Due to urban construction and renovation projects,a large amount of construction and demolition waste(CDW)is increasing year by year in China.Among them,soil-brick mixture(SBM)is most widely landfilled because many ol...Due to urban construction and renovation projects,a large amount of construction and demolition waste(CDW)is increasing year by year in China.Among them,soil-brick mixture(SBM)is most widely landfilled because many older brick buildings were constructed in the last century(Zhang et al.,2022;Xu et al.,2021).Since the SBM is composed of two kinds of geotechnical materials,its mechanical properties are more complex than those of the single material.They depend not only on the mechanical properties of the individual components such as soil and brick,but also on the relative content of these components and the shape of the coarse particles(Zhu et al.,2021).The shear properties of SBM directly affect the stability of slope and paving engineering;therefore,it is significant to study the mechanical properties of SBM.展开更多
Aims: To assess N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate injection’s effectiveness and safety in the treatment of gastric varix hemorrhage. Methods: Endoscopic treatment with N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection was performed on 32 pati...Aims: To assess N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate injection’s effectiveness and safety in the treatment of gastric varix hemorrhage. Methods: Endoscopic treatment with N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection was performed on 32 patients (21 males and 11 females) with gastric variceal bleeding. The socioeconomic status of the patients, initial hemostasis, rebleeding rate, complications, and mortality rate were all reviewed retrospectively. Patients with liver cirrhosis who presented with hematemesis or melena or whose endoscopy revealed gastric variceal bleeding were included. Therefore, patients with hemodynamic instability were excluded. Results: A total of 32 patients underwent Histoacryl<sup>®</sup> glue injection to treat bleeding gastric varices. The mean age was 56.09 ± 9.29 (mean ± SD) years old. Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, both hepatitis B and C accounted for 11 cases (34.4%). IGV1 was the most commonly seen, according to the Sarin classification, with 15 cases (46.8%), followed by GOV1 with 10 cases (31.3%) and GOV2 with 7 cases (21.9%). With 15 cases (46.9%), the majority of patients had a Child-Pugh (CTP) B score. 12 cases (37.5%) and 11 (34.4%), respectively, of hematemesis and melena, were reported. In all patients, initial hemostasis was achieved, and there was no documented complication rate. Conclusion: Given the higher rate of hemostasis and great results, our study’s findings indicate that the injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate under endoscopic guidance is safe and effective in the management of GV hemorrhage. After the initial injection, hemostasis was achieved in all of our patients.展开更多
Background/Aims: Cirrhosis represents a late stage of progressive hepatic fibrosis and is generally considered to be irreversible in its advanced stages. Esophageal varix is a complication of liver cirrhosis and is th...Background/Aims: Cirrhosis represents a late stage of progressive hepatic fibrosis and is generally considered to be irreversible in its advanced stages. Esophageal varix is a complication of liver cirrhosis and is the consequence of portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the severity of thrombocytopenia and the presenting of esophageal varices (EVs) in cirrhotic patient. Patients and Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive, analytic and monocentric study, which was carried out at Gastroenterology Department, Khmer Soviet Friendship Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It was conducted from 1st September 2020 to 31<sup>st</sup> January 2021. All patients were diagnosed as liver cirrhosis by clinic, biology and ultrasound. Patients’ data were noted in standardized questionnaire with information such as age, sex, address, laboratory result, and the result of endoscopic finding. All data were registered into a data set and then analyzed by SPSS program version 23. Results: 1445 patients were enrolled for gastroscopy. Only 303 patients (21%) were suggested for variceal screening after the exclusions. Male was predominant with sex ratio F/M (1/2.03). Patients’ age varied between 21 and 80 years old, with the mean age of 55 ± 11 years old. 199 patients (66%) were found with EVs, while EVs grade 1 and 2 without red signs were predominated, accounting to 22.8% and 19.5% respectively. The majority of the patients with platelet count between 50 - 99 giga/l had EVs vs platelet count > 150 giga/l had no EVs (p Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a non-invasive parameter with high accuracy for the prediction of EVs in cirrhosis. The severity of thrombocytopenia increased as the grading of EVs increased. Thus, it can assist in triaging cirrhotic patients for endoscopy to identify EVs.展开更多
Agricultural areas of land are deteriorating every day owing to population increase, rapid urbanization, and industrialization. To feed today’s huge populations, increased crop production is required from smaller are...Agricultural areas of land are deteriorating every day owing to population increase, rapid urbanization, and industrialization. To feed today’s huge populations, increased crop production is required from smaller areas, which warrants the continuous application of high doses of inorganic fertilizers to agricultural land. These cause damage to soil health and, therefore, nutrient imbalance conditions in arable soils. Under these conditions, the benefits of microbial inoculants (such as Actinobacteria) as replacements for harmful chemicals and promoting ecofriendly sustainable farming practices have been made clear through recent technological advances. There are multifunctional traits involved in the production of different types of bioactive compounds responsible for plant growth promotion, and the