first chromosome-level assembly and genetic characterization of the tolerance to a highly toxic diet suggest that the sika deer genome may serve as an essential resource for understanding evolutionary events and tannin adaptation.Our study provides a paradigm of comparative expressive genomics that can be applied to the study of unique biological features in non-model animals.
基金support from diverse funding sources,including the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Yifang Wang's Science Studio of the Ten Thousand Talents Project,the CAS Key Foreign Cooperation Grant,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,the CAS Focused Science Grant,the IHEP Innovation Grant,the CAS Lead Special Training Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the CAS International Partnership Program,and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21808189, 21663027)the Science and Technology Support Project of Gansu Province (1504GKCA027)+2 种基金the Program for Innovative Research Team (NWNULKQN-15-2)the Opening Project of Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control (GKLECPC-12)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institutes of High Education (LYJ18205)~~
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting capable of reducing and oxidizing water into hydrogen and oxygen in a generation mode of spatial separation has gained extensive popularity.In order to effectively produce hydrogen at the photocathode of a PEC cell,the photoanode,where the oxygen evolution reaction occurs,should be systematically developed on priority.In particular,WO3 has been identified as one of the most promising photoanode materials owing to its narrow band gap and high valence band position.Its practical implementation,however,is still limited by excessive electron–hole recombination and poor water oxidation kinetics.This review presents the various strategies that have been studied for enhancing the PEC water oxidation performance of WO3,such as controlling the morphology,introducing defects,constructing a heterojunction,loading a cocatalyst,and exploiting the plasmonic effect.In addition,the possible future research directions are presented.
文摘This work addresses the critical issue of current density distribution in the sliding electrical contact interface based on electromechanical coupling, which is essential for minimizing damage and enhancing performance. Using electromechanical coupling analysis and finite element analysis (FEA), the effects of initial contact pressure, pulse current input, and armature speed on current density are examined. Key findings indicate that optimizing the convex rail and armature structures significantly reduces peak current density, improving uniformity and reducing damage. These optimizations enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and service life of sliding electrical contact interfaces, providing a theoretical foundation for designing more durable and efficient high-current-density applications.
