Thymidine-containing derivatives are considered to be among the most significant derivatives in medicinal chemistry. In this study, we employed a combined computational approach involving density-functional theory (DF...Thymidine-containing derivatives are considered to be among the most significant derivatives in medicinal chemistry. In this study, we employed a combined computational approach involving density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking simulations, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) property predictions. Prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) revealed promising antiviral, antimicrobial and anti-carcinogenic activities of these thymidine derivatives. Using Gaussian 09, we optimized the molecular structures of the thymidine derivatives to obtain their stable conformations and calculate their electronic properties. Subsequently, molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the binding interactions between the thymidine derivatives and the active site of the Candida albicans (PDB: 1IYL and 2Y7L) proteins. The docking results were evaluated based on docking scores, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions and revealed favorable binding interactions between the thymidine derivatives and the proteins, suggesting their potential as antifungal agents. The thermodynamic properties, including binding free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes were determined to assess the stability and strength of the ligands-protein complexes. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters, such as ADMET properties, provided insights into the drug-likeness and potential bioavailability of the thymidine derivatives. These results offer a foundation for further experimental investigations and the design of novel antifungal agents targeting Candida albicans infections.展开更多
The soil samples were collected from a shallow landslide hazard site of the Rangamati Sadar in Bangladesh to determine the shear strength properties of the soil. Multistage triaxial consolidation undrained test has be...The soil samples were collected from a shallow landslide hazard site of the Rangamati Sadar in Bangladesh to determine the shear strength properties of the soil. Multistage triaxial consolidation undrained test has become worldwide more accepted to determine the shear strength parameters. Multistage triaxial undrained tests were performed on five samples taken from five different depths of boreholes. Samples were evaluated under two natural conditions and three remolded situations. Samples were consolidated before shearing at confining pressures from 50 kPa to 1200 kPa. All the test results are discussed in terms of deviator stress versus axial strain, mean effective stress versus deviator curves, stress ratio versus axial strain, and excess p. w. p. versus axial strain curves. The samples consolidated at low effective stress first displayed peak positive values of excess p. w. p., followed by increased strains due to sample bulging failure, and only a few samples formed a shear surface failure. The strength parameters were estimated using the maximum deviator stress as the failure criterion i.e. the overall value of the cohesion is 20 kPa and the friction angle is 34°. Hence, the critical state line has been constructed and the critical state parameters have been calculated. The critical state stress ratio M was calculated to be 0.036. The shear strength of soil is one of the significant mechanical properties that are thoroughly used to assess the landslide and liquefaction potentiality of the soil.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate the impact of extreme rainfall events on landslides under current and past climate scenarios. Rainfall-triggered landslides are analyzed by rainfall estimates, derived using statistics of e...This study aims to evaluate the impact of extreme rainfall events on landslides under current and past climate scenarios. Rainfall-triggered landslides are analyzed by rainfall estimates, derived using statistics of events. It is established that recent climate changes, mainly temperature and rainfall patterns have significantly increased the rainfall-induced landslide hazards in the Rangamati district, Bangladesh. It is also observed that the temperature and rainfall of Rangamati had increased gradually during the last 40 years (1981-2021). On 13 June 2017, a series of landslides triggered by heavy monsoon rains (300 mm/24 h) occurred and killed more than 112 people in the Rangamati hill district, Bangladesh. The highest annual decade rainfall is 3816 mm, recorded in 2010-21. A relationship between causalities and the number of events has also been established. The analysis shows that both antecedent and single-day major rainfall patterns can influence sliding events. It is established that monsoonal rainfall (June-September) can significantly influence catastrophic landslide hazard events. Finally, two rainfall threshold lines for the researched area are constructed based on antecedent and single-day major rainfall occurrences, as well as the number of fatalities caused by landslides. Total rainfall of 100 mm (16.66 mm/day) during six days appears to define the minimum rainfall that has led to shallow landslides/slope failures, while 210 mm (35 mm/day) within six days appears to define the lowest rainfall that could be a cause of catastrophic landslide in Rangamati district.展开更多
