The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese Bombyx mandarina(ChBm) was determined.The cir-cular genome is 15682 bp long, and contains a typical gene complement, order, and arrangement iden-tical to that of Bombyx mor...The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese Bombyx mandarina(ChBm) was determined.The cir-cular genome is 15682 bp long, and contains a typical gene complement, order, and arrangement iden-tical to that of Bombyx mori(B.mori) and Japanese Bombyx mandarina(JaBm) except for two addi-tional tRNA-like structures:tRNASer(TGA)-like and tRNAIle(TAT)-like.All protein-coding sequences are initi-ated with a typical ATN codon except for the COI gene, which has a 4-bp TTAG putative initiator codon.Eleven of 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs) have a complete termination codon(all TAA), but the re-maining two genes terminate with incomplete codons.All tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf structures of mitochondrial tRNAs, with the exception of tRNASer(TGA)-like, with a four stem-and-loop structure.The length of the A+T-rich region of ChBm is 484 bp, shorter than those of JaBm(747 bp) and B.mori(494―499 bp).Phylogenetic analysis among B.mori, ChBm, JaBm, and Antheraea pernyi(Anpe) showed that B.mori is more closely related to ChBm than JaBm.The earliest divergence time estimate for B.mori-ChBm and B.mori-JaBm is about 1.08±0.18―1.41±0.24 and 1.53±0.20―2.01±0.26 Mya, respec-tively.ChBm and JaBm diverged around 1.11±0.16―1.45±0.21 Mya.展开更多
The thermally activated persulfate （PS） degradation of carbon tetrachloride （CT） in the presence of formic acid （FA） was investigated. The results indicated that CT degradation followed a zero order kinetic mode...The thermally activated persulfate （PS） degradation of carbon tetrachloride （CT） in the presence of formic acid （FA） was investigated. The results indicated that CT degradation followed a zero order kinetic model, and CO2^- was responsible for the degradation of CT confirmed by radical scavenger tests. CT degradation rate increased with increasing PS or FA dosage, and the initial CT had no effect on CT degradation rate. However, the initial solution pH had effect on the degradation of CT, and the best CT degradation occurred at initial pH 6. Cl^- had a negative effect on CT degradation, and high concentration of Cl^- displayed much strong inhibition. Ten mmol·L^-1HCO3^- promoted CT degradation, while 100mmol·L^-1NO3^- inhibited the degradation of CT, but SO4^2- promoted CT degradation in the presence of FA. The measured Cl^- concentration released into solution along with CT degradation was 75.8% of the total theoretical dechlorination yield, but no chlorinated intermediates were detected. The split of C-Cl was proposed as the possible reaction pathways in CT degradation. In conclusion, this study strongly demonstrated that the thermally activated PS system in the presence of FA is a promising technique in in situ chemical oxidation （ISCO） remediation for CT contaminated site.展开更多
Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that adversely affects plant growth and crop productivity. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and essential for plant salt tolerance. In this study...Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that adversely affects plant growth and crop productivity. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and essential for plant salt tolerance. In this study, we reveal how the maize shaggy/glycogen synthase kinase 3-like kinases ZmSK3 and ZmSK4, orthologs of brassinosteroid insensitive 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, regulate the maize SOS pathway. ZmSK3 and ZmSK4 interact with and phosphorylate ZmSOS2, a core member of the maize SOS pathway. The mutants defective in ZmSK3 or ZmSK4 are hyposensitive to salt stress, with higher salt-induced activity of ZmSOS2 than that in the wild type. Furthermore, the Ca^(2+) sensors ZmSOS3 and ZmSOS3-like calcium binding protein 8 (ZmSCaBP8) activate ZmSOS2 to maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis under salt stress and may participate in the regulation of ZmSOS2 by ZmSK3 and ZmSK4. These findings discover the regulation of the maize SOS pathway and provide important gene targets for breeding salt-tolerant maize.展开更多
Considerable efforts have been devoted to treating gastric ulcers.Attempts in this field tend to develop drug delivery systems with prolonged gastric retention time.Herein,we develop novel Chinese herb pollen-derived ...Considerable efforts have been devoted to treating gastric ulcers.Attempts in this field tend to develop drug delivery systems with prolonged gastric retention time.Herein,we develop novel Chinese herb pollen-derived micromotors as active oral drug delivery system for treating gastric ulcer.Such Chinese herb pollen-derived micromotors are simply produced by asymmetrically sputtering Mg layer onto one side of pollen grains.When exposed to gastric juice,the Mg layer can react with the hydrogen ions,resulting in intensive generation of hydrogen bubbles to propel the micromotors.Benefiting from the autonomous motion and unique spiny structure,our micromotors can move actively in the stomach and adhere to the surrounding tissues.Besides,their special architecture endows the micromotors with salient capacity of drug loading and releasing.Based on these features,we have demonstrated that our Chinese herb pollen-derived micromotors could effective deliver berberine hydrochloride and show desirable curative effect on the gastric ulcer model of mice.Therefore,these Chinese herb pollen-derived micromotors are anticipated to serve as promising oral drug delivery carriers for clinical applications.展开更多
