To investigate the cause of fine particulate matter(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 um,PM2.5) pollution in the heating season in the North China Plain(specifically Beijing,Tianjin,and Langfang),wa...To investigate the cause of fine particulate matter(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 um,PM2.5) pollution in the heating season in the North China Plain(specifically Beijing,Tianjin,and Langfang),water-soluble ions and carbonaceous components in PM2.5were simultaneously measured by online instruments with 1-hr resolution,from November 15,2016 to March 15,2017.The results showed extreme severity of PM2.5 pollution on a regional scale.Secondary inorganic ions(SNA,i.e.,NO3-+So42+NH4+) dominated the water-soluble ions,accounting for 30%-40% of PM2.5,while the total carbon(TC,i.e.,OC+EC) contributed to 26.5%-30.1% of PM2.5 IN the three cities.SNA were mainly responsible for the increasing PM2.5 pollution compared with organic matter(OM).NO3-was the most abundant species among water-soluble ions,but SO42- played a much more important role in driving the elevated PM2.5 concentrations.The relative humidity(RH) and its precursor SO2 were the key factors affecting the formation of sulfate.Homogeneous reactions dominated the formation of nitrate which was mainly limited by HNO3 in ammonia-rich conditions.Secondary formation and regional transport from the heavily polluted region promoted the growth of PM2.5 concentrations in the formation stage of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang.Regional transport or local emissions,along with secondary formation,made great contributions to the PM2.5 pollution in the evolution stage of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang.The favourable meteorological conditions and regional transport from a relatively clean region both favored the diffusion of pollutants in all three cities.展开更多
Heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and other wastes released into the environment can significantly influence environmental antibiotic resistance. We investigated the occurrence of 22 antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs) ...Heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and other wastes released into the environment can significantly influence environmental antibiotic resistance. We investigated the occurrence of 22 antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs) and 10 heavy metal concentrations, and the relationship between ARGs and heavy metals in surface sediment from seven sites of Lake Taihu. The results showed significant correlations(p < 0.05) between sediment ARG levels,especially for tetracycline and sulfonamides(e.g., tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), tet(O), sul1, sul2 and int-1) and specific heavy metals(Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, among others) in the Lake. In the surface sediments, heavy metals showed an interaction with resistance genes, but the strength of interaction was diminished with increasing depth. For most of the heavy metals, the concentration of elements in the top sediments was higher than that in other depths.Tetracycline resistance genes(tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(E) and tet(O), β-lactam resistance genes(SHV, TEM, CTX, OXA and OXY) and sulfonamide resistance genes(sulA, sul1, sul2, sul3 and int-1) were detected. They showed a trend which inferred a statistically significant increase followed by decreases in the relative abundance of these ARGs(normalized to 16 S rRNA genes) with increasing depth. This study revealed that tet(A), tet(O), TEM, OXY, int-1, sul1 and sul3 were widespread in surface sediments with high abundance, indicating that these genes deserve more attention in future work.展开更多
An efficient and accurate prediction of a precise tidal level in estuaries and coastal areas is indispensable for the management and decision-making of human activity in the field wok of marine engineering. The variat...An efficient and accurate prediction of a precise tidal level in estuaries and coastal areas is indispensable for the management and decision-making of human activity in the field wok of marine engineering. The variation of the tidal level is a time-varying process. The time-varying factors including interference from the external environment that cause the change of tides are fairly complicated. Furthermore, tidal variations are affected not only by periodic movement of celestial bodies but also by time-varying interference from the external environment. Consequently, for the efficient and precise tidal level prediction, a neuro-fuzzy hybrid technology based on the combination of harmonic analysis and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system（ANFIS）model is utilized to construct a precise tidal level prediction system, which takes both advantages of the harmonic analysis method and the ANFIS network. The proposed prediction model is composed of two modules： the astronomical tide module caused by celestial bodies’ movement and the non-astronomical tide module caused by various meteorological and other environmental factors. To generate a fuzzy inference system（FIS） structure,three approaches which include grid partition（GP）, fuzzy c-means（FCM） and sub-clustering（SC） are used in the ANFIS network constructing process. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal ANFIS based prediction model, large numbers of simulation experiments are implemented for each FIS generating approach. In this tidal prediction study, the optimal ANFIS model is used to predict the non-astronomical tide module, while the conventional harmonic analysis model is used to predict the astronomical tide module. The final prediction result is performed by combining the estimation outputs of the harmonious analysis model and the optimal ANFIS model. To demonstrate the applicability and capability of the proposed novel prediction model, measured tidal level samples of Fort Pulaski tidal station are selected as the testing databas展开更多
The analysis and the characterization of atrial fibrillation （AF） requires, in a previous key step, the extraction of the atrial activity （AA） free from 12-lead electrocardiogram （ECG）. This contribution propose...The analysis and the characterization of atrial fibrillation （AF） requires, in a previous key step, the extraction of the atrial activity （AA） free from 12-lead electrocardiogram （ECG）. This contribution proposes a novel non-invasive approach for the AA estimation in AF episodes. The method is based on blind source extraction （BSE） using high order statistics （HOS）. The validity and performance of this algorithm are confirmed by extensive computer simulations and experiments on realworld data. In contrast to blind source separation （BSS） methods, BSE only extract one desired signal, and it is easy for the machine to judge whether the extracted signal is AA source by calculating its spectrum concentration, while it is hard for the machine using BSS method to judge which one of the separated twelve signals is AA source. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to have great potential in clinical monitoring.展开更多
