The influence of steel slag,a by-product from the processing of iron to steel,on the hydration of cement during the hydration process of complex binder was studied by calorimetry,X-ray diffraction analysis,and Ca(OH)2...The influence of steel slag,a by-product from the processing of iron to steel,on the hydration of cement during the hydration process of complex binder was studied by calorimetry,X-ray diffraction analysis,and Ca(OH)2 content determination.The results show that steel slag and cement affect each other’s hydration by changing the hydration environment.Steel slag does not react with the hydration products of cement.The dormant period of cement-steel slag complex binder during the hydration is longer than that of cement.The more the adding amount of steel slag is,the longer the dormant period of complex binder will be.The steel slag decreases the early hydration rate of cement.This phenomenon is more obvious with the increment of steel slag addition.However,the steel slag can promote the hydration degree of cement at later ages and the promoting effect becomes more obvious with the increment of steel slag addition and the hydration ages.展开更多
Background Infancy is a critical period of growth and physiological development,in which breast milk is the best source of nutrients.Compared to western countries,research on breast milk of Chinese population are limi...Background Infancy is a critical period of growth and physiological development,in which breast milk is the best source of nutrients.Compared to western countries,research on breast milk of Chinese population are limited.Thus,it is necessary to measure breast milk energy and macronutrient concentrations of healthy urban Chinese mothers at different lactation stages,to expand the database of milk composition of Chinese population,and to examine whether dietary or other maternal factors can affect the levels of macronutrients in breast milk.Methods Breast milk of full expression of one side breast from 436 urban Chinese lactating mothers at 5-11 days,12-30 days,31-60 days,61-120 days,and 121-240 days postpartum was obtained at 9：00 a.m.to 11：00 a.m.Total energy,lactose,protein,and fat contents were measured.24-hour dietary recall was surveyed,and maternal nutrient intakes were analyzed.Results Milk composition changed over the course of lactation and large individual variations were documented.The concentrations were 61.3 kcal/dl for total energy,7.1 g/dl for lactose,0.9 g/dl for protein,and 3.4 g/dl for fat in mature milk.Stage of lactation was a strong factor affecting milk composition.Minimal evidence was found for associations between maternal current dietary intake and milk macronutrient concentration,consistently with prior research.Maternal body mass index （BMI） was positively associated with milk fat content,to a greater extent than did dietary intake.All other maternal characteristics were not significant for milk composition.Conclusion These findings suggest that milk composition is generally weakly associated with maternal factors except for stage of lactation,and is likely to be more susceptible to long-term maternal nutritional status than short-term dietary fluctuation.展开更多
The geomagnetic data recorded by Kashi and Jinghai observatories in China were analyzed with improved polarization method. We compared the result around 0.01 Hz which is thought to be useful to detect the ULF anomaly ...The geomagnetic data recorded by Kashi and Jinghai observatories in China were analyzed with improved polarization method. We compared the result around 0.01 Hz which is thought to be useful to detect the ULF anomaly with the result around 0.1 Hz which was inferred from the earthquake depth according to the skin effect, and found that 0.1 Hz is more proper to detect the ULF anomaly for both earthquakes studied in this paper.展开更多
The influences of different alkaline conditions on the kinds and morphologies of steel slag＇s hydration products, Ca（OH）2 con- tent of hydration products, pore stiucture of hardened paste, non-evaporable water cont...The influences of different alkaline conditions on the kinds and morphologies of steel slag＇s hydration products, Ca（OH）2 con- tent of hydration products, pore stiucture of hardened paste, non-evaporable water content of hydration products, and strength of steel slag mortar were investigated by changing the initial alkalinity of the hydration condition of steel slag. The results showed that increasing the initial alkalinity of hydration condition can promote the early hydration of steel slag＇s active com- ponents （e,g., C2S, C3S, and C12A7）, but it has little influence on their late-age hydration degree. The hydration degree of non-active components （e.g., RO phase and Fe304） of steel slag is very low even under strong alkaline condition with pH value of 13.8. The excitation effect of alkaline condition on the early hydration of steel slag is more obvious with the increase of pH value, but the kinds of steel slag＇s hydration products are not influenced by changing the alkaline condition. The amount of steel slag＇s hydration products is limited, so the strength of alkali-activated steel slag mortar is very low though the strong al- kaline condition significantly promotes the early hydration of steel slag. Steel slag is not an ideal raw material for alka- li-activated cementitious material.展开更多
The Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water source for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. Thus, its water quality status is of great concern. Five water quality indicators （dissolved ...The Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water source for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. Thus, its water quality status is of great concern. Five water quality indicators （dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus）, were measured at three monitoring sites （the Danjiangkou Reservoir dam, the Hejiawan and the Jiangbei bridge）, to investigate changing trends, and spatiotemporal characteristics of water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area from January 2006 to May 2012. We then applied a Bayesian statistical method to evaluate the water quality comprehensively. The normal distribution sampling method was used to calculate likelihood, and the entropy weight method was used to determine indicator weights for variables of interest in to the study. The results indicated that concentrations of all five indicators increased during the last six years. In addition, the water quality in the reservoir was worse during the wet season （from May to October）, than during the dry season （from November to April of the next year）. Overall, the probability of the water＇s belonging to quality category of type lI, according to environmental quality standards for surface water in China, was 27.7%-33.7%, larger than that of its belonging to the other four water quality types. The increasing concentrations of nutrients could result in eutrophication of the Danjiangkou Reser- voir. This method reduced the subjectivity that is commonly associated with determining indicator weights and artificial classifications, achieving more reliable results. These results indicate that it is important for the interbasin water diversion project to implement integrated water quality management in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on insomnia and explore its mechanism. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an experiment group and a control group. Sixty...OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on insomnia and explore its mechanism. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an experiment group and a control group. Sixty patients in the experiment group were treated once a day with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6) and with moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1). Sixty patients in the control group were acupunctured once a day at Shenmen (HT 7), Neiguan (PC 6), and Sanyinjiao (SP 6).The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to compare sleep improvement between the two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 87.7% in the experiment group and 76.3% in the control group. The PSQI scores and the total score were lower after treatment than before treatment in bothgroups. However, the reduction in the experiment group was greater than that in the control group in sleeping quality, time to fall asleep, sleeping disorder, and daytime function (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture and moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6) significantly improved insomnia symptoms in the experiment group compared with the control group.展开更多
Rotavirus diarrhea is a major worldwide cause of infantile gastroenteritis; however, the mechanism responsible for intestinal fluid loss remains unclear. Water transfer across the intestinal epithelial membrane seems ...Rotavirus diarrhea is a major worldwide cause of infantile gastroenteritis; however, the mechanism responsible for intestinal fluid loss remains unclear. Water transfer across the intestinal epithelial membrane seems to occur because of aquaporins(AQPs). Accumulating evidence indicates that alterations in AQPs may play an important role in pathogenesis. Here, we focus on changes in AQPs in a mouse model of rotavirus diarrhea. In the present study, 32 of 35 mice developed diarrhea and mild dehydration within 24 hours after infection with rotavirus strain SA11. Intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolation, malaligned villi, and atrophy. AQP1 expression was significantly attenuated in the ileum and colon in comparison with controls; likewise, AQP4 and-8 protein expression were significantly decreased in the colon of rotavirus diarrhea-infected mice. In contrast, AQP3 protein expression was significantly increased in the colon of rotavirus-infected mice in comparison with controls. These results indicate that rotavirus diarrhea is associated with the downregulation of AQP1,-4, and-8 expression. Therefore, AQPs play an important role in rotavirus diarrhea.展开更多
The microstructural variations of hardened cement-fly ash pastes leached by soft water were investigated by MIP, XRD, TG and SEM. The results show that the mass of hardened cement-fly ash paste reduces and its microst...The microstructural variations of hardened cement-fly ash pastes leached by soft water were investigated by MIP, XRD, TG and SEM. The results show that the mass of hardened cement-fly ash paste reduces and its microstructure deteriorates partly after leaching of soft water. At the leaching duration of 180 days, the hardened paste containing fly ash deteriorated a little more serious than the plain cement paste, but the incorporation of fly ash in a proper ratio was helpful to defer the trend of deterioration of the hardened paste microstructure. The microstructural stability of hardened cement-fly ash paste wasn’t damaged severely during the 180 days leaching duration.展开更多
The changes of free solution amount, fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste were examined by varying the water-cement ratio and the dosages of superplasticizer. The distribution of solution and f...The changes of free solution amount, fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste were examined by varying the water-cement ratio and the dosages of superplasticizer. The distribution of solution and flocculation microstructure in flesh cement paste was observed with optical microscope. The change of free solution amount and its effect on the fluidity and bleeding of cement paste was studied. The results show that the adsorbed solution amount has a great influence on the com- patibility of cement-superplasticizer system, including the bleeding degree, the fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste. Superplasticizer increases the fluidity of cement paste by destroying the flocculated cement particle structure and increasing the amount of adsorbed solution. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer shows higher ability of adsorption than naphtha- lene superplasticizer. Over dosage of superplasticizer is not the primary cause of bleeding. The principle reason of bleeding is the high water-cement ratio and the insufficient enhancing ability of water adsorption of superplasticizer.展开更多
Background:Due to the occult anatomic location of the nasopharynx and frequent presence of adenoid hyperpla-sia,the positive rate for malignancy identification during biopsy is low,thus leading to delayed or missed di...Background:Due to the occult anatomic location of the nasopharynx and frequent presence of adenoid hyperpla-sia,the positive rate for malignancy identification during biopsy is low,thus leading to delayed or missed diagnosis for nasopharyngeal malignancies upon initial attempt.Here,we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence tool to detect nasopharyngeal malignancies under endoscopic examination based on deep learning.Methods:An endoscopic images-based nasopharyngeal malignancy detection model(eNPM-DM)consisting of a fully convolutional network based on the inception architecture was developed and fine-tuned using separate training and validation sets for both classification and segmentation.Briefly,a total of 28,966 qualified images were collected.Among these images,27,536 biopsy-proven images from 7951 individuals obtained from January 1st,2008,to December 31st,2016,were split into the training,validation and test sets at a ratio of 7:1:2 using simple randomiza-tion.Additionally,1430 images obtained from January 1st,2017,to March 31st,2017,were used as a prospective test set to compare the performance of the established model against oncologist evaluation.The dice similarity coef-ficient(DSC)was used to evaluate the efficiency of eNPM-DM in automatic segmentation of malignant area from the background of nasopharyngeal endoscopic images,by comparing automatic segmentation with manual segmenta-tion performed by the experts.Results:All images were histopathologically confirmed,and included 5713(19.7%)normal control,19,107(66.0%)nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),335(1.2%)NPC and 3811(13.2%)benign diseases.The eNPM-DM attained an overall accuracy of 88.7%(95%confidence interval(CI)87.8%-89.5%)in detecting malignancies in the test set.In the prospective comparison phase,eNPM-DM outperformed the experts:the overall accuracy was 88.0%(95%CI 86.1%-89.6%)vs.80.5%(95%CI 77.0%-84.0%).The eNPM-DM required less time(40 s vs.110.0±5.8 min)and exhibited encouraging performance in automatic segmentation of nasopharyngeal malign展开更多