As a new kind of microcarrier device,microneedles are featured by micrometer needle arrays with an overall size in the centimeter scale.Due to the needle shape and the micron size,microneedles can penetrate the skin w...As a new kind of microcarrier device,microneedles are featured by micrometer needle arrays with an overall size in the centimeter scale.Due to the needle shape and the micron size,microneedles can penetrate the skin without harming nerves and blood vessels,which causes many advantages such as minimally invasive,safe and convenient.The past few decades have witnessed a great leap in microneedles research.The main materials of microneedles have changed from metal and ceramic to polymers with more complex functions,and the optimiza-tion of materials and preparation strategies has led to a greater variety of microneedle styles.Among them,the construction or combination of smaller size structures or materials on microneedles to fabricate hierarchical mi-croneedles is a major research hotspot.Here,we present the recent research progress of hierarchical microneedles for biomedicine.We begin by discussing the fabrication strategies of hierarchical microneedles,including main-stream casting and coating methods based on microneedle molds and three dimensions(3D)printing methods.We then expand the discussion from the hierarchical microneedles with porous structure to those composited with nanomaterials.Eventually,we have a discussion about the research progress of hierarchical microneedles in the area of biomarkers detection and transdermal drug delivery,as well as its future development direction.展开更多
As extensively distributed tissues throughout the human body,glands play a critical role in various physiological processes.Therefore,the construction of biomimetic gland models in vitro has aroused great interest in ...As extensively distributed tissues throughout the human body,glands play a critical role in various physiological processes.Therefore,the construction of biomimetic gland models in vitro has aroused great interest in multiple disciplines.In the biological field,the researchers focus on optimizing the cell sources and culture techniques to reconstruct the specific structures and functions of glands,such as the emergence of organoid technology.From the perspective of biomedical engineering,the generation of biomimetic gland models depends on the combination of engineered scaffolds and microfluidics,to mimic the in vivo environment of glandular tissues.These engineered stratagems endowed gland models with more biomimetic features,as well as a wide range of application prospects.In this review,we first describe the biomimetic strategies for constructing different in vitro gland models,focusing on the role of microfluidics in promoting the structure and function development of biomimetic glands.After summarizing several common in vitro models of endocrine and exocrine glands,the applications of gland models in disease modelling,drug screening,regenerative medicine,and personalized medicine are enumerated.Finally,we conclude the current challenges and our perspective of these biomimetic gland models.展开更多
Cyclin B is an important regulator of the cell cycle G2 to M phase transition. The silkworm genomic database shows that there are two Cyclin B genes in the silkworm (Bombyx mori), BmCyclin B and BmCyclin B3. Using sil...Cyclin B is an important regulator of the cell cycle G2 to M phase transition. The silkworm genomic database shows that there are two Cyclin B genes in the silkworm (Bombyx mori), BmCyclin B and BmCyclin B3. Using silkworm EST data, the cyclin B3 (EU074796) gene was cloned. Its complete cDNA was 1665 bp with an ORF of 1536 bp derived from seven exons and six introns. The BmCyclin B3 gene encodes 511 amino acids, and the predicted molecular weight is 57.8 kD with an isoelectric point of 9.18. The protein contains one protein damage box and two cyclin boxes. RNA interference-mediated reduction of BmCyclin B and BmCyclin B3 expression induced cell cycle arrest in G2 or M phase in BmN-SWU1 cells, thus inhibiting cell proliferation. These results suggest that BmCyclin B and BmCyclin B3 are necessary for completing the cell cycle in silkworm cells.展开更多
Periodontal lesions are common and frustrating diseases that impact life quality.Efforts in this aspect aim at developing local drug delivery systems with better efficacy and less toxicity.Herein,inspired by the sting...Periodontal lesions are common and frustrating diseases that impact life quality.Efforts in this aspect aim at developing local drug delivery systems with better efficacy and less toxicity.Herein,inspired by the sting separation behavior of bees,we conduct novel reactive oxygen species(ROS)-responsive detachable microneedles(MNs)that carry antibiotic metronidazole(Met)for controllable periodontal drug delivery and periodontitis treatment.Benefiting from the needle-base separation ability,such MNs can penetrate through the healthy gingival to reach the gingival sulcus's bottom while offering minimal impact to oral function.Besides,as the drug-encapsulated cores were protected by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)shells in MNs,the surrounding normal gingival tissue is not affected by Met,resulting in excellent local biosafety.Additionally,with the ROS-responsive PLGA-thioketal-polyethylene glycol MN tips,they can be unlocked to release Met directly around the pathogen under the high ROS in the periodontitis sulcus,bringing about improved therapeutic effects.Based on these characteristics,the proposed bioinspired MNs show good therapeutic results in treating a rat model with periodontitis,implying their potential in periodontal disease.展开更多
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005cb121000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30771630)