Liquefaction is one of the major catastrophic geohazards which usually occurs in saturated or partially saturated sandy or silty soils during a seismic event. Evaluating the potential liquefaction risks of a seismical...Liquefaction is one of the major catastrophic geohazards which usually occurs in saturated or partially saturated sandy or silty soils during a seismic event. Evaluating the potential liquefaction risks of a seismically prone area can significantly reduce the loss of lives and damage to civil infrastructures. This research is mainly focused on the earthquake-induced liquefaction risk assessment based on Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) values at different earthquake magnitudes (M = 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0) with a peak ground acceleration (a<sub>max</sub>) of 0.28 g in the Rohingya Refugee camp and surrounding areas of Ukhiya, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results have been evaluated for potential liquefaction assessment. The soils are mainly composed of very loose to loose sands with some silts and clays. Geotechnical properties of these very loose sandy soils are very much consistent with the criteria of liquefiable soil. It is established from the grain size analysis results;the soil of the study area is mainly sand dominated (SP) with some silty clay (SC) which consists of 93.68% to 99.48% sand, 0.06% to 4.71% gravel and 0% to 6.26% silt and clay. Some Clayey Sand (SC) is also present. The silty clay can be characterized as medium (CI) to high plasticity (CH) inorganic clay soil. LPI values have been calculated to identify risk zones and to prepare risk maps of the investigated area. Based on these obtained LPI values, four (4) susceptible liquefaction risk zones are identified as low, medium, high and very high. The established “Risk Maps” can be used for future geological engineering works as well as for sustainable planning, design and construction purposes relating to adaptation and mitigation of seismic hazards in the investigated area.展开更多
Power saving is one of the key factors of emerging 4G mobile network as well as in IEEE 802.16e wireless metropolitan area networks (Wireless MAN). An efficient power saving mechanism is the heart for the guarantee of...Power saving is one of the key factors of emerging 4G mobile network as well as in IEEE 802.16e wireless metropolitan area networks (Wireless MAN). An efficient power saving mechanism is the heart for the guarantee of a long operating lifetime for a mobile subscriber station (MS), because MSs are normally driven by rechargeable batteries. It is a vital factor for Base Station (BS) of the same network. One of the most important features of 5G mobile is the extension of battery energy 10 times greater than the present days. In this context, the evaluation of duration of sleep mode of BS or MS based on traffic load of a network is now a new era of research work. In this paper, such analysis has been done based on two statistical models: Poisson’s pdf and Engset pdf. The concept of complete sharing and partitioning of user group of teletraffic engineering is applied to measure the possibility of getting leisure time of BS or MS. Both the traffic models used in the paper are applicable in both limited and unlimited user network, i.e. in micro and fem to cellular network of 4G and 5G.展开更多
The present study was conducted to analyze the fresh and post-thaw semen quality and fertility from native bulls of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC), BLRI Cattle Breed 1 (BCB1), and Munshiganj Cattle of Bangladesh. One hun...The present study was conducted to analyze the fresh and post-thaw semen quality and fertility from native bulls of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC), BLRI Cattle Breed 1 (BCB1), and Munshiganj Cattle of Bangladesh. One hundred and seventy-two ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina set and semen analysis was performed using Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA) at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. Commercial extender (AndroMed) was used to dilute the fresh semen. After equilibration (4°C for 4 hr), freezing was done using a programmable bio-freezer. Post-thawed semen was evaluated for sperm motility and kinematics. Cryopreserved semen straws were used for artificial insemination (AI) and determined the bull fertility based on 60 days non-return rate. Motility of the sperm differs significantly (p < 0.01) among the genotypes. Total motility was higher in Munshiganj bulls and static motility was higher in BCB1 bulls. However, the semen volume and sperm concentration did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) among the bulls but the highest concentration was found in Munshiganj bull (1669.60 ± 192.07 million/ml) followed by RCC (1648.70 ± 91.07 million/ml) and BCB1 bull (1481.60 ± 167.35 million/ml). Moreover, the highest bent tail (5.89 ± 0.75%), coiled tail (1.01% ± 0.22%) and distal mid-piece reflex (2.26% ± 0.28%) were observed in BCB1 followed by Munshiganj and RCC. Amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) was recorded higher in post-thaw than in fresh semen. Kinematics parameters of post-thaw semen decreased than fresh semen irrespective of genotypes. More number of doses/ejaculates can be produced from Munshiganj bull (394.34 ± 127.95) followed by RCC (349.01 ± 120.91) and BCB 1 bulls (331 ± 98.99). Fertility rate does not differ among the bulls (p > 0.05) but the highest value was found for RCC (62.06% ± 1.94%) bulls. Therefore, it can be concise that, the quality of Red Chittagong Cattle semen is better than BCB 1 and Munshigang bull.展开更多
