<strong>Introduction:</strong> Damage to the nasal cavities and sinuses of the face concern many disciplines, especially the specialist in Otorhinolaryngology and Cervi-cal-Facial Surgery (ENT-CFS), since ...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Damage to the nasal cavities and sinuses of the face concern many disciplines, especially the specialist in Otorhinolaryngology and Cervi-cal-Facial Surgery (ENT-CFS), since most symptoms have little value to direct the patient towards a precise diagnosis, radiological exploration, including three-dimensional imaging, provides diagnostic, therapeutic and follow-up support. The aim is to study the clinical and computed tomography scan as-pects of non-traumatic chronic nasosinusitis disorders at the Teaching Univer-sity Hospital of Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU/HKM) in Cotonou. Materi-al and <strong>Method:</strong> It was a descriptive and analytical study with retrospective collection, carried out over a period of 36 months from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2016;on 261 files of patients seen in Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and Cervico Facial Surgery (CFS) consultating for a chronic nasosinusi-tis disorder with no trauma notion and having performed a CT scan. <strong>Results:</strong> Chronic lesions of the nasal sinus cavities accounted for 13.42% of ENT con-sultations. There was female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.85. The clinic varied, the most common signs were rhinorrhea (74%), headache (73.6%) and sneezing (38.3%). On computed tomography scan, 225 results were pathologi-cal. Sinus backfilling was in the lead with 66.7% followed by mucous thicken-ing with 60.44%, and by bone involvement in 28%. Inflammatory pathologies (82.22%) were on top of the list, followed by pseudo-tumoral pathologies (20.9%). The anterior sinus complex was the most affected (56%) with predominance of the maxillary sinuses. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> chronic nasosinusitis dis-orders are frequent in daily practice, with a varied clinic. Computed tomogra-phy scan is a major diagnostic tool that should be favored.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with an increasing prevalence of related cognitive impairments. Magnetic Resonance Imag...<strong>Background:</strong> Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with an increasing prevalence of related cognitive impairments. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the early detection of lesions. This work aimed to describe the MRI aspects of different brain lesions occurred in HIV positive patients in our practice. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from June 2014 to July 2016 in the medical imaging department of the EL RAPHA private Polyclinic in Libreville, Gabon. It included all patients referred for imaging for the exploration of a Central Nervous System (CNS) lesions at MRI, based on clinical and/or paraclinical arguments. <strong>Results:</strong> Among the 39 patients included, 19 (48.7%) had a previous brain CT scan, 11 of which were normal (28.2%). Thirty-five (89.74%) patients had a pathological MRI. The main etiologies found were toxoplasmosis (37.14%), tuberculosis (17.14%), cerebral atrophy (17.14%) and HIV encephalitis (14.28%). Among the eleven patients with a normal Computer Tomography scan, the MRI found 7 abnormalities including 1 case of toxoplasmosis, 3 cases of HIV encephalitis and 3 cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> MRI played an important role in the diagnosis of CNS disorders in HIV-infected individuals. It can be used to differentiate and characterize various brain lesions. Improving its accessibility in sub-Saharan Africa should contribute to better care for people living with HIV.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Tendinopathy of the thoracic limb (TMT) is frequent, and is responsible for an important socio-professional handicap. Medical imaging, in particular, ultrasound has a major r...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Tendinopathy of the thoracic limb (TMT) is frequent, and is responsible for an important socio-professional handicap. Medical imaging, in particular, ultrasound has a major role in contributing to the diagnosis. As the use of ultrasound is recent in osteoarticular pathology, especially in Africa, we proposed to determine the contribution of imaging in the diagnosis of tendinopathy of the thoracic limbs in a country with limited resources. <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of patients with tendinopathy of the thoracic limb who consulted the rheumatology department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou from August 6, 2019 to October 6, 2019. We evaluated the concordance of thoracic limb tendinopathy between imaging (radiography and ultrasound) and the clinic on the one hand and then between radiography and ultrasound on the other hand. The analysis of the collected data was carried out with the Epi-info software version 7.2.1.0. Then the concordance was evaluated by the kappa coefficient. <strong>Results:</strong> Fifty- two (52) patients with 104 joints were evaluated. The average age was 54.92 ± 3.40 years. Clinically, rotator cuff tendinopathy was the most frequent abarticular pathology (45.19%). The clinical-ultrasound agreement was strong (k = 0.7527) for the shoulders, very strong (k = 0.9360) for the elbows and moderate for the wrists (k = 0.6695). The clinical-radiographic agreement was weak (k = 0.2316) at the shoulder level and very weak (k = 0.2087) at the elbow level. The radio-ultrasound agreement was very low in the shoulders (k = 0.1522), elbows (k = 0.1859) and wrists (k = 0.0001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The contribution of imaging in the diagnosis of TMT remains certain even in a country with limited resources like ours. Ultrasound is a reliable examination for the diagnosis of non-traumatic tendinopathy of the thoracic limb with a good clinical-ultra- sound concordance and a weak radio-clinical and radio-ultrasound c展开更多
Goal: This study aims to evaluate the contribution of the whole body scanner in the management of severe traumas. Patient and Method: It is a retrospective analytical study, carried out at the Armentieres Hospital Cen...Goal: This study aims to evaluate the contribution of the whole body scanner in the management of severe traumas. Patient and Method: It is a retrospective analytical study, carried out at the Armentieres Hospital Centre (France) over a period of 14 months. It analyzes computed tomography reports and emergency department results of severe trauma patients immediately stabled at the entrance or stabilized after benefiting from a full body scanner according to Vittel criteria. Results: One hundred eighty patients were included in the study with an average age of 32.71 years old. One hundred and twelve patients (62.2%) had at least one clinical sign and only 48 patients presented a lesion on the computed tomography (26.7%). Sixty-two patients (34.4%) showed neither clinical signs nor damage in scan. The radio-clinical correlation was bad at spinal and abdominal level, mediocre at brain and chest level, but it was medium in the pelvis. The average radiation dose per patient was 3319.21 mGy⋅cm. Conclusion: The whole body computed tomography or scanning allows fast images acquisition compatible with emergency situation and with a satisfactory diagnostic reliability, but still remains an irradiating exam. The results of this study lead to reflect on the use of Vittel criteria that could be improved to reduce the number of normal tests carried out.展开更多
Goal: The goal of this study is to define the epidemiological profile and identify the different brain lesions diagnosed in ultrasonography in preterm infants in Benin environment. Patients and methods: It is a prospe...Goal: The goal of this study is to define the epidemiological profile and identify the different brain lesions diagnosed in ultrasonography in preterm infants in Benin environment. Patients and methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study of analytical aiming. It took place over a period of 6 months, from May 1<sup>st</sup> to October 31<sup>st</sup>, 2012 at the National Hospital University Centre Koutoukou Hubert Maga in neonatal units and medical scanning unit. It covered 105 premature newborn, classified into the very prematurity and the moderate prematurity. Results: The very premature represented 35.2% and the moderate premature 64.8%, with an average of 33.5% and 1.9 of standard deviation. The average age when implementing ultrasonographic transfontanellar was 7.2 ± 4.6 days old. The lowest birth weight was observed in very premature with p = 0.0025. The nasopharyngeal septum pellucidum was the most found lesions in 46 preterm infants (43.8%) with no statistically significantly difference in two groups, followed by the ventricular haemorrhage found in 21 preterm infants accounting for 20%, and the grade 1 or sub-ependymal haemorrhage prevailed in 14 premature accounting for 66.7%, afterward periventricular leukomalacia in 4 premature infants and hydrocephalus in 2 premature. Conclusion: The nasopharyngeal septum pellucidum and the sub-ependymal ventricular haemorrhage were the predominant anomalies in premature infants followed by leukomalacia.展开更多
<strong>Introduction</strong>: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism. The increasing use of bone and joint ultrasound as a tool to aid in the detection of unrefined s...