Background: Young women of reproductive age experience various physiological changes, which they measure and track using various devices, including fitness trackers and smartwatches. However, fitness tracking assessme...Background: Young women of reproductive age experience various physiological changes, which they measure and track using various devices, including fitness trackers and smartwatches. However, fitness tracking assessment methods are ambiguous because they may differ from model to model. Objective: This study aimed to compare the stress level, heart rate, sleep time, number of steps, and distance traveled, which were calculated using fitness tracking methods for daily-life free activity installed in various smartwatches. Materials and Methodology: Healthy women in their 20s to 30s were recruited for this study, which was conducted from December 2021 to June 2022. The finalized participants wore three different smartwatch models (Mi smartband 6, vivosmart<sup>®</sup>4, and Band 6) simultaneously on their person for 48 hours and performed their daily activities and recorded them on an hour-based activity chart. Each smartwatch’s measured data (e.g., age, height, weight, and oral medications) were extracted into five datasets: heart rate, stress level, number of steps, distance, and sleep time. Data analyses were conducted using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient ρ (for comparing heart rates) and Bland-Altman plots (for assessing heart rate agreement). The smartwatches’ fitness trackers were compared using the mean absolute percentage error. Results: The correlation coefficient showed that vivosmart<sup>®</sup>4 and Band 6 had a higher heart rate agreement (ρ = 0.684). The Bland-Altman plots showed high agreement between Band 6, Mi smartband 6, and vivosmart<sup>®</sup>4. The heart rate measurement method used under free movement was found to be consistent. The examined smartwatches were able to measure heart rate at the same level even under daily-life free movements. Conclusion: Several different smartwatches’ calculated measured values for heart rate had a high agreement. The smartwatches provided accurate heart rate measurements under daily-life free movement conditions. Furthermore, the calculat展开更多
The global incidence of postpartum depression is estimated at approximately 10% - 20%. A lack of partner support is a key factor associated with perinatal depression. This study examined the effects of an educational ...The global incidence of postpartum depression is estimated at approximately 10% - 20%. A lack of partner support is a key factor associated with perinatal depression. This study examined the effects of an educational intervention that provided information for the prevention and early detection of postpartum depression to first-time mothers and fathers who participated in a “First-Time Parent Class.” The study was utilized quasi-experimental research, conducted first with the control group and followed by an assessment of the intervention group. Mothers were assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and the Japan Child and Family Research Institute Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire. Fathers’ assessments were conducted using the Japan Child and Family Research Institute Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire for Fathers and were based on responses to questions regarding their coping strategies. Data were obtained from 158 data (72 interventions, 86 controls) couples analyzed. No significant difference was found between mothers’ child-rearing difficulty and depression score rates in the first month after childbirth. There was a difference among fathers in the control group and those in the intervention group regarding their responses to maternal depression: the “consult family” (p = 0.035), “consult friends” (p = 0.033), and “consult the city health center” (p = 0.047) variables were higher in the intervention group;however, the effect size was small. Providing first-time parents with information during pregnancy to prevent and detect postpartum depression will deepen parents’ understanding and help them cope with postpartum depression.展开更多