Wilt complex disease of eggplant is a severe problem in Bangladesh as well as in the world. The pathogenic variability and their survival nature make the disease complex. The pathogen includes a fungus (<i><s...Wilt complex disease of eggplant is a severe problem in Bangladesh as well as in the world. The pathogenic variability and their survival nature make the disease complex. The pathogen includes a fungus (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium oxysporum), </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bacterium (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ralstonia solanacearum)</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a nematode (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Meloidogyne </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spp.) that attack the plant individually or combinedly. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the integrated effects of different chemicals, poultry manure and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ichoderma harzianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to manage the disease. Carbendazim (Autos</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tin 50WP), Streptomycin sulphate 9% and Tetracycline hydrochloride 1% (Krosin 10SP) and Carbofuran (Furadan 3G) were used as a fungicide, bactericide and nematicide, respectively which were integrated with poultry manure and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">resulting in sixteen treatments</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The treatment efficacy varied significantly in comparison to control in respect of wilt incidence, yield and yield contributing characters. No wilt incidence was observed where </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was applied individually or in combination with Furadan 3G, Krosin 10SP, Autostin 50WP and poultry manure. The highest yield increase (300%) over control was noted in the treatment where Krosin 10SP, Furadan 3G, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></展开更多
Due to some intrinsic functional behavior of alginate, many potential applications in the healthcare industry especially in wound care sector are observed. Many researches have been carried out to develop potential bi...Due to some intrinsic functional behavior of alginate, many potential applications in the healthcare industry especially in wound care sector are observed. Many researches have been carried out to develop potential biomedical biocompatible products in different forms from alginate fibres. Alginate nanofibres were prepared from sodium alginate polymer with the presence of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a small amount of Triton ×100 surfactant. A homogeneous spinning solution was prepared for producing Na-alginate/PEO nanofibers in electrospinning device. Nanofibres were produced by electrospinning from 70:30 and 80:20 Na-alginate/PEO of 4% solution. After a series of trials, the electrospinning parameters were optimized at 16 cm working distance, 0.4 mL/h flow rate and 10.5 kV applied voltage. The results show that the 4 wt% of 70:30 Na-alginate/PEO solution with 0.5 wt% Triton × 100 surfactant yielded smooth and stable electrospinning. The surface morphology of the fibres was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and found the uniform fibres with an average diameter of 124 nm containing few thick or spindle-like fibres. FTIR investigation identified the chemical structure and molecular changes that occurred in the fibers.展开更多
The present study was aimed to validate an analytical method for the quantification of 19 organochlorine and 2 synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in water samples using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rug...The present study was aimed to validate an analytical method for the quantification of 19 organochlorine and 2 synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in water samples using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (ECD). The selected pesticide residues were determined by in-house validated method. The analytical method was validated by evaluating the accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The average recoveries of the selected pesticides ranged from 78% to 117% with RSDr ≤ 12% in two fortification levels of 0.02 and 0.1 mg/L. The linearity was ≥0.995 for all of the selected pesticides. The LOD ranged from 0.003 to 0.006 mg/L and the LOQ was 0.02 mg/L for all the selected analytes. This method was applied satisfactorily for the residue analysis of 108 water samples collected from nine districts of Bangladesh. Among the analyzed samples, only 4 had cypermethrin residues (0.026 mg/L, 0.034 mg/L, 0.045 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L). The level of detected cypermethrin residues were above the WHO recommended guide line values of water quality.展开更多
Bangladesh is a south Asian Monsoonal Country and the recent precipitation pattern in the Cox’s Bazar area of Bangladesh is changing and increasing the number of monsoonal slope failures and landslide hazards in the ...Bangladesh is a south Asian Monsoonal Country and the recent precipitation pattern in the Cox’s Bazar area of Bangladesh is changing and increasing the number of monsoonal slope failures and landslide hazards in the Kutubpalong & Balukhali Rohingya camp area. An attempt has been made to see the influence of seasonal variation of ground water level (G.W.L.) fluctuations on the stability of the eco hills and forests of Ukhiya Teknaf region. Ukhiya hills are in great danger because of cutting trees from the hill slopes and it is well established that due to recent change of climate, short term rainfall for few consecutive days during monsoon might show an influence on the factor of safety (Fs) values of the camp hill slopes. A clear G.W.L. variation between dry and wet seasons has an influence on the stability (Fs) values indicating that climate has a strong influence on the stability and threatening sustainable development. A stable or marginally stable slope might be unstable during raining and show a variation of ground water level (G.W.L.). The generation of pore water pressure (P.W.P.) is also influenced by seasonal variation of ground water level. During wet season negative P.W.P. called suction plays an important role to occur slope failures in the Ukhiya hills. Based on all calculated factor of safety values (Fs) at different locations, four (4) susceptible landslide risk zones are identified. They are very high risk (Fs = 0.18 to 0.46), high risk (Fs = 0.56 to 0.75), medium risk (Fs = 0.76 to 1.0) and marginally stable areas (Fs ≈ 1). Proper geo-engineering measures must be taken by the concerned authorizes to reduce P.W.P. during monsoon by installing rain water harvesting system, allowing sufficient drainage & other geotechnical measures to reduce the risk of slope failures in the Ukhiya hills. Based on the stability factor (Fs) at different slope locations of the camp hills, a risk map of the investigated area has been produced for the local community for their safety and to build up awareness & to m展开更多
文摘Thymidine-containing derivatives are considered to be among the most significant derivatives in medicinal chemistry. In this study, we employed a combined computational approach involving density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking simulations, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) property predictions. Prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) revealed promising antiviral, antimicrobial and anti-carcinogenic activities of these thymidine derivatives. Using Gaussian 09, we optimized the molecular structures of the thymidine derivatives to obtain their stable conformations and calculate their electronic properties. Subsequently, molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the binding interactions between the thymidine derivatives and the active site of the Candida albicans (PDB: 1IYL and 2Y7L) proteins. The docking results were evaluated based on docking scores, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions and revealed favorable binding interactions between the thymidine derivatives and the proteins, suggesting their potential as antifungal agents. The thermodynamic properties, including binding free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes were determined to assess the stability and strength of the ligands-protein complexes. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters, such as ADMET properties, provided insights into the drug-likeness and potential bioavailability of the thymidine derivatives. These results offer a foundation for further experimental investigations and the design of novel antifungal agents targeting Candida albicans infections.
文摘The soil samples were collected from a shallow landslide hazard site of the Rangamati Sadar in Bangladesh to determine the shear strength properties of the soil. Multistage triaxial consolidation undrained test has become worldwide more accepted to determine the shear strength parameters. Multistage triaxial undrained tests were performed on five samples taken from five different depths of boreholes. Samples were evaluated under two natural conditions and three remolded situations. Samples were consolidated before shearing at confining pressures from 50 kPa to 1200 kPa. All the test results are discussed in terms of deviator stress versus axial strain, mean effective stress versus deviator curves, stress ratio versus axial strain, and excess p. w. p. versus axial strain curves. The samples consolidated at low effective stress first displayed peak positive values of excess p. w. p., followed by increased strains due to sample bulging failure, and only a few samples formed a shear surface failure. The strength parameters were estimated using the maximum deviator stress as the failure criterion i.e. the overall value of the cohesion is 20 kPa and the friction angle is 34°. Hence, the critical state line has been constructed and the critical state parameters have been calculated. The critical state stress ratio M was calculated to be 0.036. The shear strength of soil is one of the significant mechanical properties that are thoroughly used to assess the landslide and liquefaction potentiality of the soil.
文摘This study aims to evaluate the impact of extreme rainfall events on landslides under current and past climate scenarios. Rainfall-triggered landslides are analyzed by rainfall estimates, derived using statistics of events. It is established that recent climate changes, mainly temperature and rainfall patterns have significantly increased the rainfall-induced landslide hazards in the Rangamati district, Bangladesh. It is also observed that the temperature and rainfall of Rangamati had increased gradually during the last 40 years (1981-2021). On 13 June 2017, a series of landslides triggered by heavy monsoon rains (300 mm/24 h) occurred and killed more than 112 people in the Rangamati hill district, Bangladesh. The highest annual decade rainfall is 3816 mm, recorded in 2010-21. A relationship between causalities and the number of events has also been established. The analysis shows that both antecedent and single-day major rainfall patterns can influence sliding events. It is established that monsoonal rainfall (June-September) can significantly influence catastrophic landslide hazard events. Finally, two rainfall threshold lines for the researched area are constructed based on antecedent and single-day major rainfall occurrences, as well as the number of fatalities caused by landslides. Total rainfall of 100 mm (16.66 mm/day) during six days appears to define the minimum rainfall that has led to shallow landslides/slope failures, while 210 mm (35 mm/day) within six days appears to define the lowest rainfall that could be a cause of catastrophic landslide in Rangamati district.
