Nanotechnology is a developing field in biotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles is an important step in the field of nanotechnology. Overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, a green scheme for synthesi...Nanotechnology is a developing field in biotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles is an important step in the field of nanotechnology. Overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, a green scheme for synthesizing nanoparticles has emerged. Plants and microorganisms are mainly used for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Some of the nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial effects against different plant pathogens. Compared with microorganisms, the use of plants to synthesize nanoparticles is on the rise, and has advantages compared with microorganisms, because plants have a wide range of bio-molecular variability, which can act as blocking/stabilizing agents and reducing agents, thereby increasing reduction rate and stability of synthetic nanoparticles. Of all living things, plants seem to have the best potential for nanoparticle biosynthesis and are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis. Compared with microorganisms, the synthesis of plant-derived nanoparticles is faster and more stable. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of microbial and plant sources to synthesize nanoparticles and their applications in agriculture.展开更多
Garlic is a most important medicinal herb belonging to the family Liliaceae. Both its leaves and bulb are edible. The current study was based on evaluating the growth promoting potential of plant growth promoting rhiz...Garlic is a most important medicinal herb belonging to the family Liliaceae. Both its leaves and bulb are edible. The current study was based on evaluating the growth promoting potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on garlic (Allium sativum L.) growth and biochemical contents. Garlic cloves were inoculated with 3 kinds of PGPRs, Pseudomonas putida (KX574857), Pseudomonas stutzeri (Kx574858) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC14579) at 10<sup>8</sup> cells/mL prior to sowing. Under natural conditions, plants were grown in the net house. The PGPR significantly enhanced % germination, leaf and root growth and their biomass also increased the diameter of bulb and fresh and dry weight. The flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll, protein and sugar content were also significantly increased due to PGPR inoculation. The Pseudomonas stutzeri was found most effective for producing longer leaves with moderate sugar, high flavonoids (129%) and phenolics (263%) in bulb over control (Tap). The Pseudomonas putida exhibited a maximum increase in bulb diameter and bulb biomass with maximum phenolics and flavonoid contents.展开更多
Experiments were conducted to analyze effects of high temperature stress on wheat at pre-anthesis growth stage. Twenty four wheat genotypes exposed to a sub optimal temperature (>35°C) which showed altered phy...Experiments were conducted to analyze effects of high temperature stress on wheat at pre-anthesis growth stage. Twenty four wheat genotypes exposed to a sub optimal temperature (>35°C) which showed altered physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics. Accumulation of proline, presence of new protein bands and higher antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of G.7 and G.17 reflects their better adaptive response under heat stress conditions. G.17 and G.19 showed least reduction in number of spikelets per spike, biological yield and 100 grain weight. It was inferred that the genotypes G.7, G.17 and G.19 exhibited greater heat tolerance and could be recommended for cultivation under heat stress conditions.展开更多
Present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude methanolic extract and different fractions of the <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span>...Present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude methanolic extract and different fractions of the <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb). The extract and fractions were used against pathogenic bacteria (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">subtilis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atrophaeus,</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pneumonia</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aeruginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and fungal strains (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">niger</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">flavus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed a prominent inhibition zone against all bacterial strains but inactive against fungal strains. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The various extracts of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb) from various parts were tested for their antioxidant activity by</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The IC</span><b><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">50</span></展开更多
Genetic diversity in 30 genotypes of Pumpkins <span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from unexplored mountainous areas of Khybe...Genetic diversity in 30 genotypes of Pumpkins <span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from unexplored mountainous areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was investigated through biochemical characterization. For biochemical characterization, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis was carried out. The seed proteins were resolved on 7.5% and 15% polyacrylamide gel. A total of 35% genetic disagreement was observed in the collected lines with linkage distances ranging from 0.00</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> - </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.83 (percent disagreement). Similarly, cluster analysis sorted total germplasm on the basis of 12 bands (total bands) into eight clusters. Present study revealed a considerable amount of genetic diversity explored in pumpkin germplasm, Cluster analysis exhibited moderate level of genetic diversity;to broaden the gene pool. Further collection of the important germplasm is needed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to be </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">used in the development of improved cultivars with respect to quality and quantity.</span>展开更多
文摘Nanotechnology is a developing field in biotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles is an important step in the field of nanotechnology. Overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, a green scheme for synthesizing nanoparticles has emerged. Plants and microorganisms are mainly used for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Some of the nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial effects against different plant pathogens. Compared with microorganisms, the use of plants to synthesize nanoparticles is on the rise, and has advantages compared with microorganisms, because plants have a wide range of bio-molecular variability, which can act as blocking/stabilizing agents and reducing agents, thereby increasing reduction rate and stability of synthetic nanoparticles. Of all living things, plants seem to have the best potential for nanoparticle biosynthesis and are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis. Compared with microorganisms, the synthesis of plant-derived nanoparticles is faster and more stable. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of microbial and plant sources to synthesize nanoparticles and their applications in agriculture.
文摘Garlic is a most important medicinal herb belonging to the family Liliaceae. Both its leaves and bulb are edible. The current study was based on evaluating the growth promoting potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on garlic (Allium sativum L.) growth and biochemical contents. Garlic cloves were inoculated with 3 kinds of PGPRs, Pseudomonas putida (KX574857), Pseudomonas stutzeri (Kx574858) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC14579) at 10<sup>8</sup> cells/mL prior to sowing. Under natural conditions, plants were grown in the net house. The PGPR significantly enhanced % germination, leaf and root growth and their biomass also increased the diameter of bulb and fresh and dry weight. The flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll, protein and sugar content were also significantly increased due to PGPR inoculation. The Pseudomonas stutzeri was found most effective for producing longer leaves with moderate sugar, high flavonoids (129%) and phenolics (263%) in bulb over control (Tap). The Pseudomonas putida exhibited a maximum increase in bulb diameter and bulb biomass with maximum phenolics and flavonoid contents.
文摘Experiments were conducted to analyze effects of high temperature stress on wheat at pre-anthesis growth stage. Twenty four wheat genotypes exposed to a sub optimal temperature (>35°C) which showed altered physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics. Accumulation of proline, presence of new protein bands and higher antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of G.7 and G.17 reflects their better adaptive response under heat stress conditions. G.17 and G.19 showed least reduction in number of spikelets per spike, biological yield and 100 grain weight. It was inferred that the genotypes G.7, G.17 and G.19 exhibited greater heat tolerance and could be recommended for cultivation under heat stress conditions.
文摘Present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude methanolic extract and different fractions of the <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb). The extract and fractions were used against pathogenic bacteria (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">subtilis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atrophaeus,</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pneumonia</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aeruginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and fungal strains (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">niger</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">flavus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed a prominent inhibition zone against all bacterial strains but inactive against fungal strains. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The various extracts of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb) from various parts were tested for their antioxidant activity by</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The IC</span><b><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">50</span></
文摘Genetic diversity in 30 genotypes of Pumpkins <span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from unexplored mountainous areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was investigated through biochemical characterization. For biochemical characterization, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis was carried out. The seed proteins were resolved on 7.5% and 15% polyacrylamide gel. A total of 35% genetic disagreement was observed in the collected lines with linkage distances ranging from 0.00</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> - </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.83 (percent disagreement). Similarly, cluster analysis sorted total germplasm on the basis of 12 bands (total bands) into eight clusters. Present study revealed a considerable amount of genetic diversity explored in pumpkin germplasm, Cluster analysis exhibited moderate level of genetic diversity;to broaden the gene pool. Further collection of the important germplasm is needed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to be </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">used in the development of improved cultivars with respect to quality and quantity.</span>