<strong>Introduction</strong>: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism. The increasing use of bone and joint ultrasound as a tool to aid in the detection of unrefined synovitis in developed countries, has led us to study the performance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of RA in subjects consulting in rheumatology at Cotonou. <strong>Study Method:</strong> Descriptive cross-sectional study of patients with RA, selected on the basis of ACR/ EULAR 2010 criteria. A complete clinical examination with imaging including X-rays and ultrasounds of the hands and feet were performed in all patients who have given their consent. The data collected was analyzed using EPI data 3.1 and SPSS 24.0 software. The significance rate was defined with a p-value < 5%. Cohen’s Kappa (k) test was used to assess agreement. <strong>Results:</strong> All 53 patients included had lesions on ultrasound. Synovitis was found in 98.1% and bone erosions in 88.7%. There was no agreement in the wrists between clinical examination and ultrasound (k = <span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>0.116), MCP (k = <span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>0.097) and MTP (k = <span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>0.031). Agreement was very low at the PPI level (k = 0.03). It was low at the different sites, between ultrasound and radiographic detection of lesions (k between 0.022 - 0.22). Age, positive immunologic RA factor and biological inflammatory syndrome were associated with ultrasound erosions (p = 0.0001) and only age was associated with active synovitis (p = 0.022). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Bone and articular ultrasound is a good complementary alternative to clinical examination and radiography diagnostic in early diagnosis of RA in our developing countries, in the absence of MRI which remains a luxury.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), a relatively re-cent technique, allows an indirect and non-invasive diagnosis of intracranial hypertension. The ONSD ratio to eyeb...<strong>Background:</strong> Measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), a relatively re-cent technique, allows an indirect and non-invasive diagnosis of intracranial hypertension. The ONSD ratio to eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) increases this reliability of the technique. The objective of this study was to determine the normal ONSD and its ratio with ETD in black African adults in Benin. <strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2019 and August 2019. Ultrasound ONSD and ONSD/ETD ratio were meas-ured in 210 healthy adults received in the medical imaging department of the Borgou and Alibori University Hospital Center in Benin. The ONSD corre-sponded to the average of 12 measurements (03 horizontal and 03 vertical for each eye) taken 3 mm behind the papilla. The transverse ETD corresponded to the average of 03 measurements. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean ONSD was 4.20 ± 0.28 mm (95% CI = [4.17;4.24] mm and 95th percentile = 4.70 mm). The mean ETD was 24.25 ± 1.10 mm. The ONSD/ETD ratio was 0.17 ± 0.01 (95% CI = [0.17;0.17] and 95th percentile = 0.19). There was no difference between ver-tical and horizontal ONSD and between right and left ONSD. The ONSD and the ONSD/ETD ratio were not correlated with any of the socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics studied (sex, age, ethnicity, weight, height, body mass index, head circumference and waist circumference). The ONSD was associated with ETD (p < 0.001 and r = 0.55). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> An ONSD and an ONSD/ETD ratio respectively greater than 4.70 mm and 0.19 should sus-pect intracranial hypertension. The ONSD/ETD ratio may be a better indicator of HICT because of its small variation.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this piece of work is to study the contribution of pelvic ultrasound while exploring pelvic pathologies at Hubert Koutoukou Maga Teaching University Hospital “CNHU-...<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this piece of work is to study the contribution of pelvic ultrasound while exploring pelvic pathologies at Hubert Koutoukou Maga Teaching University Hospital “CNHU-HKM” and at the Teaching University Hospital of Mother and Child “CHU-MEL” of Cotonou. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study with prospective collec-tion was carried out at the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics “CUGO” at the CNHU-HKM and in the gynecology department of the CHU-MEL, over a period of 4 months (May to August 2018). We included in this study women over 12 years old who performed a pelvic ultrasound and were followed in the aforementioned health centers. <strong>Results:</strong> The population of the study consisted of 181 patients. The pelvic ultrasound request frequency was 18.84% compared to all ultrasound examinations. The age group of 25 - 29 years old was the most represented (22.10%). Pelvic pain was the first mo-tive for pelvic ultrasound request (39.8%). The abnormalities found by ultra-sound were uterine and ovarian respectively in 55.4% and 38% of cases. Uter-ine pathology was dominated by uterine myoma (44%). Ovarian cyst (13%) and ovarian dystrophy (14%) were the main ovarian pathologies. There was a statistically significant relationship between certain reasons for consultation, mainly metrorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, leucorrhoea (p < 5%) and the ultrasound result. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The ultrasound remains the first choice examination and is of a great value in exploring pelvic pathologies. In most cases, it helps to find the responsible lesion and to make the appropriate ther-apeutic decisions.展开更多
