This study numerically investigates the nonlinear interaction of head-on solitary waves in a granular chain(a nonintegrable system)and compares the simulation results with the theoretical results in fluid(an integrabl...This study numerically investigates the nonlinear interaction of head-on solitary waves in a granular chain(a nonintegrable system)and compares the simulation results with the theoretical results in fluid(an integrable system).Three stages(the pre-in-phase traveling stage,the central-collision stage,and the post-in-phase traveling stage)are identified to describe the nonlinear interaction processes in the granular chain.The nonlinear scattering effect occurs in the central-collision stage,which decreases the amplitude of the incident solitary waves.Compared with the leading-time phase in the incident and separation collision processes,the lagging-time phase in the separation collision process is smaller.This asymmetrical nonlinear collision results in an occurrence of leading phase shifts of time and space in the post-in-phase traveling stage.We next find that the solitary wave amplitude does not influence the immediate space-phase shift in the granular chain.The space-phase shift of the post-in-phase traveling stage is only determined by the measurement position rather than the wave amplitude.The results are reversed in the fluid.An increase in solitary wave amplitude leads to decreased attachment,detachment,and residence times for granular chains and fluid.For the immediate time-phase shift,leading and lagging phenomena appear in the granular chain and the fluid,respectively.These results offer new knowledge for designing mechanical metamaterials and energy-mitigating systems.展开更多
2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)感染的肺炎,因2019年12月发生在武汉的不明原因病毒性肺炎病例而被发现,并于2020年1月12日被世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)命名。在之后的一个月时间内,2019-nCoV在...2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)感染的肺炎,因2019年12月发生在武汉的不明原因病毒性肺炎病例而被发现,并于2020年1月12日被世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)命名。在之后的一个月时间内,2019-nCoV在湖北省内外甚至其他国家传播造成了数以千计的病例出现,同时也引起了民众一定程度的恐慌。本指南的制订希望能够从疾病流行病学、病因学、诊断、治疗、护理、医院感染控制等方面给临床医生、社区居民等提供医疗护理及居家照护相关指导。展开更多
Background： Prospective real-life data on the safety and effectiveness of rituximab in Chinese patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） or follicular lymphoma （FL） are limited. This real-world study ai...Background： Prospective real-life data on the safety and effectiveness of rituximab in Chinese patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） or follicular lymphoma （FL） are limited. This real-world study aimed to evaluate long-term safety and effectiveness outcomes ofrituximab plus chemotherapy （R-chemo） as first-line treatment in Chinese patients with DLBCL or FL. Hepatitis B virus （HBV） reactivation management was also investigated. Methods： A prospective, multicenter, single-arm, noninterventional study of previously untreated CD20-positive DLBCL or FL patients receiving first-line R-chemo treatment at 24 centers in China was conducted between January 17, 2011 and October 31, 2016. Enrolled patients underwent safety and effectiveness assessments after the last rituximab dose and were followed up for 3 years. Effectiveness endpoints included progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS）. Safety endpoints were adverse events （AEs）, serious AEs, drug-related AEs, and AEs of special interest. We also reported data on the incidence of HBV reactivation. Results： In total, 283 previously untreated CD20-positive DLBCL and 31 FL patients from 24 centers were enrolled. Three-year PFS was 59% （95% confidence interval [CI]： 50-67%） for DLBCL patients and 46% （95% CI： 20-69%） for FL patients. For DLBCL patients, multivariate analyses showed that PFS was not associated with international prognostic index, tumor maximum diameter, HBV infection status, or number ofrituximab treatment cycles, and OS was only associated with age 〉60 years （P 〈 0.05）. R-chemo was well tolerated. The incidence of HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg）-positive and HBsAg-negative/hepatitis B core antibody-positive patients was 13% （3/24） and 4% （3/69）, respectively. Conclusions： R-chemo is effective and safe in real-world clinical practice as first-line treatment for DLBCL and FL in China, and that HBV reactivation during R-chemo is manageable wi展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11574153)the Foundation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China(Grant No.TSXK2022D007)。
文摘This study numerically investigates the nonlinear interaction of head-on solitary waves in a granular chain(a nonintegrable system)and compares the simulation results with the theoretical results in fluid(an integrable system).Three stages(the pre-in-phase traveling stage,the central-collision stage,and the post-in-phase traveling stage)are identified to describe the nonlinear interaction processes in the granular chain.The nonlinear scattering effect occurs in the central-collision stage,which decreases the amplitude of the incident solitary waves.Compared with the leading-time phase in the incident and separation collision processes,the lagging-time phase in the separation collision process is smaller.This asymmetrical nonlinear collision results in an occurrence of leading phase shifts of time and space in the post-in-phase traveling stage.We next find that the solitary wave amplitude does not influence the immediate space-phase shift in the granular chain.The space-phase shift of the post-in-phase traveling stage is only determined by the measurement position rather than the wave amplitude.The results are reversed in the fluid.An increase in solitary wave amplitude leads to decreased attachment,detachment,and residence times for granular chains and fluid.For the immediate time-phase shift,leading and lagging phenomena appear in the granular chain and the fluid,respectively.These results offer new knowledge for designing mechanical metamaterials and energy-mitigating systems.