文摘The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese Bombyx mandarina(ChBm) was determined.The cir-cular genome is 15682 bp long, and contains a typical gene complement, order, and arrangement iden-tical to that of Bombyx mori(B.mori) and Japanese Bombyx mandarina(JaBm) except for two addi-tional tRNA-like structures:tRNASer(TGA)-like and tRNAIle(TAT)-like.All protein-coding sequences are initi-ated with a typical ATN codon except for the COI gene, which has a 4-bp TTAG putative initiator codon.Eleven of 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs) have a complete termination codon(all TAA), but the re-maining two genes terminate with incomplete codons.All tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf structures of mitochondrial tRNAs, with the exception of tRNASer(TGA)-like, with a four stem-and-loop structure.The length of the A+T-rich region of ChBm is 484 bp, shorter than those of JaBm(747 bp) and B.mori(494―499 bp).Phylogenetic analysis among B.mori, ChBm, JaBm, and Antheraea pernyi(Anpe) showed that B.mori is more closely related to ChBm than JaBm.The earliest divergence time estimate for B.mori-ChBm and B.mori-JaBm is about 1.08±0.18―1.41±0.24 and 1.53±0.20―2.01±0.26 Mya, respec-tively.ChBm and JaBm diverged around 1.11±0.16―1.45±0.21 Mya.
基金This study was financially supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 41373094 and 51208199）.
文摘The thermally activated persulfate （PS） degradation of carbon tetrachloride （CT） in the presence of formic acid （FA） was investigated. The results indicated that CT degradation followed a zero order kinetic model, and CO2^- was responsible for the degradation of CT confirmed by radical scavenger tests. CT degradation rate increased with increasing PS or FA dosage, and the initial CT had no effect on CT degradation rate. However, the initial solution pH had effect on the degradation of CT, and the best CT degradation occurred at initial pH 6. Cl^- had a negative effect on CT degradation, and high concentration of Cl^- displayed much strong inhibition. Ten mmol·L^-1HCO3^- promoted CT degradation, while 100mmol·L^-1NO3^- inhibited the degradation of CT, but SO4^2- promoted CT degradation in the presence of FA. The measured Cl^- concentration released into solution along with CT degradation was 75.8% of the total theoretical dechlorination yield, but no chlorinated intermediates were detected. The split of C-Cl was proposed as the possible reaction pathways in CT degradation. In conclusion, this study strongly demonstrated that the thermally activated PS system in the presence of FA is a promising technique in in situ chemical oxidation （ISCO） remediation for CT contaminated site.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1001601 and 2022YFA1303400)supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100234 and 31921001).
文摘Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that adversely affects plant growth and crop productivity. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and essential for plant salt tolerance. In this study, we reveal how the maize shaggy/glycogen synthase kinase 3-like kinases ZmSK3 and ZmSK4, orthologs of brassinosteroid insensitive 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, regulate the maize SOS pathway. ZmSK3 and ZmSK4 interact with and phosphorylate ZmSOS2, a core member of the maize SOS pathway. The mutants defective in ZmSK3 or ZmSK4 are hyposensitive to salt stress, with higher salt-induced activity of ZmSOS2 than that in the wild type. Furthermore, the Ca^(2+) sensors ZmSOS3 and ZmSOS3-like calcium binding protein 8 (ZmSCaBP8) activate ZmSOS2 to maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis under salt stress and may participate in the regulation of ZmSOS2 by ZmSK3 and ZmSK4. These findings discover the regulation of the maize SOS pathway and provide important gene targets for breeding salt-tolerant maize.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1105300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225003,52073060 and 61927805)+3 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX21019)the Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(2022-LCYJ-ZD-01)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813152616459 and JCYJ20210324133214038).
文摘Considerable efforts have been devoted to treating gastric ulcers.Attempts in this field tend to develop drug delivery systems with prolonged gastric retention time.Herein,we develop novel Chinese herb pollen-derived micromotors as active oral drug delivery system for treating gastric ulcer.Such Chinese herb pollen-derived micromotors are simply produced by asymmetrically sputtering Mg layer onto one side of pollen grains.When exposed to gastric juice,the Mg layer can react with the hydrogen ions,resulting in intensive generation of hydrogen bubbles to propel the micromotors.Benefiting from the autonomous motion and unique spiny structure,our micromotors can move actively in the stomach and adhere to the surrounding tissues.Besides,their special architecture endows the micromotors with salient capacity of drug loading and releasing.Based on these features,we have demonstrated that our Chinese herb pollen-derived micromotors could effective deliver berberine hydrochloride and show desirable curative effect on the gastric ulcer model of mice.Therefore,these Chinese herb pollen-derived micromotors are anticipated to serve as promising oral drug delivery carriers for clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and De-velopment Program of China (2022YFB4700100)the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China (T2225003,52073060 and 61927805)+2 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation (ZKX21019)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Pro-gram (JCYJ20190813152616459 and JCYJ20210324133214038).
