目的了解天津市2019年散发急性胃肠炎患儿中诺如病毒(Norovirus,NoV)感染的分子流行病学特征。方法收集2019年1—12月就诊于天津市儿童医院住院散发急性胃肠炎患儿的粪便标本3116份,收集患儿临床资料和个人信息,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法...目的了解天津市2019年散发急性胃肠炎患儿中诺如病毒(Norovirus,NoV)感染的分子流行病学特征。方法收集2019年1—12月就诊于天津市儿童医院住院散发急性胃肠炎患儿的粪便标本3116份,收集患儿临床资料和个人信息,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法对NoV进行初筛,应用反转录PCR方法对初筛阳性标本的聚合酶区和衣壳蛋白区进行扩增,并对序列进行比对和系统进化分析。结果3116份粪便标本中检出NoV阳性809份,阳性率为26.0%(809/3116)。不同年龄组NoV检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),其中7~12月龄组检出率最高(31.6%);不同季节间NoV检出率差异有统计学意义,其中冬季为高发季节(39.0%)。序列分析发现,286份阳性标本的两个区域均测序成功,分成6个基因型,分别是GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3,GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.2,GⅡ.P17-GⅡ.17,GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.2,GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.3和GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4。其中以GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4为主,占61.2%(175/286)。其次为GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3,占33.6%(96/286);GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.3占2.4%(7/286);GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.2占2.1%(6/286);GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.2和GⅡ.P17-GⅡ.17均占0.3%(1/286)。GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4中全部为GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012。携带GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012型NoV患儿较GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3更容易出现呕吐。结论NoV是儿童病毒性急性胃肠炎的重要病原体,GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012和GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3是2019年天津地区住院散发急性胃肠炎中NoV感染的主要流行株。展开更多
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive extracellular matrix deposition due to dysregulated wound and connective tissue repair response.Multiple organs can develop fibrosis,including the liver,kidney,heart,and lung...Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive extracellular matrix deposition due to dysregulated wound and connective tissue repair response.Multiple organs can develop fibrosis,including the liver,kidney,heart,and lung.Fibrosis such as liver cirrhosis,idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,and cystic fibrosis caused substantial disease burden.Persistent abnormal activation of myofibroblasts mediated by various signals,such as transforming growth factor,platelet-derived growth factor,and fibroblast growh factor,has been recongized as a major event in the occurrence and progression of fibrosis.Although the mechanisms driving organ-specific fibrosis have not been fully elucidated,drugs targeting these identified aberrant signals have achieved potent anti-fibrotic efficacy in clinical trials.In this review,we briefly introduce the aetiology and epidemiology of several fibrosis diseases,including liver fibrosis,kidney fibrosis,cardiac fibrosis,and pulmonary fibrosis.Then,we summarise the abnormal cells(epithelial cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,and fibroblasts)and their interactions in fibrosis.In addition,we also focus on the aberrant signaling pathways and therapeutic targets that regulate myofibroblast activation,extracellular matrix cross-linking,metabolism,and inflammation in fibrosis.Finally,we discuss the anti-fibrotic drugs based on their targets and clinical trials.This review provides reference for further research on fibrosis mechanism,drug development,and clinical trials.展开更多
Growth-regulating factors(GRFs)are important regulators of plant development and growth,but their possible roles in xylem development in woody plants remain unclear.Here,we report that Populus alba×Papulus glandu...Growth-regulating factors(GRFs)are important regulators of plant development and growth,but their possible roles in xylem development in woody plants remain unclear.Here,we report that Populus alba×Papulus glandulosa PagGRF12a negatively regulates xylem development in poplar.PagGRF12a is expressed in vascular tissues.Compared to non-transgenic control plants,transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PagGRF12a exhibited reduced xylem width and plants with repressed expression of PagGRF12a exhibited increased xylem width.Xylem NAC domain 1(XND1)encodes a NAC domain transcription factor that regulates xylem development and transcriptional analyses revealed that PagXND1a is highly upregulated in PagGRF12a-overexpressing plants and downregulated in PagGRF12a-suppressed plants,indicating that PagGRF12a may regulate xylem development through PagXND1a.Transient transcriptional assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed that PagGRF12a directly upregulates PagXND1a.In addition,PagGRF12a interacts with the GRF-Interacting Factor(GIF)PagGIF1b,and this interaction enhances the effects of PagGRF12a on PagXND1a.Our results indicate that PagGRF12a inhibits xylem development by upregulating the expression of PagXND1a.展开更多
Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering foll...Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death,seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests.To date,the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown.In this study,a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(SOC1)-like gene,BoMADS50,was identified from Bambusa oldhamii.BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B.oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early fl owering in transgenic rice.Moreover,BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL(AP1/FUL)-like proteins(BoMADS 14-1/2,BoMADS15-1/2)in vivo,and the expression of BoMADS50 was signi ficantly promoted by BoMADS14-1,further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B.oldhamii flowering.We also identi fi ed four additional transcripts of BoMADS50(BoMADS50-1/2/3/4)with different nucleotide variations.Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic,they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50.Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)-like gene BoSVP,but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription.Therefore,nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity.Thus,BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B.oldhamii.Moreover,the functional conservatism and speci ficity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B.oldhamii.展开更多
Brassinosteroids(BRs)are plant hormones that regulate wood formation in trees.Currently,little is known about the post-transcriptional regulation of BR synthesis.Here,we show that during wood formation,fine-tuning BR ...Brassinosteroids(BRs)are plant hormones that regulate wood formation in trees.Currently,little is known about the post-transcriptional regulation of BR synthesis.Here,we show that during wood formation,fine-tuning BR synthesis requires 3′UTR-dependent decay of Populus CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC DWARF 1(PdCPD1).Overexpression of PdCPD1 or its 3′UTR fragment resulted in a significant increase of BR levels and inhibited secondary growth.In contrast,transgenic poplars repressing PdCPD13′UTR expression displayed moderate levels of BR and promoted wood formation.We show that the Populus GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN1(PdGRP1)directly binds to a GU-rich element in 3′UTR of Pd CPD1,leading to its mRNA decay.We thus provide a post-transcriptional mechanism underlying BRs synthesis during wood formation,which may be useful for genetic manipulation of wood biomass in trees.展开更多
Human life intimately depends on plants for food,biomaterials,health,energy,and a sustainable environment.Various plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding,along with limited modification via genet...Human life intimately depends on plants for food,biomaterials,health,energy,and a sustainable environment.Various plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding,along with limited modification via genetic engineering,yet they are still not able to meet the ever-increasing needs,in terms of both quantity and quality,resulting from the rapid increase in world population and expected standards of living.A step change that may address these challenges would be to expand the potential of plants using biosystems design approaches.This represents a shift in plant science research from relatively simple trial-and-error approaches to innovative strategies based on predictive models of biological systems.Plant biosystems design seeks to accelerate plant genetic improvement using genome editing and genetic circuit engineering or create novel plant systems through de novo synthesis of plant genomes.From this perspective,we present a comprehensive roadmap of plant biosystems design covering theories,principles,and technical methods,along with potential applications in basic and applied plant biology research.We highlight current challenges,future opportunities,and research priorities,along with a framework for international collaboration,towards rapid advancement of this emerging interdisciplinary area of research.Finally,we discuss the importance of social responsibility in utilizing plant biosystems design and suggest strategies for improving public perception,trust,and acceptance.展开更多
