Nowadays in the medicalfield,imaging techniques such as Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)are mainly used to identify retinal diseases.In this paper,the Central Serous Chorio Retinopathy(CSCR)image is analyzed for vari...Nowadays in the medicalfield,imaging techniques such as Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)are mainly used to identify retinal diseases.In this paper,the Central Serous Chorio Retinopathy(CSCR)image is analyzed for various stages and then compares the difference between CSCR before as well as after treatment using different application methods.Thefirst approach,which was focused on image quality,improves medical image accuracy.An enhancement algorithm was implemented to improve the OCT image contrast and denoise purpose called Boosted Anisotropic Diffusion with an Unsharp Masking Filter(BADWUMF).The classifier used here is tofigure out whether the OCT image is a CSCR case or not.150 images are checked for this research work(75 abnormal from Optical Coherence Tomography Image Retinal Database,in-house clinical database,and 75 normal images).This article explicitly decides that the approaches suggested aid the ophthalmologist with the precise retinal analysis and hence the risk factors to be minimized.The total precision is 90 percent obtained from the Two Class Support Vector Machine(TCSVM)classifier and 93.3 percent is obtained from Shallow Neural Network with the Powell-Beale(SNNWPB)classifier using the MATLAB 2019a program.展开更多
The inhibition efficiency of 1,4-bis （2-nitrobenzylidene） thiosemicarbazide （BBTS） on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCI was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance metho...The inhibition efficiency of 1,4-bis （2-nitrobenzylidene） thiosemicarbazide （BBTS） on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCI was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance methods. Inhibition efficiency （IE）, corrosion rate and surface coverage were evaluated at different concentrations of BBTS. The results of the investigation showed that this compound had good inhibiting properties for mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid and BBTS was a mixed-type inhibitor. BBTS chemisorbed at the electrode surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and formed a stable surface complex on the mild steel surface. The synergistic effect of halide ion in acid solution suggested a co-adsorption of BBTS inhibitor by the adsorbed iodide ion.展开更多
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a significant concept of wireless networks which comprises of thousands of nodes that are mobile as well as autonomous and they do not requires any existing network infrastructure. The...Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a significant concept of wireless networks which comprises of thousands of nodes that are mobile as well as autonomous and they do not requires any existing network infrastructure. The autonomous nodes can freely and randomly move within the network which can create temporary dynamic network and these networks can change their topology frequently. The security is the primary issue in MANET which degrades the network performance significantly. In this paper, cluster based malicious node detection methodology is proposed to detect and remove the malicious nodes. Each node within the cluster gets the cluster key from the cluster head and this key is used for the data transaction between cluster head and node. The cluster head checks this key for every data transaction from node and match with their cluster table. If match is valid, and then only it will recognize that this node is belongs to this cluster, otherwise it is decided as malicious node. This paper also discusses the detection of link failure due to the presence of malicious node by determining the gain of each link in the network. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using packet delivery ratio, network life time, and throughput and energy consumption. The proposed malicious node detection system is compared with the conventional techniques as OEERP (Optimized energy efficient routing protocol), LEACH (Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy), DRINA (Data routing for In-network aggregation) and BCDCP (Base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol).展开更多
Kinorhyncha is exclusively marine, holobenthic, free-living, meiofaunal species found in all marine habitats in the world. However, information on geographical distribution and taxonomical distributional status of Kin...Kinorhyncha is exclusively marine, holobenthic, free-living, meiofaunal species found in all marine habitats in the world. However, information on geographical distribution and taxonomical distributional status of Kinorhyncha are needed further understanding. This research article presents a compiled, up-to-date checklist of the Phylum Kinorhyncha based on bibliographical survey and revision of taxon names. Present checklist of this phylum comprises 271 species belonging to 30 genera and 13 families. The families are distributed under three orders, Echinorhagata Sorensen et al. 2015, Kentrorhagata Sorensen et al. 2015, Xenosomata Zelinka, 1907. Among the 271 valid species, in the last five years 82 new species emerged, two new orders and three families were described. It also includes nine new genera. This checklist could serve as a valuable tool to encourage comparison of inter and intraregional research on Kinorhyncha as well as it can be used as baseline data for future taxonomical revision.展开更多