文摘As a new kind of microcarrier device,microneedles are featured by micrometer needle arrays with an overall size in the centimeter scale.Due to the needle shape and the micron size,microneedles can penetrate the skin without harming nerves and blood vessels,which causes many advantages such as minimally invasive,safe and convenient.The past few decades have witnessed a great leap in microneedles research.The main materials of microneedles have changed from metal and ceramic to polymers with more complex functions,and the optimiza-tion of materials and preparation strategies has led to a greater variety of microneedle styles.Among them,the construction or combination of smaller size structures or materials on microneedles to fabricate hierarchical mi-croneedles is a major research hotspot.Here,we present the recent research progress of hierarchical microneedles for biomedicine.We begin by discussing the fabrication strategies of hierarchical microneedles,including main-stream casting and coating methods based on microneedle molds and three dimensions(3D)printing methods.We then expand the discussion from the hierarchical microneedles with porous structure to those composited with nanomaterials.Eventually,we have a discussion about the research progress of hierarchical microneedles in the area of biomarkers detection and transdermal drug delivery,as well as its future development direction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225003,52073060,and 61927805)+3 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX21019)the Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(2022-LCYJ-ZD-01)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813152616459 and JCYJ20210324133214038).
文摘As extensively distributed tissues throughout the human body,glands play a critical role in various physiological processes.Therefore,the construction of biomimetic gland models in vitro has aroused great interest in multiple disciplines.In the biological field,the researchers focus on optimizing the cell sources and culture techniques to reconstruct the specific structures and functions of glands,such as the emergence of organoid technology.From the perspective of biomedical engineering,the generation of biomimetic gland models depends on the combination of engineered scaffolds and microfluidics,to mimic the in vivo environment of glandular tissues.These engineered stratagems endowed gland models with more biomimetic features,as well as a wide range of application prospects.In this review,we first describe the biomimetic strategies for constructing different in vitro gland models,focusing on the role of microfluidics in promoting the structure and function development of biomimetic glands.After summarizing several common in vitro models of endocrine and exocrine glands,the applications of gland models in disease modelling,drug screening,regenerative medicine,and personalized medicine are enumerated.Finally,we conclude the current challenges and our perspective of these biomimetic gland models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272505, 31172269)
文摘Cyclin B is an important regulator of the cell cycle G2 to M phase transition. The silkworm genomic database shows that there are two Cyclin B genes in the silkworm (Bombyx mori), BmCyclin B and BmCyclin B3. Using silkworm EST data, the cyclin B3 (EU074796) gene was cloned. Its complete cDNA was 1665 bp with an ORF of 1536 bp derived from seven exons and six introns. The BmCyclin B3 gene encodes 511 amino acids, and the predicted molecular weight is 57.8 kD with an isoelectric point of 9.18. The protein contains one protein damage box and two cyclin boxes. RNA interference-mediated reduction of BmCyclin B and BmCyclin B3 expression induced cell cycle arrest in G2 or M phase in BmN-SWU1 cells, thus inhibiting cell proliferation. These results suggest that BmCyclin B and BmCyclin B3 are necessary for completing the cell cycle in silkworm cells.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073060 and 61927805)+4 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX21019)the Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(2022-LCYJ-ZD-01)the Project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021-TQ0145)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB690),the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813152616459 and JCYJ20210324133214038)。
文摘Periodontal lesions are common and frustrating diseases that impact life quality.Efforts in this aspect aim at developing local drug delivery systems with better efficacy and less toxicity.Herein,inspired by the sting separation behavior of bees,we conduct novel reactive oxygen species(ROS)-responsive detachable microneedles(MNs)that carry antibiotic metronidazole(Met)for controllable periodontal drug delivery and periodontitis treatment.Benefiting from the needle-base separation ability,such MNs can penetrate through the healthy gingival to reach the gingival sulcus's bottom while offering minimal impact to oral function.Besides,as the drug-encapsulated cores were protected by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)shells in MNs,the surrounding normal gingival tissue is not affected by Met,resulting in excellent local biosafety.Additionally,with the ROS-responsive PLGA-thioketal-polyethylene glycol MN tips,they can be unlocked to release Met directly around the pathogen under the high ROS in the periodontitis sulcus,bringing about improved therapeutic effects.Based on these characteristics,the proposed bioinspired MNs show good therapeutic results in treating a rat model with periodontitis,implying their potential in periodontal disease.
