Purpose: The multifidus muscle is an important extensor muscle of the lumbar spine. It plays a major role in the stability and realization of axial rotation movements of the thoraco-lumbar spine. Its atrophy by fatty ...Purpose: The multifidus muscle is an important extensor muscle of the lumbar spine. It plays a major role in the stability and realization of axial rotation movements of the thoraco-lumbar spine. Its atrophy by fatty degeneration would be at the origin of the occurrence of chronic low back pain which constitutes a public health problem in Senegal. Taking into account its anatomy is essential for the etiopathogenic analysis and the treatment of low back pain. The purpose of our work was to investigate the impact of multifidus muscle morphometry on the anatomy-clinical evolution of low back pain. Material and method: this was a prospective study over a period of 30 months from November 2019 to May 2022. It involved 100 patients seen in the neurology department of Fann Hospital for chronic low back pain and who had already had a scanner falling within the criteria for low back pain. We used 3D Slicer, SPSS 20, Excel 2016 software to model and analyze the morphometric data of the multifidus muscle after physiotherapy and control lumbar scans. Results: The sex ratio was 2.23. The average age of the patients was 45 ± 7 years. On the initial CT scan, according to the Hadar classification, we noted a predominance of grade 2 with 56% in L5/S1, followed by grade 1 with 32% and grade 3 with 14%. In L4/L5, the majority of patients, 67%, had grade 1. A conflicting circumferential disc bulge with the roots predominating in L5/S1 was present in 94% of men (p-value = 0.02). Before physiotherapy, the average volume of the multifidus was 193 mm<sup>3</sup> ± 39, after physiotherapy it was 203 mm<sup>3</sup> ± 42 with a progression rate of 5.2%. Clinically, severe type pain had regressed from 86% before physiotherapy to 0% after physiotherapy (p-value = 0.03). Conclusion: Taking into account the morphometry of the multifidus is an essential element in the management of chronic low back pain.展开更多
<strong>Summary:</strong> A malignant tumour that develops from the bronchial epithelium and then invades the lungs. It ranks third after colorectal and breast cancer. In Mali, computed tomography (CT) is ...<strong>Summary:</strong> A malignant tumour that develops from the bronchial epithelium and then invades the lungs. It ranks third after colorectal and breast cancer. In Mali, computed tomography (CT) is the main imaging tool used at all stages of treatment. We had initiated this study with the objective of specifying the place of CT in the diagnosis of primary bronchopulmonary cancer at the hospital of Mali. <strong>Method: </strong>This is a prospective and descriptive study conducted by the Medical Imaging and Thoracic Surgery departments at Mali Hospital from March 2014 to February 2015. All the patients who have benefited from a CT scan and presenting at least one histologically confirmed bronchopulmonary tumor were included. <strong>Results: </strong>We were recruiting 60 patients with bronchopulmonary cancers out of 500 referred for a thoracic CT scan performed, a frequency of 12%. There was one male patient with a sex ratio of 4H/1F. The average age was 60 years. The history of smoking was 85%. The symptoms were dominated by general condition (63.33%), cough (25%) and haemoptysis (58.33%). CT scans were performed in all patients. The lesions were located more in the lower lobes (71%). The tumours were: heterogeneous tissue density (70%), spiculated contours (80%), and the histology was more non-small cell carcinoma. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of bronchopulmonary cancer is very high and its prognosis is poor at an advanced stage. The evaluative role of CT and biopsy guidance has given it a place of choice in its management. The diagnosis of certainty remains histology.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Bladder tumours are frequent, have a poor prognosis and are the second most common genitourinary tumour in men. In Mali, recent statistical data on the prevalence of bladder ...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Bladder tumours are frequent, have a poor prognosis and are the second most common genitourinary tumour in men. In Mali, recent statistical data on the prevalence of bladder tumours show a progression with 6.71% in 2006. The euro scanner is used in the diagnostic workup. The work was initiated in order to specify the role of the scanner in the diagnosis of these tumors. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Prospective descriptive study was carried out in the medical imaging department of Mali Hospital from February to November 2018. Were included any patient with a bladder tumour on euro scanner. The patients had benefited from a preliminary preparation and a renal biological assessment in order to eliminate renal insufficiency. Our examinations were performed with a Siemens 16-slice scanner. These were axial slices performed without, with iodine injection from the pulmonary base to the pubic bones. <strong>Results: </strong>We had collected 17 patients out of 541 scans<em> i.e.</em> a frequency of 3.76%. The age range of 21 to 40 years was 58.8% with an average age of 25 years. The antecedents (ATCD) found were urinary bilharzia (47%) and smoking (17%). The clinic was dominated by haematuria. It was associated with a bladder mass (52%) and dysuria (23.52%). The CT scan showed a budding appearance, a size greater than 3 cm (82%), infiltration of peri-vesical fat (47.05%), and adenopathy (94%). Associated lesions were: utero-hydronephrosis (58.82%) and metastases (bone and liver in 11.76% of cases each). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>They are frequent and the history of urinary bilharziasis remains the main risk factor in endemic countries. CT scans are essential in the management of this disease. The diagnosis of certainty remains histology.展开更多