biocontrol of phytopathogens has reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. There are some well-known groups of nitrogen-fixing Actinobacteria, such as Frankia, which undergo mutualism with plants and offer enhanced symbiotic trade-offs.In addition to nitrogen fixation, increasing availability of major plant nutrients in soil due to the solubilization of immobilized forms of phosphorus and potassium compounds, production of phytohormones, such as indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-pyruvic acid, gibberellins, and cytokinins, improving organic matter decomposition by releasing cellulases, xylanase, glucanases, lipases, and proteases, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens by the production of siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and chitinase are important features of Actinobacteria useful for combating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.The positive influence of Actinobacteria on soil fertility and plant health has motivated us to compile this review of important findings associated with sustaining plant productivity in the long run.展开更多
Internet of Things(IoT)is a popular social network in which devices are virtually connected for communicating and sharing information.This is applied greatly in business enterprises and government sectors for deliveri...Internet of Things(IoT)is a popular social network in which devices are virtually connected for communicating and sharing information.This is applied greatly in business enterprises and government sectors for delivering the services to their customers,clients and citizens.But,the interaction is success-ful only based on the trust that each device has on another.Thus trust is very much essential for a social network.As Internet of Things have access over sen-sitive information,it urges to many threats that lead data management to risk.This issue is addressed by trust management that help to take decision about trust-worthiness of requestor and provider before communication and sharing.Several trust-based systems are existing for different domain using Dynamic weight meth-od,Fuzzy classification,Bayes inference and very few Regression analysis for IoT.The proposed algorithm is based on Logistic Regression,which provide strong statistical background to trust prediction.To make our stand strong on regression support to trust,we have compared the performance with equivalent sound Bayes analysis using Beta distribution.The performance is studied in simu-lated IoT setup with Quality of Service(QoS)and Social parameters for the nodes.The proposed model performs better in terms of various metrics.An IoT connects heterogeneous devices such as tags and sensor devices for sharing of information and avail different application services.The most salient features of IoT system is to design it with scalability,extendibility,compatibility and resiliency against attack.The existing worksfinds a way to integrate direct and indirect trust to con-verge quickly and estimate the bias due to attacks in addition to the above features.展开更多
Objective:To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia w...Objective:To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of vaccination.The validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February 2023.The participants were recruited by a convenient sampling method.The data were analysed by descriptive statistics,and logistic regression by using SPSS(Version 27).Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software.Results:A total of 524 participants'data were analyzed and 77.5%of them completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination.Breakthrough infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3%of the participants.Age group of 18 and 30 years(aOR 2.32,95%CI 1.01-5.32)and other ethnicities(aOR 2.00,95%CI 1.02-3.93)significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections.A total of 35.5%of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects,lack of trust to the vaccine,less susceptibility to severe infection,belief in natural immunity,and myths.Conclusions:Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine,management and re-assurance of side effects,and targeted vaccination to the working(younger age group)and ethnic minorities.展开更多
Paddy fields are natural and artificial wetland ecosystems that supply rice for the people and provide the wildlife especially insect diversity of different functional aspects. A total of 71 insect species belonging t...Paddy fields are natural and artificial wetland ecosystems that supply rice for the people and provide the wildlife especially insect diversity of different functional aspects. A total of 71 insect species belonging to 40 families under eight orders were observed during the study period. Among the 71 insect species, 18 species of beetles, nine species of bugs, eight species of dragonfly, five species of butterflies, four species of leafhoppers, plant hoppers and moths, three borer and spiders, two crickets, one species of skippers, grass hopper, hispa, ant, weevil, hairy caterpillar, leaf roller, katydid, thrips, maggot and water boatmen were recorded in the study sites. Total of 41 species of pests, 18 species of predators and 12 species of beneficial species (they function as pollinating the flowering plants in the paddy field wetland ecosystem) were recorded in the study sites. In the monsoon season, the 41 species of pest species, 18 species of predator species and 12 species of beneficial species were recorded from monsoon rice field. According to Shannon Evenness value (<i>H'/S</i> = -0.012564), the data showed that the insect species recorded from the one habitat was not the similar to another. In summer paddy fields, 36 species of pest species, 16 species of predator species and 9 species of beneficial species were recorded. Total arthropod insect species were recorded 61 species from the dry rice fields. According to Shannon Evenness value (<i>H'/S</i> = -0.000120), the data showed that the insect species recorded from the one habitat was not the similar to another. Population growth and duration of life cycle of insects is mainly dominated by the temperature, the duration of life cycle is shorter in the high temperature than in the low temperature.展开更多
