Introduction: In recent decades, the cost of postoperative pain has been the subject of many studies based on protocols developed by scientific societies for its assessment and optimization. At the Regional Hospital o...Introduction: In recent decades, the cost of postoperative pain has been the subject of many studies based on protocols developed by scientific societies for its assessment and optimization. At the Regional Hospital of Saint-Louis (Senegal), several protocols have been developed for pain management, but no study has focused on the assessment of postoperative pain management specifically. We therefore initiated this work, the objectives of which were to remind the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological bases of postoperative pain, and to analyze the assessment and management of this pain in patients who have undergone a caesarean section. Materials and methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study, which took place in the gynecology-obstetrics department, over a period from January 2019 to July 2020. All patients who gave birth by cesarean section were included. The data was collected from a survey sheet written for this purpose. For each of the patients, the information was taken every day throughout the duration of postoperative hospitalization. Results: It appears from our work that after a cesarean section, the pain felt evolves on the first postoperative days with a peak during the second day. As in the data reported in the literature, there does not seem to be a difference in terms of pain intensity and analgesia dosage between scheduled and emergency caesarean sections. However, young age and female gender—for other types of surgeries—are risk factors associated with high postoperative pain scores. This trend is probably related to the low pain experience of tested patients. Our initial hypothesis was that acute post-operative pain after caesarean sections could be linked to defects in the perception and processing of pain by caregivers. Indeed, we have shown that awareness-raising, information, and training actions have made it possible to significantly improve the management of pain after a cesarean section. Conclusion: After a cesarean section the pain is intense, especially when the effects 展开更多
Introduction: The improvement of survival in patients with cancer and the expansion of therapeutic options have led to the emergence of a new profile of cardiotoxicity, specifically associated with antimitotic agents....Introduction: The improvement of survival in patients with cancer and the expansion of therapeutic options have led to the emergence of a new profile of cardiotoxicity, specifically associated with antimitotic agents. Our study aimed to assess the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myocardial toxicity in patients with cancer. Patients and Methods: We conducted a looking-forward longitudinal cohort study including all patients admitted to the Cardiology departments of Aristide le Dantec Hospital and Dalal Jamm National Hospital Centre for apre-chemotherapy check-up. The included patients did not undergo any pre-existing cardiopathy. Results: Over a period of two years ranging from January 2019 to December 2021, a total of 37 patients were included in the study. Notably, there was a female predominance (92%) with an average age of 49.7 years ± 13.69. Breast cancer accounted for 70% of the neoplasms. Laboratory findings revealed moderate anemia in 19 patients (51%). At inclusion, the left ventricle (LV) was of normal size (LV diastole at 44.46 ± 4.97 mm). The systolic function of the left ventricle was normal in all patients, with an average ejection fraction (EF) of 63.1% ± 5.80 and a mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) of −20.4% ± 2.58. The most commonly used agents were anthracyclines. During follow-up, 3 patients (8.1%) developed clinical symptoms of left heart failure, and LV dysfunction on echocardiography was observed in 5 (13.5%) patients, with a significant decrease in EF Conclusion: The incidence of cardiac toxicity is not negligible, hence the importance of early screening. Strain imaging is an essential tool that should be performed as part of the assessment before chemotherapy and re-evaluated during treatment.展开更多
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases constitute a major public health problem, due to their morbi-mortality. The aim was to study knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among residents of Dakar. Patients and Meth...Introduction: Non-communicable diseases constitute a major public health problem, due to their morbi-mortality. The aim was to study knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among residents of Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Our investigations were recruited over a six-month period (October 17, 2021 to March 21, 2022). Results: Two hundred and twenty-six (226) patients were enrolled. The mean age was 45.9 years. The under-40 age group was the most represented with 37.2%. There were 129 men (57.1%), giving a male/female sex ratio of 1.33. The highest level was represented by 159 people (70.4%). Those who responded (heart disease) were in the majority (38.1%). Hypertension was the most common CVD for 101 people (44.7%). One hundred and ninety (190) people (84%) knew the risk factors for CVD. Good knowledge of risk factors concerned 103 people (54.2%). Obesity was the best-known risk factor in 156 cases (69%). The media was the most important source of information for 121 people (53.5%). Hypertensives were the most represented with 8.4%. One hundred and thirty (130) people (57.5%) had previously paid attention to these FDRCVs. Awareness campaigns were the most effective means of communication for 170 cases (75.2%). Sixteen (16) people (35.6%) were taking antihypertensive medication. Walking was the most popular physical activity for 102 people (45%). People with a balanced diet were in the majority, with 174 respondents (77.0%). Conclusion: NCDs are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is essential to develop and implement a prevention and management program.展开更多