The Mako area, located in eastern Sénégal</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verda...The Mako area, located in eastern Sénégal</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> constitute</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a segment of Paleoproterozoic (Birimian) formations of the Kédougou-Kéniéba Inliers (KKI) in the western part of the West African craton.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The basic volcanism of the Birimian formations of the KKI has long been considered to be related to a single magmatic event associated with a Mid Oceanic Ridge Basalts (MORB) setting.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this paper is to demonstrate on the basis of the architectural characteristics of the granitoids dark enclaves, the occurrence of at least two distinct phases of basic Magamtism in the Birimian of the KKI.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The methodology consists of a cartography, a petrographic and architectural characterization of the dark enclaves within the Mako granitoids, in order to constrain their spatial and temporal relationships with the granitic magma. The results obtained are compared with those of the bibliography. We have pinpointed two types of enclaves depending on their shapes and the characteristics of t展开更多
The tectonic structures of the Mako area in the Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier (KKI) were mapped with tele-analytical investigation which is validated by field data. This study is based on different images pro...The tectonic structures of the Mako area in the Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier (KKI) were mapped with tele-analytical investigation which is validated by field data. This study is based on different images processing in particular: </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) the colored combinations (1 to 5) and panchromatic (8) thematic mapping bands of the Landsat-8 (ETM</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) satellite;</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) image of Space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM);</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) airborne geophysics (aeromagnetic and radiometric) images. In these images, four major directions of lineaments NS, NNE-SSW, NW-SE and EW would be related to the tectonic structures, have been identified and mapped. Field data confirm these four structural directions and show that most of these lineaments are related to faults, shear and/or thrust zones, or even basic rock dykes. N-S to NE-SW oriented lineaments are more frequent followed by those NW-SE oriented. These two directions of lineaments are generally in correlation with trajectories of major sinistral shear zones in the Mako area. They would be associated with the S</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2a</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and S</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2b</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> schistosities relative to the D</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Eburnean major deformation. They often intersect the E-W oriented lineaments which are less frequent and sometimes folded and crenulated. This E-W oriented linea</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ment would be prior and are asso展开更多
Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a rel...Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.展开更多
Convective heat transfer coefficients, materializing exchanges between solid wall (here typha) and its environment, influence its behavior under excitation pulse. Temperature of wall and its density of flow vary with ...Convective heat transfer coefficients, materializing exchanges between solid wall (here typha) and its environment, influence its behavior under excitation pulse. Temperature of wall and its density of flow vary with these coefficients according to its thickness (in depth). This study therefore focuses on the evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient on front face and the optimal insulation thickness.展开更多
Energy consumption in the building sector is constantly increasing and represents more than 44% in the residential and tertiary sectors in many <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">countries&...Energy consumption in the building sector is constantly increasing and represents more than 44% in the residential and tertiary sectors in many <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">countries</span><span style="color:#C45911;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[1]</span><span></span><span><span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Thus, the building represents a real possibility of energy saving and is the subject of several studies particularly in actual context of experimentation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with materials based on plant fibers (hemp, flax, millet wastage, etc.). These biobased materials such as typha have shown real interest in the buildings construction due to their light and porous nature. It’s in this context that we were interested in typha australis mixed with classic aggregates (cement, sand, gravel 3/8) to make typha’s concrete. On this concrete, we carried out experimental measurements in order to better understand its contributions in the building. The interesting results obtained show that typha australis, which is an invasive and harmful grass, can be valued and integrated among local building materials in the form of typha’s concrete in order to improve the energy efficiency of buildings.</span>展开更多