Whether on dialysis or not, native kidneys in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergo morphological and structural changes. <strong>Objective:</strong> To study native kidney morphometric and structu...Whether on dialysis or not, native kidneys in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergo morphological and structural changes. <strong>Objective:</strong> To study native kidney morphometric and structural aspects in CKD patients on dialysis and non-dialysis patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> It was a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted from May to December 2018. The study enrolled CKD patients on dialysis or not followed at CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Renal ultrasound was performed to locate cysts and uroscanner completed in the presence of atypical cysts. Through logistic regression, associated factors were determined. <strong>Results:</strong> The sample size was 240 patients, of which 151 (62.9%) were receiving dialysis and 89 (37.1%) non-dialysis patients. Male subjects were predominant (sex ratio = 1.5). The average size of the right kidney, expressed in mm in patients on dialysis was: pole-to-pole length = 78.56;width = 42.06;cortical thickness = 11.80;and the left kidney: pole-to-pole length = 79.76;width = 41.53;cortical thickness = 12.6. For non-dialysis patients, the following size was recorded for the right kidney: pole-to-pole length = 92.35;width = 47.61;cortical thickness = 15.64;and left kidney: length = 92.13;width = 47.82;cortical thickness = 15.43. Predictive factors for the occurrence of acquired renal cysts were: old age (p = 0.0001), dialysis (p < 0.001) and diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.0014). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> CKD patients on dialysis have small kidneys and are more likely to develop acquired renal cysts. There is a need to carry out an annual ultrasound screening for native kidneys in patients receiving dialysis.展开更多
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Damage to the nasal cavities and sinuses of the face concern many disciplines, especially the specialist in Otorhinolaryngology and Cervi-cal-Facial Surgery (ENT-CFS), since most symptoms have little value to direct the patient towards a precise diagnosis, radiological exploration, including three-dimensional imaging, provides diagnostic, therapeutic and follow-up support. The aim is to study the clinical and computed tomography scan as-pects of non-traumatic chronic nasosinusitis disorders at the Teaching Univer-sity Hospital of Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU/HKM) in Cotonou. Materi-al and <strong>Method:</strong> It was a descriptive and analytical study with retrospective collection, carried out over a period of 36 months from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2016;on 261 files of patients seen in Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and Cervico Facial Surgery (CFS) consultating for a chronic nasosinusi-tis disorder with no trauma notion and having performed a CT scan. <strong>Results:</strong> Chronic lesions of the nasal sinus cavities accounted for 13.42% of ENT con-sultations. There was female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.85. The clinic varied, the most common signs were rhinorrhea (74%), headache (73.6%) and sneezing (38.3%). On computed tomography scan, 225 results were pathologi-cal. Sinus backfilling was in the lead with 66.7% followed by mucous thicken-ing with 60.44%, and by bone involvement in 28%. Inflammatory pathologies (82.22%) were on top of the list, followed by pseudo-tumoral pathologies (20.9%). The anterior sinus complex was the most affected (56%) with predominance of the maxillary sinuses. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> chronic nasosinusitis dis-orders are frequent in daily practice, with a varied clinic. Computed tomogra-phy scan is a major diagnostic tool that should be favored.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with an increasing prevalence of related cognitive impairments. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the early detection of lesions. This work aimed to describe the MRI aspects of different brain lesions occurred in HIV positive patients in our practice. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from June 2014 to July 2016 in the medical imaging department of the EL RAPHA private Polyclinic in Libreville, Gabon. It included all patients referred for imaging for the exploration of a Central Nervous System (CNS) lesions at MRI, based on clinical and/or paraclinical arguments. <strong>Results:</strong> Among the 39 patients included, 19 (48.7%) had a previous brain CT scan, 11 of which were normal (28.2%). Thirty-five (89.74%) patients had a pathological MRI. The main etiologies found were toxoplasmosis (37.14%), tuberculosis (17.14%), cerebral atrophy (17.14%) and HIV encephalitis (14.28%). Among the eleven patients with a normal Computer Tomography scan, the MRI found 7 abnormalities including 1 case of toxoplasmosis, 3 cases of HIV encephalitis and 3 cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> MRI played an important role in the diagnosis of CNS disorders in HIV-infected individuals. It can be used to differentiate and characterize various brain lesions. Improving its accessibility in sub-Saharan Africa should contribute to better care for people living with HIV.