Introduction: We present a case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a woman aged 56 years with liver cirrhosis who was diagnosed with isolated duodenal variceal bleeding, which was successfully treated with histoacr...Introduction: We present a case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a woman aged 56 years with liver cirrhosis who was diagnosed with isolated duodenal variceal bleeding, which was successfully treated with histoacryl injection. Case Presentation: A 57-year female cirrhotic patient presented with melena. She had been diagnosed with duodenal variceal bleeding and treated successfully with 2.4 ml histoacryl using a normal gastroscope. The patient subsequently remained stable and free of any further GI bleeding. She was discharged 48 hours later. Her hemoglobin remained stable at 9 g/L. Conclusion: The histoacryl glue injection provides an effective treatment. Hence, this should ideally be performed by an experienced endoscopist who is aware of and vigilant for the serious complications of this treatment option.展开更多
Background:Lymphatic filariasis(LF)is endemic in Myanmar and targeted for elimination.To highlight the National Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis(NPELF)progress between 2000 and 2014,this paper describes the...Background:Lymphatic filariasis(LF)is endemic in Myanmar and targeted for elimination.To highlight the National Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis(NPELF)progress between 2000 and 2014,this paper describes the geographical distribution of LF,the scale-up and impact of mass drug administration(MDA)implementation,and the first evidence of the decline in transmission in five districts.Methods:The LF distribution was determined by mapping historical and baseline prevalence data collected by NPELF.Data on the MDA implementation,reported coverage rates and sentinel site surveillance were summarized.A statistical model was developed from the available prevalence data to predict prevalence at township level by year of measurement.Transmission assessment survey(TAS)methods,measuring antigenemia(Ag)prevalence in children,were used to determine whether prevalence was below a level where recrudescence is unlikely to occur.Results:The highest baseline LF prevalence was found in the Central Valley region.The MDA implementation activities scaled up to cover 45 districts,representing the majority of the endemic population,with drug coverage rates ranging from 60.0%to 98.5%.Challenges related to drug supply and local conflict were reported,and interrupted MDA in some districts.Overall,significant reductions in LF prevalence were found,especially after the first 2 to 3 rounds of MDA,which was supported by the corresponding model.The TAS activities in five districts found only two Ag positive children,resulting in all districts passing the critical threshold.Conclusion:Overall,the Myanmar NPELF has made positive steps forward in the elimination of LF despite several challenges,however,it needs to maintain momentum,drawing on international stakeholder support,to aim towards the national and global goals of elimination.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic and physiological responses of rice under different water management systems, types of fertilizer and seedling age. This experiment was done at the farm of Ag...A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic and physiological responses of rice under different water management systems, types of fertilizer and seedling age. This experiment was done at the farm of Agri Park, College of Agriculture, Central Experimental Station (CES), Crop Science Cluster of the University of the Philippines Los Banos, College Laguna during 2013. The strip-split plot design with three replications was used with the two types of fertilizer (vermicompost and chemical fertilizer), water management (with and without standing water) and two seedling ages (10 and 14-d old) were the treatments in the experiment. Chemical fertilizer produced the highest grain yield, total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR). Most of these characters significantly increased in 10-d old seedlings with chemical fertilizer without standing water. The shorter phyllochron and higher root pulling resistance (RPR) were observed in 10-d old seedlings without standing water. For the variety NSIC Rc 216, the use of 10-d old seedlings grown without standing water with chemical fertilizer is the optimum conditions for the better growth and high productivity.展开更多
Mango is one of the largest commercial fruit<span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Myanmar and the fruit fly, </span><i>...Mango is one of the largest commercial fruit<span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Myanmar and the fruit fly, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dorsalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">correcta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are the major pests. Mango is a kind of native fruit which can grow well as natural vegetation throughout the entire country under the various climatic conditions. We aimed to point out overuse of insecticide application in agricultural sector of Myanmar and further criteria of effective fruit fly control techniques were also proposed for worldwide ecosystem. Traditional fruit fly control is primarily focused on the uncoordinated use of insecticide applications which is orchard-by-orchard strategy. However, in view of flying distance, this localized strategy is not successful and harms the ecosystem. Occasionally, fruit bagging technique was applied by some farmers. In Myanmar’s agricultural sector, numerous varieties of cheap insecticides which mostly imported from China were plentiful. While conventional insecticide application controls were implemented annually, the population of fruit flies increased year after year, particularly in tropical region. The requirement of technical-scientific research reduced the worldwide fruit fly records. Furthermore, traditional insecticide application approach inhibits the yield and quality of mangoes that have adversely affected international trade. Importantly, in long term period of the entire previous decade, the conventional insecticide application controls make more fruit fly infestation.</span>展开更多