Protein is essential for the growth and maintenance of the body. They play a crucial role in different biological processes. This study focuses on comparing the protein contents of local rice grown in the Senegal Rive...Protein is essential for the growth and maintenance of the body. They play a crucial role in different biological processes. This study focuses on comparing the protein contents of local rice grown in the Senegal River valley and rice imported from Asia. The objective is to evaluate the importance of the protein nutritional value of local rice compared to imported rice. Protein contents were determined using the Kjeldahl method. The results of the protein assays show that local rice varieties such as Sahel 108 and Sahel 134 grown in the Thilène basins had protein percentages comparable to those of imported rice. The protein percentages were 15.19% ± 0.91% for the Sahel 108 variety and 16.62% ± 0.01% for the Sahel 134 variety compared to 15.8% ± 0.01% on average for imported rice. Thus from the point of view of protein content, local rice has a nutritional value identical to that of imported rice which it can validly replace. It is important in Senegal to encourage local production, which would make it possible to reduce imports on the one hand and to make quality rice available to the local Senegalese market on the other. Sahel varieties with high protein contents deserve large-scale development to meet the country’s protein needs.展开更多
Introduction: Systemic diseases are a variety of heterogeneous autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases and syndromes usually affecting multiple systems and resulting from immune system dysregulation. We evaluated ...Introduction: Systemic diseases are a variety of heterogeneous autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases and syndromes usually affecting multiple systems and resulting from immune system dysregulation. We evaluated risk factors for depression and anxiety in an autoimmune disease cohort compared with diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, case-control survey comparing two groups: individuals with connective tissue disease (CTD) and diabetic controls who were followed within three Dakar University hospitals during the period from April to June 2023. Results: The sample comprised 106 participants, of whom 51 (48%) had CTD and 55 (52%) served as diabetic controls. In the CTD group, the majority had lupus (19) and rheumatoid arthritis (23). The CTD patients had a mean age of 41.0 years (SD 16.9), while the diabetic patients had a mean age of 55.9 years (SD 11.7), with a significant difference observed (p Conclusion: Compared to a chronic disease, devastating in Africa and evolving over the long term, autoimmune diseases are more strongly and more frequently associated with anxiety and depression. This is a factor to be taken into account in the holistic management of these patients.展开更多
Introduction: Infections are additional factors of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM), and the current recommendation is antibiotic prophylaxis. In sub-Saharan Africa, few data on infectious complication...Introduction: Infections are additional factors of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM), and the current recommendation is antibiotic prophylaxis. In sub-Saharan Africa, few data on infectious complications of MM are available. We aim to describe the microbiological features of infections in MM, and their impact on survival in Senegalese patients. Methods: A retrospective (January 2005-January 2022), analytic, multicenter study on infections in patients followed for MM (IMWG criteria) in Senegalese clinical hematology services. The socio-epidemiological, diagnostic, microbiological, evolutionary and survival aspects were analyzed. Results: The study included 106 patients with multiple myeloma who had an infection at admission or during the treatment. Ten patients have the comorbidity (hypertension, lupus, type 2 diabetes). These patients had 136 infectious events identified at diagnosis (79.2%) or during chemotherapy (20.8%). The sites of infection are lung (42.6%), urinary (29.4%), dermatological (6.6%), digestive (5.2%), osteoarticular (4.4%), ear, nose and throat (3.7%), central nervous system (1.5%), or without site. We recorded 26.4% of patients with multi-site infections. The causal pathogens are bacteria (Gram-negative bacilli: 22.1%;Gram positive bacilli: 9.5%, Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 13.3%), parasitique (plasmodium falciparum 6.6%), viruses (SARS-COV2: 2.9%, VZV: 2.2%) and fungal (2.9%). Survival was reduced in patients who had an infection at the time of multiple myeloma diagnosis (p: 0.189) and those who had multiple infectious foci (p: 0.011). Conclusion: Infections in multiple myeloma are more frequent at diagnosis. The germs are varied and mostly bacteria, particularly gram-negative bacteria, and Kochs bacillus. Our study reveals that multiple infectious foci are a poor prognosis factor. It is necessary to evaluate the infectious risk early, and to adopt an antibiotic prophylaxis based on our tropical environment.展开更多
