This paper presents the evaluation of the potential aggregate source for pavement construction in Pakistan. Recently the demand for construction materials has been increased significantly due to the establishment of t...This paper presents the evaluation of the potential aggregate source for pavement construction in Pakistan. Recently the demand for construction materials has been increased significantly due to the establishment of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Projects. Therefore, it is essential to look for new resources of construction materials along with the CPEC routes in consideration of this increasing demand. In this context, a Physical and Mechanical characterization investigation is carried out on the Permian Wargal Limestone from Zaluch Nala, Salt Range to explore their potential to utilize as construction materials. The studied samples have tolerable values for all standard engineering parameters, proposed by various national and international agencies such as AASHTO, ASTM, BS, and NHA. Furthermore, as a performance indicator of aggregate overall quality, the evaluated mechanical qualities were integrated into a single characteristic, Toughness Index (TI). The TI values also suggested that the Permian Wargal limestone aggregates meet international quality standards for pavement construction. On the basis of geotechnical testing and Toughness Index (TI), the late Permian Wargal limestone, Zaluch Nala, Salt Range, is strongly recommended as a potential aggregate resource for mega projects such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and other construction projects.展开更多
Hydro-Pericardium Hepatitis (HPH) is an emerging infectious disease of commercial poultry, caused by different serotypes of Fowl Adeno Virus. The vertical transmission of the virus into the progeny may results in deva...Hydro-Pericardium Hepatitis (HPH) is an emerging infectious disease of commercial poultry, caused by different serotypes of Fowl Adeno Virus. The vertical transmission of the virus into the progeny may results in devastating damage, causing huge economic losses to its farmers. In present study, molecular typing is performed on basis of partially conserved hexon gene sequences, using a unique set of primers having common reverse oligo for simultaneous detection of FAdV1, FAdV-4 and FAdV-11. A total of 14 fowl adeno virus strains were isolated from 100 suspected adeno virus liver samples, collected from different districts in Pakistan, between 2018 and 2019. FASTA’s sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that out of the 14, one isolate which belonged to group A showed 27% similarity with FAdV-1, while three isolates showed 99%, 95% & 45% similarity to FAdV-4 (Group C). Whereas, ten isolates showed more than 99% similarity to FAdV-11 (Group D). The serotypes FAdV1, FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 are prevailing in the breeder and broilers. These results hold great importance in rapid, reliable and simultaneous detection of the three FAdV serotypes. Therefore, fowl adeno virus vaccine production for commercial poultry shall be according to the prevalent field serotypes.展开更多
In this study, a simple Arduino-based experiment was designed to examine the acceleration of the object during free fall and to calculate the value of “g” (acceleration due to gravity). Experimental data on the free...In this study, a simple Arduino-based experiment was designed to examine the acceleration of the object during free fall and to calculate the value of “g” (acceleration due to gravity). Experimental data on the free fall of a plastic box through the air was gathered with the help of an ultrasonic distance sensor (HC-SR04). Readings were taken at different intervals during the fall to obtain distance time curves. Acceleration during the free fall was then determined by applying the standard kinematic equations. The shape of the distance-time graphs obtained from the experimental setup was in good agreement with the predicted graphs and the calculated values of g lie within the expected range. After repeated experiments, value of gravitational acceleration was found to be 9.805 m/s2. Hardware and software prepared for the experiment are sufficient to examine movement of ordinary objects during free fall, therefore the experiment can be easily settled in a laboratory for the purpose of learning and teaching.展开更多
Polychloroprene (PC) based contact adhesives are widely used in various applications;however, there is a possibility to improve the properties of PC adhesive. Modifications of polymers can enhance the properties of th...Polychloroprene (PC) based contact adhesives are widely used in various applications;however, there is a possibility to improve the properties of PC adhesive. Modifications of polymers can enhance the properties of the material, e.g. increase in thermal stability, compatibility, rigidity, physical response, flexibility and improve the polymer process ability. In the current study, improved formulation of solvent-based adhesive was developed, and the properties were further enhanced by the addition of nano-reinforcement of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The addition of nano-reinforcement was optimized to obtain improvement in the bond strength and also to enhance its resistance at a high temperature (~100<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C). This paper discusses the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs during the synthesis of polychloroprene solvent-based adhesive, thereby improving its structural properties. Incorporation of MWCNTs-solvent-based adhesives resulted in a 20% - 35% improvement in 180<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> peel strength determined on flexible substrates such as canvas, leather. The reinforced based adhesive also exhibited improved thermal stability and weather resistance compared with unreinforced adhesive. The MWCNTs- solvent-based contact adhesives is a potential candidate in an industrially relevant branch of adhesives commonly used in structural applications, e.g., footwear, plastic, leather, automobile, construction industries, etc.展开更多
The flexible use of sensors has made them an attractive device to be deployed in almost every field of life such as health, military and home. Recent advancement in electronics and wireless communications has witnesse...The flexible use of sensors has made them an attractive device to be deployed in almost every field of life such as health, military and home. Recent advancement in electronics and wireless communications has witnessed the development of low cost-sensor devices. While wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are flexible to use and less costly, they need to be more energy-efficient as they are operated by the battery. Mostly they are deployed in harsh environments where it is very difficult to change the batteries frequently. Several medium access control (MAC) algorithms have been developed for the energy-efficient acquisition of the wireless channel, however, none of them are satisfactory. In this paper, we proposed a medium access control algorithm called MAC-PE. MAC-PE is based on the concept of prioritized frames where prioritized frames are transmitted urgently. In addition, it uses scheduled-based MAC instead of accessing channel randomly. We found MAC-PE (Power-Efficient MAC) was efficient in terms of power consumption without sacrificing on the performance using NS-2.展开更多
文摘This paper presents the evaluation of the potential aggregate source for pavement construction in Pakistan. Recently the demand for construction materials has been increased significantly due to the establishment of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Projects. Therefore, it is essential to look for new resources of construction materials along with the CPEC routes in consideration of this increasing demand. In this context, a Physical and Mechanical characterization investigation is carried out on the Permian Wargal Limestone from Zaluch Nala, Salt Range to explore their potential to utilize as construction materials. The studied samples have tolerable values for all standard engineering parameters, proposed by various national and international agencies such as AASHTO, ASTM, BS, and NHA. Furthermore, as a performance indicator of aggregate overall quality, the evaluated mechanical qualities were integrated into a single characteristic, Toughness Index (TI). The TI values also suggested that the Permian Wargal limestone aggregates meet international quality standards for pavement construction. On the basis of geotechnical testing and Toughness Index (TI), the late Permian Wargal limestone, Zaluch Nala, Salt Range, is strongly recommended as a potential aggregate resource for mega projects such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and other construction projects.