Numerical simulation are conducted to explore the characteristics of the axial inflow and related aerodynamic noise for a large-scale adjustable fan with the installation angle changing from−12°to 12°.In suc...Numerical simulation are conducted to explore the characteristics of the axial inflow and related aerodynamic noise for a large-scale adjustable fan with the installation angle changing from−12°to 12°.In such a range the maximum static(gauge)pressure at the inlet changes from−2280 Pa to 382 Pa,and the minimum static pressure decreases from−3389 Pa to−8000 Pa.As for the axial intermediate flow surface,one low pressure zone is located at the junction of the suction surface and the hub,another is located at the suction surface close to the casing position.At the outlet boundary,the low pressure is negative and decreases from−1716 Pa to−4589 Pa.The sound pressure level of the inlet and outlet noise tends to increase monotonously by 11.6 dB and 7.3 dB,respectively.The acoustic energy of discrete noise is always higher than that of broadband noise regardless of whether the inlet or outlet flow surfaces are considered.The acoustic energy ratio of discrete noise at the inlet tends to increase from 0.78 to 0.93,while at the outlet it first decreases from 0.79 to 0.73 and then increases to 0.84.展开更多
The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:rumi...The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:ruminants,camels and cetaceans,as well as data from ruminant comparative genomics and functional assays to explore the genetic basis of rumen functional innovations.We identified genes with relatively high expression in the rumen,of which many appeared to be recruited from other tissues.These genes show functional enrichment in ketone body metabolism,regulation of microbial community,and epithelium absorption,which are the most prominent biological processes involved in rumen innovations.Several modes of genetic change underlying rumen functional innovations were uncovered,including coding mutations,genes newly evolved,and changes of regulatory elements.We validated that the key ketogenesis rate-limiting gene(HMGCS2)with five ruminant-specific mutations was under positive selection and exhibits higher synthesis activity than those of other mammals.Two newly evolved genes(LYZ1 and DEFB1)are resistant to Gram-positive bacteria and thereby may regulate microbial community equilibrium.Furthermore,we confirmed that the changes of regulatory elements accounted for the majority of rumen gene recruitment.These results greatly improve our understanding of rumen evolution and organ evo-devo in general.展开更多
Curcumin, the medically active component from Curcuma Tonga (Turmeric), is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases. Protein interaction network (PIN) analysis was used to predict its mechanisms of molecular action....Curcumin, the medically active component from Curcuma Tonga (Turmeric), is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases. Protein interaction network (PIN) analysis was used to predict its mechanisms of molecular action. Targets of curcumin were obtained based on ChEMBL and STITCH databases. Protein protein interactions (PPIs) were extracted from the String database. The PIN of curcumin was constructed by Cytoscape and the function modules identified by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis based on molecular complex detection (MCODE). A PIN of curcumin with 482 nodes and 1688 interactions was constructed, which has scale-free, small world and modular properties. Based on analysis of these function modules, the mechanism of curcumin is proposed. Two modules were found to be intimately associated with inflammation. With function modules analysis, the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin were related to SMAD, ERG and mediation by the TLR family. TLR9 may be a potential target of curcumin to treat inflammation. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.展开更多
The buried interface in the perovskite solar cell(PSC)has been regarded as a breakthrough to boost the power conversion efficiency and stability.However,a comprehensive manipulation of the buried interface in terms of...The buried interface in the perovskite solar cell(PSC)has been regarded as a breakthrough to boost the power conversion efficiency and stability.However,a comprehensive manipulation of the buried interface in terms of the transport layer,buried interlayer,and perovskite layer has been largely overlooked.Herein,we propose the use of a volatile heterocyclic compound called 2-thiopheneacetic acid(TPA)as a pre-buried additive in the buried interface to achieve cross-layer all-interface defect passivation through an in situ bottom-up infiltration diffusion strategy.TPA not only suppresses the serious interfacial nonradiative recombination losses by precisely healing the interfacial and underlying defects but also effectively enhances the quality of perovskite film and releases the residual strain of perovskite film.Owing to this versatility,TPA-tailored CsPbBr3 PSCs deliver a record efficiency of 11.23% with enhanced long-term stability.This breakthrough in manipulating the buried interface using TPA opens new avenues for further improving the performance and reliability of PSC.展开更多
The maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)is a complex process involving numerous cell-extrinsic and-intrinsic regulators.The first member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of inhibitors to be identified,p2...The maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)is a complex process involving numerous cell-extrinsic and-intrinsic regulators.The first member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of inhibitors to be identified,p21,has been reported to perform a wide range of critical biological functions,including cell cycle regulation,transcription,differentiation,and so on.Given the previous inconsistent results regarding the functions of p21 in HSCs in a p21-knockout mouse model,we employed p21-tdTomato(tdT)mice to further elucidate its role in HSCs during homeostasis.The results showed that p21-tdT+HSCs exhibited increased self-renewal capacity compared to p21-tdT−HSCs.Zbtb18,a transcriptional repressor,was upregulated in p21-tdT+HSCs,and its knockdown significantly impaired the reconstitution capability of HSCs.Furthermore,p21 interacted with ZBTB18 to co-repress the expression of cKit in HSCs and thus regulated the self-renewal of HSCs.Our data provide novel insights into the physiological role and mechanisms of p21 in HSCs during homeostasis independent of its conventional role as a cell cycle inhibitor.展开更多
