Hydrogen sulfide （H2S） is an important gaseous molecule in various plant developmental processes and plant stress responses. In this study, the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants with modulated expressions of tw...Hydrogen sulfide （H2S） is an important gaseous molecule in various plant developmental processes and plant stress responses. In this study, the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants with modulated expressions of two cysteine desulfhydrases, and exogenous H2S donor （sodium hydrosulfide, NariS） and H2S scavenger （hypotaurine, HT） pre-treated plants were used to dissect the involvement of H2S in plant stress responses. The cysteine desulfhydrases overexpressing plants and NariS pre-treated plants exhibited higher endogenous H2S level and improved abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance, while cysteine desulfhydrases knockdown plants and HT pre-treated plants displayed lower endogenous H2S level and decreased stress resistance. Moreover, H2S upregulated the transcripts of multiple abiotic and biotic stress-related genes, and inhibited reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation. Interest- ingly, MlR393-mediated auxin signaling including MIR393a/b and their target genes （TIR1, AFB1, AFB2, and AFB3） was transcrip-tionally regulated by H2S, and was related with H2S-induced antibacterial resistance. Moreover, H2S regulated 50 carbon metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and aromatic amines. Taken together, these results indicated that cysteine desulfhydrase and H2S conferred abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance, via affecting the stress-related gene expressions, ROS metabolism, metabolic homeostasis, and MIR393-targeted auxin receptors.展开更多
Nonlinear science research is a hot point in the world. It has deepened our cognition of determinism and randomicity, simplicity and com-plexity, noise and order and it will profoundly influ-ence the progress of the s...Nonlinear science research is a hot point in the world. It has deepened our cognition of determinism and randomicity, simplicity and com-plexity, noise and order and it will profoundly influ-ence the progress of the study of natural science, including life science. Life is the most complex nonlinear system and heart is the core of lifecycle system. In the late more than 20 years, nonlinear research on heart electric activities has made much headway. The commonly used parameters are based on chaos and fractal theory, such as correlation dimension, Lyapunov ex-ponent, Kolmogorov entropy and multifractal singu-larity spectrum. This paper summarizes the commonly used methods in the nonlinear study of heart electric signal. Then, considering the shortages of the above tradi-tional nonlinear parameters, we mainly introduce the results on short-term heart rate variability (HRV) signal (500 R-R intervals) and HFECG signal (1-2s). Finally, we point out it is worthwhile to put emphasis on the study of the sensitive nonlinearity parameters of short-term heart electric signal and their dynamic character and clinical effectivity.展开更多
AIM: To investigate nicotinamide’s action on glucose metabolism, and the association between niacin consumption and obesity prevalence. METHODS: Dynamic nicotinamide’s effect on plasma hydrogen peroxide and glucose ...AIM: To investigate nicotinamide’s action on glucose metabolism, and the association between niacin consumption and obesity prevalence. METHODS: Dynamic nicotinamide’s effect on plasma hydrogen peroxide and glucose metabolism was in- vestigated using oral glucose tolerance tests with or without nicotinamide in the same five healthy subjects.Lag-regression analysis was used to examine the association between the niacin consumption and the obesity prevalence among US children using the data from the Economic Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture and from US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the control oral glucose tolerance test, the 1-h plasma hydrogen peroxide (1.4 ± 0.1 μmol/L vs 1.6 ± 0.1 μmol/L, P = 0.016) and insulin levels (247.1 ± 129.0 pmol/L vs 452.6 ± 181.8 pmol/L, P = 0.028) were signif icantly higher, and the 3-h blood glucose was signif icantly lower (5.8 ± 1.2 mmol/L vs 4.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L, P = 0.002) after coadministration of glucose and 300 mg nicotinamide. The obesity prevalence among American children increased with the increasing per capita niacin consumption, the increasing grain contribution to niacin due to niacin-fortification, and the increasing niacin-fortified ready-to-eat cereal consumption, with a 10-year lag. The regression analyses showed that the obesity prevalence in the US children of all age groups was determined by niacin consumption (R2 = 0.814, 0.961 and 0.94 for 2-5 years, 6-11 years and 12-19 years age groups, respectively). CONCLUSION: The appetite-stimulating effect of nicotinamide appears to involve oxidative stress. Excess niacin consumption may be a major factor in the increased obesity prevalence in US children.展开更多
