The understanding of Goss texture in Hi-B electrical steels possesses significant industrial and academic value, thus attracts worldwide attention. The prevailing models for sharp Goss texture formation during seconda...The understanding of Goss texture in Hi-B electrical steels possesses significant industrial and academic value, thus attracts worldwide attention. The prevailing models for sharp Goss texture formation during secondary recrystallization are CSL （coincident site lattice） boundary theory and HE （high energy） boundary theory. These theories stress the key factor of preferred growth and the difference between them only lies in the specific selection manner. This work examined the texture gradient in primarily recrystallized sheet and demonstrated its possible influence on the formation of secondary grains, and then determined the micro- texture during different stages of secondary recrystallization using EI3SD （electron back-scattered diffraction） technique, finally analyzed a special type of secondary grains with near Brass orientation, which were detected in the later stage of secondary recrystallization, and discussed its origin and effect in terms of surface energy effect. The results indicate that texture gradient in primarily recrystallized sheet will lead to a multi-stage formation of Goss texture, namely, early stage of secondary grains with various orientations in subsurface region, intermediate stage of preferred growth of Goss grains into center layer and re-grow back to the surface and the final stage of Goss grain growth by swallowing slowly the island grains with the help of H2 atmosphere.展开更多
【目的】探讨NaCl对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,以及Ca^(2+)是否有缓解作用,旨在探索在盐渍化地区引种油茶的可能性,为油茶的引种和栽培提供参考资料。【方法】以油茶‘华硕’花粉为试验材料,采用MTT染色法和花粉液体...【目的】探讨NaCl对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,以及Ca^(2+)是否有缓解作用,旨在探索在盐渍化地区引种油茶的可能性,为油茶的引种和栽培提供参考资料。【方法】以油茶‘华硕’花粉为试验材料,采用MTT染色法和花粉液体培养法,研究NaCl胁迫以及在NaCl胁迫环境中添加Ca^(2+)后对油茶花粉生活力、萌发率和花粉管生长的影响。【结果】1)NaCl对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管伸长均有抑制作用,且抑制效果随NaCl浓度的提高而增强,而高浓度NaCl可完全抑制花粉萌发。20 mM NaCl的抑制效果显著(P<0.05),此时花粉生活力和花粉萌发率分别为36.22%和42.84%,分别是CK的49.97%和57.33%,花粉管长度为23.75μm,是CK的73.54%。在NaCl胁迫环境中,部分花粉管的顶端有膨大现象。2)在20 mM NaCl的胁迫下,外源Ca^(2+)对花粉生活力有抑制作用,但能部分缓解NaCl对油茶花粉萌发和花粉管伸长的抑制作用。2 mM Ca^(2+)对花粉萌发率的缓解效果最佳,此时花粉萌发率显著提高,为60.5%,而Ca^(2+)浓度超过2 mM时,花粉萌发率显著下降,维持在29%左右,出现抑制作用。花粉管长度随着Ca^(2+)浓度的增加而缓慢增长,25 mM Ca^(2+)对花粉管伸长的促进作用最明显,此时花粉管最长,为35.05μm。当Ca^(2+)浓度超过3 mM时,在刚萌发出来的花粉管或者较短的花粉管中顶端破裂现象严重。【结论】在花粉的离体培养过程中,NaCl会对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管伸长造成胁迫,所以,在油茶的栽培和管理过程中,应避免将油茶处在盐胁迫环境中。Ca^(2+)参与了油茶花粉适应盐环境的过程,可为提高油茶耐盐性的研究奠定理论基础。展开更多
Many studies have successfully built iron-mediatedmaterials to activate or catalyze Fentonlike reactions,with applications in water and wastewater treatment being investigated.However,the developed materials are rarel...Many studies have successfully built iron-mediatedmaterials to activate or catalyze Fentonlike reactions,with applications in water and wastewater treatment being investigated.However,the developed materials are rarely compared with each other regarding their performance of organic contaminant removal.In this review,the recent advances of Fentonlike processes in homogeneous and heterogeneous ways are summarized,especially the performance and mechanism of activators including ferrous iron,zero valent iron,iron oxides,iron-loaded carbon,zeolite,and metal organic framework materials.Also,this work mainly compares three O-O bond containing oxidants including hydrogen dioxide,persulfate,and percarbonate,which are environmental-friendly oxidants and feasible for in-situ chemical oxidation.The influence of reaction conditions,catalyst properties and benefits are analyzed and compared.In addition,the challenges and strategies of these oxidants in applications and the major mechanisms of the oxidation process have been discussed.This work can help understand the mechanistic insights of variable Fenton-like reactions,the role of emerging iron-based materials,and provide guidance for choosing appropriate technologies when facing real-world water and wastewater applications.展开更多
Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising for high energy density and safety in all-solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.However,the application of sulfide solid ele...Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising for high energy density and safety in all-solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.However,the application of sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries with lithium anode is restricted by the side reactions at lithium/electrolytes interfaces and the growth of lithium dendrite caused by nonuniform lithium deposition.Herein,a homogeneous LiF-Li_(3)N composite protective layer is in situ formed via a manipulated reaction of pentafluorobenzamide with Li metal.The LiF-Li_(3)N layer with both high interfacial energy and interfacial adhesion energy can synergistically suppress side reactions and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite,achieving uniform deposition of lithium.The critical current densities of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl are increased to 3.25 and 1.25 mA cm^(-2)with Li@LiF-Li_(3)N layer,which are almost triple and twice as those of Li-symmetric cells in the absence of protection layer,respectively.Moreover,the Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li10GeP2S12/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell can stably cycle for 9000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under 0.1 mA h cm^(-2),and Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell achieves stable Li plating/stripping for 8000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under10 m A h cm^(-2).The improved dynamic stability of lithium plating/stripping in Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)or Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl interfaces is proved by three-electrode cells.As a result,LiCoO_(2)/electrolytes/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N batteries with Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl exhibit remarkable cycling stability of 500 cycles with capacity retentions of 93.5%and 89.2%at 1 C,respectively.展开更多