Prevalence rate of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> was conducted in 20 houses from semi-urban areas of Yangon Region. Larval surveys were done at indoors and outdoors water containers of five types. Prevalence rate o...Prevalence rate of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> was conducted in 20 houses from semi-urban areas of Yangon Region. Larval surveys were done at indoors and outdoors water containers of five types. Prevalence rate of larval density larvae was investigated monthly by standard indices. The highest infestation rate of the container index (CI) was in June 2018 (56.52%), the second highest was in July 2017 (48.36%) and the lowest rate was in April 2017 (5.07%);those of the Jar index (JI) was highest (36.49%) in June and second highest rate (23.8%) was in October 2017. Reasoning the Metal drum (MI) was highest (13.95%) in June 2018 and second highest (6.25%) was in July 2017. The larval infestation rate of Earthen pot (EI) was highest (42.1%) in July 2017. The larval incident rate in almost all indices showed that the highest rate was at the beginning of monsoon season, in June and July, while in the remaining months, the larval incident rate was found to decrease due to the application of insecticides in the study area by the Township Public Health Department. However, the application of insecticides did not cover all the breeding sites of the mosquitoes, the water puddles under their houses were left to apply the insecticides. The positive larval incident rate was assessed by Household (HI), Container index (CI), Breteau index (BI). The highest and second highest positive larval incident rates were all in June 2018 and July 2017 in all indices, HI (27.3% and 23.4%), CI (56.52% and 48.36%), BI (17.56% and 16.79%) and SI (28.49% and 24.38%) respectively. The lowest rate in all indices was 2.56% (HI), 5.07% (IC), 2.67% (BI) and 1.91% (SI) in April. In this study, the fluctuation of indices of infestation rates and positive larval index value was positively correlated in similar trends in the study months. The reason for difficult control measure depends on the water sources under their houses and remains stagnant throughout the year, even in the dry season. High incident and death rates of the children due to Dengue/Dengue Haemor展开更多
Long hairpin dsRNA transcribed from chromosomal DNA can induce RNA interference in Bombyx mori cells, although its gene silencing efficiency is lower than that of exogenously introduced double-stranded RNAs （dsRNAs）...Long hairpin dsRNA transcribed from chromosomal DNA can induce RNA interference in Bombyx mori cells, although its gene silencing efficiency is lower than that of exogenously introduced double-stranded RNAs （dsRNAs）. To solve this problem, we monitored the nuclear cytoplasmic translocation of the transcribed hairpin dsRNA and analyzed the processing efficiency into mature small interfering RNA （siRNA）. Northem blot analysis revealed that the transcribed hairpin dsRNAs were spliced and transported into the cytoplasm, but were not effectively diced into siRNAs. Interestingly, RNAi with hairpin dsRNAs from genome-integrated IR transgene was stimulated by the coexpression of Escherichia coli RNase III, although this exogenous enzyme seemed to bring about nonspecific cleavage of cellular mRNA.展开更多
有限控制集模型预测控制(finite-control-set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)依靠被控逆变器所具有开关状态对控制目标滚动寻优计算。为减小多电平逆变器中滚动计算开关状态所需时间,该文对经典有限控制集模型预测电流控制进行改进...有限控制集模型预测控制(finite-control-set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)依靠被控逆变器所具有开关状态对控制目标滚动寻优计算。为减小多电平逆变器中滚动计算开关状态所需时间,该文对经典有限控制集模型预测电流控制进行改进。首先,利用控制系统的离散数学模型和参考电流求得被控逆变器在此参考电流下所应输出的参考电压值。此时,引进SVPWM中的分扇区计算概念,判断参考电压所处扇区,最后将该参考电压所处扇区内所包含的开关状态来循环寻优计算。最后Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建二极管钳位型五电平并网逆变器系统模型,通过仿真结果,得以验证改进算法的正确性和实用性。展开更多
AIM:To study if impaired renal function is associated with increased risk of peri-infarct heart failure (HF) in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF).METHODS:Patients with occluded infarct-related arteries (I...AIM:To study if impaired renal function is associated with increased risk of peri-infarct heart failure (HF) in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF).METHODS:Patients with occluded infarct-related arteries (IRAs) between 1 to 28 d after myocardial infarction (MI) were grouped into chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Rates of early post-MI HF were compared among eGFR groups.Logistic regression was used to explore independent predictors of HF.RESULTS:Reduced eGFR was present in 71.1% of 2160 patients,with significant renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min every 1.73 m2) in 14.8%.The prevalence of HF was higher with worsening renal function:15.5%,17.8% and 29.4% in patients with CKD stages 1,2 and 3 or 4,respectively (P < 0.0001),despite a small absolute difference in mean EF across eGFR groups:48.2 ± 10.0,47.9 ± 11.3 and 46.2 ± 12.1,respectively (P=0.02).The prevalence of HF was again higher with worsening renal function among patients with preserved EF:10.1%,13.6% and 23.6% (P < 0.0001),but this relationship was not significant among patients with depressed EF:27.1%,26.2% and 37.9% (P= 0.071).Moreover,eGFR was an independent correlate of HF in patients with preserved EF (P=0.003) but not in patients with depressed EF (P=0.181).CONCLUSION:A significant proportion of post-MI patients with occluded IRAs have impaired renal function.Impaired renal function was associated with an increased rate of early post-MI HF,the association being strongest in patients with preserved EF.These findings have implications for management of peri-infarct HF.展开更多