AIM： To investigate whether nicotinamide overload plays a role in type 2 diabetes. METHODS： Nicotinamide metabolic patterns of 14 diabetic and 14 non-diabetic subjects were compared using HPLC. Cumulative effects of...AIM： To investigate whether nicotinamide overload plays a role in type 2 diabetes. METHODS： Nicotinamide metabolic patterns of 14 diabetic and 14 non-diabetic subjects were compared using HPLC. Cumulative effects of nicotinamide and N^1-methylnicotinamide on glucose metabolism, plasma HzO2 levels and tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide （NAD） contents of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were observed. The role of human sweat glands and rat skin in nicotinamide metabolism was investigated using sauna and burn injury, respectively. RESULTS： Diabetic subjects had significantly higher plasma N^1-methylnicotinamide levels 5 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load than the non-diabetic subjects （0.89 ± 0.13 μmol/L vs 0.6 ± 0.13 μmol/L, P 〈 0.001）. Cumulative doses of nicotinamide （2 g/kg） significantly increased rat plasma Nl-methylnicotinamide concentrations associated with severe insulin resistance, which was mimicked by Nl-methy-Inicotinamide. Moreover, cumulative exposure to N^1- methylnicotinamide （2 g/kg） markedly reduced rat muscle and liver NAD contents and erythrocyte NAD/ NADH ratio, and increased plasma H2O2 levels. Decrease in NAD/NADH ratio and increase in H2O2 generation were also observed in human erythrocytes after exposure to N^1-methylnicotinamide in vitro. Sweating eliminated excessive nicotinamide （5.3-fold increase in sweat nicotinamide concentration 1 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load）. Skin damage or aldehyde oxidase inhibition with tamoxifen or olanzapine, both being notorious for impairing glucose tolerance, delayed N^1- methylnicotinamide clearance. CONCLUSION： These findings suggest that nicotinamide overload, which induced an increase in plasma N^1- methylnicotinamide, associated with oxidative stress and insulin resistance, plays a role in type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells represent a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology with low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency.In light of the rapid development of perovskite materials and device...Perovskite solar cells represent a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology with low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency.In light of the rapid development of perovskite materials and devices,a systematic survey on the latest advancements covering a broad range of related work is urgently needed.This review summarizes the recent major advances in the research of perovskite solar cells from a material science perspective.The discussed topics include the devices based on different type of perovskites(organic-inorganic hybrid,all-inorganic,and lead-free perovskite and perovskite quantum dots),the properties of perovskite defects,different type of charge transport materials(organic,polymeric,and inorganic hole transport materials and inorganic and organic electron transport materials),counter electrodes,and interfacial materials used to improve the efficiency and stability of devices.Most discussions focus on the key progresses reported within the recent five years.Meanwhile,the major issues limiting the production of perovskite solar cells and the prospects for the future development of related materials are discussed.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effects of a community hospital integrated model on the longitu-dinal management of diabetic patients.Methods:Four hundred forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes residing in Jingsong Commu-...Objective:To determine the effects of a community hospital integrated model on the longitu-dinal management of diabetic patients.Methods:Four hundred forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes residing in Jingsong Commu-nity were randomly assigned to intensive and standard groups.Metabolic parameters were meas-ured in the two groups at baseline and after 36 months of management to compare the rate of goal achievement.Results:After comprehensive management,the overall control rate in the intensive group was increased from 2.7%to 9.6%compared with 2.3%-4.5%in the standard group.Specifically,the control rates for fasting plasma glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,and blood pressure in the intensive group were significantly increased from 54.1%,40.0%,and 68.2%to 85.5%,74.6%,and 89.1%,respectively.The control rate for glycosylated hemoglobin in the intensive group was significantly higher than the standard group after 36 months of treatment.Conclusion:The community hospital integrated model for longitudinal management effec-tively improved the control rate of glycosylated hemoglobin and the overall control rate in patients with type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Background Infection due to pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa （PDRPA） has become a challenge in clinical practice. The aim of this research was to summarize the treatment of large-area burns （60%-80%） with ...Background Infection due to pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa （PDRPA） has become a challenge in clinical practice. The aim of this research was to summarize the treatment of large-area burns （60%-80%） with PDRPA infection and respiratory failure in our hospital over the last two years, and to explore a feasible treatment protocol for such patients.