BACKGROUND It remains unclear which factors,such as tumor volume and tumor invasion,influence circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),and the origin of ctDNA in liquid biopsy is always problematic.To use liquid biopsies clinical...BACKGROUND It remains unclear which factors,such as tumor volume and tumor invasion,influence circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),and the origin of ctDNA in liquid biopsy is always problematic.To use liquid biopsies clinically,it will be very important to address these questions.AIM To assess the origin of ctDNA,clarify the dynamics of ctDNA levels,assess ctDNA levels by using a xenograft mouse after treatment,and to determine whether tumor volume and invasion are related to ctDNA levels.METHODS Tumor xenotransplants were established by inoculating BALB/c-nu/nu mice with the TE11 cell line.Groups of mice were injected with xenografts at two or four sites and sacrificed at the appropriate time point after xenotransplantation for ctDNA analysis.Analysis of ctDNA was performed by droplet digital PCR,using the human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)gene.RESULTS Mice given two-site xenografts were sacrificed for ctDNA at week 4 and week 8.No hTERT was detected at week 4,but it was detected at week 8.However,in four-site xenograft mice,hTERT was detected both at week 4 and week 6.These experiments revealed that both tumor invasion and tumor volume were asso ciated with the detection of ctDNA.In resection experiments,hTERT was detected at resection,but had decreased by 6 h,and was no longer detected 1 and 3 d after resection.CONCLUSION We clarified the origin and dynamics of ctDNA,showing that tumor volume is an important factor.We also found that when the tumor was completely resected,ctDNA was absent after one or more days.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric linitis plastica(GLP)is a subset of gastric cancer with a poor prognosis.It is difficult to obtain a definitive diagnosis by endoscopic mucosal biopsies,and the usefulness of an endoscopic ultrasono...BACKGROUND Gastric linitis plastica(GLP)is a subset of gastric cancer with a poor prognosis.It is difficult to obtain a definitive diagnosis by endoscopic mucosal biopsies,and the usefulness of an endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUSFNB)for GLP has been recently reported.Meanwhile,autoimmune diseases are occasionally known to coexist with malignant tumors as paraneoplastic syndrome.We herein report the usefulness of an EUS-FNB for detecting GLP and the possibility of paraneoplastic syndrome coexisting with GLP.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a 1-mo history of epigastric pain that increased after eating.His laboratory data revealed high levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and immunoglobulin-G4.Endoscopic examinations showed giant gastric folds and reddish mucosa;however,no epithelial changes were observed.The gastric lumen was not distensible by air inflation,suggesting GLP.Computed tomography showed the thickened gastric wall,the diffuse enlargement of the pancreas,and the peripancreatic rim,which suggested autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)coexisting with GLP.Because the pathological findings of the endoscopic biopsy showed no malignancy,he underwent an EUSFNB and was diagnosed with GLP.He received chemotherapy for unresectable gastric cancer due to peritoneal metastasis,after which both the gastric wall thickening and diffuse enlargement of the pancreas were improved.CONCLUSION An EUS-FNB for GLP with a negative endoscopic biopsy is useful,and AIP may develop as a paraneoplastic syndrome.展开更多
Precipitation phenomena in Type 316L and 304L stainless steels were studied mainly by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations after cold-rolling ranging from 0% (as solution annealed) to 80% reduction in ...Precipitation phenomena in Type 316L and 304L stainless steels were studied mainly by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations after cold-rolling ranging from 0% (as solution annealed) to 80% reduction in thickness, and then by sensitization treatment. Precipitates were identified by electron diffraction analysis and EDS analysis. Precipitates observed in sensitized 316L stainless steel were sigma and chi phases, whereas carbide and sigma were observed in sensitized 304L stainless steel. Recrystallized grains were formed in 30% cold-rolled and sensitized 304L. However, the tendency toward recrystallization in sensitized 316L was much lower than in 304L. Precipitation of sigma and chi phases was accelerated by cold-rolling and they were observed at grain boundaries in lower cold-rolling; they were also seen, in grain interiors in higher cold-rolling. Higher deformation induced partially recrystallization combined with precipitation, resulting in the formation of heterogeneous microstructures.展开更多