文摘Liquefaction is one of the major catastrophic geohazards which usually occurs in saturated or partially saturated sandy or silty soils during a seismic event. Evaluating the potential liquefaction risks of a seismically prone area can significantly reduce the loss of lives and damage to civil infrastructures. This research is mainly focused on the earthquake-induced liquefaction risk assessment based on Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) values at different earthquake magnitudes (M = 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0) with a peak ground acceleration (a<sub>max</sub>) of 0.28 g in the Rohingya Refugee camp and surrounding areas of Ukhiya, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results have been evaluated for potential liquefaction assessment. The soils are mainly composed of very loose to loose sands with some silts and clays. Geotechnical properties of these very loose sandy soils are very much consistent with the criteria of liquefiable soil. It is established from the grain size analysis results;the soil of the study area is mainly sand dominated (SP) with some silty clay (SC) which consists of 93.68% to 99.48% sand, 0.06% to 4.71% gravel and 0% to 6.26% silt and clay. Some Clayey Sand (SC) is also present. The silty clay can be characterized as medium (CI) to high plasticity (CH) inorganic clay soil. LPI values have been calculated to identify risk zones and to prepare risk maps of the investigated area. Based on these obtained LPI values, four (4) susceptible liquefaction risk zones are identified as low, medium, high and very high. The established “Risk Maps” can be used for future geological engineering works as well as for sustainable planning, design and construction purposes relating to adaptation and mitigation of seismic hazards in the investigated area.
文摘Power saving is one of the key factors of emerging 4G mobile network as well as in IEEE 802.16e wireless metropolitan area networks (Wireless MAN). An efficient power saving mechanism is the heart for the guarantee of a long operating lifetime for a mobile subscriber station (MS), because MSs are normally driven by rechargeable batteries. It is a vital factor for Base Station (BS) of the same network. One of the most important features of 5G mobile is the extension of battery energy 10 times greater than the present days. In this context, the evaluation of duration of sleep mode of BS or MS based on traffic load of a network is now a new era of research work. In this paper, such analysis has been done based on two statistical models: Poisson’s pdf and Engset pdf. The concept of complete sharing and partitioning of user group of teletraffic engineering is applied to measure the possibility of getting leisure time of BS or MS. Both the traffic models used in the paper are applicable in both limited and unlimited user network, i.e. in micro and fem to cellular network of 4G and 5G.
文摘The present study was conducted to analyze the fresh and post-thaw semen quality and fertility from native bulls of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC), BLRI Cattle Breed 1 (BCB1), and Munshiganj Cattle of Bangladesh. One hundred and seventy-two ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina set and semen analysis was performed using Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA) at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. Commercial extender (AndroMed) was used to dilute the fresh semen. After equilibration (4°C for 4 hr), freezing was done using a programmable bio-freezer. Post-thawed semen was evaluated for sperm motility and kinematics. Cryopreserved semen straws were used for artificial insemination (AI) and determined the bull fertility based on 60 days non-return rate. Motility of the sperm differs significantly (p < 0.01) among the genotypes. Total motility was higher in Munshiganj bulls and static motility was higher in BCB1 bulls. However, the semen volume and sperm concentration did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) among the bulls but the highest concentration was found in Munshiganj bull (1669.60 ± 192.07 million/ml) followed by RCC (1648.70 ± 91.07 million/ml) and BCB1 bull (1481.60 ± 167.35 million/ml). Moreover, the highest bent tail (5.89 ± 0.75%), coiled tail (1.01% ± 0.22%) and distal mid-piece reflex (2.26% ± 0.28%) were observed in BCB1 followed by Munshiganj and RCC. Amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) was recorded higher in post-thaw than in fresh semen. Kinematics parameters of post-thaw semen decreased than fresh semen irrespective of genotypes. More number of doses/ejaculates can be produced from Munshiganj bull (394.34 ± 127.95) followed by RCC (349.01 ± 120.91) and BCB 1 bulls (331 ± 98.99). Fertility rate does not differ among the bulls (p > 0.05) but the highest value was found for RCC (62.06% ± 1.94%) bulls. Therefore, it can be concise that, the quality of Red Chittagong Cattle semen is better than BCB 1 and Munshigang bull.