Long-term fluorescence monitoring of subcellular organelles is crucial for cellular physiology and pathology studies.Lipid droplets(LDs)are increasingly recognized for their involvement in various biological processes...Long-term fluorescence monitoring of subcellular organelles is crucial for cellular physiology and pathology studies.Lipid droplets(LDs)are increasingly recognized for their involvement in various biological processes,to influence disease development through diverse behaviors However,existing LD probes face challenges in achieving high targeting and long-term monitoring due to poor photostability and long-term phototoxicity.Carbon quantum dots(CQDs)have gained prominence due to their exceptional fluorescence properties,but their prevalent blue excitation wavelength presents difficulties for long-term imaging.Herein,we synthesized red-emissive carbon quantum dot(R-CQDs)with superior photobleaching resistance and red-emission,thus enabling harmlessly fluorescence monitoring of cells longer than3 h.In addition,R-CQD exhibits suitable amphiphilicity and remarkable solvatochromic effect,allowing rapid targeting to LDs for immediate imaging without cumbersome washing steps.Hence,R-CQD shows high performance for extended observation of dynamic LD behavior in various biological processes,which is confirmed by documenting the course of LDs during starvation as well as lipotoxicity.Compared to commercial probes,R-CQD extends live cell imaging time by at least 9-fold,facilitating the study of LD behavioral characteristics under diverse physiological or pathological conditions.This work provides a reliable fluorescence tool for tracking intercellular microenvironment dynamically thus to understand the divers biological or disease mechanism.展开更多
This paper constructs a fixed effect model to study the impact of turnover of local government officials on local air quality,and the mechanism through which this effect takes place,using data from 282 prefecture-leve...This paper constructs a fixed effect model to study the impact of turnover of local government officials on local air quality,and the mechanism through which this effect takes place,using data from 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2015 to 2019.This research shows that turnover of local government officials led to a decline in local air quality,mainly due to a“responsibility gap period.”It also found that the heterogeneity of officials and the difference in the implementation of political initiatives by cities affected the length of the“responsibility gap period”-the shorter it was,the lower the air pollution was during official turnover.Air pollution in China is still severe and the Chinese central government should therefore further reform the turnover system to improve local air quality during the turnover of key local officials by shortening the“responsibility gap period.”展开更多
Lipid droplets(LDs)participating in various cellular activities and are increasingly being emphasized.Fluorescence imaging provides powerful tool for dynamic tracking of LDs,however,most current LDs probes remain inco...Lipid droplets(LDs)participating in various cellular activities and are increasingly being emphasized.Fluorescence imaging provides powerful tool for dynamic tracking of LDs,however,most current LDs probes remain inconsistent performance such as low Photoluminescence Quantum Yield(PLQY),poor photostability and tedious washing procedures.Herein,a novel yellow-emissive carbon dot(OT-cD)has been synthesized conveniently with high PLQY up to 90%.Besides,OT-CD exhibits remarkable amphiphilicity and solvatochromic property with lipid-water partition coefficient higher than 2,which is much higher than most LDs probes.These characters enable OT-CD high brightness,stable and wash-free LDs probing,and feasible for in vivo imaging.Then,detailed observation of LDs morphological and polarity variation dynamically in different cellular states were recorded,including ferroptosis and other diseases processes.Furthermore,fast whole imaging of zebrafish and identifed LD enrichment in injured liver indicate its further feasibility for in vivo application.In contrast to the reported studies to date,this approach provides a versatile conventional synthesis system for high-performance LDs targeting probes,combing the advantages of easy and high-yield production,as well as robust brightness and stability for long-term imaging,facilitating investigations into organelle interactions and LD-associated diseases.展开更多
The experimental processes are difficult to model by physical laws, because a multitude of factors can intervene simultaneously and are responsible for their instabilities and their random variations. Two types of fac...The experimental processes are difficult to model by physical laws, because a multitude of factors can intervene simultaneously and are responsible for their instabilities and their random variations. Two types of factors are to be considered;those that are easy to manipulate according to the objectives, and those that can vary randomly (uncontrollable factors). These could eventually divert the system from the desired target. It is, therefore, important to implement a system that is insensitive to fluctuations in factors that are difficult to control. The aim of this study is to optimize the synthesis of an apatitic calcium carbonate phosphate characterized with a Ca/P ratio equal to 1.61 by using the experimental design method based on the Taguchi method. In this process, five factors are considered and must be configured to achieve the previously defined objective. The temperature is a very important factor in the process, but difficult to control experimentally, so considered to be a problem factor (noise factor), forcing us to build a robust system that is insensitive to the last one. Therefore, a much simpler model to study the robustness of a synthetic solution with respect to temperature is developed. We have tried to parameterize all the factors considered in the process within a wide interval of temperature variation (60˚C - 90˚C). Temperature changes are no longer considered as a problem for apatitic calcium carbonate phosphate synthesis. In this finding, the proposed mathematical model is linear and efficient with very satisfactory statistical indicators. In addition, several simple solutions for the synthesis of carbonate phosphate are proposed with a Ca/P ratio equal to 1.61.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation,clinical research hot spots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing technology in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to draw a panorama of...Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation,clinical research hot spots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing technology in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to draw a panorama of clinical research,to provide the basis and clues for subsequent high-level evidence integration and further in-depth research.Materials and Methods:Seven databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(Sino-Med),PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched.The bibliometric method and visualization software CiteSpace were used to conduct a multi-dimensional analysis of the included literature.Results:A total of 805 pieces of literature were included(of them,one was written in German and four in English),and the number of published literature showed an increasing trend year by year.There were only 30(3.73%)pieces of literature published in nursing journals.The hot spots of the co-occurrence map were concentrated in:(1)the nursing of fumigation in RA;(2)the efficacy evaluation of TCM nursing technology on pain,joint malformation,and joint dysfunction caused by RA.The included literature themes focused on five TCM technologies:fumigation,moxibustion,acupoint patching,acupoint injection,and Chinese herbal soaking.The beginning year and strength in TCM fumigation were 2012 and 5.2,and those in moxibustion were 2011 and 3.38.Conclusion:The related studies are on the rise.It has entered the field of international readers with clear research hot spots.However,there are still shortcomings such as little literature published in Chinese nursing core journals,few non-Chinese-related documents,and a lack of international exchanges and cooperation.The current research hot spots in this field are TCM fumigation,and the cutting-edge trend of future research may be fumigation and moxibustion technology.It is suggested that further research can focus on evidence integration and original research on the 展开更多
The studies on clutter modeling and suppression of airborne radar with a parabolic conformal array are uncommon due to the complexity of this type of antenna array configuration.The correct understanding of clutter ch...The studies on clutter modeling and suppression of airborne radar with a parabolic conformal array are uncommon due to the complexity of this type of antenna array configuration.The correct understanding of clutter characteristics for airborne radar with a parabolic conformal antenna array is the prerequisite and foundation of optimal suppression of this type of clutter.This paper establishes the model of clutter echo of airborne parabolic conformal phased array radar and analyzes the structure characteristics and the distribution features of this type of clutter.The simulation results show that this type of clutter has the following characteristics：1） The main lobe on the azimuth is seriously broadened,2） the power spectrum presents strong heterogeneity,and 3） the freedom degrees are high.Based on the existing related clutter suppression methods,we verified the correctness of the constructed clutter model.This work has an important guidance to further study on clutter suppression methods in airborne parabolic conformal array radar.展开更多
Introduction:Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development,and its execution power mainly comes from individual environmental protection behavior.This study investigates the resident envir...Introduction:Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development,and its execution power mainly comes from individual environmental protection behavior.This study investigates the resident environmental protection behaviors and influencing factors in the ecologically fragile areas of western China based on a total of 1062 households by adopting the participatory assessment method.Then,this study used the structural equation model to empirically analyze the impact of social capital,environmental risk perception,and environmental awareness on residents’environmental protection behavior.Outcomes:The results showed that environmental awareness is the basis for practicing environmental protection behavior,consistent with the existing research;social capital has a significant impact on residents’environmental protection behavior,with an impact coefficient of 0.347.Hence,environmental risk perception has an indirect influence on environmental protection behavior through environmental awareness.Besides,compared with urban residents,rural residents’environmental awareness and social capital have a stronger role in environmental protection behavior.Conclusions:The study clarified the influence path of residents’environmental protection behavior,thus effectively providing a decision-making basis for the government to guide residents in the environmental governance system.展开更多
The genetic information coded in DNA leads to trait innovation via a gene regulatory network(GRN)in development.Here,we developed a conserved non-coding element interpretation method to integrate multi-omics data into...The genetic information coded in DNA leads to trait innovation via a gene regulatory network(GRN)in development.Here,we developed a conserved non-coding element interpretation method to integrate multi-omics data into gene regulatory network(CNEReg)to investigate the ruminant multi-chambered stomach innovation.We generated paired expression and chromatin accessibility data during rumen and esophagus development in sheep,and revealed 1601 active ruminantspecific conserved non-coding elements(active-RSCNEs).To interpret the function of these activeRSCNEs,we defined toolkit transcription factors(TTFs)and modeled their regulation on rumenspecific genes via batteries of active-RSCNEs during development.Our developmental GRN revealed 18 TTFs and 313 active-RSCNEs regulating 7 rumen functional modules.Notably,6 TTFs(OTX1,SOX21,HOXC8,SOX2,TP63,and PPARG),as well as 16 active-RSCNEs,functionally distinguished the rumen from the esophagus.Our study provides a systematic approach to understanding how gene regulation evolves and shapes complex traits by putting evo-devo concepts into practice with developmental multi-omics data.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91544226)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Nos.2017YFC0209503 and 2016YFC0206202)+1 种基金the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control in China(No.DQGG0107-03)the financial support from CSC(Chinese Scholorship Council)