The diagnosis of climacteric disorders in gynecology is performed on the basis of symptoms rather than hormonal levels. Generally, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increases when the 17β-estradiol (E2) le...The diagnosis of climacteric disorders in gynecology is performed on the basis of symptoms rather than hormonal levels. Generally, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increases when the 17β-estradiol (E2) level decreases in menopause. However, the problem of these hormones should be determined by strict timing of sampling, and there are individual specificities of decreases of hormone levels. We considered that anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) can be measured at any time of the menstrual cycle and that it shows ovary functional decline earlier than FSH/E2, and we examined whether AMH would possibly become a good index for climacteric disorders. The subjects were 163 healthy females and 21 patients with climacteric disorders between 20 and 59 years old. We examined AMH, FSH and E2 at the same time. It is understood that in healthy females, AMH decreases with age and a decline in ovary function occurs at a relatively early age. Patients visiting clinics for climacteric disorders often have normal-range serum FSH/E2 levels, and it is clear that these values could not serve as indices of menopause at these inspections. Upon measurement of AMH in patients with climacteric disorders, most showed less than normal range (< 14 pmol/L), suggesting a decline in ovarian function. In addition, AMH was low in females with climacteric disorders compared with those without them. In conclusion, AMH was suggested as an objective index for climacteric disorders and possibly as a new diagnostic marker.展开更多
文摘Background: Young women of reproductive age experience various physiological changes, which they measure and track using various devices, including fitness trackers and smartwatches. However, fitness tracking assessment methods are ambiguous because they may differ from model to model. Objective: This study aimed to compare the stress level, heart rate, sleep time, number of steps, and distance traveled, which were calculated using fitness tracking methods for daily-life free activity installed in various smartwatches. Materials and Methodology: Healthy women in their 20s to 30s were recruited for this study, which was conducted from December 2021 to June 2022. The finalized participants wore three different smartwatch models (Mi smartband 6, vivosmart<sup>®</sup>4, and Band 6) simultaneously on their person for 48 hours and performed their daily activities and recorded them on an hour-based activity chart. Each smartwatch’s measured data (e.g., age, height, weight, and oral medications) were extracted into five datasets: heart rate, stress level, number of steps, distance, and sleep time. Data analyses were conducted using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient ρ (for comparing heart rates) and Bland-Altman plots (for assessing heart rate agreement). The smartwatches’ fitness trackers were compared using the mean absolute percentage error. Results: The correlation coefficient showed that vivosmart<sup>®</sup>4 and Band 6 had a higher heart rate agreement (ρ = 0.684). The Bland-Altman plots showed high agreement between Band 6, Mi smartband 6, and vivosmart<sup>®</sup>4. The heart rate measurement method used under free movement was found to be consistent. The examined smartwatches were able to measure heart rate at the same level even under daily-life free movements. Conclusion: Several different smartwatches’ calculated measured values for heart rate had a high agreement. The smartwatches provided accurate heart rate measurements under daily-life free movement conditions. Furthermore, the calculat
文摘The global incidence of postpartum depression is estimated at approximately 10% - 20%. A lack of partner support is a key factor associated with perinatal depression. This study examined the effects of an educational intervention that provided information for the prevention and early detection of postpartum depression to first-time mothers and fathers who participated in a “First-Time Parent Class.” The study was utilized quasi-experimental research, conducted first with the control group and followed by an assessment of the intervention group. Mothers were assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and the Japan Child and Family Research Institute Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire. Fathers’ assessments were conducted using the Japan Child and Family Research Institute Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire for Fathers and were based on responses to questions regarding their coping strategies. Data were obtained from 158 data (72 interventions, 86 controls) couples analyzed. No significant difference was found between mothers’ child-rearing difficulty and depression score rates in the first month after childbirth. There was a difference among fathers in the control group and those in the intervention group regarding their responses to maternal depression: the “consult family” (p = 0.035), “consult friends” (p = 0.033), and “consult the city health center” (p = 0.047) variables were higher in the intervention group;however, the effect size was small. Providing first-time parents with information during pregnancy to prevent and detect postpartum depression will deepen parents’ understanding and help them cope with postpartum depression.