文摘2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)感染的肺炎,因2019年12月发生在武汉的不明原因病毒性肺炎病例而被发现,并于2020年1月12日被世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)命名。在之后的一个月时间内,2019-nCoV在湖北省内外甚至其他国家传播造成了数以千计的病例出现,同时也引起了民众一定程度的恐慌。本指南的制订希望能够从疾病流行病学、病因学、诊断、治疗、护理、医院感染控制等方面给临床医生、社区居民等提供医疗护理及居家照护相关指导。
文摘纵隔子宫(septate uterus)是最常见的女性生殖器畸形,但是临床医生常常被有关其诊断和治疗的一些问题所困惑。比如:纵隔子宫诊断的金标准是什么?纵隔子宫的宫底外形可能是不正常的吗?纵隔子宫的手术指征(特别是很浅的纵隔是否需要手术)?经宫颈子宫纵隔切除术(transcervical resection of septum,TCRS)术中采用何种监护方式最好?切除子宫纵隔时采用针状电极还是环状电极?TCRS术中何时可以认为纵隔已经完全切除了?TCRS术中发现子宫左右侧壁明显凸向宫腔是否需要同时矫形?TCRS术后是否需要放置宫内节育器或者用雌激素促进子宫内膜生长?TCRS术后为什么容易出现阴道出血量较多的现象?等等。这些问题直接影响了临床医生的临床决策,也造成了妇科和生殖科医生的认识混乱。针对纵隔子宫诊断和治疗相关的临床问题进行解析,以期进一步指导临床实践。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0102200)the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2020MS05063)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Plan Project,China(No.2020GG0230)。
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81570186） and the Health and Family Planning Commission of Jiangsu Province （No. H201511）.
文摘Background： Prospective real-life data on the safety and effectiveness of rituximab in Chinese patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） or follicular lymphoma （FL） are limited. This real-world study aimed to evaluate long-term safety and effectiveness outcomes ofrituximab plus chemotherapy （R-chemo） as first-line treatment in Chinese patients with DLBCL or FL. Hepatitis B virus （HBV） reactivation management was also investigated. Methods： A prospective, multicenter, single-arm, noninterventional study of previously untreated CD20-positive DLBCL or FL patients receiving first-line R-chemo treatment at 24 centers in China was conducted between January 17, 2011 and October 31, 2016. Enrolled patients underwent safety and effectiveness assessments after the last rituximab dose and were followed up for 3 years. Effectiveness endpoints included progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS）. Safety endpoints were adverse events （AEs）, serious AEs, drug-related AEs, and AEs of special interest. We also reported data on the incidence of HBV reactivation. Results： In total, 283 previously untreated CD20-positive DLBCL and 31 FL patients from 24 centers were enrolled. Three-year PFS was 59% （95% confidence interval [CI]： 50-67%） for DLBCL patients and 46% （95% CI： 20-69%） for FL patients. For DLBCL patients, multivariate analyses showed that PFS was not associated with international prognostic index, tumor maximum diameter, HBV infection status, or number ofrituximab treatment cycles, and OS was only associated with age 〉60 years （P 〈 0.05）. R-chemo was well tolerated. The incidence of HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg）-positive and HBsAg-negative/hepatitis B core antibody-positive patients was 13% （3/24） and 4% （3/69）, respectively. Conclusions： R-chemo is effective and safe in real-world clinical practice as first-line treatment for DLBCL and FL in China, and that HBV reactivation during R-chemo is manageable wi