The silkworm genome encodes three iron storage proteins or ferritins, FerlHCH, Fer2LCH, and Fer3HCH. Probing our EST library constructed from 1-day- old silkworm eggs revealed only Fer2LCH mRNA, which encoded for a pr...The silkworm genome encodes three iron storage proteins or ferritins, FerlHCH, Fer2LCH, and Fer3HCH. Probing our EST library constructed from 1-day- old silkworm eggs revealed only Fer2LCH mRNA, which encoded for a protein with a predicted putative N-glycosylation site. Developmental and tissue expression analyses dur- ing embryogenesis revealed that Fer2LCH mRNA was abundant from 6 h to 6 days after oviposition. Transcriptional expression of Fer2LCH during the postembryonic stage is also high in the larval fat body and mid-gut, and then is upregulated in all pupal tissues tested. We found that Fer2LCHmRNA contains an iron-responsive element, suggesting this fer- ritin subunit is subject to translational control. Although ferritin expression has been shown to increase following immune challenge in other insects, the levels of Fer2LCH mRNA were not significantly induced following viral or bacterial infection ofBombyx mori. Using a baculovirus expression system we expressed recombinant BmFer2LCH protein, which was detectable in the cytoplasmic fraction, likely in a compartment of the secretory path- way, and was shown to undergo posttranslational modifications including N-glycosylation. In particular, rBmFer2LCH carbohydrate chains were composed ofmannose and GlcNAc. We suggest that Fer2LCH is important for iron homeostasis and maintaining normal organ function in silkworms.展开更多
Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait...Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(Nos.42090054,41931295)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2022CFA002)。
文摘Due to urban construction and renovation projects,a large amount of construction and demolition waste(CDW)is increasing year by year in China.Among them,soil-brick mixture(SBM)is most widely landfilled because many older brick buildings were constructed in the last century(Zhang et al.,2022;Xu et al.,2021).Since the SBM is composed of two kinds of geotechnical materials,its mechanical properties are more complex than those of the single material.They depend not only on the mechanical properties of the individual components such as soil and brick,but also on the relative content of these components and the shape of the coarse particles(Zhu et al.,2021).The shear properties of SBM directly affect the stability of slope and paving engineering;therefore,it is significant to study the mechanical properties of SBM.
文摘Aims: To assess N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate injection’s effectiveness and safety in the treatment of gastric varix hemorrhage. Methods: Endoscopic treatment with N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection was performed on 32 patients (21 males and 11 females) with gastric variceal bleeding. The socioeconomic status of the patients, initial hemostasis, rebleeding rate, complications, and mortality rate were all reviewed retrospectively. Patients with liver cirrhosis who presented with hematemesis or melena or whose endoscopy revealed gastric variceal bleeding were included. Therefore, patients with hemodynamic instability were excluded. Results: A total of 32 patients underwent Histoacryl<sup>®</sup> glue injection to treat bleeding gastric varices. The mean age was 56.09 ± 9.29 (mean ± SD) years old. Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, both hepatitis B and C accounted for 11 cases (34.4%). IGV1 was the most commonly seen, according to the Sarin classification, with 15 cases (46.8%), followed by GOV1 with 10 cases (31.3%) and GOV2 with 7 cases (21.9%). With 15 cases (46.9%), the majority of patients had a Child-Pugh (CTP) B score. 12 cases (37.5%) and 11 (34.4%), respectively, of hematemesis and melena, were reported. In all patients, initial hemostasis was achieved, and there was no documented complication rate. Conclusion: Given the higher rate of hemostasis and great results, our study’s findings indicate that the injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate under endoscopic guidance is safe and effective in the management of GV hemorrhage. After the initial injection, hemostasis was achieved in all of our patients.
文摘Background/Aims: Cirrhosis represents a late stage of progressive hepatic fibrosis and is generally considered to be irreversible in its advanced stages. Esophageal varix is a complication of liver cirrhosis and is the consequence of portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the severity of thrombocytopenia and the presenting of esophageal varices (EVs) in cirrhotic patient. Patients and Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive, analytic and monocentric study, which was carried out at Gastroenterology Department, Khmer Soviet Friendship Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It was conducted from 1st September 2020 to 31<sup>st</sup> January 2021. All patients were diagnosed as liver cirrhosis by clinic, biology and ultrasound. Patients’ data were noted in standardized questionnaire with information such as age, sex, address, laboratory result, and the result of endoscopic finding. All data were registered into a data set and then analyzed by SPSS program version 23. Results: 1445 patients were enrolled for gastroscopy. Only 303 patients (21%) were suggested for variceal screening after the exclusions. Male was predominant with sex ratio F/M (1/2.03). Patients’ age varied between 21 and 80 years old, with the mean age of 55 ± 11 years old. 199 patients (66%) were found with EVs, while EVs grade 1 and 2 without red signs were predominated, accounting to 22.8% and 19.5% respectively. The majority of the patients with platelet count between 50 - 99 giga/l had EVs vs platelet count > 150 giga/l had no EVs (p Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a non-invasive parameter with high accuracy for the prediction of EVs in cirrhosis. The severity of thrombocytopenia increased as the grading of EVs increased. Thus, it can assist in triaging cirrhotic patients for endoscopy to identify EVs.