The construction industry in Senegal is experiencing an upsurge in the development of residential housing units and administrative buildings within the new Diamniadio municipality, an area located just about 35 km fro...The construction industry in Senegal is experiencing an upsurge in the development of residential housing units and administrative buildings within the new Diamniadio municipality, an area located just about 35 km from the capital city of Dakar. Laboratory oedometer or expansive-index tests, however, show poor density and compromised shear strength in the soil samples within the area -posing serious construction problems due to significant volume changes (swellings) that occur when subjected to moisture, thus, bringing into question the structural performance integrity of the soil, and the financial implications of substitute soil types used to compensate for its poor tensile strength. By way, the companies collect the soil of this location (Diamniadio) and throw it to make pile or micro-pile (pious) for their structures. This article demonstrates how we can value the soil of Diamniadio and the Typha Australis in residential building with a reasonable cost. Typha Australis is a plant generally luxuriant within the northern and central belts of Senegal but also known for its negative ecological impacts on the agricultural production of rice. The valorisation of the soil of Diamniadio will pass by the ability to increase its stability or to decrease its shrinkage/swelling rate. When we achieve it, the soil associate with Typha Australis will be used for small bricks which can be useful for partition wall and so the soil will not be ever thrown as a non-useful material. Tests results of soil specimens extracted from the site show a shrinkage rate of 29.19% with estimated cracking depths of 3.5 cm. But by adding gradually Typha Australis, the shrinkage rate will pass from 29.19% to 5.13% with the material treats with 10% by mass of Typha Australis. Moreover, the crackings in the cylindrical specimen disappear. That shows the increase of the stability;thus the composition will be used for building bricks. However, the densities will also be affected by the presence of Typha Australis. The density is decreased from 203展开更多
The study is carried out in imperfect contact with a concrete slab wall attached to a panel based on rice straw compressed in a dynamic frequency regime. We will propose the characterization of thermal insulation for ...The study is carried out in imperfect contact with a concrete slab wall attached to a panel based on rice straw compressed in a dynamic frequency regime. We will propose the characterization of thermal insulation for thermal resistance of contact (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">x</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.05 m). The impact of heat exchange coefficients on the front face (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">x</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0 m) and the rear face (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">x</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.1 m) on these resistors is shown.</span>展开更多
文摘Purpose: The multifidus muscle is an important extensor muscle of the lumbar spine. It plays a major role in the stability and realization of axial rotation movements of the thoraco-lumbar spine. Its atrophy by fatty degeneration would be at the origin of the occurrence of chronic low back pain which constitutes a public health problem in Senegal. Taking into account its anatomy is essential for the etiopathogenic analysis and the treatment of low back pain. The purpose of our work was to investigate the impact of multifidus muscle morphometry on the anatomy-clinical evolution of low back pain. Material and method: this was a prospective study over a period of 30 months from November 2019 to May 2022. It involved 100 patients seen in the neurology department of Fann Hospital for chronic low back pain and who had already had a scanner falling within the criteria for low back pain. We used 3D Slicer, SPSS 20, Excel 2016 software to model and analyze the morphometric data of the multifidus muscle after physiotherapy and control lumbar scans. Results: The sex ratio was 2.23. The average age of the patients was 45 ± 7 years. On the initial CT scan, according to the Hadar classification, we noted a predominance of grade 2 with 56% in L5/S1, followed by grade 1 with 32% and grade 3 with 14%. In L4/L5, the majority of patients, 67%, had grade 1. A conflicting circumferential disc bulge with the roots predominating in L5/S1 was present in 94% of men (p-value = 0.02). Before physiotherapy, the average volume of the multifidus was 193 mm<sup>3</sup> ± 39, after physiotherapy it was 203 mm<sup>3</sup> ± 42 with a progression rate of 5.2%. Clinically, severe type pain had regressed from 86% before physiotherapy to 0% after physiotherapy (p-value = 0.03). Conclusion: Taking into account the morphometry of the multifidus is an essential element in the management of chronic low back pain.