As per the Essential Climate Variables (ESV) of World Meterological Organisation (WMO), the physical, chemical and biological variables critically contribute to the earth’s climate. Among them, the variables such as ...As per the Essential Climate Variables (ESV) of World Meterological Organisation (WMO), the physical, chemical and biological variables critically contribute to the earth’s climate. Among them, the variables such as temperature and pH in the marine environment may affect seriously and in turn it has an impact on the biota, especially in the intertidal environment, where it has brunt force. According to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the datasets should provide the empirical evidence needed to predict the climate change and evoluate the mitigation and adaptation measures. Under this context, a review was carried out to know what extent marine scientists understand this factor and what level the biodiversity was evoluated and its impact was analysed in this article. Based on the existing literature review, it was understood that only a few groups that also only few species from these groups were studied in this aspect. The remaining groups and their species and their basic trophic were not evolved in this aspect. So, the marine scientific community, environmentalist and policy makers should take stock on this aspect and give thrust on this study.展开更多
The nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. Over a period of time, several reports have been made in this context associated with th...The nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. Over a period of time, several reports have been made in this context associated with the nesting behaviour of the Olive Ridley turtles. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding beach and nesting pattern of Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of Andaman Islands were investigated, during the nesting periods 2016-2017. The study area hosts Olive Ridley, the dominant sea turtles with more than 300 individuals nesting each year. For this study, the number of sea turtles visited, nested, the sediment characters, salinity, and temperature were taken. The exposed sandy nesting beach characteristics are prone to varying degrees of morphological changes every day. The results depict that even though similar grain size (Coarse Sand to Fine Sand and Very well sorted to Poorly Sorted), with an ambient incubating temperature, pH and salinity with wide nesting area, the selective nesting in the particular location of the beach identified because of comfortable energy conditions in the waters (1.5 m/s) favours the female turtles to reach the beach at the preferable site of Ramnagar and nest.展开更多
Nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding turtle, Olive Ridley (Lepidochely...Nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding turtle, Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of North Andaman Islands were investigated, for the nesting periods 2016-2017. Olive Ridley is the dominant sea turtles, with more than 300 individuals nesting every season with at least a 75% hatching success rate. It is one of the conducive, highly protective and undisturbed nesting sites for Olive Ridley on North Andaman coast. In the present study an initiative is made, to identify nature’s cues and the biological characteristics of Olive Ridley, which leads it to nest at Ramnagar beach, with a high hatchling success rate.展开更多
The present study enhances the knowledge on the diversity, abundance and depth distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) from six different islands in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (MGMNP), where meagre ...The present study enhances the knowledge on the diversity, abundance and depth distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) from six different islands in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (MGMNP), where meagre anthropogenic impact existed. Very few works have been reported on the Larger Benthic Foraminifera (LBF) on this Island environment, as this region also falls under Marine Protected Area (MPA). Development of database on this study has a validity for pristine nature of LBF environment. Modern LBF hotspot diversity is often overlooked and no data are available to date on tropical regions. Out of 105 MPA’s existed in this Island, MGMNP encompasses about 15 islands, out of which six islands were considered for the study. These six islands are Snob Island, Grub Island, Boat Island, Hobday Island, Belle Island and Jolly Buoy Island. The study revealed presence of 22 taxa of modern LBF and the most common families are the Amphisteginidae, Calcarinidae, Nummulitidae, Peneroplidae and Soritidae. The purpose of this study was to document the distribution of LBF species prevailing in this area, as well as develop the baseline environmental information of its existences to facilitate further continuous monitoring the changes occurring in this island environment. The environment suggested that the presence of major LBF species studied are Calcarina calcarinoides, Calcarina defrancei, Calcarina hispida, Calcarina spengleri, Neorotalia calcar and Neorotalia gaimardi exhibited the availability of good coral cover with commendable macro algal coverage or sparsely sea grasses, as they prefer such substratum for their epiphytic association.展开更多