A 3D nanostructured scaffold as the host for zinc enables effective inhibition of anodic dendrite growth.However,the increased electrode/electrolyte interface area provided by using 3D matrices exacerbates the passiva...A 3D nanostructured scaffold as the host for zinc enables effective inhibition of anodic dendrite growth.However,the increased electrode/electrolyte interface area provided by using 3D matrices exacerbates the passivation and localized corrosion of the Zn anode,ultimately bringing about the degradation of the electrochemical performance.Herein,a nanoscale coating of inorganic-organic hybrid(α-In_(2)Se_(3)-Nafion)onto a flexible carbon nanotubes(CNTs)framework(ISNF@CNTs)is designed as a Zn plating/stripping scaffold to ensure uniform Zn nucleation,thus achieving a dendrite-free and durable Zn anode.The intro-duced inorganic-organic interfacial layer is dense and sturdy,which hinders the direct exposure of deposited Zn to electrolytes and mitigates the side reactions.Meanwhile,the zincophilic nature of ISNF can largely reduce the nucleation energy barrier and promote the ion-diffusion transportation.Consequently,the ISNF@CNTs@Zn electrode exhibits a low-voltage hysteresis and a superior cycling life(over 1500 h),with dendrite-free Zn-plating behaviors in a typical symmetrical cell test.Additionally,the superior feature of ISNF@CNTs@Zn anode is further demonstrated by Zn-MnO_(2)cells in both coin and flexible quasi-solid-state configurations.This work puts forward an inspired remedy for advanced Zn-ion batteries.展开更多
When glucose is replete,mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)is active and anchored to the lysosomal surface via the two GTPases,Ras-related GTPase(RAG)and Ras homolog enriched in brain(Rheb),whi...When glucose is replete,mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)is active and anchored to the lysosomal surface via the two GTPases,Ras-related GTPase(RAG)and Ras homolog enriched in brain(Rheb),which are regulated by Ragulator and tuberous sclerosis complex 2(TSC2),respectively.When glucose is low,aldolase senses low fructose-1,6-bisphosphate level and promotes the translocation of AXIN−liver kinase B1(LKB1)to the lysosomal surface,which leads to the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and the inhibition of RAGs,sundering mTORC1 from the lysosome and causing its inactivation.AMPK can also inactivate mTORC1 by phosphorylating Raptor and TSC2.However,the hierarchy of AXIN-and AMPK-mediated inhibition of mTORC1 remains poorly defined.Here,we show that AXIN translocation does not require AMPK expression or activity.In glucose starvation conditions,knockout of AXIN extended the half-life of mTORC1 inhibition from 15 to 60 min,whereas knockout of AMPK only extended it to 30 min.RAGBGTP(constitutively active RAGB)almost entirely blocked the lysosomal dissociation and inhibition of mTORC1 under glucose starvation,but it did not inhibit AMPK,indicating that under these conditions,it is AXIN lysosomal translocation that inhibits mTORC1,and it does so via inhibition of RAGs.5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside(AICAR),a mimetic of AMP,which activates both cytosolic AMPK and lysosomal AMPK,fully inhibited mTORC1 even when it is stably anchored to the lysosome by RAGBGTP,whereas glucose starvation mildly inhibited such anchored mTORC1.Together,we demonstrate that the lysosomal translocation of AXIN plays a primary role in glucose starvation-triggered inhibition of mTORC1 by inhibiting RAGs,and that AMPK activity inhibits mTORC1 through phosphorylating Raptor and TSC2,especially under severe stress.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51071024
文摘The understanding of Goss texture in Hi-B electrical steels possesses significant industrial and academic value, thus attracts worldwide attention. The prevailing models for sharp Goss texture formation during secondary recrystallization are CSL （coincident site lattice） boundary theory and HE （high energy） boundary theory. These theories stress the key factor of preferred growth and the difference between them only lies in the specific selection manner. This work examined the texture gradient in primarily recrystallized sheet and demonstrated its possible influence on the formation of secondary grains, and then determined the micro- texture during different stages of secondary recrystallization using EI3SD （electron back-scattered diffraction） technique, finally analyzed a special type of secondary grains with near Brass orientation, which were detected in the later stage of secondary recrystallization, and discussed its origin and effect in terms of surface energy effect. The results indicate that texture gradient in primarily recrystallized sheet will lead to a multi-stage formation of Goss texture, namely, early stage of secondary grains with various orientations in subsurface region, intermediate stage of preferred growth of Goss grains into center layer and re-grow back to the surface and the final stage of Goss grain growth by swallowing slowly the island grains with the help of H2 atmosphere.
