<strong>Introduction:</strong> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate ...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the burden of CVD and audit the management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in patients with non-dialysis (ND) dependent CKD in Cameroon. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study in the Douala general hospital was conducted from January to March 2016, including CKD patients’ stages 3 - 5 ND. Socio-demographic data, comorbidities, medications and biological data were extracted from patient’s records. For each participant, lipid profile and urinary protein excretion were measured;a resting electrocardiogram was done. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, anemia, hyperuricemia, proteinuria and high calcium-phosphorus product were considered as CVRF. CVD was defined as a history of stroke, peripheral artery disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia. We used KDOQI 2003, KDIGO 2012 and JNC 8 guidelines for definition and evaluation of the management of lipid abnormalities, proteinuria and hypertension respectively. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 83 patients (45 males) were included;mean age was 56 ± 15 years. Mean number of CVRFs per patient was 5.19 ± 1.64;hypertension (90.3%), obesity (79.5%), anemia (78.3%), dyslipidemia (69.8%) and hyperuricemia (69.8%) were the most frequent. Mean number of CVD per patient was 1.5 ± 0.63 with an overall prevalence of 69.8%;LVH (48.2%) and CHD (30.1%), were the most frequent and prevalence increased significantly with CKD stage. Treatment rate of hypertension was 100%, 53.4% for dyslipidemia and 75.3% for anemia. Target values were achieved in 50% of participants for LDL-cholesterol and phosphorus levels, 26.6% for blood pressure and 6% for hemoglobin levels. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> CVRF are highly prevalent in non-dialyzed CKD populations in t展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are common in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and constitute an important cause of morbidity. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are common in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and constitute an important cause of morbidity. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the prevalence of GIS and identify their determinants in adults on maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2017 at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital dialysis center. All conscious consenting adults’ patients who provided a written informed consent and have been on hemodialysis for more than three months with an arterio-venous fistula were recruited. All chronic hemodialysis patients of the center dialyze 4 hours twice a week. All patients with dementia were excluded. We collected demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data and used Rome IV modified GIS rating scale. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare variables. <strong>Results:</strong> We included 83 (72.3% males) participants with a mean (SD) age of 50 (12) years. Hypertension (31.3%), chronic glomerulonephritis (26.5%) and diabetes mellitus (20.5%) were the leading baseline nephropathy. There were 31 (37.3%) participants with psychiatric disorders including anxiety (45.2%) and depression (54.8%). The biological abnormalities were increased parathormone (20.5%), hypocalcemia (24.1%), hyperphosphatemia (32.5%), increased C-reactive protein (46.4%) and anemia (68.7%). The GIS was reported in 73 (87.9%) participants. Diarrhea (47%), constipation (38.6%), vomiting (38.6%), anorexia (33.7%) and nausea (31.3%) were the main GIS observed. The presence of hypertension was the only association with the GIS (p = 0.02). We did not find any association between GIS and age, gender, diabetes mellitus, psychiatric disorders and duration in dialysis (all p > 0.1). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We reported a high prevalence of GIS in this mainly young adult population. This could be related to their under-dialysis status and suggest the展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Haematological disorders are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading by anemia which increase with the severity of the disease. Objective: Assess the hae...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Haematological disorders are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading by anemia which increase with the severity of the disease. Objective: Assess the haematological profile of CKD patients stages 3 to 5 non-dialysed seen at the first nephrology consultation in Cameroon. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2018 at the nephrology unit of the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital and Douala General Hospital. All adults’ (≥18 years old) patients who provided a written informed consent and attended their first nephrology consultation with a nephrologist diagnosis of CKD stages 3 to 5 non-dialysed were included. Clinical and paraclinical data (serum creatinine, full blood count, reticulocytes count, iron status, vitamin B12 and folates count, and bleeding time) were collected. Parametric, non-parametric and correlations tests were used to compare variables. <strong>Results:</strong> We included 105 (59% males) participants with a mean age of 55.2 ± 13.6 years divided into 20 (19%), 36 (34.3%) and 49 (46.7%) respectively in stage G3, G4 and G5 of CKD. The profile of hematological abnormalities was anemia (86.7%), leucopenia (15.2%), hyperleucocytosis (6.7%), thrombopenia (23.8%), thrombocytosis (3.8%) and prolonged bleeding time (13.3%) without any association with the stage of CKD (p > 0.05). The pattern of anemia was mainly normocytic and normochromic (59.3%) and aregenerative (92.3%) with iron deficiency found in 23 (21.9%) participants. There was no case of vitamin B12 and folates deficiency. Prolonged bleeding time was observed in 14 (13.3%) participants with a weak correlation between platelets count and bleeding time (r = 0.122). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We observed that aregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia is the leading haematological abnormality during CKD in this setting. None of the full blood count parameters was associated with CKD stages and there was a week cor展开更多