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the treatment of five patients with large-area burns accompanied by PDRPA infection and respiratory failure transferred to our hospital from burn units in hospitals in other Chinese cities from January 2008 to February 2010. Before PDRPA infection occurred, all five patients had open wounds with large areas of granulation because of the failure of surgery and dissolving of scar tissue; they had also undergone long-term administration of carbapenems. This therapy included ventilatory support, rigorous repair of wounds, and combined antibiotic therapy targeted at drug-resistance mechanisms, including carbapenems, ciprofloxacin, macrolide antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors.Results Four patients recovered from bums and one died after therapy.Conclusions First, compromised immunity caused by delayed healing of burn wounds in patients with large-area bums and long-term administration of carbapenems may be the important factors in the initiation and progression of PDRPA infection. Second, if targeted at drug-resistance mechanisms, combined antibiotic therapy using carbapenems,ciprofloxacin, macrolide antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors could effectively control PDRPA infection. Third, although patients with large-area burns suffered respiratory failure and had high risks from anesthesia and surgery, only aggressive skin grafting with ventilatory support could control the infection and save lives. Patients may not be able to tolerate a long surgical procedure, so the duration of surgery should be minimized, and the frequency of surgery increased.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370302)"the Hundred Talents Program"(54Y154761001076 and 29Y32963100263) to Zhulong Chan+2 种基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31200194)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(29Y42937100437)the Knowledge Innovative Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(55Y45544600544) to Haitao Shi
文摘Hydrogen sulfide （H2S） is an important gaseous molecule in various plant developmental processes and plant stress responses. In this study, the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants with modulated expressions of two cysteine desulfhydrases, and exogenous H2S donor （sodium hydrosulfide, NariS） and H2S scavenger （hypotaurine, HT） pre-treated plants were used to dissect the involvement of H2S in plant stress responses. The cysteine desulfhydrases overexpressing plants and NariS pre-treated plants exhibited higher endogenous H2S level and improved abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance, while cysteine desulfhydrases knockdown plants and HT pre-treated plants displayed lower endogenous H2S level and decreased stress resistance. Moreover, H2S upregulated the transcripts of multiple abiotic and biotic stress-related genes, and inhibited reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation. Interest- ingly, MlR393-mediated auxin signaling including MIR393a/b and their target genes （TIR1, AFB1, AFB2, and AFB3） was transcrip-tionally regulated by H2S, and was related with H2S-induced antibacterial resistance. Moreover, H2S regulated 50 carbon metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and aromatic amines. Taken together, these results indicated that cysteine desulfhydrase and H2S conferred abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance, via affecting the stress-related gene expressions, ROS metabolism, metabolic homeostasis, and MIR393-targeted auxin receptors.
文摘Nonlinear science research is a hot point in the world. It has deepened our cognition of determinism and randomicity, simplicity and com-plexity, noise and order and it will profoundly influ-ence the progress of the study of natural science, including life science. Life is the most complex nonlinear system and heart is the core of lifecycle system. In the late more than 20 years, nonlinear research on heart electric activities has made much headway. The commonly used parameters are based on chaos and fractal theory, such as correlation dimension, Lyapunov ex-ponent, Kolmogorov entropy and multifractal singu-larity spectrum. This paper summarizes the commonly used methods in the nonlinear study of heart electric signal. Then, considering the shortages of the above tradi-tional nonlinear parameters, we mainly introduce the results on short-term heart rate variability (HRV) signal (500 R-R intervals) and HFECG signal (1-2s). Finally, we point out it is worthwhile to put emphasis on the study of the sensitive nonlinearity parameters of short-term heart electric signal and their dynamic character and clinical effectivity.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30570665the Foundation of Dalian Technology Bureau, No. 2008E13SF182the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Education Department of Liaoning Province, No. 2009S005