In the Saloum region of central-western Senegal, water needs are essentially met by tapping an underground aquifer associated with the sandy-clay formations of the Continental Terminal, in contact with both the ocean ...In the Saloum region of central-western Senegal, water needs are essentially met by tapping an underground aquifer associated with the sandy-clay formations of the Continental Terminal, in contact with both the ocean to the west and the highly saline waters of the Saloum River to the north. In this estuarine and deltaic zone with its very low relief, the hydraulic loads in the water tables are generally close to zero or even negative, creating a reversal of the natural flow and encouraging saline intrusion into this system, which makes it very vulnerable. This study concerns the implementation of a numerical model of saline intrusion to provide a better understanding of the vulnerability of the water table by analyzing the variability of the freshwater/saltwater interface. The Modflow-2005 code is used to simulate saline intrusion using the SWI2 module, coupled with the GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) software under the Linux operating system with the steep interface approach. The probable expansion of the wedge is studied in three scenarios, taking into account its position relative to the bedrock at 1 m, 5 m and 10 m. Simulations carried out under imposed potential and river conditions, based on variations in groundwater reserves using two effective porosity values, 10−1 and 10−2, show that the water table is highly vulnerable in the northwest sector. The probable expansion of the wedge increases as the storage coefficient decreases and is more marked with river conditions in the areas surrounding the Saloum River, reaching 6 km with a probability of 1. The probability of the wedge reaching a certain degree of expansion decreases from 1 to 0.5, and then cancels out as it moves inland. The probable position of the wedge is limited to 500 m or even 1 km depending on the corner around the coast to the southwest and in the southern zone. This modelling, carried out under natural conditions, will be developed further, taking into account climatic parameters and pumping from wells and borehol展开更多
Purpose: High urinary retention (HUR) can negatively impact renal function. Our study aimed to present the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of HUR in a Senegalese academic hospital. Patients and Me...Purpose: High urinary retention (HUR) can negatively impact renal function. Our study aimed to present the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of HUR in a Senegalese academic hospital. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 70 patients with HUR associated with renal failure from January 2017 to December 2020. Parameters examined included: age, sex, coexisting conditions affecting renal function, clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, causes of HUR, urinary diversion, and patient outcomes. Results: The average age was 66, with a majority of male patients (87%). Twenty-three patients had pre-existing medical conditions. Oligo-anuria was the most common reason for detecting HUR (70%). Half of the patients had an ECOG score ≥ 2. The mean creatinine level was 50.7 mg/l. Nineteen patients exhibited hydroelectrolytic disorders. Bacterial colonization was observed in 25 patients. Ultrasound and computed tomography were the most frequently performed imaging tests (100% and 62.8%, respectively). Sixty-seven patients had ureterohydronephrosis (UHN), with bilateral UHN in 88.6% of cases. Pelvic cancers (47.1%) were the primary cause of HUR, primarily bladder cancers (27.1%). Nephrostomy was the most common urinary drainage method (50%), particularly for obstructions due to pelvic cancer (88.6%). The majority of patients (52.8%) regained normal renal function after drainage. Nineteen deaths occurred among elderly patients with compromised general health. Conclusion: Urinary drainage significantly improved renal function for most patients. Pelvic cancer emerged as the leading cause of HUR. Nephrostomy was the predominant drainage method.展开更多