The morphology,crystallization and elemental composition of cement hydration products in early age including Ca(OH)2,CSH gel,AFt and AFm were investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Compared with the res...The morphology,crystallization and elemental composition of cement hydration products in early age including Ca(OH)2,CSH gel,AFt and AFm were investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Compared with the results from SEM and XRD,the TEM method and its advantage in the investigation of early hydration products were discussed.The results showed that TEM method is more accurate and reliable than SEM in the investigation of early hydration products.The CSH gel was confirmed to be amorphous foil-like shape product with a lot of crumples in early hydration age.Its Ca/Si ratio is 1.3±0.2.The morphology difference of AFt and AFm was clarified.AFt and AFm are both poly-crystal with layered structure,composed of disordered nano crystal.The size of nano crystal is less than 20 nm.The difference of Ca/Si ratio results between SEM and TEM was investigated,and its reason was explained.展开更多
Background Optimal mineral intakes are important for infant growth and development. However, data on mineral compositions of breast milk in Chinese women are scarce, and most were acquired before 1990. The objectives ...Background Optimal mineral intakes are important for infant growth and development. However, data on mineral compositions of breast milk in Chinese women are scarce, and most were acquired before 1990. The objectives of this study were three-fold： （1） to investigate the mineral compositions of Chinese healthy mothers＇ breast milk in different lactation stages; （2） to explore correlations among mineral concentrations in breast milk; and （3） to explore the associated factors affecting mineral compositions in breast milk. Methods The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） was used to analyze mineral concentrations in breast-milk of 444 healthy lactating women from three cities in China. A questionnaire was used to survey socio- demographic characteristics and pregnancy history. Food intakes by lactating women were measured using both food frequency questionnaire and one cycle of 24-hour dietary recall. Results Mineral compositions of breast milk varied in different regions. Concentrations of most minerals were higher in the first one or two months of lactation, and then decreased with time, except for magnesium and iron. Inter-mineral correlations existed among several minerals. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio was above 2：1 in each lactation stage. Women with caesarean section had higher concentration of iodine in the transitional milk （349.9 pg/kg） compared to women with natural delivery （237.5 pg/kg, P〈0.001）. Dietary mineral intakes, supplements, food intake frequencies in the recent 6 months, maternal age and maternal BMI did not show significant correlations with concentrations of milk minerals （all P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Milk minerals decreased with time, and changed most rapidly in the first one or two months of lactation. Caesarean section might affect the iodine level in transitional milk. Chin Med J 2014;127 （14）： 2643-2648展开更多
Background：Liposarcomas,which represent 20% of all adult sarcomas,are the most common histological type of malignant soft tissue tumors.The aim of this study was to define the prognostic factors that predict the post...Background：Liposarcomas,which represent 20% of all adult sarcomas,are the most common histological type of malignant soft tissue tumors.The aim of this study was to define the prognostic factors that predict the postoperative survival period for patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma.Methods：The clinical data and prognoses of 71 patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma who were treated in the General Hospital of the People＇s Liberation Army of China between January 1,2000 and December 31,2007 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Results：The primary tumor from each patient was resected; 54.9% （39/71） were deemed R0 resections,31.0% （22/71） were R1 resections and 14.1% （10/7 l） were deemed R2 resections （palliative operations）.The median follow up was 68 months （range：1-160 months）.Of the patients who received an R1 or R2 resection of their primary tumor,96.7% （59/61） had tumor recurrence.The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year recurrence-free rates were 77.0%,29.8% and 19.7%,respectively.As of April 2013,53 of the 71 patients had died from tumor recurrence.The overall l-year,3-year,5-year,and 10-year survival rates were 88.7%,76.1%,61.7%,and 30.4%,respectively.The factors that were significantly associated with prognosis in the univariate analysis were age （as a categorical variable） （P =0.006）,modus operandi （P =0.000）,histologic subtype （P =0.000）,tumor grade （P =0.000）,ascites （P =0.000）,postoperative metastasis （P =0.000） and adjuvant therapy （P =0.030）.However,in the multivariate analysis,the modus operandi （P =0.000）,tumor grade （P =0.006）,ascites （P =0.027）,postoperative metastasis （P =0.023） and age （as a categorical variable） （P =0.002） were the only significant predictors of survival.Conclusions：Complete resection remains the most effective method for treating liposarcoma.High grade,old age （≥60 years old）,postoperative metastasis,and ascites predict poor prognoses.展开更多
The characteristics of C-S-H gel in hardened Portland cement pastes and complex binder pastes with ground granulated blast furnace slag were investigated with nanoindentation. The composition of C-S-H gel was analysed...The characteristics of C-S-H gel in hardened Portland cement pastes and complex binder pastes with ground granulated blast furnace slag were investigated with nanoindentation. The composition of C-S-H gel was analysed with SEM-EDS. The obtained results showed that the volume fraction of LD C-S-H gradually reduced and the volume fraction of HD C-S-H increased with the prolongation of hydration age. Most of the C-S-H gel produced at later age was HD C-S-H. The volume fraction of HD C-S-H increased as the fraction of slag in complex binder pastes increased, suggesting that HD C-S-H was mainly in the hydration products of slag. The chemichal compositions of the two types of C-S-H gel were simlar, meaning that formation and transformation of the two types of C-S-H gel were not affected by their Ca/Si ratio.展开更多
Global warming and associated global climate change have led to serious efforts towards reducing CO_(2)emissions through the CO_(2)capture from the major emission sources.CO_(2)capture using the amine functionalized a...Global warming and associated global climate change have led to serious efforts towards reducing CO_(2)emissions through the CO_(2)capture from the major emission sources.CO_(2)capture using the amine functionalized adsorbents is regard as a direct and effective way to reducing CO_(2)emissions due to their large CO_(2)adsorption amount,excellent CO_(2)adsorption selectivity and lower energy requirements for adsorbent regeneration.Moreover,large number of achievements on the amine functionalized solid adsorbent have been recorded for the enhanced CO_(2)capture in the past few years.In view of this,we review and analyze the recent advances in amine functionalized solid adsorbents prepared with different supporting materials including mesoporous silica,zeolite,porous carbon materials,metal organic frameworks(MOF)and other composite porous materials.In addition,amine functionalized solid adsorbents derived from waste resources are also reviewed because of the large number demand for cost-effective carbon dioxide adsorbents and the processing needs of waste resources.Considering the importance of the stability of the adsorbent in practical applications,advanced research in the capture cycle stability has also been summarized and analyzed.Finally,we summarize the review and offer the recommendations for the development of amine-based solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture.展开更多