文摘To investigate the cause of fine particulate matter(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 um,PM2.5) pollution in the heating season in the North China Plain(specifically Beijing,Tianjin,and Langfang),water-soluble ions and carbonaceous components in PM2.5were simultaneously measured by online instruments with 1-hr resolution,from November 15,2016 to March 15,2017.The results showed extreme severity of PM2.5 pollution on a regional scale.Secondary inorganic ions(SNA,i.e.,NO3-+So42+NH4+) dominated the water-soluble ions,accounting for 30%-40% of PM2.5,while the total carbon(TC,i.e.,OC+EC) contributed to 26.5%-30.1% of PM2.5 IN the three cities.SNA were mainly responsible for the increasing PM2.5 pollution compared with organic matter(OM).NO3-was the most abundant species among water-soluble ions,but SO42- played a much more important role in driving the elevated PM2.5 concentrations.The relative humidity(RH) and its precursor SO2 were the key factors affecting the formation of sulfate.Homogeneous reactions dominated the formation of nitrate which was mainly limited by HNO3 in ammonia-rich conditions.Secondary formation and regional transport from the heavily polluted region promoted the growth of PM2.5 concentrations in the formation stage of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang.Regional transport or local emissions,along with secondary formation,made great contributions to the PM2.5 pollution in the evolution stage of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang.The favourable meteorological conditions and regional transport from a relatively clean region both favored the diffusion of pollutants in all three cities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.E51579075 and E51879084)the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation for Excellent Youth(NoBK20160087)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2016B06714)the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018ZX07208-4)a project funded through the Priority Academic Program Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institution
文摘Heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and other wastes released into the environment can significantly influence environmental antibiotic resistance. We investigated the occurrence of 22 antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs) and 10 heavy metal concentrations, and the relationship between ARGs and heavy metals in surface sediment from seven sites of Lake Taihu. The results showed significant correlations(p < 0.05) between sediment ARG levels,especially for tetracycline and sulfonamides(e.g., tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), tet(O), sul1, sul2 and int-1) and specific heavy metals(Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, among others) in the Lake. In the surface sediments, heavy metals showed an interaction with resistance genes, but the strength of interaction was diminished with increasing depth. For most of the heavy metals, the concentration of elements in the top sediments was higher than that in other depths.Tetracycline resistance genes(tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(E) and tet(O), β-lactam resistance genes(SHV, TEM, CTX, OXA and OXY) and sulfonamide resistance genes(sulA, sul1, sul2, sul3 and int-1) were detected. They showed a trend which inferred a statistically significant increase followed by decreases in the relative abundance of these ARGs(normalized to 16 S rRNA genes) with increasing depth. This study revealed that tet(A), tet(O), TEM, OXY, int-1, sul1 and sul3 were widespread in surface sediments with high abundance, indicating that these genes deserve more attention in future work.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.51379002the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under contract Nos 3132016322 and 3132016314the Applied Basic Research Project Fund of the Chinese Ministry of Transport of China under contract No.2014329225010
文摘An efficient and accurate prediction of a precise tidal level in estuaries and coastal areas is indispensable for the management and decision-making of human activity in the field wok of marine engineering. The variation of the tidal level is a time-varying process. The time-varying factors including interference from the external environment that cause the change of tides are fairly complicated. Furthermore, tidal variations are affected not only by periodic movement of celestial bodies but also by time-varying interference from the external environment. Consequently, for the efficient and precise tidal level prediction, a neuro-fuzzy hybrid technology based on the combination of harmonic analysis and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system（ANFIS）model is utilized to construct a precise tidal level prediction system, which takes both advantages of the harmonic analysis method and the ANFIS network. The proposed prediction model is composed of two modules： the astronomical tide module caused by celestial bodies’ movement and the non-astronomical tide module caused by various meteorological and other environmental factors. To generate a fuzzy inference system（FIS） structure,three approaches which include grid partition（GP）, fuzzy c-means（FCM） and sub-clustering（SC） are used in the ANFIS network constructing process. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal ANFIS based prediction model, large numbers of simulation experiments are implemented for each FIS generating approach. In this tidal prediction study, the optimal ANFIS model is used to predict the non-astronomical tide module, while the conventional harmonic analysis model is used to predict the astronomical tide module. The final prediction result is performed by combining the estimation outputs of the harmonious analysis model and the optimal ANFIS model. To demonstrate the applicability and capability of the proposed novel prediction model, measured tidal level samples of Fort Pulaski tidal station are selected as the testing databas
基金the project of the Training Foundation of Sichuan Academic and Technical Leaders (Grant No. 901008)the project of application groundwork of Sichuan (Grant No.J13-075)the Training Plans of Young and Middle Elite of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (Grant No.601016)
文摘The analysis and the characterization of atrial fibrillation （AF） requires, in a previous key step, the extraction of the atrial activity （AA） free from 12-lead electrocardiogram （ECG）. This contribution proposes a novel non-invasive approach for the AA estimation in AF episodes. The method is based on blind source extraction （BSE） using high order statistics （HOS）. The validity and performance of this algorithm are confirmed by extensive computer simulations and experiments on realworld data. In contrast to blind source separation （BSS） methods, BSE only extract one desired signal, and it is easy for the machine to judge whether the extracted signal is AA source by calculating its spectrum concentration, while it is hard for the machine using BSS method to judge which one of the separated twelve signals is AA source. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to have great potential in clinical monitoring.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province[2019GSF109084]Young Scholars Program of Shandong University[2018WLJH73].