文摘<strong>Summary:</strong> A malignant tumour that develops from the bronchial epithelium and then invades the lungs. It ranks third after colorectal and breast cancer. In Mali, computed tomography (CT) is the main imaging tool used at all stages of treatment. We had initiated this study with the objective of specifying the place of CT in the diagnosis of primary bronchopulmonary cancer at the hospital of Mali. <strong>Method: </strong>This is a prospective and descriptive study conducted by the Medical Imaging and Thoracic Surgery departments at Mali Hospital from March 2014 to February 2015. All the patients who have benefited from a CT scan and presenting at least one histologically confirmed bronchopulmonary tumor were included. <strong>Results: </strong>We were recruiting 60 patients with bronchopulmonary cancers out of 500 referred for a thoracic CT scan performed, a frequency of 12%. There was one male patient with a sex ratio of 4H/1F. The average age was 60 years. The history of smoking was 85%. The symptoms were dominated by general condition (63.33%), cough (25%) and haemoptysis (58.33%). CT scans were performed in all patients. The lesions were located more in the lower lobes (71%). The tumours were: heterogeneous tissue density (70%), spiculated contours (80%), and the histology was more non-small cell carcinoma. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of bronchopulmonary cancer is very high and its prognosis is poor at an advanced stage. The evaluative role of CT and biopsy guidance has given it a place of choice in its management. The diagnosis of certainty remains histology.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Bladder tumours are frequent, have a poor prognosis and are the second most common genitourinary tumour in men. In Mali, recent statistical data on the prevalence of bladder tumours show a progression with 6.71% in 2006. The euro scanner is used in the diagnostic workup. The work was initiated in order to specify the role of the scanner in the diagnosis of these tumors. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Prospective descriptive study was carried out in the medical imaging department of Mali Hospital from February to November 2018. Were included any patient with a bladder tumour on euro scanner. The patients had benefited from a preliminary preparation and a renal biological assessment in order to eliminate renal insufficiency. Our examinations were performed with a Siemens 16-slice scanner. These were axial slices performed without, with iodine injection from the pulmonary base to the pubic bones. <strong>Results: </strong>We had collected 17 patients out of 541 scans<em> i.e.</em> a frequency of 3.76%. The age range of 21 to 40 years was 58.8% with an average age of 25 years. The antecedents (ATCD) found were urinary bilharzia (47%) and smoking (17%). The clinic was dominated by haematuria. It was associated with a bladder mass (52%) and dysuria (23.52%). The CT scan showed a budding appearance, a size greater than 3 cm (82%), infiltration of peri-vesical fat (47.05%), and adenopathy (94%). Associated lesions were: utero-hydronephrosis (58.82%) and metastases (bone and liver in 11.76% of cases each). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>They are frequent and the history of urinary bilharziasis remains the main risk factor in endemic countries. CT scans are essential in the management of this disease. The diagnosis of certainty remains histology.