Fire-worms from the family Amphinomidae Lamark, 1818, act as a predator, scavenger and sedimentivores, in nearshore waters. This family has 146 valid species among them 18 numbers reported from Indian marine environme...Fire-worms from the family Amphinomidae Lamark, 1818, act as a predator, scavenger and sedimentivores, in nearshore waters. This family has 146 valid species among them 18 numbers reported from Indian marine environment and 11 reported from the Andaman waters. Among this family, genus <i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Choleia</i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""> Lamark. 1818, reported 4 species and 1 subspecies from the Andaman waters. Among these the species </span><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Chloeia flava pulchella</i><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""> </i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Baird, 1868</span><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""></i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">was reported by Tampi and Rangarajan,</span><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""> </i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">1964, but no detailed species description was found for this species. During the studies on continuous monitoring of the environmental parameter of nearshore waters of off South Andaman region, a specimen of </span><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Chloeia flava pulchella</i><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""> </i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Baird, 1868, was collected. Later the cursory analysis for this specimen identification was revealed that the detailed description of this species found in this region was not available in the literature. So, the detailed taxonomic description was developed and presented in this article.</span>展开更多
文摘Nowadays in the medicalfield,imaging techniques such as Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)are mainly used to identify retinal diseases.In this paper,the Central Serous Chorio Retinopathy(CSCR)image is analyzed for various stages and then compares the difference between CSCR before as well as after treatment using different application methods.Thefirst approach,which was focused on image quality,improves medical image accuracy.An enhancement algorithm was implemented to improve the OCT image contrast and denoise purpose called Boosted Anisotropic Diffusion with an Unsharp Masking Filter(BADWUMF).The classifier used here is tofigure out whether the OCT image is a CSCR case or not.150 images are checked for this research work(75 abnormal from Optical Coherence Tomography Image Retinal Database,in-house clinical database,and 75 normal images).This article explicitly decides that the approaches suggested aid the ophthalmologist with the precise retinal analysis and hence the risk factors to be minimized.The total precision is 90 percent obtained from the Two Class Support Vector Machine(TCSVM)classifier and 93.3 percent is obtained from Shallow Neural Network with the Powell-Beale(SNNWPB)classifier using the MATLAB 2019a program.
基金University Grants Commission (UGC)New Delhi for providing the research fund to carry out this work
文摘The inhibition efficiency of 1,4-bis （2-nitrobenzylidene） thiosemicarbazide （BBTS） on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCI was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance methods. Inhibition efficiency （IE）, corrosion rate and surface coverage were evaluated at different concentrations of BBTS. The results of the investigation showed that this compound had good inhibiting properties for mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid and BBTS was a mixed-type inhibitor. BBTS chemisorbed at the electrode surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and formed a stable surface complex on the mild steel surface. The synergistic effect of halide ion in acid solution suggested a co-adsorption of BBTS inhibitor by the adsorbed iodide ion.
文摘Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a significant concept of wireless networks which comprises of thousands of nodes that are mobile as well as autonomous and they do not requires any existing network infrastructure. The autonomous nodes can freely and randomly move within the network which can create temporary dynamic network and these networks can change their topology frequently. The security is the primary issue in MANET which degrades the network performance significantly. In this paper, cluster based malicious node detection methodology is proposed to detect and remove the malicious nodes. Each node within the cluster gets the cluster key from the cluster head and this key is used for the data transaction between cluster head and node. The cluster head checks this key for every data transaction from node and match with their cluster table. If match is valid, and then only it will recognize that this node is belongs to this cluster, otherwise it is decided as malicious node. This paper also discusses the detection of link failure due to the presence of malicious node by determining the gain of each link in the network. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using packet delivery ratio, network life time, and throughput and energy consumption. The proposed malicious node detection system is compared with the conventional techniques as OEERP (Optimized energy efficient routing protocol), LEACH (Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy), DRINA (Data routing for In-network aggregation) and BCDCP (Base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol).
文摘Kinorhyncha is exclusively marine, holobenthic, free-living, meiofaunal species found in all marine habitats in the world. However, information on geographical distribution and taxonomical distributional status of Kinorhyncha are needed further understanding. This research article presents a compiled, up-to-date checklist of the Phylum Kinorhyncha based on bibliographical survey and revision of taxon names. Present checklist of this phylum comprises 271 species belonging to 30 genera and 13 families. The families are distributed under three orders, Echinorhagata Sorensen et al. 2015, Kentrorhagata Sorensen et al. 2015, Xenosomata Zelinka, 1907. Among the 271 valid species, in the last five years 82 new species emerged, two new orders and three families were described. It also includes nine new genera. This checklist could serve as a valuable tool to encourage comparison of inter and intraregional research on Kinorhyncha as well as it can be used as baseline data for future taxonomical revision.