Blood plays an essential role in the human body.Hemorrhage is a critical cause of both military and civilian casualties.The human body has its own hemostatic mechanism that involves complex processes and has limited c...Blood plays an essential role in the human body.Hemorrhage is a critical cause of both military and civilian casualties.The human body has its own hemostatic mechanism that involves complex processes and has limited capacity.However,in emergency situations such as battlefields and hospitals,when the hemostatic mechanism of the human body itself cannot stop bleeding effectively,hemostatic materials are needed for saving lives.In this review,the hemostatic mechanisms and performance of the most commonly used hemostatic materials,(including fibrin,collagen,zeolite,gelatin,alginate,chitosan,cellulose and cyanoacrylate)and the commercial wound dressings based on these materials,will be discussed.These materials may have limitations,such as poor tissue adhesion,risk of infection and exothermic reactions,that may lessen their hemostatic efficacy and cause secondary injuries.High-performance hemostatic materials,therefore,have been designed and developed to improve hemostatic efficiency in clinical use.In this review,hemostatic materials with advanced performances,such as antibacterial capacity,superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity,superelasticity,high porosity and/or biomimicry,will be introduced.Future prospects of hemostatic materials will also be discussed in this review.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Starting in the early 1950s,the main industries in China associated with chronic benzene poisoning(CBP)included painting,pharmaceuticals,and shoemaking.However,because of ra...Summary What is already known on this topic?Starting in the early 1950s,the main industries in China associated with chronic benzene poisoning(CBP)included painting,pharmaceuticals,and shoemaking.However,because of rapid socioeconomic development,the distribution of industries associated with CBP likely changed.展开更多
Sepsis-induced liver injury(SILI)is an important cause of septicemia deaths.BaWeiBaiDuSan(BWBDS)was extracted from a formula of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer,Lilium brownie F.E.Brown ex Miellez var.viridulum Baker,Polygonat...Sepsis-induced liver injury(SILI)is an important cause of septicemia deaths.BaWeiBaiDuSan(BWBDS)was extracted from a formula of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer,Lilium brownie F.E.Brown ex Miellez var.viridulum Baker,Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute,Lonicera japonica Thunb.,Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.,Amygdalus Communis Vas,Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,and Cortex Phelloderdri.Herein,we investigated whether the BWBDS treatment could reverse SILI by the mechanism of modulating gut microbiota.BWBDS protected mice against SILI,which was associated with promoting macrophage anti-inflammatory activity and enhancing intestinal integrity.BWBDS selectively promoted the growth of Lactobacillus johnsonii(L.johnsonii)in cecal ligation and puncture treated mice.Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment indicated that gut bacteria correlated with sepsis and was required for BWBDS anti-sepsis effects.Notably,L.johnsonii significantly reduced SILI by promoting macrophage anti-inflammatory activity,increasing interleukin-10+M2 macrophage production and enhancing intestinal integrity.Furthermore,heat inactivation L.johnsonii(HI-L.johnsonii)treatment promoted macrophage anti-inflammatory activity and alleviated SILI.Our findings revealed BWBDS and gut microbiota L.johnsonii as novel prebiotic and probiotic that may be used to treat SILI.The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part,via L.johnsonii-dependent immune regulation and interleukin-10+M2 macrophage production.展开更多
Background: The TNM staging system is far from perfect in predicting the survival of individual cancer patients because only the gross anatomy is considered. The survival rates of the patients who have the same TNM st...Background: The TNM staging system is far from perfect in predicting the survival of individual cancer patients because only the gross anatomy is considered. The survival rates of the patients who have the same TNM stage disease vary across a wide spectrum. This study aimed to develop a nomogram that incorporates other clinicopathologic factors for predicting the overall survival(OS) of non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients after curative treatments.Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 1520 NPC patients who were diagnosed histologically between November 2000 and September 2003. The clinical data of a separate cohort of 464 patients who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) between 2001 and 2010 were also retrieved to examine the extensibility of the model. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors for building the nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were measured using the concordance index(c-index).Results: We identiied and incorporated 12 independent clinical factors into the nomogram. The calibration curves showed that the prediction of OS was in good agreement with the actual observation in the internal validation set and IMRT cohort. The c-index of the nomogram was statistically higher than that of the 7th edition TNM staging system for predicting the survival in both the primary cohort(0.69 vs. 0.62) and the IMRT cohort(0.67 vs. 0.63).Conclusion: We developed and validated a novel nomogram that outperformed the TNM staging system in predicting the OS of non-metastatic NPC patients who underwent curative therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.8100001)the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2009CB623106)
文摘The influence of steel slag,a by-product from the processing of iron to steel,on the hydration of cement during the hydration process of complex binder was studied by calorimetry,X-ray diffraction analysis,and Ca(OH)2 content determination.The results show that steel slag and cement affect each other’s hydration by changing the hydration environment.Steel slag does not react with the hydration products of cement.The dormant period of cement-steel slag complex binder during the hydration is longer than that of cement.The more the adding amount of steel slag is,the longer the dormant period of complex binder will be.The steel slag decreases the early hydration rate of cement.This phenomenon is more obvious with the increment of steel slag addition.However,the steel slag can promote the hydration degree of cement at later ages and the promoting effect becomes more obvious with the increment of steel slag addition and the hydration ages.