文摘AIM: To investigate nicotinamide’s action on glucose metabolism, and the association between niacin consumption and obesity prevalence. METHODS: Dynamic nicotinamide’s effect on plasma hydrogen peroxide and glucose metabolism was in- vestigated using oral glucose tolerance tests with or without nicotinamide in the same five healthy subjects.Lag-regression analysis was used to examine the association between the niacin consumption and the obesity prevalence among US children using the data from the Economic Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture and from US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the control oral glucose tolerance test, the 1-h plasma hydrogen peroxide (1.4 ± 0.1 μmol/L vs 1.6 ± 0.1 μmol/L, P = 0.016) and insulin levels (247.1 ± 129.0 pmol/L vs 452.6 ± 181.8 pmol/L, P = 0.028) were signif icantly higher, and the 3-h blood glucose was signif icantly lower (5.8 ± 1.2 mmol/L vs 4.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L, P = 0.002) after coadministration of glucose and 300 mg nicotinamide. The obesity prevalence among American children increased with the increasing per capita niacin consumption, the increasing grain contribution to niacin due to niacin-fortification, and the increasing niacin-fortified ready-to-eat cereal consumption, with a 10-year lag. The regression analyses showed that the obesity prevalence in the US children of all age groups was determined by niacin consumption (R2 = 0.814, 0.961 and 0.94 for 2-5 years, 6-11 years and 12-19 years age groups, respectively). CONCLUSION: The appetite-stimulating effect of nicotinamide appears to involve oxidative stress. Excess niacin consumption may be a major factor in the increased obesity prevalence in US children.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30570665the Foundation of Dalian Technology Bureau, No. 2008E13SF182the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Education Department of Liaoning Province,No. 2009S005
文摘AIM： To investigate whether nicotinamide overload plays a role in type 2 diabetes. METHODS： Nicotinamide metabolic patterns of 14 diabetic and 14 non-diabetic subjects were compared using HPLC. Cumulative effects of nicotinamide and N^1-methylnicotinamide on glucose metabolism, plasma HzO2 levels and tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide （NAD） contents of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were observed. The role of human sweat glands and rat skin in nicotinamide metabolism was investigated using sauna and burn injury, respectively. RESULTS： Diabetic subjects had significantly higher plasma N^1-methylnicotinamide levels 5 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load than the non-diabetic subjects （0.89 ± 0.13 μmol/L vs 0.6 ± 0.13 μmol/L, P 〈 0.001）. Cumulative doses of nicotinamide （2 g/kg） significantly increased rat plasma Nl-methylnicotinamide concentrations associated with severe insulin resistance, which was mimicked by Nl-methy-Inicotinamide. Moreover, cumulative exposure to N^1- methylnicotinamide （2 g/kg） markedly reduced rat muscle and liver NAD contents and erythrocyte NAD/ NADH ratio, and increased plasma H2O2 levels. Decrease in NAD/NADH ratio and increase in H2O2 generation were also observed in human erythrocytes after exposure to N^1-methylnicotinamide in vitro. Sweating eliminated excessive nicotinamide （5.3-fold increase in sweat nicotinamide concentration 1 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load）. Skin damage or aldehyde oxidase inhibition with tamoxifen or olanzapine, both being notorious for impairing glucose tolerance, delayed N^1- methylnicotinamide clearance. CONCLUSION： These findings suggest that nicotinamide overload, which induced an increase in plasma N^1- methylnicotinamide, associated with oxidative stress and insulin resistance, plays a role in type 2 diabetes.
文摘为探究半干旱区优化栽培模式下玉米籽粒形成及叶片对光与CO_(2)的响应机制,进行2 a的大田试验,设置对照模式(CK)、农户习惯模式(T1)和优化栽培模式(T2)3种栽培模式,研究不同栽培模式对玉米籽粒灌浆特性、产量形成、叶片光合响应曲线及相关参数的影响。结果表明:T2处理在吐丝后各生育阶段的百粒质量和平均灌浆速率均显著高于T1和CK处理,与CK和T1处理相比,T2处理的2 a平均灌浆速率分别增加了31.58%、18.00%和30.77%、9.80%,T2处理的灌浆速率在吐丝后20~30 d达到最大值,并显著高于T1和CK处理,与CK和T1处理相比,2 a分别增加33.91%、10.04%和26.28%、14.99%;T2处理的产量显著高于T1和CK处理,与T1处理相比,2 a分别增加了15.67%和14.03%;3个处理玉米叶片的净光合速率随光照强度增加而增加,当光量子密度超过300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,T2处理的净光合速率要显著高于T1与CK处理;随着生育时期的推进,T2处理的光补偿点量子效率(AQE)显著高于T1与CK处理,在灌浆期(R3)降至3个生育时期(V12、R1、R3)间的最低值;T2处理的光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)均显著高于T1与CK处理,T2处理LSP与LCP的差值均为最大,2 a 3个生育时期(V12、R1、R3)分别达到1871.6、1914.4、1891.9μmol·m^(-2)和1909.7、1848.6、1822.4μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);CO_(2)补偿点(CCP)、CO_(2)饱和点(CSP)、CO_(2)饱和时最大净光合速率(CSP_(n))和羧化效率(CE)均呈T2>T1>CK,T1与T2处理的CCP均显著高于CK处理,T2处理的CSP均显著高于T1与CK处理,T2处理CSP与CCP的差值更大,2 a 3个生育时期(V12、R1、R3)分别达到540.06、558.87、561.19μmol·m^(-2)和539.13、518.54、574.73μmol·mol^(-1);T2处理的CE在R1和R3期均显著高于T1和CK处理;T1与T2处理的Rubisco最大羧化效率(V_(cmax))、最大电子传递速率(J_(max))和磷酸丙糖利用率(TPU)均显著高于CK处理。综上所述,优化栽培模式(T2处理)可维持叶片的光合作用能力,促进�
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975264,21925112,21875122,61935016,92056119,61935016,21771008)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2191003)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Key Research and Development Project funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFB3800100,2021YFB3800101,2020YFB1506400)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019B1515120083)。
文摘Perovskite solar cells represent a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology with low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency.In light of the rapid development of perovskite materials and devices,a systematic survey on the latest advancements covering a broad range of related work is urgently needed.This review summarizes the recent major advances in the research of perovskite solar cells from a material science perspective.The discussed topics include the devices based on different type of perovskites(organic-inorganic hybrid,all-inorganic,and lead-free perovskite and perovskite quantum dots),the properties of perovskite defects,different type of charge transport materials(organic,polymeric,and inorganic hole transport materials and inorganic and organic electron transport materials),counter electrodes,and interfacial materials used to improve the efficiency and stability of devices.Most discussions focus on the key progresses reported within the recent five years.Meanwhile,the major issues limiting the production of perovskite solar cells and the prospects for the future development of related materials are discussed.
基金This project[ST12-024]is supported by a BRIDGES Grant from the International Diabetes Federation(BRIDGES,an International Diabetes Federation project,is supported by an educational grant from Lilly Diabetes.)a Grant of Special Scientific Research on Capital Health Development[2011-2005-01].
文摘Objective:To determine the effects of a community hospital integrated model on the longitu-dinal management of diabetic patients.Methods:Four hundred forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes residing in Jingsong Commu-nity were randomly assigned to intensive and standard groups.Metabolic parameters were meas-ured in the two groups at baseline and after 36 months of management to compare the rate of goal achievement.Results:After comprehensive management,the overall control rate in the intensive group was increased from 2.7%to 9.6%compared with 2.3%-4.5%in the standard group.Specifically,the control rates for fasting plasma glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,and blood pressure in the intensive group were significantly increased from 54.1%,40.0%,and 68.2%to 85.5%,74.6%,and 89.1%,respectively.The control rate for glycosylated hemoglobin in the intensive group was significantly higher than the standard group after 36 months of treatment.Conclusion:The community hospital integrated model for longitudinal management effec-tively improved the control rate of glycosylated hemoglobin and the overall control rate in patients with type 2 diabetes.
文摘Background Infection due to pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa （PDRPA） has become a challenge in clinical practice. The aim of this research was to summarize the treatment of large-area burns （60%-80%） with PDRPA infection and respiratory failure in our hospital over the last two years, and to explore a feasible treatment protocol for such patients.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the treatment of five patients with large-area burns accompanied by PDRPA infection and respiratory failure transferred to our hospital from burn units in hospitals in other Chinese cities from January 2008 to February 2010. Before PDRPA infection occurred, all five patients had open wounds with large areas of granulation because of the failure of surgery and dissolving of scar tissue; they had also undergone long-term administration of carbapenems. This therapy included ventilatory support, rigorous repair of wounds, and combined antibiotic therapy targeted at drug-resistance mechanisms, including carbapenems, ciprofloxacin, macrolide antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors.Results Four patients recovered from bums and one died after therapy.Conclusions First, compromised immunity caused by delayed healing of burn wounds in patients with large-area bums and long-term administration of carbapenems may be the important factors in the initiation and progression of PDRPA infection. Second, if targeted at drug-resistance mechanisms, combined antibiotic therapy using carbapenems,ciprofloxacin, macrolide antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors could effectively control PDRPA infection. Third, although patients with large-area burns suffered respiratory failure and had high risks from anesthesia and surgery, only aggressive skin grafting with ventilatory support could control the infection and save lives. Patients may not be able to tolerate a long surgical procedure, so the duration of surgery should be minimized, and the frequency of surgery increased.