文摘【目的】探讨NaCl对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,以及Ca^(2+)是否有缓解作用,旨在探索在盐渍化地区引种油茶的可能性,为油茶的引种和栽培提供参考资料。【方法】以油茶‘华硕’花粉为试验材料,采用MTT染色法和花粉液体培养法,研究NaCl胁迫以及在NaCl胁迫环境中添加Ca^(2+)后对油茶花粉生活力、萌发率和花粉管生长的影响。【结果】1)NaCl对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管伸长均有抑制作用,且抑制效果随NaCl浓度的提高而增强,而高浓度NaCl可完全抑制花粉萌发。20 mM NaCl的抑制效果显著(P<0.05),此时花粉生活力和花粉萌发率分别为36.22%和42.84%,分别是CK的49.97%和57.33%,花粉管长度为23.75μm,是CK的73.54%。在NaCl胁迫环境中,部分花粉管的顶端有膨大现象。2)在20 mM NaCl的胁迫下,外源Ca^(2+)对花粉生活力有抑制作用,但能部分缓解NaCl对油茶花粉萌发和花粉管伸长的抑制作用。2 mM Ca^(2+)对花粉萌发率的缓解效果最佳,此时花粉萌发率显著提高,为60.5%,而Ca^(2+)浓度超过2 mM时,花粉萌发率显著下降,维持在29%左右,出现抑制作用。花粉管长度随着Ca^(2+)浓度的增加而缓慢增长,25 mM Ca^(2+)对花粉管伸长的促进作用最明显,此时花粉管最长,为35.05μm。当Ca^(2+)浓度超过3 mM时,在刚萌发出来的花粉管或者较短的花粉管中顶端破裂现象严重。【结论】在花粉的离体培养过程中,NaCl会对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管伸长造成胁迫,所以,在油茶的栽培和管理过程中,应避免将油茶处在盐胁迫环境中。Ca^(2+)参与了油茶花粉适应盐环境的过程,可为提高油茶耐盐性的研究奠定理论基础。
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52100196)China Key Technologies R&D program(No.2021YFC3200700).
文摘Many studies have successfully built iron-mediatedmaterials to activate or catalyze Fentonlike reactions,with applications in water and wastewater treatment being investigated.However,the developed materials are rarely compared with each other regarding their performance of organic contaminant removal.In this review,the recent advances of Fentonlike processes in homogeneous and heterogeneous ways are summarized,especially the performance and mechanism of activators including ferrous iron,zero valent iron,iron oxides,iron-loaded carbon,zeolite,and metal organic framework materials.Also,this work mainly compares three O-O bond containing oxidants including hydrogen dioxide,persulfate,and percarbonate,which are environmental-friendly oxidants and feasible for in-situ chemical oxidation.The influence of reaction conditions,catalyst properties and benefits are analyzed and compared.In addition,the challenges and strategies of these oxidants in applications and the major mechanisms of the oxidation process have been discussed.This work can help understand the mechanistic insights of variable Fenton-like reactions,the role of emerging iron-based materials,and provide guidance for choosing appropriate technologies when facing real-world water and wastewater applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1964205,51872303,52172253)+3 种基金the Ningbo S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Programme(2019B10044,2021Z122)the Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program of China(2022C01072)the Jiangsu Provincial S&T Innovation Special Programme for carbon peak and carbon neutrality(BE2022007)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Y2021080)。
文摘Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising for high energy density and safety in all-solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.However,the application of sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries with lithium anode is restricted by the side reactions at lithium/electrolytes interfaces and the growth of lithium dendrite caused by nonuniform lithium deposition.Herein,a homogeneous LiF-Li_(3)N composite protective layer is in situ formed via a manipulated reaction of pentafluorobenzamide with Li metal.The LiF-Li_(3)N layer with both high interfacial energy and interfacial adhesion energy can synergistically suppress side reactions and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite,achieving uniform deposition of lithium.The critical current densities of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl are increased to 3.25 and 1.25 mA cm^(-2)with Li@LiF-Li_(3)N layer,which are almost triple and twice as those of Li-symmetric cells in the absence of protection layer,respectively.Moreover,the Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li10GeP2S12/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell can stably cycle for 9000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under 0.1 mA h cm^(-2),and Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell achieves stable Li plating/stripping for 8000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under10 m A h cm^(-2).The improved dynamic stability of lithium plating/stripping in Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)or Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl interfaces is proved by three-electrode cells.As a result,LiCoO_(2)/electrolytes/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N batteries with Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl exhibit remarkable cycling stability of 500 cycles with capacity retentions of 93.5%and 89.2%at 1 C,respectively.
