The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.展开更多
JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)...JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.展开更多
Direct stimulation of peripheral nerves with implantable electrodes successfully provided sensory feedback to amputees while using hand prostheses.Longevity of the electrodes is key to success,which we have improved f...Direct stimulation of peripheral nerves with implantable electrodes successfully provided sensory feedback to amputees while using hand prostheses.Longevity of the electrodes is key to success,which we have improved for the polyimide-based transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode(TIME).The TIMEs were implanted in the median and ulnar nerves of three trans-radial amputees for up to six months.We present a comprehensive assessment of the electrical properties of the thin-film metallization as well as material status post explantationem.The TIMEs stayed within the electrochemical safe limits while enabling consistent and precise amplitude modulation.This lead to a reliable performance in terms of eliciting sensation.No signs of corrosion or morphological change to the thin-film metallization of the probes was observed by means of electrochemical and optical analysis.The presented longevity demonstrates that thin-film electrodes are applicable in permanent implant systems.展开更多
Objectives:To examine whether patients with congenital heart disease(CHD)are less likely to have a partner or children than individuals from the general population.Methods:Longitudinal study with two assessments of th...Objectives:To examine whether patients with congenital heart disease(CHD)are less likely to have a partner or children than individuals from the general population.Methods:Longitudinal study with two assessments of the same patients(n=244)from a hospital population and controls(n=238)from the German Socio-Economic Panel(GSOEP)using parental education,patients age,and sex as matching criteria.The first patient study was conducted between 5/2003 and 6/2004,the second one between 5/2017 and 4/2019.Controls were drawn from GSOEP-surveys 2004 and 2018.CHD-severity was classified according to type of surgery:curative,reparative,or palliative.Living single was used as outcome measure,for offspring the outcome was having children or not.Results:Among women with CHD the rate of those living single was higher than among controls with the differences depending on disease complexity(curative:OR=5.5;reparative:OR=1.9;palliative:OR=2.7).No statistically significant differences between patients and controls emerged in the male study population.With respect to children a marked difference emerged between women with CHD and controls.Among patients the odds of having children were lower than among controls(curative:OR=0.3;reparative:OR=0.3;palliative:OR=0.2).The rate of patients with children with CHD(women:5.6%;men:4.9%)was higher than expected(1%)if compared with the general population.Conclusions:Using partnership and children as outcome criteria,patients with CHD are disadvantaged if compared to subjects from the general population.In female patients the social consequences of the disease turned out as more pervasive than in women.展开更多
Objectives: SELDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) are laser desorption technologies that allow for proteomic examination of molecular masses in small amounts of samples. In a precedent study, the feasibility ...Objectives: SELDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) are laser desorption technologies that allow for proteomic examination of molecular masses in small amounts of samples. In a precedent study, the feasibility of SELDI-TOF MS assessment of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and tumor cyst fluid had been shown. In the present study, we analyzed whether MALDI-TOF MS examination of these fluids leads to comparable results. Methods: During neurosurgical intervention, cyst fluids from 24 glioblastomas and 15 metastases were collected. As control, cerebrospinal fluid samples from 23 patients were obtained. The samples were prepared using a protocol optimized for MALDI-TOF MS. Mass spectra were recorded and peaks were extracted, characterized by masses and relative intensities. These peaks were analyzed for statistically significant differences between the diagnosis groups and compared to SELDI-TOF MS data. Results: 41 protein peaks known from the SELDI-TOF MS analysis could be confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS, and the cellular expression of the proteins LuzP6 and ApoC1, corresponding to the protein peaks 6433 and 6632, was shown immunohistochemically in glioblas-toma tissue. The MALDI-TOF spectrometry extends the range of analysis down to 1.4 kDa, whereas the upper detection limit lies below 23 kDa. Discussion: The presented proteomic approach yields an inventory of protein masses, found in the tumor cyst at the time of puncture. It does not reveal pathophysiologic, metabolic or secretory pathways that lead to the presence of proteins in the cyst. These have to be assessed immunohistochemically or on mRNA level in the surrounding tumor cells. Conclusion: MALDI-TOF MS of tumor cyst fluid discloses protein sizes, overexpressed or lost in tumor tissue. A thorough proteomic work-up is needed to identify the underlying proteins and metabolic pathways.展开更多
The technique joining by forming allows the structural integration of piezoceramic fibers into locally microstructured metal sheets without any elastic interlayers.A high-volume production of the joining partners caus...The technique joining by forming allows the structural integration of piezoceramic fibers into locally microstructured metal sheets without any elastic interlayers.A high-volume production of the joining partners causes in statistical deviations from the nominal dimensions.A numerical simulation on geometric process sensitivity shows that the deviations have a high significant influence on the resulting fiber stresses after the joining by forming operation and demonstrate the necessity of a monitoring concept.On this basis,the electromechanical behavior of piezoceramic array transducers is investigated experimentally before,during and after the joining process.The piezoceramic array transducer consists of an arrangement of five electrical interconnected piezoceramic fibers.The findings show that the impedance spectrum depends on the fiber stresses and can be used for in-process monitoring during the joining process.Based on the impedance values the preload state of the interconnected piezoceramic fibers can be specifically controlled and a fiber overload.展开更多