Introduction: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathies (AP) represent a group of rare concomitant pathologies, making them underdiagnosed. The objective was to study their profile at the Medical Clinic II of the Abass Ndao Hos...Introduction: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathies (AP) represent a group of rare concomitant pathologies, making them underdiagnosed. The objective was to study their profile at the Medical Clinic II of the Abass Ndao Hospital. Patients and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and analytical study, lasting 24 months, from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. We assessed the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the patients and classified the APs found. Results: We included 40 patients divided into type III (38 cases) and IV (2 cases). A female predominance was noted with a sex ratio of 0.21. The mean age was 38.6 years. A family history of component diseases of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) was found in 62.5%. Goiter (80%) was the main clinical sign present. All 38 patients with ISAP-3 had autoimmune thyroiditis, including 29 cases of Graves’ disease (72.5%) and 9 cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (22.5%). They were associated with either type 1 diabetes (57.9%), Biermer’s disease (21.1%), vitiligo + alopecia (18.4%), lupus (2.6%). The 2 patients with AP-4 had Biermer’s disease associated with either Addison’s disease or type 1 diabetes. Management depended on the pathologies present and their possible complications. The immunological phenomena were also controlled. Conclusion: This series is globally similar to the literature. The polymorphous character of the clinical pictures requires a better collaboration between specialists leading to a clinical and holistic synthesis.展开更多
West Africa was hit by an unprecedented drought in the 1970’s and 1980’s years, with dramatic consequences for surface and groundwater resources. In the context of climate change, there are many studies for the pred...West Africa was hit by an unprecedented drought in the 1970’s and 1980’s years, with dramatic consequences for surface and groundwater resources. In the context of climate change, there are many studies for the prediction of the increase in the occurrence of these droughts. To predict this situation in the Senegalese region, it is necessary to use regional climate models, which carrying out the study. This work deals with the interest to examine the capacity of the RCMs (regional climate models) in order to reproduce the deficit on the 1970’s year rainfall in Senegal. In this work, we used daily precipitation data from five (5) regional climate models to characterize the droughts in Senegal by using the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) on different time scales (3, 6, 12 and 24 months). For this purpose, the index was calculated over two distinct periods: 1951-1969 and 1970-1990. The results show that the period 1970-1990 was drier than the period 1951-1969. For the zonal average, the results show that the North of Senegal was more affected by this deficit rainfall than the South part. The analysis of the interannual variability of rainfall for some stations in Senegal shows that the drought did not start at the same time throughout the zone.展开更多
This study presents various approaches to calculating the bearing capacity of spread footings applied to the rock mass of the western corniche at the tip of the Dakar peninsula. The bearing capacity was estimated usin...This study presents various approaches to calculating the bearing capacity of spread footings applied to the rock mass of the western corniche at the tip of the Dakar peninsula. The bearing capacity was estimated using empirical, analytical and numerical approaches based on the parameters of the rock mass and the foundation. Laboratory tests were carried out on basanite, as well as on the other facies detected. The results of these studies give a range of allowable bearing capacity values varying between 1.92 and 11.39 MPa for the empirical methods and from 7.13 to 25.50 MPa for the analytical methods. A wide dispersion of results was observed according to the different approaches. This dispersion of results is explained by the use of different rock parameters depending on the method used. The allowable bearing capacity results obtained with varying approaches of calculation remain admissible to support the loads. On the other hand, the foundation calculations show acceptable settlement of the order of a millimeter for all the layers, especially in the thin clay layers resting on the bedrock at shallow depths, where the rigidity of the rock reduces settlement.展开更多
This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considerin...This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considering the different relief units was adopted. Woody vegetation was surveyed using a dendrometric approach. The results obtained show that the flora is dominated by a few species adapted to drought, such as Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Calotropis procera Ait. and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.). The distribution of this flora and the structure of the ligneous plants are linked to the topography. In the lowlands, the flora is more diversified and the ligneous plants reach their optimum level of development compared with the higher relief areas. In the lowlands, there are a few woody species which, in the past, were indicative of better climatic conditions. These are Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.), Commiphora africana (A. Rich.), Feretia apodanthera Del., Loeseneriella africana (A. Smith), Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). It is important that their reintroduction into reforestation projects takes account of their edaphic preference.展开更多
Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory pathologies worldwide. The cost of its treatment, particularly for populations in developing countries like Senegal, requires an alternative which consists of devel...Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory pathologies worldwide. The cost of its treatment, particularly for populations in developing countries like Senegal, requires an alternative which consists of developing research into new therapeutic approaches with the use of plants from traditional pharmacopoeia. The objective of this study was to determine whether the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves has a preventive effect on the constriction of tracheal smooth muscle induced by Acetylcholine in Wistar strain rats. Methods: The species used in our experiments were male Wistar rats aged between 12 and 14 weeks. Rings of rat trachea were suspended in isolated organ chambers connected to tension sensors. Two pharmacological agents were used: acetylcholine, for its constrictor effect and adrenaline, for its dilating effect on the pulmonary trachea. Our plant material consisted of a hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. The experimental protocol was that of the preventive model which consisted of impregnating these rings with the extract at a defined concentration then testing its contractility in the presence of Acetylcholine which was the contractile agonist used in this study. The preventive effect of the extract was studied with an Acetylcholine contraction range on rings pre-incubated with Terminalia avicennioides extract. Results: The results showed that Acetylcholine contracts the trachea and the increase in its contractility was dependent on the dose of Ach added cumulatively (10<sup>−5</sup> to 4 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mol/l). The administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves led to a modification of the contractile response to Acetylcholine. Indeed, this extract induced a significant attenuation of the contractile responses of the treated tracheal rings compared to those untreated. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides had a relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle and this effect could play an important role in the prevent展开更多
The fishing survey station located in the warm waters of the East China Sea is one of the abundant fishery resources of waters;with a large number of economic fish breeding grounds and economic juvenile feeding ground...The fishing survey station located in the warm waters of the East China Sea is one of the abundant fishery resources of waters;with a large number of economic fish breeding grounds and economic juvenile feeding grounds. Several fish species according to this bottom trawl survey results which appear in the annual survey from winter to autumn give us a total of 58 species, which have appeared throughout the year. But the vast majority of species appears only in certain seasons, according to the sea fish survey and based on seasonal migratory species or species mainly small endemic species. The survey of fish is tropical and subtropical warm water species and warm temperate species, and the history of the area has several types of 397 different species. There are many reasons, in addition to recent years, human disturbance and adverse consequences of environmental changes brought about, but also with the relevant sampling methods and sampler time, the survey sampled only trawl based, from Ping yang Ocean and Fisheries Bureau, the waters are still other jobs method net, gill nets, fishing industry, etc. Survey results show that the type of fish in the summer (58 species) > spring (55 species) > winter (51 species) > autumn (42 species). The type of season was among spring to summer rose, summer to autumn decline. The survey found that in the reef area of the Nanji Islands, no one species of fish is the dominant species throughout the year (according to the dominant species, each species is dominant only in one season). From the dominant species turnover accounting for the four seasons, in winter it has 53.72% of the total biomass or annual biomass, spring it has 41.53% of the overall biomass, summer it has 31.85% and autumn it has 38.56% of total biomass. Visible, seasonal succession of dominant species of fish phenomenon is very obvious, especially in the spring and winter, summer transfers dominate species at this stage show the greatest change, but winter, the transfer of this dominant species changes in minimal. 展开更多
Inland fishing predominates in the Kedougou region, which has no coastline. This type of fishing does not yet meet the local population’s demand for fish products. In response to this concern, a Community Agricultura...Inland fishing predominates in the Kedougou region, which has no coastline. This type of fishing does not yet meet the local population’s demand for fish products. In response to this concern, a Community Agricultural Estate housing an integrated fish farm was set up in the commune of Bandafassi, in the village of Itato. Since its creation, this production unit has been faced with the problem of sourcing high-quality, low-cost, monosex male Oreochromis niloticus fry. In order to overcome this constraint, the present research focuses on the contribution of Garcinia kola to the productivity and economic profitability of the Itato farm. The aim of the research is to assess fish production