文摘Agricultural areas of land are deteriorating every day owing to population increase, rapid urbanization, and industrialization. To feed today’s huge populations, increased crop production is required from smaller areas, which warrants the continuous application of high doses of inorganic fertilizers to agricultural land. These cause damage to soil health and, therefore, nutrient imbalance conditions in arable soils. Under these conditions, the benefits of microbial inoculants (such as Actinobacteria) as replacements for harmful chemicals and promoting ecofriendly sustainable farming practices have been made clear through recent technological advances. There are multifunctional traits involved in the production of different types of bioactive compounds responsible for plant growth promotion, and the biocontrol of phytopathogens has reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. There are some well-known groups of nitrogen-fixing Actinobacteria, such as Frankia, which undergo mutualism with plants and offer enhanced symbiotic trade-offs.In addition to nitrogen fixation, increasing availability of major plant nutrients in soil due to the solubilization of immobilized forms of phosphorus and potassium compounds, production of phytohormones, such as indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-pyruvic acid, gibberellins, and cytokinins, improving organic matter decomposition by releasing cellulases, xylanase, glucanases, lipases, and proteases, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens by the production of siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and chitinase are important features of Actinobacteria useful for combating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.The positive influence of Actinobacteria on soil fertility and plant health has motivated us to compile this review of important findings associated with sustaining plant productivity in the long run.
文摘Internet of Things(IoT)is a popular social network in which devices are virtually connected for communicating and sharing information.This is applied greatly in business enterprises and government sectors for delivering the services to their customers,clients and citizens.But,the interaction is success-ful only based on the trust that each device has on another.Thus trust is very much essential for a social network.As Internet of Things have access over sen-sitive information,it urges to many threats that lead data management to risk.This issue is addressed by trust management that help to take decision about trust-worthiness of requestor and provider before communication and sharing.Several trust-based systems are existing for different domain using Dynamic weight meth-od,Fuzzy classification,Bayes inference and very few Regression analysis for IoT.The proposed algorithm is based on Logistic Regression,which provide strong statistical background to trust prediction.To make our stand strong on regression support to trust,we have compared the performance with equivalent sound Bayes analysis using Beta distribution.The performance is studied in simu-lated IoT setup with Quality of Service(QoS)and Social parameters for the nodes.The proposed model performs better in terms of various metrics.An IoT connects heterogeneous devices such as tags and sensor devices for sharing of information and avail different application services.The most salient features of IoT system is to design it with scalability,extendibility,compatibility and resiliency against attack.The existing worksfinds a way to integrate direct and indirect trust to con-verge quickly and estimate the bias due to attacks in addition to the above features.
文摘Objective:To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of vaccination.The validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February 2023.The participants were recruited by a convenient sampling method.The data were analysed by descriptive statistics,and logistic regression by using SPSS(Version 27).Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software.Results:A total of 524 participants'data were analyzed and 77.5%of them completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination.Breakthrough infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3%of the participants.Age group of 18 and 30 years(aOR 2.32,95%CI 1.01-5.32)and other ethnicities(aOR 2.00,95%CI 1.02-3.93)significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections.A total of 35.5%of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects,lack of trust to the vaccine,less susceptibility to severe infection,belief in natural immunity,and myths.Conclusions:Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine,management and re-assurance of side effects,and targeted vaccination to the working(younger age group)and ethnic minorities.
文摘Paddy fields are natural and artificial wetland ecosystems that supply rice for the people and provide the wildlife especially insect diversity of different functional aspects. A total of 71 insect species belonging to 40 families under eight orders were observed during the study period. Among the 71 insect species, 18 species of beetles, nine species of bugs, eight species of dragonfly, five species of butterflies, four species of leafhoppers, plant hoppers and moths, three borer and spiders, two crickets, one species of skippers, grass hopper, hispa, ant, weevil, hairy caterpillar, leaf roller, katydid, thrips, maggot and water boatmen were recorded in the study sites. Total of 41 species of pests, 18 species of predators and 12 species of beneficial species (they function as pollinating the flowering plants in the paddy field wetland ecosystem) were recorded in the study sites. In the monsoon season, the 41 species of pest species, 18 species of predator species and 12 species of beneficial species were recorded from monsoon rice field. According to Shannon Evenness value (<i>H'/S</i> = -0.012564), the data showed that the insect species recorded from the one habitat was not the similar to another. In summer paddy fields, 36 species of pest species, 16 species of predator species and 9 species of beneficial species were recorded. Total arthropod insect species were recorded 61 species from the dry rice fields. According to Shannon Evenness value (<i>H'/S</i> = -0.000120), the data showed that the insect species recorded from the one habitat was not the similar to another. Population growth and duration of life cycle of insects is mainly dominated by the temperature, the duration of life cycle is shorter in the high temperature than in the low temperature.
文摘Introduction: We present a case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a woman aged 56 years with liver cirrhosis who was diagnosed with isolated duodenal variceal bleeding, which was successfully treated with histoacryl injection. Case Presentation: A 57-year female cirrhotic patient presented with melena. She had been diagnosed with duodenal variceal bleeding and treated successfully with 2.4 ml histoacryl using a normal gastroscope. The patient subsequently remained stable and free of any further GI bleeding. She was discharged 48 hours later. Her hemoglobin remained stable at 9 g/L. Conclusion: The histoacryl glue injection provides an effective treatment. Hence, this should ideally be performed by an experienced endoscopist who is aware of and vigilant for the serious complications of this treatment option.