Employing recently developed magneto-optical trap recoil ion momentum spectroscopy(MOTRIMS)combined with cold atoms,strong laser pulse,and ultrafast technologies,we study momentum distributions of the multiply ionized...Employing recently developed magneto-optical trap recoil ion momentum spectroscopy(MOTRIMS)combined with cold atoms,strong laser pulse,and ultrafast technologies,we study momentum distributions of the multiply ionized cold rubidium(Rb)induced by the elliptically polarized laser pulses(35 fs,1.3×10^15 W/cm^2).The complete vector momenta of Rb^n+ions up to charge state n=4 are recorded with extremely high resolution(0.12 a.u.for Rb^+).Variations of characteristic multi-bands are displayed in momentum distributions because the ellipticity varies from the linear to circular polarization,are interpreted qualitatively with the classical overbarrier ionization model.Present momentum spectroscopy of cold heavy alkali atoms presents novel strong-field phenomena beyond the noble gases.展开更多
We report on observing photon recoil effects in the absorption of a single monochromatic light at 689 nm through an ultracold ^(88)Sr gas,where the recoil frequency is comparable to natural linewidth of the narrow-lin...We report on observing photon recoil effects in the absorption of a single monochromatic light at 689 nm through an ultracold ^(88)Sr gas,where the recoil frequency is comparable to natural linewidth of the narrow-line transition 5s^(2) ^(1)S_(0)-5s5p ^(3)P_(1) in strontium.In the regime of high-saturation,the absorption profile becomes asymmetric due to the photon-recoil shift,which is of the same order as the natural linewidth.The lineshape is described by an extension of the optical Bloch equations including the momentum transfers to atoms during emission and absorption of photons.Our work reveals the photon recoil effects in a simplest single-beam absorption setting,which is of significant relevance to other applications such as saturation spectroscopy,Ramsey interferometry,and absorption imaging.展开更多
We report on experimental measurements of the transition dipole moments(TDMs)between the intermediate state 5s5p^(3)P_(1)and the triplet Rydberg series 5sns^(3)S_(1)in an ultracold strontium gas.Here n is the principa...We report on experimental measurements of the transition dipole moments(TDMs)between the intermediate state 5s5p^(3)P_(1)and the triplet Rydberg series 5sns^(3)S_(1)in an ultracold strontium gas.Here n is the principal quantum number ranging from 19 to 40.The transition 5s5p^(3)P_(1)–5sns^(3)S_(1)is coupled via an ultraviolet(UV)beam,inducing Autler–Townes splitting of both states.Such a splitting of the intermediate state is spectroscopically measured by using absorption imaging on a narrow transition 5s^(21)S_(0)–5s5p^(3)P_(1)in an ultracold gas of strontium atoms.The power and size of the UV beam are carefully determined,with which the TDMs are extracted from the measured Autler–Townes splitting.The experimentally obtained TDMs are compared to the calculations based on a parametric core potential,on a Coulomb potential with quantum defect,and on the open-source library Alkali Ryderg calculator,finding good agreement with the former two models and significant deviation with the latter.展开更多
Objective: To compare objective and subjective parameters of surgical stress following laparoscopic and open adnexectomy in patients older than 60 years old. Study design: Twenty patients with a benign ovarian tumour ...Objective: To compare objective and subjective parameters of surgical stress following laparoscopic and open adnexectomy in patients older than 60 years old. Study design: Twenty patients with a benign ovarian tumour were prospectively randomized to undergo adnexectomy by a laparoscopic or an open surgical procedure. Measurements included C-reactive protein; interleukin-6 before, during, and after surgery; intensity and duration of postopera-tive pain; and complications and recovery period. Statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance and a Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The levels of the interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein differed significantly between the 2 operative procedures (P = .013) in favor of the laparoscopic approach. The laparoscopic approach was associated with a reduction in operative morbidity, postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, and recovery period. Conclusions: Minimally invasive surgery is of particular benefit to elderly patients if there is a plan in place for appropriate staging and treatment by laparotomy for malignancy. It should be the first choice and may help to reduce postoperative complications.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+22 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle PhysicsWuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules (IN2P3) in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the "Excellence of Science-EOS" in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo in Chilethe Charles University Research Centrethe Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+ in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation (RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn UniversitySuranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvine in USA
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+18 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the“Excellence of Science-EOS in Belgium”the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwanthe Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,University of California at Irvinethe National Science Foundation in USA。
文摘JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.