文摘Background Infancy is a critical period of growth and physiological development,in which breast milk is the best source of nutrients.Compared to western countries,research on breast milk of Chinese population are limited.Thus,it is necessary to measure breast milk energy and macronutrient concentrations of healthy urban Chinese mothers at different lactation stages,to expand the database of milk composition of Chinese population,and to examine whether dietary or other maternal factors can affect the levels of macronutrients in breast milk.Methods Breast milk of full expression of one side breast from 436 urban Chinese lactating mothers at 5-11 days,12-30 days,31-60 days,61-120 days,and 121-240 days postpartum was obtained at 9：00 a.m.to 11：00 a.m.Total energy,lactose,protein,and fat contents were measured.24-hour dietary recall was surveyed,and maternal nutrient intakes were analyzed.Results Milk composition changed over the course of lactation and large individual variations were documented.The concentrations were 61.3 kcal/dl for total energy,7.1 g/dl for lactose,0.9 g/dl for protein,and 3.4 g/dl for fat in mature milk.Stage of lactation was a strong factor affecting milk composition.Minimal evidence was found for associations between maternal current dietary intake and milk macronutrient concentration,consistently with prior research.Maternal body mass index （BMI） was positively associated with milk fat content,to a greater extent than did dietary intake.All other maternal characteristics were not significant for milk composition.Conclusion These findings suggest that milk composition is generally weakly associated with maternal factors except for stage of lactation,and is likely to be more susceptible to long-term maternal nutritional status than short-term dietary fluctuation.
基金financially supported by the Special Project for Earthquake Research(200708033)
文摘The geomagnetic data recorded by Kashi and Jinghai observatories in China were analyzed with improved polarization method. We compared the result around 0.01 Hz which is thought to be useful to detect the ULF anomaly with the result around 0.1 Hz which was inferred from the earthquake depth according to the skin effect, and found that 0.1 Hz is more proper to detect the ULF anomaly for both earthquakes studied in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51108245)the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Project) (Grant No. 2009CB623106)
文摘The influences of different alkaline conditions on the kinds and morphologies of steel slag＇s hydration products, Ca（OH）2 con- tent of hydration products, pore stiucture of hardened paste, non-evaporable water content of hydration products, and strength of steel slag mortar were investigated by changing the initial alkalinity of the hydration condition of steel slag. The results showed that increasing the initial alkalinity of hydration condition can promote the early hydration of steel slag＇s active com- ponents （e,g., C2S, C3S, and C12A7）, but it has little influence on their late-age hydration degree. The hydration degree of non-active components （e.g., RO phase and Fe304） of steel slag is very low even under strong alkaline condition with pH value of 13.8. The excitation effect of alkaline condition on the early hydration of steel slag is more obvious with the increase of pH value, but the kinds of steel slag＇s hydration products are not influenced by changing the alkaline condition. The amount of steel slag＇s hydration products is limited, so the strength of alkali-activated steel slag mortar is very low though the strong al- kaline condition significantly promotes the early hydration of steel slag. Steel slag is not an ideal raw material for alka- li-activated cementitious material.
基金Acknowledgements This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program （No. 2011BAC12B02）, the National Science Foundation for Innovative Research Group （No. 51121003）, and the Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Fund of Beijing Normal University （No. 105512GK）. We are grateful to the editors and anonymous reviewers＇ careful review of this paper, whom have contributed substantially to improving the paper.
文摘The Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water source for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. Thus, its water quality status is of great concern. Five water quality indicators （dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus）, were measured at three monitoring sites （the Danjiangkou Reservoir dam, the Hejiawan and the Jiangbei bridge）, to investigate changing trends, and spatiotemporal characteristics of water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area from January 2006 to May 2012. We then applied a Bayesian statistical method to evaluate the water quality comprehensively. The normal distribution sampling method was used to calculate likelihood, and the entropy weight method was used to determine indicator weights for variables of interest in to the study. The results indicated that concentrations of all five indicators increased during the last six years. In addition, the water quality in the reservoir was worse during the wet season （from May to October）, than during the dry season （from November to April of the next year）. Overall, the probability of the water＇s belonging to quality category of type lI, according to environmental quality standards for surface water in China, was 27.7%-33.7%, larger than that of its belonging to the other four water quality types. The increasing concentrations of nutrients could result in eutrophication of the Danjiangkou Reser- voir. This method reduced the subjectivity that is commonly associated with determining indicator weights and artificial classifications, achieving more reliable results. These results indicate that it is important for the interbasin water diversion project to implement integrated water quality management in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area.