文摘Hydro-Pericardium Hepatitis (HPH) is an emerging infectious disease of commercial poultry, caused by different serotypes of Fowl Adeno Virus. The vertical transmission of the virus into the progeny may results in devastating damage, causing huge economic losses to its farmers. In present study, molecular typing is performed on basis of partially conserved hexon gene sequences, using a unique set of primers having common reverse oligo for simultaneous detection of FAdV1, FAdV-4 and FAdV-11. A total of 14 fowl adeno virus strains were isolated from 100 suspected adeno virus liver samples, collected from different districts in Pakistan, between 2018 and 2019. FASTA’s sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that out of the 14, one isolate which belonged to group A showed 27% similarity with FAdV-1, while three isolates showed 99%, 95% & 45% similarity to FAdV-4 (Group C). Whereas, ten isolates showed more than 99% similarity to FAdV-11 (Group D). The serotypes FAdV1, FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 are prevailing in the breeder and broilers. These results hold great importance in rapid, reliable and simultaneous detection of the three FAdV serotypes. Therefore, fowl adeno virus vaccine production for commercial poultry shall be according to the prevalent field serotypes.
文摘In this study, a simple Arduino-based experiment was designed to examine the acceleration of the object during free fall and to calculate the value of “g” (acceleration due to gravity). Experimental data on the free fall of a plastic box through the air was gathered with the help of an ultrasonic distance sensor (HC-SR04). Readings were taken at different intervals during the fall to obtain distance time curves. Acceleration during the free fall was then determined by applying the standard kinematic equations. The shape of the distance-time graphs obtained from the experimental setup was in good agreement with the predicted graphs and the calculated values of g lie within the expected range. After repeated experiments, value of gravitational acceleration was found to be 9.805 m/s2. Hardware and software prepared for the experiment are sufficient to examine movement of ordinary objects during free fall, therefore the experiment can be easily settled in a laboratory for the purpose of learning and teaching.
文摘Polychloroprene (PC) based contact adhesives are widely used in various applications;however, there is a possibility to improve the properties of PC adhesive. Modifications of polymers can enhance the properties of the material, e.g. increase in thermal stability, compatibility, rigidity, physical response, flexibility and improve the polymer process ability. In the current study, improved formulation of solvent-based adhesive was developed, and the properties were further enhanced by the addition of nano-reinforcement of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The addition of nano-reinforcement was optimized to obtain improvement in the bond strength and also to enhance its resistance at a high temperature (~100<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C). This paper discusses the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs during the synthesis of polychloroprene solvent-based adhesive, thereby improving its structural properties. Incorporation of MWCNTs-solvent-based adhesives resulted in a 20% - 35% improvement in 180<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> peel strength determined on flexible substrates such as canvas, leather. The reinforced based adhesive also exhibited improved thermal stability and weather resistance compared with unreinforced adhesive. The MWCNTs- solvent-based contact adhesives is a potential candidate in an industrially relevant branch of adhesives commonly used in structural applications, e.g., footwear, plastic, leather, automobile, construction industries, etc.
文摘The flexible use of sensors has made them an attractive device to be deployed in almost every field of life such as health, military and home. Recent advancement in electronics and wireless communications has witnessed the development of low cost-sensor devices. While wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are flexible to use and less costly, they need to be more energy-efficient as they are operated by the battery. Mostly they are deployed in harsh environments where it is very difficult to change the batteries frequently. Several medium access control (MAC) algorithms have been developed for the energy-efficient acquisition of the wireless channel, however, none of them are satisfactory. In this paper, we proposed a medium access control algorithm called MAC-PE. MAC-PE is based on the concept of prioritized frames where prioritized frames are transmitted urgently. In addition, it uses scheduled-based MAC instead of accessing channel randomly. We found MAC-PE (Power-Efficient MAC) was efficient in terms of power consumption without sacrificing on the performance using NS-2.