文摘Numerical simulation are conducted to explore the characteristics of the axial inflow and related aerodynamic noise for a large-scale adjustable fan with the installation angle changing from−12°to 12°.In such a range the maximum static(gauge)pressure at the inlet changes from−2280 Pa to 382 Pa,and the minimum static pressure decreases from−3389 Pa to−8000 Pa.As for the axial intermediate flow surface,one low pressure zone is located at the junction of the suction surface and the hub,another is located at the suction surface close to the casing position.At the outlet boundary,the low pressure is negative and decreases from−1716 Pa to−4589 Pa.The sound pressure level of the inlet and outlet noise tends to increase monotonously by 11.6 dB and 7.3 dB,respectively.The acoustic energy of discrete noise is always higher than that of broadband noise regardless of whether the inlet or outlet flow surfaces are considered.The acoustic energy ratio of discrete noise at the inlet tends to increase from 0.78 to 0.93,while at the outlet it first decreases from 0.79 to 0.73 and then increases to 0.84.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822052,31572381)the National Thousand Youth Talents Plan to Y.J.+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660644)to S.H.National Natural Science Foundation of China(41422604)to S.L.The Villum Foundation(VKR 023447)the Independent Research Fund Denmark(8049-00098B)。
文摘The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:ruminants,camels and cetaceans,as well as data from ruminant comparative genomics and functional assays to explore the genetic basis of rumen functional innovations.We identified genes with relatively high expression in the rumen,of which many appeared to be recruited from other tissues.These genes show functional enrichment in ketone body metabolism,regulation of microbial community,and epithelium absorption,which are the most prominent biological processes involved in rumen innovations.Several modes of genetic change underlying rumen functional innovations were uncovered,including coding mutations,genes newly evolved,and changes of regulatory elements.We validated that the key ketogenesis rate-limiting gene(HMGCS2)with five ruminant-specific mutations was under positive selection and exhibits higher synthesis activity than those of other mammals.Two newly evolved genes(LYZ1 and DEFB1)are resistant to Gram-positive bacteria and thereby may regulate microbial community equilibrium.Furthermore,we confirmed that the changes of regulatory elements accounted for the majority of rumen gene recruitment.These results greatly improve our understanding of rumen evolution and organ evo-devo in general.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81403103)Chinese Medicine Resources(Sichuan Province)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(Grant No.2015TD0028)+1 种基金Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Plan(Grant No.2014SZ0156)Sichuan Province Education Department Project(Grant No.2013SZB0781)
文摘Curcumin, the medically active component from Curcuma Tonga (Turmeric), is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases. Protein interaction network (PIN) analysis was used to predict its mechanisms of molecular action. Targets of curcumin were obtained based on ChEMBL and STITCH databases. Protein protein interactions (PPIs) were extracted from the String database. The PIN of curcumin was constructed by Cytoscape and the function modules identified by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis based on molecular complex detection (MCODE). A PIN of curcumin with 482 nodes and 1688 interactions was constructed, which has scale-free, small world and modular properties. Based on analysis of these function modules, the mechanism of curcumin is proposed. Two modules were found to be intimately associated with inflammation. With function modules analysis, the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin were related to SMAD, ERG and mediation by the TLR family. TLR9 may be a potential target of curcumin to treat inflammation. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62104136,22179051)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0111000)+3 种基金Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Young Innovative Team(2022KJ218)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732104)Qingdao Postdoctoral Funding Program(QDBSH20220201002)Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(SDCX-ZG-202303032).
文摘The buried interface in the perovskite solar cell(PSC)has been regarded as a breakthrough to boost the power conversion efficiency and stability.However,a comprehensive manipulation of the buried interface in terms of the transport layer,buried interlayer,and perovskite layer has been largely overlooked.Herein,we propose the use of a volatile heterocyclic compound called 2-thiopheneacetic acid(TPA)as a pre-buried additive in the buried interface to achieve cross-layer all-interface defect passivation through an in situ bottom-up infiltration diffusion strategy.TPA not only suppresses the serious interfacial nonradiative recombination losses by precisely healing the interfacial and underlying defects but also effectively enhances the quality of perovskite film and releases the residual strain of perovskite film.Owing to this versatility,TPA-tailored CsPbBr3 PSCs deliver a record efficiency of 11.23% with enhanced long-term stability.This breakthrough in manipulating the buried interface using TPA opens new avenues for further improving the performance and reliability of PSC.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFA1100900,2020YFE0203000,2021YFA1100103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92368202,82270120,82222004,82230047)+3 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund(22HHXBSS00016)the CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine(2021-I2M-1-019 and 2022-I2M-2-001)the CAMS Fundamental Research Funds for Central Research Institutes(3332021093)the Distinguished Young Scholars of Tianjin(23JCJQJC00220).