基金Supported by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation 81173335, Research into Effect of Acupuncture on Expression of Protein Difference in Brain Tissue of Rat Model with Insomnia
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on insomnia and explore its mechanism. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an experiment group and a control group. Sixty patients in the experiment group were treated once a day with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6) and with moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1). Sixty patients in the control group were acupunctured once a day at Shenmen (HT 7), Neiguan (PC 6), and Sanyinjiao (SP 6).The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to compare sleep improvement between the two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 87.7% in the experiment group and 76.3% in the control group. The PSQI scores and the total score were lower after treatment than before treatment in bothgroups. However, the reduction in the experiment group was greater than that in the control group in sleeping quality, time to fall asleep, sleeping disorder, and daytime function (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture and moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6) significantly improved insomnia symptoms in the experiment group compared with the control group.
基金supported by funding from Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (grants:S2012010009211,S2012010009538)Key Specialty Projects of Guangzhou Board of Health (grant:20121A021014)
文摘Rotavirus diarrhea is a major worldwide cause of infantile gastroenteritis; however, the mechanism responsible for intestinal fluid loss remains unclear. Water transfer across the intestinal epithelial membrane seems to occur because of aquaporins(AQPs). Accumulating evidence indicates that alterations in AQPs may play an important role in pathogenesis. Here, we focus on changes in AQPs in a mouse model of rotavirus diarrhea. In the present study, 32 of 35 mice developed diarrhea and mild dehydration within 24 hours after infection with rotavirus strain SA11. Intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolation, malaligned villi, and atrophy. AQP1 expression was significantly attenuated in the ileum and colon in comparison with controls; likewise, AQP4 and-8 protein expression were significantly decreased in the colon of rotavirus diarrhea-infected mice. In contrast, AQP3 protein expression was significantly increased in the colon of rotavirus-infected mice in comparison with controls. These results indicate that rotavirus diarrhea is associated with the downregulation of AQP1,-4, and-8 expression. Therefore, AQPs play an important role in rotavirus diarrhea.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program ("973" Project) (Grant No 2009CB623106)the Key Project of Beijing Natu-ral Science Foundation (Grant No 8100001)
文摘The microstructural variations of hardened cement-fly ash pastes leached by soft water were investigated by MIP, XRD, TG and SEM. The results show that the mass of hardened cement-fly ash paste reduces and its microstructure deteriorates partly after leaching of soft water. At the leaching duration of 180 days, the hardened paste containing fly ash deteriorated a little more serious than the plain cement paste, but the incorporation of fly ash in a proper ratio was helpful to defer the trend of deterioration of the hardened paste microstructure. The microstructural stability of hardened cement-fly ash paste wasn’t damaged severely during the 180 days leaching duration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50772053)
文摘The changes of free solution amount, fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste were examined by varying the water-cement ratio and the dosages of superplasticizer. The distribution of solution and flocculation microstructure in flesh cement paste was observed with optical microscope. The change of free solution amount and its effect on the fluidity and bleeding of cement paste was studied. The results show that the adsorbed solution amount has a great influence on the com- patibility of cement-superplasticizer system, including the bleeding degree, the fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste. Superplasticizer increases the fluidity of cement paste by destroying the flocculated cement particle structure and increasing the amount of adsorbed solution. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer shows higher ability of adsorption than naphtha- lene superplasticizer. Over dosage of superplasticizer is not the primary cause of bleeding. The principle reason of bleeding is the high water-cement ratio and the insufficient enhancing ability of water adsorption of superplasticizer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Nos.81572665,81672680,81472525,81702873]the International Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province[Grant No.2016A050502011]the Health&Medical Collaborative Innovation Project of Guangzhou City,China(Grant No.201604020003).
文摘Background:Due to the occult anatomic location of the nasopharynx and frequent presence of adenoid hyperpla-sia,the positive rate for malignancy identification during biopsy is low,thus leading to delayed or missed diagnosis for nasopharyngeal malignancies upon initial attempt.Here,we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence tool to detect nasopharyngeal malignancies under endoscopic examination based on deep learning.Methods:An endoscopic images-based nasopharyngeal malignancy detection model(eNPM-DM)consisting of a fully convolutional network based on the inception architecture was developed and fine-tuned using separate training and validation sets for both classification and segmentation.Briefly,a total of 28,966 qualified images were collected.Among these images,27,536 biopsy-proven images from 7951 individuals obtained from January 1st,2008,to December 31st,2016,were split into the training,validation and test sets at a ratio of 7:1:2 using simple randomiza-tion.Additionally,1430 images obtained from January 1st,2017,to March 31st,2017,were used as a prospective test set to compare the performance of the established model against oncologist evaluation.The dice similarity coef-ficient(DSC)was used to evaluate the efficiency of eNPM-DM in automatic segmentation of malignant area from the background of nasopharyngeal endoscopic images,by comparing automatic segmentation with manual segmenta-tion performed by the experts.Results:All images were histopathologically confirmed,and included 5713(19.7%)normal control,19,107(66.0%)nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),335(1.2%)NPC and 3811(13.2%)benign diseases.The eNPM-DM attained an overall accuracy of 88.7%(95%confidence interval(CI)87.8%-89.5%)in detecting malignancies in the test set.In the prospective comparison phase,eNPM-DM outperformed the experts:the overall accuracy was 88.0%(95%CI 86.1%-89.6%)vs.80.5%(95%CI 77.0%-84.0%).The eNPM-DM required less time(40 s vs.110.0±5.8 min)and exhibited encouraging performance in automatic segmentation of nasopharyngeal malign
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1134008,50772053)
文摘The morphology,crystallization and elemental composition of cement hydration products in early age including Ca(OH)2,CSH gel,AFt and AFm were investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Compared with the results from SEM and XRD,the TEM method and its advantage in the investigation of early hydration products were discussed.The results showed that TEM method is more accurate and reliable than SEM in the investigation of early hydration products.The CSH gel was confirmed to be amorphous foil-like shape product with a lot of crumples in early hydration age.Its Ca/Si ratio is 1.3±0.2.The morphology difference of AFt and AFm was clarified.AFt and AFm are both poly-crystal with layered structure,composed of disordered nano crystal.The size of nano crystal is less than 20 nm.The difference of Ca/Si ratio results between SEM and TEM was investigated,and its reason was explained.