文摘As per the Essential Climate Variables (ESV) of World Meterological Organisation (WMO), the physical, chemical and biological variables critically contribute to the earth’s climate. Among them, the variables such as temperature and pH in the marine environment may affect seriously and in turn it has an impact on the biota, especially in the intertidal environment, where it has brunt force. According to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the datasets should provide the empirical evidence needed to predict the climate change and evoluate the mitigation and adaptation measures. Under this context, a review was carried out to know what extent marine scientists understand this factor and what level the biodiversity was evoluated and its impact was analysed in this article. Based on the existing literature review, it was understood that only a few groups that also only few species from these groups were studied in this aspect. The remaining groups and their species and their basic trophic were not evolved in this aspect. So, the marine scientific community, environmentalist and policy makers should take stock on this aspect and give thrust on this study.
文摘The nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. Over a period of time, several reports have been made in this context associated with the nesting behaviour of the Olive Ridley turtles. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding beach and nesting pattern of Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of Andaman Islands were investigated, during the nesting periods 2016-2017. The study area hosts Olive Ridley, the dominant sea turtles with more than 300 individuals nesting each year. For this study, the number of sea turtles visited, nested, the sediment characters, salinity, and temperature were taken. The exposed sandy nesting beach characteristics are prone to varying degrees of morphological changes every day. The results depict that even though similar grain size (Coarse Sand to Fine Sand and Very well sorted to Poorly Sorted), with an ambient incubating temperature, pH and salinity with wide nesting area, the selective nesting in the particular location of the beach identified because of comfortable energy conditions in the waters (1.5 m/s) favours the female turtles to reach the beach at the preferable site of Ramnagar and nest.
文摘Nesting behaviour of sea turtles remains a subject to study, due to their enigmatic pattern of seasonal breeding activities. In the present study, characteristics of the breeding turtle, Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Ramnagar along N-E coast of North Andaman Islands were investigated, for the nesting periods 2016-2017. Olive Ridley is the dominant sea turtles, with more than 300 individuals nesting every season with at least a 75% hatching success rate. It is one of the conducive, highly protective and undisturbed nesting sites for Olive Ridley on North Andaman coast. In the present study an initiative is made, to identify nature’s cues and the biological characteristics of Olive Ridley, which leads it to nest at Ramnagar beach, with a high hatchling success rate.
文摘The present study enhances the knowledge on the diversity, abundance and depth distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) from six different islands in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (MGMNP), where meagre anthropogenic impact existed. Very few works have been reported on the Larger Benthic Foraminifera (LBF) on this Island environment, as this region also falls under Marine Protected Area (MPA). Development of database on this study has a validity for pristine nature of LBF environment. Modern LBF hotspot diversity is often overlooked and no data are available to date on tropical regions. Out of 105 MPA’s existed in this Island, MGMNP encompasses about 15 islands, out of which six islands were considered for the study. These six islands are Snob Island, Grub Island, Boat Island, Hobday Island, Belle Island and Jolly Buoy Island. The study revealed presence of 22 taxa of modern LBF and the most common families are the Amphisteginidae, Calcarinidae, Nummulitidae, Peneroplidae and Soritidae. The purpose of this study was to document the distribution of LBF species prevailing in this area, as well as develop the baseline environmental information of its existences to facilitate further continuous monitoring the changes occurring in this island environment. The environment suggested that the presence of major LBF species studied are Calcarina calcarinoides, Calcarina defrancei, Calcarina hispida, Calcarina spengleri, Neorotalia calcar and Neorotalia gaimardi exhibited the availability of good coral cover with commendable macro algal coverage or sparsely sea grasses, as they prefer such substratum for their epiphytic association.
文摘Fire-worms from the family Amphinomidae Lamark, 1818, act as a predator, scavenger and sedimentivores, in nearshore waters. This family has 146 valid species among them 18 numbers reported from Indian marine environment and 11 reported from the Andaman waters. Among this family, genus <i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Choleia</i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""> Lamark. 1818, reported 4 species and 1 subspecies from the Andaman waters. Among these the species </span><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Chloeia flava pulchella</i><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""> </i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Baird, 1868</span><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""></i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">was reported by Tampi and Rangarajan,</span><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""> </i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">1964, but no detailed species description was found for this species. During the studies on continuous monitoring of the environmental parameter of nearshore waters of off South Andaman region, a specimen of </span><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Chloeia flava pulchella</i><i style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"=""> </i><span style="font-family:" white-space:normal;"="">Baird, 1868, was collected. Later the cursory analysis for this specimen identification was revealed that the detailed description of this species found in this region was not available in the literature. So, the detailed taxonomic description was developed and presented in this article.</span>