文摘目的了解天津市2019年散发急性胃肠炎患儿中诺如病毒(Norovirus,NoV)感染的分子流行病学特征。方法收集2019年1—12月就诊于天津市儿童医院住院散发急性胃肠炎患儿的粪便标本3116份,收集患儿临床资料和个人信息,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法对NoV进行初筛,应用反转录PCR方法对初筛阳性标本的聚合酶区和衣壳蛋白区进行扩增,并对序列进行比对和系统进化分析。结果3116份粪便标本中检出NoV阳性809份,阳性率为26.0%(809/3116)。不同年龄组NoV检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),其中7~12月龄组检出率最高(31.6%);不同季节间NoV检出率差异有统计学意义,其中冬季为高发季节(39.0%)。序列分析发现,286份阳性标本的两个区域均测序成功,分成6个基因型,分别是GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3,GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.2,GⅡ.P17-GⅡ.17,GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.2,GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.3和GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4。其中以GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4为主,占61.2%(175/286)。其次为GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3,占33.6%(96/286);GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.3占2.4%(7/286);GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.2占2.1%(6/286);GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.2和GⅡ.P17-GⅡ.17均占0.3%(1/286)。GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4中全部为GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012。携带GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012型NoV患儿较GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3更容易出现呕吐。结论NoV是儿童病毒性急性胃肠炎的重要病原体,GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012和GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3是2019年天津地区住院散发急性胃肠炎中NoV感染的主要流行株。
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.81773375)the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project(No.2019ZX09201001)。
文摘Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive extracellular matrix deposition due to dysregulated wound and connective tissue repair response.Multiple organs can develop fibrosis,including the liver,kidney,heart,and lung.Fibrosis such as liver cirrhosis,idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,and cystic fibrosis caused substantial disease burden.Persistent abnormal activation of myofibroblasts mediated by various signals,such as transforming growth factor,platelet-derived growth factor,and fibroblast growh factor,has been recongized as a major event in the occurrence and progression of fibrosis.Although the mechanisms driving organ-specific fibrosis have not been fully elucidated,drugs targeting these identified aberrant signals have achieved potent anti-fibrotic efficacy in clinical trials.In this review,we briefly introduce the aetiology and epidemiology of several fibrosis diseases,including liver fibrosis,kidney fibrosis,cardiac fibrosis,and pulmonary fibrosis.Then,we summarise the abnormal cells(epithelial cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,and fibroblasts)and their interactions in fibrosis.In addition,we also focus on the aberrant signaling pathways and therapeutic targets that regulate myofibroblast activation,extracellular matrix cross-linking,metabolism,and inflammation in fibrosis.Finally,we discuss the anti-fibrotic drugs based on their targets and clinical trials.This review provides reference for further research on fibrosis mechanism,drug development,and clinical trials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(31570676)the National Key Programon Transgenic Research of China(2018ZX08020-002)+3 种基金the Basic Research Fund of Research Institute of Forest,ChineseAcademy of Forestry(RIF-2014-08)the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China(2016YFD0600103)the National Key Program on Transgenic Re-search of China(2018ZX08020-002)the Ten-thousandTalents Program of China for Meng-Zhu Lu.
文摘Growth-regulating factors(GRFs)are important regulators of plant development and growth,but their possible roles in xylem development in woody plants remain unclear.Here,we report that Populus alba×Papulus glandulosa PagGRF12a negatively regulates xylem development in poplar.PagGRF12a is expressed in vascular tissues.Compared to non-transgenic control plants,transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PagGRF12a exhibited reduced xylem width and plants with repressed expression of PagGRF12a exhibited increased xylem width.Xylem NAC domain 1(XND1)encodes a NAC domain transcription factor that regulates xylem development and transcriptional analyses revealed that PagXND1a is highly upregulated in PagGRF12a-overexpressing plants and downregulated in PagGRF12a-suppressed plants,indicating that PagGRF12a may regulate xylem development through PagXND1a.Transient transcriptional assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed that PagGRF12a directly upregulates PagXND1a.In addition,PagGRF12a interacts with the GRF-Interacting Factor(GIF)PagGIF1b,and this interaction enhances the effects of PagGRF12a on PagXND1a.Our results indicate that PagGRF12a inhibits xylem development by upregulating the expression of PagXND1a.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20C160002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971735)the State Key Lab oratory of Subtropical Silviculture(ZY20180203).