文摘Background Optimal mineral intakes are important for infant growth and development. However, data on mineral compositions of breast milk in Chinese women are scarce, and most were acquired before 1990. The objectives of this study were three-fold： （1） to investigate the mineral compositions of Chinese healthy mothers＇ breast milk in different lactation stages; （2） to explore correlations among mineral concentrations in breast milk; and （3） to explore the associated factors affecting mineral compositions in breast milk. Methods The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） was used to analyze mineral concentrations in breast-milk of 444 healthy lactating women from three cities in China. A questionnaire was used to survey socio- demographic characteristics and pregnancy history. Food intakes by lactating women were measured using both food frequency questionnaire and one cycle of 24-hour dietary recall. Results Mineral compositions of breast milk varied in different regions. Concentrations of most minerals were higher in the first one or two months of lactation, and then decreased with time, except for magnesium and iron. Inter-mineral correlations existed among several minerals. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio was above 2：1 in each lactation stage. Women with caesarean section had higher concentration of iodine in the transitional milk （349.9 pg/kg） compared to women with natural delivery （237.5 pg/kg, P〈0.001）. Dietary mineral intakes, supplements, food intake frequencies in the recent 6 months, maternal age and maternal BMI did not show significant correlations with concentrations of milk minerals （all P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Milk minerals decreased with time, and changed most rapidly in the first one or two months of lactation. Caesarean section might affect the iodine level in transitional milk. Chin Med J 2014;127 （14）： 2643-2648
文摘Background：Liposarcomas,which represent 20% of all adult sarcomas,are the most common histological type of malignant soft tissue tumors.The aim of this study was to define the prognostic factors that predict the postoperative survival period for patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma.Methods：The clinical data and prognoses of 71 patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma who were treated in the General Hospital of the People＇s Liberation Army of China between January 1,2000 and December 31,2007 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Results：The primary tumor from each patient was resected; 54.9% （39/71） were deemed R0 resections,31.0% （22/71） were R1 resections and 14.1% （10/7 l） were deemed R2 resections （palliative operations）.The median follow up was 68 months （range：1-160 months）.Of the patients who received an R1 or R2 resection of their primary tumor,96.7% （59/61） had tumor recurrence.The 1-year,3-year,and 5-year recurrence-free rates were 77.0%,29.8% and 19.7%,respectively.As of April 2013,53 of the 71 patients had died from tumor recurrence.The overall l-year,3-year,5-year,and 10-year survival rates were 88.7%,76.1%,61.7%,and 30.4%,respectively.The factors that were significantly associated with prognosis in the univariate analysis were age （as a categorical variable） （P =0.006）,modus operandi （P =0.000）,histologic subtype （P =0.000）,tumor grade （P =0.000）,ascites （P =0.000）,postoperative metastasis （P =0.000） and adjuvant therapy （P =0.030）.However,in the multivariate analysis,the modus operandi （P =0.000）,tumor grade （P =0.006）,ascites （P =0.027）,postoperative metastasis （P =0.023） and age （as a categorical variable） （P =0.002） were the only significant predictors of survival.Conclusions：Complete resection remains the most effective method for treating liposarcoma.High grade,old age （≥60 years old）,postoperative metastasis,and ascites predict poor prognoses.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Project) (Grant No. 2009CB623106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1134008)
文摘The characteristics of C-S-H gel in hardened Portland cement pastes and complex binder pastes with ground granulated blast furnace slag were investigated with nanoindentation. The composition of C-S-H gel was analysed with SEM-EDS. The obtained results showed that the volume fraction of LD C-S-H gradually reduced and the volume fraction of HD C-S-H increased with the prolongation of hydration age. Most of the C-S-H gel produced at later age was HD C-S-H. The volume fraction of HD C-S-H increased as the fraction of slag in complex binder pastes increased, suggesting that HD C-S-H was mainly in the hydration products of slag. The chemichal compositions of the two types of C-S-H gel were simlar, meaning that formation and transformation of the two types of C-S-H gel were not affected by their Ca/Si ratio.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878200 and 21676174)International S&T Cooperation Program of Shanxi province(201703D421038)+1 种基金Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2017-036)Joint Fund of Shanxi Provincial Coal Seam Gas(2015012019)。
文摘Global warming and associated global climate change have led to serious efforts towards reducing CO_(2)emissions through the CO_(2)capture from the major emission sources.CO_(2)capture using the amine functionalized adsorbents is regard as a direct and effective way to reducing CO_(2)emissions due to their large CO_(2)adsorption amount,excellent CO_(2)adsorption selectivity and lower energy requirements for adsorbent regeneration.Moreover,large number of achievements on the amine functionalized solid adsorbent have been recorded for the enhanced CO_(2)capture in the past few years.In view of this,we review and analyze the recent advances in amine functionalized solid adsorbents prepared with different supporting materials including mesoporous silica,zeolite,porous carbon materials,metal organic frameworks(MOF)and other composite porous materials.In addition,amine functionalized solid adsorbents derived from waste resources are also reviewed because of the large number demand for cost-effective carbon dioxide adsorbents and the processing needs of waste resources.Considering the importance of the stability of the adsorbent in practical applications,advanced research in the capture cycle stability has also been summarized and analyzed.Finally,we summarize the review and offer the recommendations for the development of amine-based solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture.