文摘The Mako area, located in eastern Sénégal</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> constitute</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a segment of Paleoproterozoic (Birimian) formations of the Kédougou-Kéniéba Inliers (KKI) in the western part of the West African craton.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The basic volcanism of the Birimian formations of the KKI has long been considered to be related to a single magmatic event associated with a Mid Oceanic Ridge Basalts (MORB) setting.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this paper is to demonstrate on the basis of the architectural characteristics of the granitoids dark enclaves, the occurrence of at least two distinct phases of basic Magamtism in the Birimian of the KKI.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The methodology consists of a cartography, a petrographic and architectural characterization of the dark enclaves within the Mako granitoids, in order to constrain their spatial and temporal relationships with the granitic magma. The results obtained are compared with those of the bibliography. We have pinpointed two types of enclaves depending on their shapes and the characteristics of t
文摘The tectonic structures of the Mako area in the Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier (KKI) were mapped with tele-analytical investigation which is validated by field data. This study is based on different images processing in particular: </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) the colored combinations (1 to 5) and panchromatic (8) thematic mapping bands of the Landsat-8 (ETM</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) satellite;</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) image of Space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM);</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) airborne geophysics (aeromagnetic and radiometric) images. In these images, four major directions of lineaments NS, NNE-SSW, NW-SE and EW would be related to the tectonic structures, have been identified and mapped. Field data confirm these four structural directions and show that most of these lineaments are related to faults, shear and/or thrust zones, or even basic rock dykes. N-S to NE-SW oriented lineaments are more frequent followed by those NW-SE oriented. These two directions of lineaments are generally in correlation with trajectories of major sinistral shear zones in the Mako area. They would be associated with the S</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2a</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and S</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2b</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> schistosities relative to the D</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Eburnean major deformation. They often intersect the E-W oriented lineaments which are less frequent and sometimes folded and crenulated. This E-W oriented linea</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ment would be prior and are asso
文摘Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.
文摘Convective heat transfer coefficients, materializing exchanges between solid wall (here typha) and its environment, influence its behavior under excitation pulse. Temperature of wall and its density of flow vary with these coefficients according to its thickness (in depth). This study therefore focuses on the evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient on front face and the optimal insulation thickness.
文摘Energy consumption in the building sector is constantly increasing and represents more than 44% in the residential and tertiary sectors in many <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">countries</span><span style="color:#C45911;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[1]</span><span></span><span><span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Thus, the building represents a real possibility of energy saving and is the subject of several studies particularly in actual context of experimentation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with materials based on plant fibers (hemp, flax, millet wastage, etc.). These biobased materials such as typha have shown real interest in the buildings construction due to their light and porous nature. It’s in this context that we were interested in typha australis mixed with classic aggregates (cement, sand, gravel 3/8) to make typha’s concrete. On this concrete, we carried out experimental measurements in order to better understand its contributions in the building. The interesting results obtained show that typha australis, which is an invasive and harmful grass, can be valued and integrated among local building materials in the form of typha’s concrete in order to improve the energy efficiency of buildings.</span>
文摘The construction industry in Senegal is experiencing an upsurge in the development of residential housing units and administrative buildings within the new Diamniadio municipality, an area located just about 35 km from the capital city of Dakar. Laboratory oedometer or expansive-index tests, however, show poor density and compromised shear strength in the soil samples within the area -posing serious construction problems due to significant volume changes (swellings) that occur when subjected to moisture, thus, bringing into question the structural performance integrity of the soil, and the financial implications of substitute soil types used to compensate for its poor tensile strength. By way, the companies collect the soil of this location (Diamniadio) and throw it to make pile or micro-pile (pious) for their structures. This article demonstrates how we can value the soil of Diamniadio and the Typha Australis in residential building with a reasonable cost. Typha Australis is a plant generally luxuriant within the northern and central belts of Senegal but also known for its negative ecological impacts on the agricultural production of rice. The valorisation of the soil of Diamniadio will pass by the ability to increase its stability or to decrease its shrinkage/swelling rate. When we achieve it, the soil associate with Typha Australis will be used for small bricks which can be useful for partition wall and so the soil will not be ever thrown as a non-useful material. Tests results of soil specimens extracted from the site show a shrinkage rate of 29.19% with estimated cracking depths of 3.5 cm. But by adding gradually Typha Australis, the shrinkage rate will pass from 29.19% to 5.13% with the material treats with 10% by mass of Typha Australis. Moreover, the crackings in the cylindrical specimen disappear. That shows the increase of the stability;thus the composition will be used for building bricks. However, the densities will also be affected by the presence of Typha Australis. The density is decreased from 203
文摘The study is carried out in imperfect contact with a concrete slab wall attached to a panel based on rice straw compressed in a dynamic frequency regime. We will propose the characterization of thermal insulation for thermal resistance of contact (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">x</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.05 m). The impact of heat exchange coefficients on the front face (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">x</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0 m) and the rear face (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">x</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.1 m) on these resistors is shown.</span>