基金The LF programme activities were supported by the Ministry of Health and Sports,and funds from the Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases(CNTD)Liverpool,UK through a grant from the Department for International Development(DFID)and GlaxoSmithKline(GSK)for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis。
文摘Background:Lymphatic filariasis(LF)is endemic in Myanmar and targeted for elimination.To highlight the National Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis(NPELF)progress between 2000 and 2014,this paper describes the geographical distribution of LF,the scale-up and impact of mass drug administration(MDA)implementation,and the first evidence of the decline in transmission in five districts.Methods:The LF distribution was determined by mapping historical and baseline prevalence data collected by NPELF.Data on the MDA implementation,reported coverage rates and sentinel site surveillance were summarized.A statistical model was developed from the available prevalence data to predict prevalence at township level by year of measurement.Transmission assessment survey(TAS)methods,measuring antigenemia(Ag)prevalence in children,were used to determine whether prevalence was below a level where recrudescence is unlikely to occur.Results:The highest baseline LF prevalence was found in the Central Valley region.The MDA implementation activities scaled up to cover 45 districts,representing the majority of the endemic population,with drug coverage rates ranging from 60.0%to 98.5%.Challenges related to drug supply and local conflict were reported,and interrupted MDA in some districts.Overall,significant reductions in LF prevalence were found,especially after the first 2 to 3 rounds of MDA,which was supported by the corresponding model.The TAS activities in five districts found only two Ag positive children,resulting in all districts passing the critical threshold.Conclusion:Overall,the Myanmar NPELF has made positive steps forward in the elimination of LF despite several challenges,however,it needs to maintain momentum,drawing on international stakeholder support,to aim towards the national and global goals of elimination.
文摘A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic and physiological responses of rice under different water management systems, types of fertilizer and seedling age. This experiment was done at the farm of Agri Park, College of Agriculture, Central Experimental Station (CES), Crop Science Cluster of the University of the Philippines Los Banos, College Laguna during 2013. The strip-split plot design with three replications was used with the two types of fertilizer (vermicompost and chemical fertilizer), water management (with and without standing water) and two seedling ages (10 and 14-d old) were the treatments in the experiment. Chemical fertilizer produced the highest grain yield, total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR). Most of these characters significantly increased in 10-d old seedlings with chemical fertilizer without standing water. The shorter phyllochron and higher root pulling resistance (RPR) were observed in 10-d old seedlings without standing water. For the variety NSIC Rc 216, the use of 10-d old seedlings grown without standing water with chemical fertilizer is the optimum conditions for the better growth and high productivity.
文摘Mango is one of the largest commercial fruit<span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Myanmar and the fruit fly, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dorsalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">correcta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are the major pests. Mango is a kind of native fruit which can grow well as natural vegetation throughout the entire country under the various climatic conditions. We aimed to point out overuse of insecticide application in agricultural sector of Myanmar and further criteria of effective fruit fly control techniques were also proposed for worldwide ecosystem. Traditional fruit fly control is primarily focused on the uncoordinated use of insecticide applications which is orchard-by-orchard strategy. However, in view of flying distance, this localized strategy is not successful and harms the ecosystem. Occasionally, fruit bagging technique was applied by some farmers. In Myanmar’s agricultural sector, numerous varieties of cheap insecticides which mostly imported from China were plentiful. While conventional insecticide application controls were implemented annually, the population of fruit flies increased year after year, particularly in tropical region. The requirement of technical-scientific research reduced the worldwide fruit fly records. Furthermore, traditional insecticide application approach inhibits the yield and quality of mangoes that have adversely affected international trade. Importantly, in long term period of the entire previous decade, the conventional insecticide application controls make more fruit fly infestation.</span>
文摘Prevalence rate of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> was conducted in 20 houses from semi-urban areas of Yangon Region. Larval surveys were done at indoors and outdoors water containers of five types. Prevalence rate of larval density larvae was investigated monthly by standard indices. The highest infestation rate of the container index (CI) was in June 2018 (56.52%), the second highest was in July 2017 (48.36%) and the lowest rate was in April 2017 (5.07%);those of the Jar index (JI) was highest (36.49%) in June and second highest rate (23.8%) was in October 2017. Reasoning the Metal drum (MI) was highest (13.95%) in June 2018 and second highest (6.25%) was in July 2017. The larval infestation rate of Earthen pot (EI) was highest (42.1%) in July 2017. The larval incident rate in almost all indices showed that the highest rate was at the beginning of monsoon season, in June and July, while in the remaining months, the larval incident rate was found to decrease due to the application of insecticides in the study area by the Township Public Health Department. However, the application of insecticides did not cover all the breeding sites of the mosquitoes, the water puddles under their houses were left to apply the insecticides. The positive larval incident rate was assessed by Household (HI), Container index (CI), Breteau index (BI). The highest and second highest positive larval incident rates were all in June 2018 and July 2017 in all indices, HI (27.3% and 23.4%), CI (56.52% and 48.36%), BI (17.56% and 16.79%) and SI (28.49% and 24.38%) respectively. The lowest rate in all indices was 2.56% (HI), 5.07% (IC), 2.67% (BI) and 1.91% (SI) in April. In this study, the fluctuation of indices of infestation rates and positive larval index value was positively correlated in similar trends in the study months. The reason for difficult control measure depends on the water sources under their houses and remains stagnant throughout the year, even in the dry season. High incident and death rates of the children due to Dengue/Dengue Haemor
文摘Long hairpin dsRNA transcribed from chromosomal DNA can induce RNA interference in Bombyx mori cells, although its gene silencing efficiency is lower than that of exogenously introduced double-stranded RNAs （dsRNAs）. To solve this problem, we monitored the nuclear cytoplasmic translocation of the transcribed hairpin dsRNA and analyzed the processing efficiency into mature small interfering RNA （siRNA）. Northem blot analysis revealed that the transcribed hairpin dsRNAs were spliced and transported into the cytoplasm, but were not effectively diced into siRNAs. Interestingly, RNAi with hairpin dsRNAs from genome-integrated IR transgene was stimulated by the coexpression of Escherichia coli RNase III, although this exogenous enzyme seemed to bring about nonspecific cleavage of cellular mRNA.