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Tendinopathy of the thoracic limb (TMT) is frequent, and is responsible for an important socio-professional handicap. Medical imaging, in particular, ultrasound has a major role in contributing to the diagnosis. As the use of ultrasound is recent in osteoarticular pathology, especially in Africa, we proposed to determine the contribution of imaging in the diagnosis of tendinopathy of the thoracic limbs in a country with limited resources. <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of patients with tendinopathy of the thoracic limb who consulted the rheumatology department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou from August 6, 2019 to October 6, 2019. We evaluated the concordance of thoracic limb tendinopathy between imaging (radiography and ultrasound) and the clinic on the one hand and then between radiography and ultrasound on the other hand. The analysis of the collected data was carried out with the Epi-info software version 7.2.1.0. Then the concordance was evaluated by the kappa coefficient. <strong>Results:</strong> Fifty- two (52) patients with 104 joints were evaluated. The average age was 54.92 ± 3.40 years. Clinically, rotator cuff tendinopathy was the most frequent abarticular pathology (45.19%). The clinical-ultrasound agreement was strong (k = 0.7527) for the shoulders, very strong (k = 0.9360) for the elbows and moderate for the wrists (k = 0.6695). The clinical-radiographic agreement was weak (k = 0.2316) at the shoulder level and very weak (k = 0.2087) at the elbow level. The radio-ultrasound agreement was very low in the shoulders (k = 0.1522), elbows (k = 0.1859) and wrists (k = 0.0001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The contribution of imaging in the diagnosis of TMT remains certain even in a country with limited resources like ours. Ultrasound is a reliable examination for the diagnosis of non-traumatic tendinopathy of the thoracic limb with a good clinical-ultra- sound concordance and a weak radio-clinical and radio-ultrasound c
文摘Goal: This study aims to evaluate the contribution of the whole body scanner in the management of severe traumas. Patient and Method: It is a retrospective analytical study, carried out at the Armentieres Hospital Centre (France) over a period of 14 months. It analyzes computed tomography reports and emergency department results of severe trauma patients immediately stabled at the entrance or stabilized after benefiting from a full body scanner according to Vittel criteria. Results: One hundred eighty patients were included in the study with an average age of 32.71 years old. One hundred and twelve patients (62.2%) had at least one clinical sign and only 48 patients presented a lesion on the computed tomography (26.7%). Sixty-two patients (34.4%) showed neither clinical signs nor damage in scan. The radio-clinical correlation was bad at spinal and abdominal level, mediocre at brain and chest level, but it was medium in the pelvis. The average radiation dose per patient was 3319.21 mGy⋅cm. Conclusion: The whole body computed tomography or scanning allows fast images acquisition compatible with emergency situation and with a satisfactory diagnostic reliability, but still remains an irradiating exam. The results of this study lead to reflect on the use of Vittel criteria that could be improved to reduce the number of normal tests carried out.
文摘Goal: The goal of this study is to define the epidemiological profile and identify the different brain lesions diagnosed in ultrasonography in preterm infants in Benin environment. Patients and methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study of analytical aiming. It took place over a period of 6 months, from May 1<sup>st</sup> to October 31<sup>st</sup>, 2012 at the National Hospital University Centre Koutoukou Hubert Maga in neonatal units and medical scanning unit. It covered 105 premature newborn, classified into the very prematurity and the moderate prematurity. Results: The very premature represented 35.2% and the moderate premature 64.8%, with an average of 33.5% and 1.9 of standard deviation. The average age when implementing ultrasonographic transfontanellar was 7.2 ± 4.6 days old. The lowest birth weight was observed in very premature with p = 0.0025. The nasopharyngeal septum pellucidum was the most found lesions in 46 preterm infants (43.8%) with no statistically significantly difference in two groups, followed by the ventricular haemorrhage found in 21 preterm infants accounting for 20%, and the grade 1 or sub-ependymal haemorrhage prevailed in 14 premature accounting for 66.7%, afterward periventricular leukomalacia in 4 premature infants and hydrocephalus in 2 premature. Conclusion: The nasopharyngeal septum pellucidum and the sub-ependymal ventricular haemorrhage were the predominant anomalies in premature infants followed by leukomalacia.