文摘Wilt complex disease of eggplant is a severe problem in Bangladesh as well as in the world. The pathogenic variability and their survival nature make the disease complex. The pathogen includes a fungus (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium oxysporum), </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bacterium (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ralstonia solanacearum)</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a nematode (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Meloidogyne </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spp.) that attack the plant individually or combinedly. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the integrated effects of different chemicals, poultry manure and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ichoderma harzianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to manage the disease. Carbendazim (Autos</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tin 50WP), Streptomycin sulphate 9% and Tetracycline hydrochloride 1% (Krosin 10SP) and Carbofuran (Furadan 3G) were used as a fungicide, bactericide and nematicide, respectively which were integrated with poultry manure and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">resulting in sixteen treatments</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The treatment efficacy varied significantly in comparison to control in respect of wilt incidence, yield and yield contributing characters. No wilt incidence was observed where </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was applied individually or in combination with Furadan 3G, Krosin 10SP, Autostin 50WP and poultry manure. The highest yield increase (300%) over control was noted in the treatment where Krosin 10SP, Furadan 3G, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></
文摘Due to some intrinsic functional behavior of alginate, many potential applications in the healthcare industry especially in wound care sector are observed. Many researches have been carried out to develop potential biomedical biocompatible products in different forms from alginate fibres. Alginate nanofibres were prepared from sodium alginate polymer with the presence of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a small amount of Triton ×100 surfactant. A homogeneous spinning solution was prepared for producing Na-alginate/PEO nanofibers in electrospinning device. Nanofibres were produced by electrospinning from 70:30 and 80:20 Na-alginate/PEO of 4% solution. After a series of trials, the electrospinning parameters were optimized at 16 cm working distance, 0.4 mL/h flow rate and 10.5 kV applied voltage. The results show that the 4 wt% of 70:30 Na-alginate/PEO solution with 0.5 wt% Triton × 100 surfactant yielded smooth and stable electrospinning. The surface morphology of the fibres was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and found the uniform fibres with an average diameter of 124 nm containing few thick or spindle-like fibres. FTIR investigation identified the chemical structure and molecular changes that occurred in the fibers.
文摘The present study was aimed to validate an analytical method for the quantification of 19 organochlorine and 2 synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in water samples using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (ECD). The selected pesticide residues were determined by in-house validated method. The analytical method was validated by evaluating the accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The average recoveries of the selected pesticides ranged from 78% to 117% with RSDr ≤ 12% in two fortification levels of 0.02 and 0.1 mg/L. The linearity was ≥0.995 for all of the selected pesticides. The LOD ranged from 0.003 to 0.006 mg/L and the LOQ was 0.02 mg/L for all the selected analytes. This method was applied satisfactorily for the residue analysis of 108 water samples collected from nine districts of Bangladesh. Among the analyzed samples, only 4 had cypermethrin residues (0.026 mg/L, 0.034 mg/L, 0.045 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L). The level of detected cypermethrin residues were above the WHO recommended guide line values of water quality.
文摘Bangladesh is a south Asian Monsoonal Country and the recent precipitation pattern in the Cox’s Bazar area of Bangladesh is changing and increasing the number of monsoonal slope failures and landslide hazards in the Kutubpalong & Balukhali Rohingya camp area. An attempt has been made to see the influence of seasonal variation of ground water level (G.W.L.) fluctuations on the stability of the eco hills and forests of Ukhiya Teknaf region. Ukhiya hills are in great danger because of cutting trees from the hill slopes and it is well established that due to recent change of climate, short term rainfall for few consecutive days during monsoon might show an influence on the factor of safety (Fs) values of the camp hill slopes. A clear G.W.L. variation between dry and wet seasons has an influence on the stability (Fs) values indicating that climate has a strong influence on the stability and threatening sustainable development. A stable or marginally stable slope might be unstable during raining and show a variation of ground water level (G.W.L.). The generation of pore water pressure (P.W.P.) is also influenced by seasonal variation of ground water level. During wet season negative P.W.P. called suction plays an important role to occur slope failures in the Ukhiya hills. Based on all calculated factor of safety values (Fs) at different locations, four (4) susceptible landslide risk zones are identified. They are very high risk (Fs = 0.18 to 0.46), high risk (Fs = 0.56 to 0.75), medium risk (Fs = 0.76 to 1.0) and marginally stable areas (Fs ≈ 1). Proper geo-engineering measures must be taken by the concerned authorizes to reduce P.W.P. during monsoon by installing rain water harvesting system, allowing sufficient drainage & other geotechnical measures to reduce the risk of slope failures in the Ukhiya hills. Based on the stability factor (Fs) at different slope locations of the camp hills, a risk map of the investigated area has been produced for the local community for their safety and to build up awareness & to m