文摘Direct stimulation of peripheral nerves with implantable electrodes successfully provided sensory feedback to amputees while using hand prostheses.Longevity of the electrodes is key to success,which we have improved for the polyimide-based transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode(TIME).The TIMEs were implanted in the median and ulnar nerves of three trans-radial amputees for up to six months.We present a comprehensive assessment of the electrical properties of the thin-film metallization as well as material status post explantationem.The TIMEs stayed within the electrochemical safe limits while enabling consistent and precise amplitude modulation.This lead to a reliable performance in terms of eliciting sensation.No signs of corrosion or morphological change to the thin-film metallization of the probes was observed by means of electrochemical and optical analysis.The presented longevity demonstrates that thin-film electrodes are applicable in permanent implant systems.
基金Funding Statement:This report is based on two research projects.The first one was funded by the German Research Foundation(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-DFG)under Grant Numbers WE 2670/1-1 and GE1167/2-1 to SG(URL:https://www.dfg.de)The follow-up was funded by Stiftung Kinderherzen,Grant Number WGÖ-014/2016(URL:https://www.kinderherzen.de)TP,KN and SG.The funders had not been involved in the study design,in the collection,analysis and interpretation of data,and in writing the manuscript.
文摘Objectives:To examine whether patients with congenital heart disease(CHD)are less likely to have a partner or children than individuals from the general population.Methods:Longitudinal study with two assessments of the same patients(n=244)from a hospital population and controls(n=238)from the German Socio-Economic Panel(GSOEP)using parental education,patients age,and sex as matching criteria.The first patient study was conducted between 5/2003 and 6/2004,the second one between 5/2017 and 4/2019.Controls were drawn from GSOEP-surveys 2004 and 2018.CHD-severity was classified according to type of surgery:curative,reparative,or palliative.Living single was used as outcome measure,for offspring the outcome was having children or not.Results:Among women with CHD the rate of those living single was higher than among controls with the differences depending on disease complexity(curative:OR=5.5;reparative:OR=1.9;palliative:OR=2.7).No statistically significant differences between patients and controls emerged in the male study population.With respect to children a marked difference emerged between women with CHD and controls.Among patients the odds of having children were lower than among controls(curative:OR=0.3;reparative:OR=0.3;palliative:OR=0.2).The rate of patients with children with CHD(women:5.6%;men:4.9%)was higher than expected(1%)if compared with the general population.Conclusions:Using partnership and children as outcome criteria,patients with CHD are disadvantaged if compared to subjects from the general population.In female patients the social consequences of the disease turned out as more pervasive than in women.
文摘Objectives: SELDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) are laser desorption technologies that allow for proteomic examination of molecular masses in small amounts of samples. In a precedent study, the feasibility of SELDI-TOF MS assessment of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and tumor cyst fluid had been shown. In the present study, we analyzed whether MALDI-TOF MS examination of these fluids leads to comparable results. Methods: During neurosurgical intervention, cyst fluids from 24 glioblastomas and 15 metastases were collected. As control, cerebrospinal fluid samples from 23 patients were obtained. The samples were prepared using a protocol optimized for MALDI-TOF MS. Mass spectra were recorded and peaks were extracted, characterized by masses and relative intensities. These peaks were analyzed for statistically significant differences between the diagnosis groups and compared to SELDI-TOF MS data. Results: 41 protein peaks known from the SELDI-TOF MS analysis could be confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS, and the cellular expression of the proteins LuzP6 and ApoC1, corresponding to the protein peaks 6433 and 6632, was shown immunohistochemically in glioblas-toma tissue. The MALDI-TOF spectrometry extends the range of analysis down to 1.4 kDa, whereas the upper detection limit lies below 23 kDa. Discussion: The presented proteomic approach yields an inventory of protein masses, found in the tumor cyst at the time of puncture. It does not reveal pathophysiologic, metabolic or secretory pathways that lead to the presence of proteins in the cyst. These have to be assessed immunohistochemically or on mRNA level in the surrounding tumor cells. Conclusion: MALDI-TOF MS of tumor cyst fluid discloses protein sizes, overexpressed or lost in tumor tissue. A thorough proteomic work-up is needed to identify the underlying proteins and metabolic pathways.