文摘BACKGROUND It remains unclear which factors,such as tumor volume and tumor invasion,influence circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),and the origin of ctDNA in liquid biopsy is always problematic.To use liquid biopsies clinically,it will be very important to address these questions.AIM To assess the origin of ctDNA,clarify the dynamics of ctDNA levels,assess ctDNA levels by using a xenograft mouse after treatment,and to determine whether tumor volume and invasion are related to ctDNA levels.METHODS Tumor xenotransplants were established by inoculating BALB/c-nu/nu mice with the TE11 cell line.Groups of mice were injected with xenografts at two or four sites and sacrificed at the appropriate time point after xenotransplantation for ctDNA analysis.Analysis of ctDNA was performed by droplet digital PCR,using the human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)gene.RESULTS Mice given two-site xenografts were sacrificed for ctDNA at week 4 and week 8.No hTERT was detected at week 4,but it was detected at week 8.However,in four-site xenograft mice,hTERT was detected both at week 4 and week 6.These experiments revealed that both tumor invasion and tumor volume were asso ciated with the detection of ctDNA.In resection experiments,hTERT was detected at resection,but had decreased by 6 h,and was no longer detected 1 and 3 d after resection.CONCLUSION We clarified the origin and dynamics of ctDNA,showing that tumor volume is an important factor.We also found that when the tumor was completely resected,ctDNA was absent after one or more days.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric linitis plastica(GLP)is a subset of gastric cancer with a poor prognosis.It is difficult to obtain a definitive diagnosis by endoscopic mucosal biopsies,and the usefulness of an endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUSFNB)for GLP has been recently reported.Meanwhile,autoimmune diseases are occasionally known to coexist with malignant tumors as paraneoplastic syndrome.We herein report the usefulness of an EUS-FNB for detecting GLP and the possibility of paraneoplastic syndrome coexisting with GLP.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a 1-mo history of epigastric pain that increased after eating.His laboratory data revealed high levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and immunoglobulin-G4.Endoscopic examinations showed giant gastric folds and reddish mucosa;however,no epithelial changes were observed.The gastric lumen was not distensible by air inflation,suggesting GLP.Computed tomography showed the thickened gastric wall,the diffuse enlargement of the pancreas,and the peripancreatic rim,which suggested autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)coexisting with GLP.Because the pathological findings of the endoscopic biopsy showed no malignancy,he underwent an EUSFNB and was diagnosed with GLP.He received chemotherapy for unresectable gastric cancer due to peritoneal metastasis,after which both the gastric wall thickening and diffuse enlargement of the pancreas were improved.CONCLUSION An EUS-FNB for GLP with a negative endoscopic biopsy is useful,and AIP may develop as a paraneoplastic syndrome.
文摘Precipitation phenomena in Type 316L and 304L stainless steels were studied mainly by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations after cold-rolling ranging from 0% (as solution annealed) to 80% reduction in thickness, and then by sensitization treatment. Precipitates were identified by electron diffraction analysis and EDS analysis. Precipitates observed in sensitized 316L stainless steel were sigma and chi phases, whereas carbide and sigma were observed in sensitized 304L stainless steel. Recrystallized grains were formed in 30% cold-rolled and sensitized 304L. However, the tendency toward recrystallization in sensitized 316L was much lower than in 304L. Precipitation of sigma and chi phases was accelerated by cold-rolling and they were observed at grain boundaries in lower cold-rolling; they were also seen, in grain interiors in higher cold-rolling. Higher deformation induced partially recrystallization combined with precipitation, resulting in the formation of heterogeneous microstructures.
文摘The diagnosis of climacteric disorders in gynecology is performed on the basis of symptoms rather than hormonal levels. Generally, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increases when the 17β-estradiol (E2) level decreases in menopause. However, the problem of these hormones should be determined by strict timing of sampling, and there are individual specificities of decreases of hormone levels. We considered that anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) can be measured at any time of the menstrual cycle and that it shows ovary functional decline earlier than FSH/E2, and we examined whether AMH would possibly become a good index for climacteric disorders. The subjects were 163 healthy females and 21 patients with climacteric disorders between 20 and 59 years old. We examined AMH, FSH and E2 at the same time. It is understood that in healthy females, AMH decreases with age and a decline in ovary function occurs at a relatively early age. Patients visiting clinics for climacteric disorders often have normal-range serum FSH/E2 levels, and it is clear that these values could not serve as indices of menopause at these inspections. Upon measurement of AMH in patients with climacteric disorders, most showed less than normal range (< 14 pmol/L), suggesting a decline in ovarian function. In addition, AMH was low in females with climacteric disorders compared with those without them. In conclusion, AMH was suggested as an objective index for climacteric disorders and possibly as a new diagnostic marker.