基金support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery grant.
文摘Blood plays an essential role in the human body.Hemorrhage is a critical cause of both military and civilian casualties.The human body has its own hemostatic mechanism that involves complex processes and has limited capacity.However,in emergency situations such as battlefields and hospitals,when the hemostatic mechanism of the human body itself cannot stop bleeding effectively,hemostatic materials are needed for saving lives.In this review,the hemostatic mechanisms and performance of the most commonly used hemostatic materials,(including fibrin,collagen,zeolite,gelatin,alginate,chitosan,cellulose and cyanoacrylate)and the commercial wound dressings based on these materials,will be discussed.These materials may have limitations,such as poor tissue adhesion,risk of infection and exothermic reactions,that may lessen their hemostatic efficacy and cause secondary injuries.High-performance hemostatic materials,therefore,have been designed and developed to improve hemostatic efficiency in clinical use.In this review,hemostatic materials with advanced performances,such as antibacterial capacity,superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity,superelasticity,high porosity and/or biomimicry,will be introduced.Future prospects of hemostatic materials will also be discussed in this review.
基金by the Project of Occupational Health Risk Assessment and National Occupational Health Standard Formulation of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control(Project No.:131031109000150003).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Starting in the early 1950s,the main industries in China associated with chronic benzene poisoning(CBP)included painting,pharmaceuticals,and shoemaking.However,because of rapid socioeconomic development,the distribution of industries associated with CBP likely changed.
基金funded by regular grants and joint grant(File No.0096/2018/A3,0111/2020/A3 and 0056/2020/AMJ)Dr.Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery(File No.001/2020/ALC)+4 种基金supported by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fundsupported by 2020 Young Qihuang Scholar funded by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicinesupported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82025036)supported by the Start-up Research Grant of University of Macao(SRG2022-00020-FHS,China)the Faculty of Health Science,University of Macao(Macao,China).
文摘Sepsis-induced liver injury(SILI)is an important cause of septicemia deaths.BaWeiBaiDuSan(BWBDS)was extracted from a formula of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer,Lilium brownie F.E.Brown ex Miellez var.viridulum Baker,Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute,Lonicera japonica Thunb.,Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.,Amygdalus Communis Vas,Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,and Cortex Phelloderdri.Herein,we investigated whether the BWBDS treatment could reverse SILI by the mechanism of modulating gut microbiota.BWBDS protected mice against SILI,which was associated with promoting macrophage anti-inflammatory activity and enhancing intestinal integrity.BWBDS selectively promoted the growth of Lactobacillus johnsonii(L.johnsonii)in cecal ligation and puncture treated mice.Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment indicated that gut bacteria correlated with sepsis and was required for BWBDS anti-sepsis effects.Notably,L.johnsonii significantly reduced SILI by promoting macrophage anti-inflammatory activity,increasing interleukin-10+M2 macrophage production and enhancing intestinal integrity.Furthermore,heat inactivation L.johnsonii(HI-L.johnsonii)treatment promoted macrophage anti-inflammatory activity and alleviated SILI.Our findings revealed BWBDS and gut microbiota L.johnsonii as novel prebiotic and probiotic that may be used to treat SILI.The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part,via L.johnsonii-dependent immune regulation and interleukin-10+M2 macrophage production.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2012AA02A501 and 2012AA02A502)Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Medical Research Project 5010 (Grant No.20130008)
文摘Background: The TNM staging system is far from perfect in predicting the survival of individual cancer patients because only the gross anatomy is considered. The survival rates of the patients who have the same TNM stage disease vary across a wide spectrum. This study aimed to develop a nomogram that incorporates other clinicopathologic factors for predicting the overall survival(OS) of non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients after curative treatments.Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 1520 NPC patients who were diagnosed histologically between November 2000 and September 2003. The clinical data of a separate cohort of 464 patients who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) between 2001 and 2010 were also retrieved to examine the extensibility of the model. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors for building the nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were measured using the concordance index(c-index).Results: We identiied and incorporated 12 independent clinical factors into the nomogram. The calibration curves showed that the prediction of OS was in good agreement with the actual observation in the internal validation set and IMRT cohort. The c-index of the nomogram was statistically higher than that of the 7th edition TNM staging system for predicting the survival in both the primary cohort(0.69 vs. 0.62) and the IMRT cohort(0.67 vs. 0.63).Conclusion: We developed and validated a novel nomogram that outperformed the TNM staging system in predicting the OS of non-metastatic NPC patients who underwent curative therapy.