文摘Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death,seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests.To date,the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown.In this study,a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(SOC1)-like gene,BoMADS50,was identified from Bambusa oldhamii.BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B.oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early fl owering in transgenic rice.Moreover,BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL(AP1/FUL)-like proteins(BoMADS 14-1/2,BoMADS15-1/2)in vivo,and the expression of BoMADS50 was signi ficantly promoted by BoMADS14-1,further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B.oldhamii flowering.We also identi fi ed four additional transcripts of BoMADS50(BoMADS50-1/2/3/4)with different nucleotide variations.Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic,they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50.Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)-like gene BoSVP,but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription.Therefore,nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity.Thus,BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B.oldhamii.Moreover,the functional conservatism and speci ficity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B.oldhamii.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Key Scientific Research Project of China(2021YFD2200205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972955,32071725 and 31700526)+2 种基金the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2022LZGC018)Shandong Youth Innovation Team Plan(2022KJ168)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong(tsqn202103092)。
文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs)are plant hormones that regulate wood formation in trees.Currently,little is known about the post-transcriptional regulation of BR synthesis.Here,we show that during wood formation,fine-tuning BR synthesis requires 3′UTR-dependent decay of Populus CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC DWARF 1(PdCPD1).Overexpression of PdCPD1 or its 3′UTR fragment resulted in a significant increase of BR levels and inhibited secondary growth.In contrast,transgenic poplars repressing PdCPD13′UTR expression displayed moderate levels of BR and promoted wood formation.We show that the Populus GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN1(PdGRP1)directly binds to a GU-rich element in 3′UTR of Pd CPD1,leading to its mRNA decay.We thus provide a post-transcriptional mechanism underlying BRs synthesis during wood formation,which may be useful for genetic manipulation of wood biomass in trees.
基金The writing of this manuscript was supported by the Center for Bioenergy Innovation,a U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Biological and Environmental Research(BER)program,the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory,and the U.S.DOE BER Genomic Science Program,as part of the Secure Ecosystem Engineering and Design Scientific Focus Area and the Plant-Microbe Interfaces Scientific Focus AreaYY is supported by NSF Plant Genome Research Project Grant(1740874)and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations under Project PEN04659 and Accession#1016432.HY is supported by Nonprofit Research Projects(CAFYBB2018ZY001-1)of Chinese Academy of Forestry+3 种基金CTT acknowledges the financial support from the NSF CAREER award(NSF#1553250)and the DOE BER Genomic Science Program(DE-SC0019412)PMS acknowledges support from the Joint BioEnergy Institute which is supported by the U.S.DOE Office of Science,BER program under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US Department of EnergyDL acknowledges financial support through the National Science Foundation(NSF)under Award Number 1833402.AJM acknowledges financial support from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(grants BB/M006468/1 and BB/S015531/1)the Leverhulme Trust(grant RPG-2017-402).
文摘Human life intimately depends on plants for food,biomaterials,health,energy,and a sustainable environment.Various plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding,along with limited modification via genetic engineering,yet they are still not able to meet the ever-increasing needs,in terms of both quantity and quality,resulting from the rapid increase in world population and expected standards of living.A step change that may address these challenges would be to expand the potential of plants using biosystems design approaches.This represents a shift in plant science research from relatively simple trial-and-error approaches to innovative strategies based on predictive models of biological systems.Plant biosystems design seeks to accelerate plant genetic improvement using genome editing and genetic circuit engineering or create novel plant systems through de novo synthesis of plant genomes.From this perspective,we present a comprehensive roadmap of plant biosystems design covering theories,principles,and technical methods,along with potential applications in basic and applied plant biology research.We highlight current challenges,future opportunities,and research priorities,along with a framework for international collaboration,towards rapid advancement of this emerging interdisciplinary area of research.Finally,we discuss the importance of social responsibility in utilizing plant biosystems design and suggest strategies for improving public perception,trust,and acceptance.