基金This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)in context of the Collaborative Research Centre/Transregio 39 PT-PIESA,subprojects A02,A03 and B01.
文摘The technique joining by forming allows the structural integration of piezoceramic fibers into locally microstructured metal sheets without any elastic interlayers.A high-volume production of the joining partners causes in statistical deviations from the nominal dimensions.A numerical simulation on geometric process sensitivity shows that the deviations have a high significant influence on the resulting fiber stresses after the joining by forming operation and demonstrate the necessity of a monitoring concept.On this basis,the electromechanical behavior of piezoceramic array transducers is investigated experimentally before,during and after the joining process.The piezoceramic array transducer consists of an arrangement of five electrical interconnected piezoceramic fibers.The findings show that the impedance spectrum depends on the fiber stresses and can be used for in-process monitoring during the joining process.Based on the impedance values the preload state of the interconnected piezoceramic fibers can be specifically controlled and a fiber overload.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1182780611874368+2 种基金6167521311822401and11674034)。
文摘Employing recently developed magneto-optical trap recoil ion momentum spectroscopy(MOTRIMS)combined with cold atoms,strong laser pulse,and ultrafast technologies,we study momentum distributions of the multiply ionized cold rubidium(Rb)induced by the elliptically polarized laser pulses(35 fs,1.3×10^15 W/cm^2).The complete vector momenta of Rb^n+ions up to charge state n=4 are recorded with extremely high resolution(0.12 a.u.for Rb^+).Variations of characteristic multi-bands are displayed in momentum distributions because the ellipticity varies from the linear to circular polarization,are interpreted qualitatively with the classical overbarrier ionization model.Present momentum spectroscopy of cold heavy alkali atoms presents novel strong-field phenomena beyond the noble gases.
基金supported by the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologiessupport from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11827806)
文摘We report on observing photon recoil effects in the absorption of a single monochromatic light at 689 nm through an ultracold ^(88)Sr gas,where the recoil frequency is comparable to natural linewidth of the narrow-line transition 5s^(2) ^(1)S_(0)-5s5p ^(3)P_(1) in strontium.In the regime of high-saturation,the absorption profile becomes asymmetric due to the photon-recoil shift,which is of the same order as the natural linewidth.The lineshape is described by an extension of the optical Bloch equations including the momentum transfers to atoms during emission and absorption of photons.Our work reveals the photon recoil effects in a simplest single-beam absorption setting,which is of significant relevance to other applications such as saturation spectroscopy,Ramsey interferometry,and absorption imaging.
基金supported by the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologiessupport from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11827806)。
文摘We report on experimental measurements of the transition dipole moments(TDMs)between the intermediate state 5s5p^(3)P_(1)and the triplet Rydberg series 5sns^(3)S_(1)in an ultracold strontium gas.Here n is the principal quantum number ranging from 19 to 40.The transition 5s5p^(3)P_(1)–5sns^(3)S_(1)is coupled via an ultraviolet(UV)beam,inducing Autler–Townes splitting of both states.Such a splitting of the intermediate state is spectroscopically measured by using absorption imaging on a narrow transition 5s^(21)S_(0)–5s5p^(3)P_(1)in an ultracold gas of strontium atoms.The power and size of the UV beam are carefully determined,with which the TDMs are extracted from the measured Autler–Townes splitting.The experimentally obtained TDMs are compared to the calculations based on a parametric core potential,on a Coulomb potential with quantum defect,and on the open-source library Alkali Ryderg calculator,finding good agreement with the former two models and significant deviation with the latter.
文摘Objective: To compare objective and subjective parameters of surgical stress following laparoscopic and open adnexectomy in patients older than 60 years old. Study design: Twenty patients with a benign ovarian tumour were prospectively randomized to undergo adnexectomy by a laparoscopic or an open surgical procedure. Measurements included C-reactive protein; interleukin-6 before, during, and after surgery; intensity and duration of postopera-tive pain; and complications and recovery period. Statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance and a Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The levels of the interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein differed significantly between the 2 operative procedures (P = .013) in favor of the laparoscopic approach. The laparoscopic approach was associated with a reduction in operative morbidity, postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, and recovery period. Conclusions: Minimally invasive surgery is of particular benefit to elderly patients if there is a plan in place for appropriate staging and treatment by laparotomy for malignancy. It should be the first choice and may help to reduce postoperative complications.