文摘<strong>Introduction</strong>: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism. The increasing use of bone and joint ultrasound as a tool to aid in the detection of unrefined synovitis in developed countries, has led us to study the performance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of RA in subjects consulting in rheumatology at Cotonou. <strong>Study Method:</strong> Descriptive cross-sectional study of patients with RA, selected on the basis of ACR/ EULAR 2010 criteria. A complete clinical examination with imaging including X-rays and ultrasounds of the hands and feet were performed in all patients who have given their consent. The data collected was analyzed using EPI data 3.1 and SPSS 24.0 software. The significance rate was defined with a p-value < 5%. Cohen’s Kappa (k) test was used to assess agreement. <strong>Results:</strong> All 53 patients included had lesions on ultrasound. Synovitis was found in 98.1% and bone erosions in 88.7%. There was no agreement in the wrists between clinical examination and ultrasound (k = <span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>0.116), MCP (k = <span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>0.097) and MTP (k = <span style="white-space:nowrap;">-</span>0.031). Agreement was very low at the PPI level (k = 0.03). It was low at the different sites, between ultrasound and radiographic detection of lesions (k between 0.022 - 0.22). Age, positive immunologic RA factor and biological inflammatory syndrome were associated with ultrasound erosions (p = 0.0001) and only age was associated with active synovitis (p = 0.022). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Bone and articular ultrasound is a good complementary alternative to clinical examination and radiography diagnostic in early diagnosis of RA in our developing countries, in the absence of MRI which remains a luxury.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), a relatively re-cent technique, allows an indirect and non-invasive diagnosis of intracranial hypertension. The ONSD ratio to eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) increases this reliability of the technique. The objective of this study was to determine the normal ONSD and its ratio with ETD in black African adults in Benin. <strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2019 and August 2019. Ultrasound ONSD and ONSD/ETD ratio were meas-ured in 210 healthy adults received in the medical imaging department of the Borgou and Alibori University Hospital Center in Benin. The ONSD corre-sponded to the average of 12 measurements (03 horizontal and 03 vertical for each eye) taken 3 mm behind the papilla. The transverse ETD corresponded to the average of 03 measurements. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean ONSD was 4.20 ± 0.28 mm (95% CI = [4.17;4.24] mm and 95th percentile = 4.70 mm). The mean ETD was 24.25 ± 1.10 mm. The ONSD/ETD ratio was 0.17 ± 0.01 (95% CI = [0.17;0.17] and 95th percentile = 0.19). There was no difference between ver-tical and horizontal ONSD and between right and left ONSD. The ONSD and the ONSD/ETD ratio were not correlated with any of the socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics studied (sex, age, ethnicity, weight, height, body mass index, head circumference and waist circumference). The ONSD was associated with ETD (p < 0.001 and r = 0.55). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> An ONSD and an ONSD/ETD ratio respectively greater than 4.70 mm and 0.19 should sus-pect intracranial hypertension. The ONSD/ETD ratio may be a better indicator of HICT because of its small variation.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this piece of work is to study the contribution of pelvic ultrasound while exploring pelvic pathologies at Hubert Koutoukou Maga Teaching University Hospital “CNHU-HKM” and at the Teaching University Hospital of Mother and Child “CHU-MEL” of Cotonou. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study with prospective collec-tion was carried out at the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics “CUGO” at the CNHU-HKM and in the gynecology department of the CHU-MEL, over a period of 4 months (May to August 2018). We included in this study women over 12 years old who performed a pelvic ultrasound and were followed in the aforementioned health centers. <strong>Results:</strong> The population of the study consisted of 181 patients. The pelvic ultrasound request frequency was 18.84% compared to all ultrasound examinations. The age group of 25 - 29 years old was the most represented (22.10%). Pelvic pain was the first mo-tive for pelvic ultrasound request (39.8%). The abnormalities found by ultra-sound were uterine and ovarian respectively in 55.4% and 38% of cases. Uter-ine pathology was dominated by uterine myoma (44%). Ovarian cyst (13%) and ovarian dystrophy (14%) were the main ovarian pathologies. There was a statistically significant relationship between certain reasons for consultation, mainly metrorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, leucorrhoea (p < 5%) and the ultrasound result. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The ultrasound remains the first choice examination and is of a great value in exploring pelvic pathologies. In most cases, it helps to find the responsible lesion and to make the appropriate ther-apeutic decisions.
文摘Whether on dialysis or not, native kidneys in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergo morphological and structural changes. <strong>Objective:</strong> To study native kidney morphometric and structural aspects in CKD patients on dialysis and non-dialysis patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> It was a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted from May to December 2018. The study enrolled CKD patients on dialysis or not followed at CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Renal ultrasound was performed to locate cysts and uroscanner completed in the presence of atypical cysts. Through logistic regression, associated factors were determined. <strong>Results:</strong> The sample size was 240 patients, of which 151 (62.9%) were receiving dialysis and 89 (37.1%) non-dialysis patients. Male subjects were predominant (sex ratio = 1.5). The average size of the right kidney, expressed in mm in patients on dialysis was: pole-to-pole length = 78.56;width = 42.06;cortical thickness = 11.80;and the left kidney: pole-to-pole length = 79.76;width = 41.53;cortical thickness = 12.6. For non-dialysis patients, the following size was recorded for the right kidney: pole-to-pole length = 92.35;width = 47.61;cortical thickness = 15.64;and left kidney: length = 92.13;width = 47.82;cortical thickness = 15.43. Predictive factors for the occurrence of acquired renal cysts were: old age (p = 0.0001), dialysis (p < 0.001) and diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.0014). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> CKD patients on dialysis have small kidneys and are more likely to develop acquired renal cysts. There is a need to carry out an annual ultrasound screening for native kidneys in patients receiving dialysis.