文摘The maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)is a complex process involving numerous cell-extrinsic and-intrinsic regulators.The first member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of inhibitors to be identified,p21,has been reported to perform a wide range of critical biological functions,including cell cycle regulation,transcription,differentiation,and so on.Given the previous inconsistent results regarding the functions of p21 in HSCs in a p21-knockout mouse model,we employed p21-tdTomato(tdT)mice to further elucidate its role in HSCs during homeostasis.The results showed that p21-tdT+HSCs exhibited increased self-renewal capacity compared to p21-tdT−HSCs.Zbtb18,a transcriptional repressor,was upregulated in p21-tdT+HSCs,and its knockdown significantly impaired the reconstitution capability of HSCs.Furthermore,p21 interacted with ZBTB18 to co-repress the expression of cKit in HSCs and thus regulated the self-renewal of HSCs.Our data provide novel insights into the physiological role and mechanisms of p21 in HSCs during homeostasis independent of its conventional role as a cell cycle inhibitor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52003178,52273141 and 51973132)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0338)。
文摘Long-term fluorescence monitoring of subcellular organelles is crucial for cellular physiology and pathology studies.Lipid droplets(LDs)are increasingly recognized for their involvement in various biological processes,to influence disease development through diverse behaviors However,existing LD probes face challenges in achieving high targeting and long-term monitoring due to poor photostability and long-term phototoxicity.Carbon quantum dots(CQDs)have gained prominence due to their exceptional fluorescence properties,but their prevalent blue excitation wavelength presents difficulties for long-term imaging.Herein,we synthesized red-emissive carbon quantum dot(R-CQDs)with superior photobleaching resistance and red-emission,thus enabling harmlessly fluorescence monitoring of cells longer than3 h.In addition,R-CQD exhibits suitable amphiphilicity and remarkable solvatochromic effect,allowing rapid targeting to LDs for immediate imaging without cumbersome washing steps.Hence,R-CQD shows high performance for extended observation of dynamic LD behavior in various biological processes,which is confirmed by documenting the course of LDs during starvation as well as lipotoxicity.Compared to commercial probes,R-CQD extends live cell imaging time by at least 9-fold,facilitating the study of LD behavioral characteristics under diverse physiological or pathological conditions.This work provides a reliable fluorescence tool for tracking intercellular microenvironment dynamically thus to understand the divers biological or disease mechanism.
基金the State Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.19AZD003).
文摘This paper constructs a fixed effect model to study the impact of turnover of local government officials on local air quality,and the mechanism through which this effect takes place,using data from 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2015 to 2019.This research shows that turnover of local government officials led to a decline in local air quality,mainly due to a“responsibility gap period.”It also found that the heterogeneity of officials and the difference in the implementation of political initiatives by cities affected the length of the“responsibility gap period”-the shorter it was,the lower the air pollution was during official turnover.Air pollution in China is still severe and the Chinese central government should therefore further reform the turnover system to improve local air quality during the turnover of key local officials by shortening the“responsibility gap period.”
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:52003178 and 51973132)Intermnational Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Foundation of Sichuan Province(grant number:2022YFH0086)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(grant number:2023NSFSC0338 and 2023NSFSC1067).
文摘Lipid droplets(LDs)participating in various cellular activities and are increasingly being emphasized.Fluorescence imaging provides powerful tool for dynamic tracking of LDs,however,most current LDs probes remain inconsistent performance such as low Photoluminescence Quantum Yield(PLQY),poor photostability and tedious washing procedures.Herein,a novel yellow-emissive carbon dot(OT-cD)has been synthesized conveniently with high PLQY up to 90%.Besides,OT-CD exhibits remarkable amphiphilicity and solvatochromic property with lipid-water partition coefficient higher than 2,which is much higher than most LDs probes.These characters enable OT-CD high brightness,stable and wash-free LDs probing,and feasible for in vivo imaging.Then,detailed observation of LDs morphological and polarity variation dynamically in different cellular states were recorded,including ferroptosis and other diseases processes.Furthermore,fast whole imaging of zebrafish and identifed LD enrichment in injured liver indicate its further feasibility for in vivo application.In contrast to the reported studies to date,this approach provides a versatile conventional synthesis system for high-performance LDs targeting probes,combing the advantages of easy and high-yield production,as well as robust brightness and stability for long-term imaging,facilitating investigations into organelle interactions and LD-associated diseases.
文摘The experimental processes are difficult to model by physical laws, because a multitude of factors can intervene simultaneously and are responsible for their instabilities and their random variations. Two types of factors are to be considered;those that are easy to manipulate according to the objectives, and those that can vary randomly (uncontrollable factors). These could eventually divert the system from the desired target. It is, therefore, important to implement a system that is insensitive to fluctuations in factors that are difficult to control. The aim of this study is to optimize the synthesis of an apatitic calcium carbonate phosphate characterized with a Ca/P ratio equal to 1.61 by using the experimental design method based on the Taguchi method. In this process, five factors are considered and must be configured to achieve the previously defined objective. The temperature is a very important factor in the process, but difficult to control experimentally, so considered to be a problem factor (noise factor), forcing us to build a robust system that is insensitive to the last one. Therefore, a much simpler model to study the robustness of a synthetic solution with respect to temperature is developed. We have tried to parameterize all the factors considered in the process within a wide interval of temperature variation (60˚C - 90˚C). Temperature changes are no longer considered as a problem for apatitic calcium carbonate phosphate synthesis. In this finding, the proposed mathematical model is linear and efficient with very satisfactory statistical indicators. In addition, several simple solutions for the synthesis of carbonate phosphate are proposed with a Ca/P ratio equal to 1.61.
