Tomato is a widely consumed vegetable in Burkina Faso and throughout the world. However, when handled improperly, it can serve as a vector of pathogen transmission to human if ingested raw or through cross-contaminati...Tomato is a widely consumed vegetable in Burkina Faso and throughout the world. However, when handled improperly, it can serve as a vector of pathogen transmission to human if ingested raw or through cross-contamination with cooked food. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp from tomatoes sold in the markets of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and characteristics of vending conditions. One hundred and ninety-eight (198) different tomato samples were randomly purchased from one hundred and thirteen (113) different vendors in the markets of Ouagadougou. The samples were examined and classified into three categories according to their texture and the level of deterioration. The prevalence of Salmonella spp identification was determined using standard microbiological methods. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire on transport and vending conditions for tomatoes. In total, Salmonella prevalence was 19.19% in all tomato’s samples analyzed and was 18.18% for intact category, 22.73% in D2 category and 16.67% in category D4. The survey revealed poor transport and sales conditions for the majority of tomato sellers. The present study revealed the presence of Salmonella in tomatoes samples. These results highlight the risk associated with the consumption of tomatoes if hygienic practices are not respected during tomatoes handling and preparation. The results of the study also show the need to wash tomatoes systematically after purchase with a disinfectant, especially tomatoes sold in open markets in developing countries.展开更多
Introduction: The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Thies, Senegal. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospectiv...Introduction: The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Thies, Senegal. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentre, descriptive study from February 1<sup>st</sup>, to May 28<sup>th</sup>, 2019 carried out in the 3 hospitals of the city of Thies that focused on patients with AF documented by an ECG. Valvular and non-valvular AF classification was used and the CHA2DS2-VASc score was used to assess thromboembolic risk. Results: We collected 67 patients with a female predominance (M/F sex ratio of 0.71). The prevalence of AF was 1.7%. The average age of patients was 66.67 ± 13.48 years. Forty-eight patients (71.64%) had palpitations and 32 patients (47.76%) had heart failure. Hypertension was the most common etiological factor found in 41 patients (61.19%) followed by rheumatic valvular disease in 25 patients (37.31%). The non-valvular AF was found in 42 patients (62.69%) of which 34 (80.95%) had a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were prescribed in 47 patients (79.66%) and aspirin alone in 12 patients (20.34%). Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) were not prescribed in any patient. Seven patients (10.44%) had a medical regulator treatment and no electrical cardioversion was performed. Conclusion: AF was a frequent rhythm disorder. Hypertension and rheumatic mitral valve disease were the most frequently associated etiological factors. The diagnosis was often late in the heart failure stage. Anticoagulant treatment was insufficiently prescribed and based exclusively on VKAs.展开更多
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetics patients. Our work aimed to assess the level of control of type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Patie...Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetics patients. Our work aimed to assess the level of control of type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and study method: This was an observational cross-sectional study of type 2 diabetics patients. The parameters studied were: sociodemographic data, lifestyle, anthropometric data, levels of control of diabetes by the level of HbA1C, blood pressure measured at the office and cholesterol. Results: 326 type 2 diabetics patients were collected. The sex-ratio was 0.35. The average age of the patients was 58 ± 11 years. A physical inactivity remained present in 79 patients (24.23%), 2 patients (0.61%) continued to smoke. The prevalence of obesity was 21.16% (n = 69) or 25% of women and 10.4% of men (p = 0.01). Abdominal obesity was observed in 151 patients (46.31%), 139 of whom were female and 12 male (p = 0.001). Diabetes was sufficiently controlled in 65.34% of patients (n = 213) while cholesterolemia and hypertension were controlled in 33.44% and 8.33% of patients respectively. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes was frequently associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. Control of diabetes and these factors was insufficient. Therapeutic education of type 2 diabetics patients needed to be improved.展开更多
Purpose: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and management characteristics of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Thies, Senegal. Methods: This was a prospective study that included consecutively from Octobe...Purpose: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and management characteristics of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Thies, Senegal. Methods: This was a prospective study that included consecutively from October 1<sup>st</sup>, 2018 to March 03<sup>rd</sup>, 2019, patients aged 18 years or older admitted for an ACS at the DIABCARMET department of the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital in Thies. Results: Of the 516 patients admitted, 29 had ACS, the prevalence was 5.62%. The average age of the patients was 64.2 ± 11.6 years. Nineteen patients (65.5%) were male and 10 (34.5%) were female, the sex ratio was 1.91. The number of direct admissions was 18 (62%) versus 11 patients (38%) referred. The mode of transport was a private vehicle in 19 patients (65.5%), an ambulance in 7 patients (24.1%) and public transport in 3 patients (10.3%). STEMI (ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) was the most common presentation observed in 19 patients (65.5%). Fifteen patients (51.7%) were admitted before the 12<sup>th</sup> hour. Of the 19 patients with STEMI, 11 (57.9%) had arrived in hospital before the 12<sup>th</sup> hour and 10 patients had streptokinase thrombolysis. No patients received primary PCI. Ten patients (34.5%) had heart failure and five patients (17.2%) died during hospitalization. Conclusion: Delayed consultation and high mortality characterize ACS in Thies. Prevention must be the rule.展开更多
文摘Tomato is a widely consumed vegetable in Burkina Faso and throughout the world. However, when handled improperly, it can serve as a vector of pathogen transmission to human if ingested raw or through cross-contamination with cooked food. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp from tomatoes sold in the markets of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and characteristics of vending conditions. One hundred and ninety-eight (198) different tomato samples were randomly purchased from one hundred and thirteen (113) different vendors in the markets of Ouagadougou. The samples were examined and classified into three categories according to their texture and the level of deterioration. The prevalence of Salmonella spp identification was determined using standard microbiological methods. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire on transport and vending conditions for tomatoes. In total, Salmonella prevalence was 19.19% in all tomato’s samples analyzed and was 18.18% for intact category, 22.73% in D2 category and 16.67% in category D4. The survey revealed poor transport and sales conditions for the majority of tomato sellers. The present study revealed the presence of Salmonella in tomatoes samples. These results highlight the risk associated with the consumption of tomatoes if hygienic practices are not respected during tomatoes handling and preparation. The results of the study also show the need to wash tomatoes systematically after purchase with a disinfectant, especially tomatoes sold in open markets in developing countries.