文摘有限控制集模型预测控制(finite-control-set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)依靠被控逆变器所具有开关状态对控制目标滚动寻优计算。为减小多电平逆变器中滚动计算开关状态所需时间,该文对经典有限控制集模型预测电流控制进行改进。首先,利用控制系统的离散数学模型和参考电流求得被控逆变器在此参考电流下所应输出的参考电压值。此时,引进SVPWM中的分扇区计算概念,判断参考电压所处扇区,最后将该参考电压所处扇区内所包含的开关状态来循环寻优计算。最后Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建二极管钳位型五电平并网逆变器系统模型,通过仿真结果,得以验证改进算法的正确性和实用性。
基金Supported by Award Numbers U01 HL062509 and U01 HL062511 from the National Heart,Lung,And Blood Institute
文摘AIM:To study if impaired renal function is associated with increased risk of peri-infarct heart failure (HF) in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF).METHODS:Patients with occluded infarct-related arteries (IRAs) between 1 to 28 d after myocardial infarction (MI) were grouped into chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Rates of early post-MI HF were compared among eGFR groups.Logistic regression was used to explore independent predictors of HF.RESULTS:Reduced eGFR was present in 71.1% of 2160 patients,with significant renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min every 1.73 m2) in 14.8%.The prevalence of HF was higher with worsening renal function:15.5%,17.8% and 29.4% in patients with CKD stages 1,2 and 3 or 4,respectively (P < 0.0001),despite a small absolute difference in mean EF across eGFR groups:48.2 ± 10.0,47.9 ± 11.3 and 46.2 ± 12.1,respectively (P=0.02).The prevalence of HF was again higher with worsening renal function among patients with preserved EF:10.1%,13.6% and 23.6% (P < 0.0001),but this relationship was not significant among patients with depressed EF:27.1%,26.2% and 37.9% (P= 0.071).Moreover,eGFR was an independent correlate of HF in patients with preserved EF (P=0.003) but not in patients with depressed EF (P=0.181).CONCLUSION:A significant proportion of post-MI patients with occluded IRAs have impaired renal function.Impaired renal function was associated with an increased rate of early post-MI HF,the association being strongest in patients with preserved EF.These findings have implications for management of peri-infarct HF.
文摘The silkworm genome encodes three iron storage proteins or ferritins, FerlHCH, Fer2LCH, and Fer3HCH. Probing our EST library constructed from 1-day- old silkworm eggs revealed only Fer2LCH mRNA, which encoded for a protein with a predicted putative N-glycosylation site. Developmental and tissue expression analyses dur- ing embryogenesis revealed that Fer2LCH mRNA was abundant from 6 h to 6 days after oviposition. Transcriptional expression of Fer2LCH during the postembryonic stage is also high in the larval fat body and mid-gut, and then is upregulated in all pupal tissues tested. We found that Fer2LCHmRNA contains an iron-responsive element, suggesting this fer- ritin subunit is subject to translational control. Although ferritin expression has been shown to increase following immune challenge in other insects, the levels of Fer2LCH mRNA were not significantly induced following viral or bacterial infection ofBombyx mori. Using a baculovirus expression system we expressed recombinant BmFer2LCH protein, which was detectable in the cytoplasmic fraction, likely in a compartment of the secretory path- way, and was shown to undergo posttranslational modifications including N-glycosylation. In particular, rBmFer2LCH carbohydrate chains were composed ofmannose and GlcNAc. We suggest that Fer2LCH is important for iron homeostasis and maintaining normal organ function in silkworms.
文摘Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.