基金supported by the Research Project on Medical Education launched by the Medical Education Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Medical Education Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Higher Education in 2018(2018B-N18075)the Education Science Research Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(XJYB2029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020-JYB-ZDGG-082).
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation,clinical research hot spots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing technology in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to draw a panorama of clinical research,to provide the basis and clues for subsequent high-level evidence integration and further in-depth research.Materials and Methods:Seven databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(Sino-Med),PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched.The bibliometric method and visualization software CiteSpace were used to conduct a multi-dimensional analysis of the included literature.Results:A total of 805 pieces of literature were included(of them,one was written in German and four in English),and the number of published literature showed an increasing trend year by year.There were only 30(3.73%)pieces of literature published in nursing journals.The hot spots of the co-occurrence map were concentrated in:(1)the nursing of fumigation in RA;(2)the efficacy evaluation of TCM nursing technology on pain,joint malformation,and joint dysfunction caused by RA.The included literature themes focused on five TCM technologies:fumigation,moxibustion,acupoint patching,acupoint injection,and Chinese herbal soaking.The beginning year and strength in TCM fumigation were 2012 and 5.2,and those in moxibustion were 2011 and 3.38.Conclusion:The related studies are on the rise.It has entered the field of international readers with clear research hot spots.However,there are still shortcomings such as little literature published in Chinese nursing core journals,few non-Chinese-related documents,and a lack of international exchanges and cooperation.The current research hot spots in this field are TCM fumigation,and the cutting-edge trend of future research may be fumigation and moxibustion technology.It is suggested that further research can focus on evidence integration and original research on the
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China under Grant No.20142080011
文摘The studies on clutter modeling and suppression of airborne radar with a parabolic conformal array are uncommon due to the complexity of this type of antenna array configuration.The correct understanding of clutter characteristics for airborne radar with a parabolic conformal antenna array is the prerequisite and foundation of optimal suppression of this type of clutter.This paper establishes the model of clutter echo of airborne parabolic conformal phased array radar and analyzes the structure characteristics and the distribution features of this type of clutter.The simulation results show that this type of clutter has the following characteristics：1） The main lobe on the azimuth is seriously broadened,2） the power spectrum presents strong heterogeneity,and 3） the freedom degrees are high.Based on the existing related clutter suppression methods,we verified the correctness of the constructed clutter model.This work has an important guidance to further study on clutter suppression methods in airborne parabolic conformal array radar.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[41971166]National Social Science Foundation of China[20FJYB025].
文摘Introduction:Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development,and its execution power mainly comes from individual environmental protection behavior.This study investigates the resident environmental protection behaviors and influencing factors in the ecologically fragile areas of western China based on a total of 1062 households by adopting the participatory assessment method.Then,this study used the structural equation model to empirically analyze the impact of social capital,environmental risk perception,and environmental awareness on residents’environmental protection behavior.Outcomes:The results showed that environmental awareness is the basis for practicing environmental protection behavior,consistent with the existing research;social capital has a significant impact on residents’environmental protection behavior,with an impact coefficient of 0.347.Hence,environmental risk perception has an indirect influence on environmental protection behavior through environmental awareness.Besides,compared with urban residents,rural residents’environmental awareness and social capital have a stronger role in environmental protection behavior.Conclusions:The study clarified the influence path of residents’environmental protection behavior,thus effectively providing a decision-making basis for the government to guide residents in the environmental governance system.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0712402)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB17)+3 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-077)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12025107,11871463,11688101,and 61621003)the National Thousand Youth Talents Plan,and the CAS“Light of West China”Program(Grant No.xbzg-zdsys-201913)China.We thank High Performance Computing(HPC)of Northwest A&F University(NWAFU)for providing computing resources。
文摘The genetic information coded in DNA leads to trait innovation via a gene regulatory network(GRN)in development.Here,we developed a conserved non-coding element interpretation method to integrate multi-omics data into gene regulatory network(CNEReg)to investigate the ruminant multi-chambered stomach innovation.We generated paired expression and chromatin accessibility data during rumen and esophagus development in sheep,and revealed 1601 active ruminantspecific conserved non-coding elements(active-RSCNEs).To interpret the function of these activeRSCNEs,we defined toolkit transcription factors(TTFs)and modeled their regulation on rumenspecific genes via batteries of active-RSCNEs during development.Our developmental GRN revealed 18 TTFs and 313 active-RSCNEs regulating 7 rumen functional modules.Notably,6 TTFs(OTX1,SOX21,HOXC8,SOX2,TP63,and PPARG),as well as 16 active-RSCNEs,functionally distinguished the rumen from the esophagus.Our study provides a systematic approach to understanding how gene regulation evolves and shapes complex traits by putting evo-devo concepts into practice with developmental multi-omics data.