基金Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:202300410071Key Research Project of Henan Provincial Higher Education,Grant/Award Number:21A140007National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:62174049,52003073,52102285。
文摘A 3D nanostructured scaffold as the host for zinc enables effective inhibition of anodic dendrite growth.However,the increased electrode/electrolyte interface area provided by using 3D matrices exacerbates the passivation and localized corrosion of the Zn anode,ultimately bringing about the degradation of the electrochemical performance.Herein,a nanoscale coating of inorganic-organic hybrid(α-In_(2)Se_(3)-Nafion)onto a flexible carbon nanotubes(CNTs)framework(ISNF@CNTs)is designed as a Zn plating/stripping scaffold to ensure uniform Zn nucleation,thus achieving a dendrite-free and durable Zn anode.The intro-duced inorganic-organic interfacial layer is dense and sturdy,which hinders the direct exposure of deposited Zn to electrolytes and mitigates the side reactions.Meanwhile,the zincophilic nature of ISNF can largely reduce the nucleation energy barrier and promote the ion-diffusion transportation.Consequently,the ISNF@CNTs@Zn electrode exhibits a low-voltage hysteresis and a superior cycling life(over 1500 h),with dendrite-free Zn-plating behaviors in a typical symmetrical cell test.Additionally,the superior feature of ISNF@CNTs@Zn anode is further demonstrated by Zn-MnO_(2)cells in both coin and flexible quasi-solid-state configurations.This work puts forward an inspired remedy for advanced Zn-ion batteries.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0803402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#32070753,#92057204,#82088102,and#92157001)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(#20720200069)the Project“111”sponsored by the State Bureau of Foreign Experts and Ministry of Education of China(#BP2018017)the Agilent Applications and Core Technology-University Research Grant(#4769).
文摘When glucose is replete,mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)is active and anchored to the lysosomal surface via the two GTPases,Ras-related GTPase(RAG)and Ras homolog enriched in brain(Rheb),which are regulated by Ragulator and tuberous sclerosis complex 2(TSC2),respectively.When glucose is low,aldolase senses low fructose-1,6-bisphosphate level and promotes the translocation of AXIN−liver kinase B1(LKB1)to the lysosomal surface,which leads to the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and the inhibition of RAGs,sundering mTORC1 from the lysosome and causing its inactivation.AMPK can also inactivate mTORC1 by phosphorylating Raptor and TSC2.However,the hierarchy of AXIN-and AMPK-mediated inhibition of mTORC1 remains poorly defined.Here,we show that AXIN translocation does not require AMPK expression or activity.In glucose starvation conditions,knockout of AXIN extended the half-life of mTORC1 inhibition from 15 to 60 min,whereas knockout of AMPK only extended it to 30 min.RAGBGTP(constitutively active RAGB)almost entirely blocked the lysosomal dissociation and inhibition of mTORC1 under glucose starvation,but it did not inhibit AMPK,indicating that under these conditions,it is AXIN lysosomal translocation that inhibits mTORC1,and it does so via inhibition of RAGs.5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside(AICAR),a mimetic of AMP,which activates both cytosolic AMPK and lysosomal AMPK,fully inhibited mTORC1 even when it is stably anchored to the lysosome by RAGBGTP,whereas glucose starvation mildly inhibited such anchored mTORC1.Together,we demonstrate that the lysosomal translocation of AXIN plays a primary role in glucose starvation-triggered inhibition of mTORC1 by inhibiting RAGs,and that AMPK activity inhibits mTORC1 through phosphorylating Raptor and TSC2,especially under severe stress.