文摘Introduction: The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Thies, Senegal. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentre, descriptive study from February 1<sup>st</sup>, to May 28<sup>th</sup>, 2019 carried out in the 3 hospitals of the city of Thies that focused on patients with AF documented by an ECG. Valvular and non-valvular AF classification was used and the CHA2DS2-VASc score was used to assess thromboembolic risk. Results: We collected 67 patients with a female predominance (M/F sex ratio of 0.71). The prevalence of AF was 1.7%. The average age of patients was 66.67 ± 13.48 years. Forty-eight patients (71.64%) had palpitations and 32 patients (47.76%) had heart failure. Hypertension was the most common etiological factor found in 41 patients (61.19%) followed by rheumatic valvular disease in 25 patients (37.31%). The non-valvular AF was found in 42 patients (62.69%) of which 34 (80.95%) had a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were prescribed in 47 patients (79.66%) and aspirin alone in 12 patients (20.34%). Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) were not prescribed in any patient. Seven patients (10.44%) had a medical regulator treatment and no electrical cardioversion was performed. Conclusion: AF was a frequent rhythm disorder. Hypertension and rheumatic mitral valve disease were the most frequently associated etiological factors. The diagnosis was often late in the heart failure stage. Anticoagulant treatment was insufficiently prescribed and based exclusively on VKAs.
文摘Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetics patients. Our work aimed to assess the level of control of type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and study method: This was an observational cross-sectional study of type 2 diabetics patients. The parameters studied were: sociodemographic data, lifestyle, anthropometric data, levels of control of diabetes by the level of HbA1C, blood pressure measured at the office and cholesterol. Results: 326 type 2 diabetics patients were collected. The sex-ratio was 0.35. The average age of the patients was 58 ± 11 years. A physical inactivity remained present in 79 patients (24.23%), 2 patients (0.61%) continued to smoke. The prevalence of obesity was 21.16% (n = 69) or 25% of women and 10.4% of men (p = 0.01). Abdominal obesity was observed in 151 patients (46.31%), 139 of whom were female and 12 male (p = 0.001). Diabetes was sufficiently controlled in 65.34% of patients (n = 213) while cholesterolemia and hypertension were controlled in 33.44% and 8.33% of patients respectively. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes was frequently associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. Control of diabetes and these factors was insufficient. Therapeutic education of type 2 diabetics patients needed to be improved.
文摘Purpose: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and management characteristics of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Thies, Senegal. Methods: This was a prospective study that included consecutively from October 1<sup>st</sup>, 2018 to March 03<sup>rd</sup>, 2019, patients aged 18 years or older admitted for an ACS at the DIABCARMET department of the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital in Thies. Results: Of the 516 patients admitted, 29 had ACS, the prevalence was 5.62%. The average age of the patients was 64.2 ± 11.6 years. Nineteen patients (65.5%) were male and 10 (34.5%) were female, the sex ratio was 1.91. The number of direct admissions was 18 (62%) versus 11 patients (38%) referred. The mode of transport was a private vehicle in 19 patients (65.5%), an ambulance in 7 patients (24.1%) and public transport in 3 patients (10.3%). STEMI (ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) was the most common presentation observed in 19 patients (65.5%). Fifteen patients (51.7%) were admitted before the 12<sup>th</sup> hour. Of the 19 patients with STEMI, 11 (57.9%) had arrived in hospital before the 12<sup>th</sup> hour and 10 patients had streptokinase thrombolysis. No patients received primary PCI. Ten patients (34.5%) had heart failure and five patients (17.2%) died during hospitalization. Conclusion: Delayed consultation and high mortality characterize ACS in Thies. Prevention must be the rule.