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the burden of CVD and audit the management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in patients with non-dialysis (ND) dependent CKD in Cameroon. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study in the Douala general hospital was conducted from January to March 2016, including CKD patients’ stages 3 - 5 ND. Socio-demographic data, comorbidities, medications and biological data were extracted from patient’s records. For each participant, lipid profile and urinary protein excretion were measured;a resting electrocardiogram was done. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, anemia, hyperuricemia, proteinuria and high calcium-phosphorus product were considered as CVRF. CVD was defined as a history of stroke, peripheral artery disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia. We used KDOQI 2003, KDIGO 2012 and JNC 8 guidelines for definition and evaluation of the management of lipid abnormalities, proteinuria and hypertension respectively. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 83 patients (45 males) were included;mean age was 56 ± 15 years. Mean number of CVRFs per patient was 5.19 ± 1.64;hypertension (90.3%), obesity (79.5%), anemia (78.3%), dyslipidemia (69.8%) and hyperuricemia (69.8%) were the most frequent. Mean number of CVD per patient was 1.5 ± 0.63 with an overall prevalence of 69.8%;LVH (48.2%) and CHD (30.1%), were the most frequent and prevalence increased significantly with CKD stage. Treatment rate of hypertension was 100%, 53.4% for dyslipidemia and 75.3% for anemia. Target values were achieved in 50% of participants for LDL-cholesterol and phosphorus levels, 26.6% for blood pressure and 6% for hemoglobin levels. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> CVRF are highly prevalent in non-dialyzed CKD populations in t
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are common in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and constitute an important cause of morbidity. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the prevalence of GIS and identify their determinants in adults on maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2017 at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital dialysis center. All conscious consenting adults’ patients who provided a written informed consent and have been on hemodialysis for more than three months with an arterio-venous fistula were recruited. All chronic hemodialysis patients of the center dialyze 4 hours twice a week. All patients with dementia were excluded. We collected demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data and used Rome IV modified GIS rating scale. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare variables. <strong>Results:</strong> We included 83 (72.3% males) participants with a mean (SD) age of 50 (12) years. Hypertension (31.3%), chronic glomerulonephritis (26.5%) and diabetes mellitus (20.5%) were the leading baseline nephropathy. There were 31 (37.3%) participants with psychiatric disorders including anxiety (45.2%) and depression (54.8%). The biological abnormalities were increased parathormone (20.5%), hypocalcemia (24.1%), hyperphosphatemia (32.5%), increased C-reactive protein (46.4%) and anemia (68.7%). The GIS was reported in 73 (87.9%) participants. Diarrhea (47%), constipation (38.6%), vomiting (38.6%), anorexia (33.7%) and nausea (31.3%) were the main GIS observed. The presence of hypertension was the only association with the GIS (p = 0.02). We did not find any association between GIS and age, gender, diabetes mellitus, psychiatric disorders and duration in dialysis (all p > 0.1). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We reported a high prevalence of GIS in this mainly young adult population. This could be related to their under-dialysis status and suggest the
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Haematological disorders are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading by anemia which increase with the severity of the disease. Objective: Assess the haematological profile of CKD patients stages 3 to 5 non-dialysed seen at the first nephrology consultation in Cameroon. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2018 at the nephrology unit of the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital and Douala General Hospital. All adults’ (≥18 years old) patients who provided a written informed consent and attended their first nephrology consultation with a nephrologist diagnosis of CKD stages 3 to 5 non-dialysed were included. Clinical and paraclinical data (serum creatinine, full blood count, reticulocytes count, iron status, vitamin B12 and folates count, and bleeding time) were collected. Parametric, non-parametric and correlations tests were used to compare variables. <strong>Results:</strong> We included 105 (59% males) participants with a mean age of 55.2 ± 13.6 years divided into 20 (19%), 36 (34.3%) and 49 (46.7%) respectively in stage G3, G4 and G5 of CKD. The profile of hematological abnormalities was anemia (86.7%), leucopenia (15.2%), hyperleucocytosis (6.7%), thrombopenia (23.8%), thrombocytosis (3.8%) and prolonged bleeding time (13.3%) without any association with the stage of CKD (p > 0.05). The pattern of anemia was mainly normocytic and normochromic (59.3%) and aregenerative (92.3%) with iron deficiency found in 23 (21.9%) participants. There was no case of vitamin B12 and folates deficiency. Prolonged bleeding time was observed in 14 (13.3%) participants with a weak correlation between platelets count and bleeding time (r = 0.122). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We observed that aregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia is the leading haematological abnormality during CKD in this setting. None of the full blood count parameters was associated with CKD stages and there was a week cor
