Current transient analysis predominantly relies on zero-dimensional/one-dimensional tools,proficient at capturing aerothermodynamic variations across critical engine stations but insufficient for analyzing the interna...Current transient analysis predominantly relies on zero-dimensional/one-dimensional tools,proficient at capturing aerothermodynamic variations across critical engine stations but insufficient for analyzing the internal flow field evolution during transients.Addressing this gap,the study presents an enhanced quasi-three dimensional(quasi-3D)transient simulation technique that integrates component volume effects,offering a significant leap from the preceding quasi-3D transient simulation method based on quasi-steady assumption.By embedding the component volume effects on density,momentum,and energy within the physical temporal dimension of the Navier-Stokes equations,the refined quasi-3D transient model achieves a closer representation of physical phenomena.Validation against a single-shaft turbofan engine’s experimental data confirms the model’s accuracy.Average errors for key performance indicators,including shaft speed,thrust,mass flow rate,and critical component exit temperature and pressure,remain below 0.41%,5.69%,2.55%,3.18%and 0.67%,respectively.Crucially,the model exposes a discernible temporal lag in the compressor outlet pressure and temperature response due to volume effects—previously unquantified in quasi-3D transient simulations.And further exploration of the meridional flow field emphasizes the consequential role of volumes in transient flow field evolution.Incorporating volume effects within quasi-3D transient simulations enhances engine modeling and is pivotal for precise transient analysis in engine design and optimization.展开更多
目的研究过敏性紫癜动物模型的造模特点,为其动物模型的规范化提供计量参考。方法在中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed及Web of Science数据库检索过敏性紫癜动物模型相关文献,归纳实验动物品系、年龄、性别、造模...目的研究过敏性紫癜动物模型的造模特点,为其动物模型的规范化提供计量参考。方法在中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed及Web of Science数据库检索过敏性紫癜动物模型相关文献,归纳实验动物品系、年龄、性别、造模方法、成模周期、阳性对照药、检测指标等,构建数据库并进行规范整理、分析。结果共纳入符合标准的46篇文献,包含动物模型实验研究52例。实验动物多选择6周龄、3~4周龄的SD大鼠或3~4周龄、8周龄的KM小鼠,性别多选择雄性或雌雄各半。模型以病证结合复合模型和模拟IgA肾病模型多见;常用造模方法为尾静脉注射印度墨水+灌胃和尾静脉注射麦胶蛋白溶液、灌胃/口服干姜、胡椒、荜茇+腹腔注射卵白蛋白和弗氏完全佐剂混合液+尾静脉/耳缘静脉和皮内注射卵白蛋白0.9%氯化钠溶液;造模周期以14、6、12周多见。阳性对照药应用最多的是西咪替丁、双嘧达莫、雷公藤多苷片。高频检测指标依次为血清相关生化指标、肾组织病理、24 h尿蛋白、肾组织免疫组化、表观指标、尿常规、皮肤组织病理等。结论目前过敏性紫癜动物模型制备方法多样,病证结合复合模型与中西医临床特点吻合度较高,但缺少统一的造模方法及中医证候评价标准等,还需探索其他相关证型的病证模型,并进一步重复验证、完善。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52376021).
文摘Current transient analysis predominantly relies on zero-dimensional/one-dimensional tools,proficient at capturing aerothermodynamic variations across critical engine stations but insufficient for analyzing the internal flow field evolution during transients.Addressing this gap,the study presents an enhanced quasi-three dimensional(quasi-3D)transient simulation technique that integrates component volume effects,offering a significant leap from the preceding quasi-3D transient simulation method based on quasi-steady assumption.By embedding the component volume effects on density,momentum,and energy within the physical temporal dimension of the Navier-Stokes equations,the refined quasi-3D transient model achieves a closer representation of physical phenomena.Validation against a single-shaft turbofan engine’s experimental data confirms the model’s accuracy.Average errors for key performance indicators,including shaft speed,thrust,mass flow rate,and critical component exit temperature and pressure,remain below 0.41%,5.69%,2.55%,3.18%and 0.67%,respectively.Crucially,the model exposes a discernible temporal lag in the compressor outlet pressure and temperature response due to volume effects—previously unquantified in quasi-3D transient simulations.And further exploration of the meridional flow field emphasizes the consequential role of volumes in transient flow field evolution.Incorporating volume effects within quasi-3D transient simulations enhances engine modeling and is pivotal for precise transient analysis in engine design and optimization.
文摘目的研究过敏性紫癜动物模型的造模特点,为其动物模型的规范化提供计量参考。方法在中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed及Web of Science数据库检索过敏性紫癜动物模型相关文献,归纳实验动物品系、年龄、性别、造模方法、成模周期、阳性对照药、检测指标等,构建数据库并进行规范整理、分析。结果共纳入符合标准的46篇文献,包含动物模型实验研究52例。实验动物多选择6周龄、3~4周龄的SD大鼠或3~4周龄、8周龄的KM小鼠,性别多选择雄性或雌雄各半。模型以病证结合复合模型和模拟IgA肾病模型多见;常用造模方法为尾静脉注射印度墨水+灌胃和尾静脉注射麦胶蛋白溶液、灌胃/口服干姜、胡椒、荜茇+腹腔注射卵白蛋白和弗氏完全佐剂混合液+尾静脉/耳缘静脉和皮内注射卵白蛋白0.9%氯化钠溶液;造模周期以14、6、12周多见。阳性对照药应用最多的是西咪替丁、双嘧达莫、雷公藤多苷片。高频检测指标依次为血清相关生化指标、肾组织病理、24 h尿蛋白、肾组织免疫组化、表观指标、尿常规、皮肤组织病理等。结论目前过敏性紫癜动物模型制备方法多样,病证结合复合模型与中西医临床特点吻合度较高,但缺少统一的造模方法及中医证候评价标准等,还需探索其他相关证型的病证模型,并进一步重复验证、完善。