in the experimental set-up and the production costs of tilapia in a controlled environment. The comparative study of the various production factors shows disparities only in the input factor, where scenarios 2 and 3 use additional products. These are 17-α-methytestosterone for scenario 2 and Garcinia kola for scenario 3. These products significantly interfere with fish production, with a fairly high mortality rate for scenario 2 (25% for two production cycles/ cohort2 (B5, B6, B7 and B8) treated with 17-α-methytestosterone). As for scenarios 1 and 3, mortalities are 5% with or without recourse to additional products (G. kola). In addition, average fish production for the three (03) scenarios is estimated at 28687.5 kg/2 cycles. It varies from one scenario to another, i.e. 30937.5 kg/2 cycles for scenarios 1 and 3 and 24187.5 kg/2 cycles for scenario 2. It is therefore higher in scenarios 1 and 3 than in scenario 2. This difference is due to the fairly large losses of individuals in scenario 2. Furthermore, the analysis of the profit and loss accounts for tilapia production varies from one scenario to another depending on the type of farm: 476 Franc CFA for scenario 1, 610 Franc CFA for scenario 2 and 472 Franc CFA for scenario 3 (F CFA = franc of the French Colonies of Africa). The Average operating income for all the fish farm展开更多
This work studies the variability of the relationship between relative permittivity and compaction parameters as a function of certain geotechnical properties for different laterite types. This study allows to purpose...This work studies the variability of the relationship between relative permittivity and compaction parameters as a function of certain geotechnical properties for different laterite types. This study allows to purpose the dielectric permittivity as a third compaction parameter allowing to obtain a non destructive control méthod. Preliminary studies on Diack laterite had shown a good correlation. Additional investigations are carried out to verify the possibility of generalizing this correlation to three new laterite careers: Ngoudiane, Yéba and Fandene. To proceed, particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, specific weight tests and compaction according to the modified Proctor test were performed on laterite samples. Using the radar method, experimental permittivities are determined for laterite samples by the point method of propagation times and confirmed by the diffraction hyperbole method. The geotechnical and radar data obtained allowed correlations between permittivity and water content on the one hand and between permittivity and dry density on the other. The results show that the maximum dry density as a function of permittivity corresponds with the optimum Proctor, which confirms the results previously obtained on Diack laterite.展开更多
Introduction: Macroangiopathy plays an important role, with a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The aim was to study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutio...Introduction: Macroangiopathy plays an important role, with a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The aim was to study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of macroangiopathy in diabetic patients in the internal medicine department of the Abass Ndao hospital. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Our investigations were recruited over a 7-year period (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022). Results: Three hundred and fifty-nine (359) patients (10.22%) were enrolled. The mean age was 62.83 years, with extremes ranging from 17 to 98 years. The [60 - 69] age group was more representative (37.32%). Women accounted for 180 cases (50.1%), with a sex ratio (m/f) of 0.99. The average duration of diabetes was 11.86 years. Average consultation time was 38.07 days, with extremes ranging from 1 to 368 days. Average hospital stay was 7.65 days. Inaugural diabetes was noted in 12 cases (3.34%). Type 2 diabetes accounted for 95.82% (n = 344) of patients. Hypertension was present in 150 patients (41.8%). Patients with 2 risk factors accounted for 173 cases (48.18%). Nineteen patients had already had a stroke (5.29% of cases). Fourteen (14) patients (4.2%) were amputees. Obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs (AOMI) was noted in 193 patients (54%). Stroke was noted in 101 patients (28%). Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was noted in 38 patients (11%). AOMI was more common in males (110 patients, 57%) than in females (43%). Seventy-three (73) patients (20.3%) died. Predictors of death were age over 60 and the existence of more than two cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: Diabetic macroangiopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The development and implementation of a prevention and management program is essential.展开更多
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes can have acute complications, sometimes requiring hospitalization. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of type 1 diabetes in patie...Introduction: Type 1 diabetes can have acute complications, sometimes requiring hospitalization. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of type 1 diabetes in patients at the Abass Ndao National Hospital in Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 01, 2010 to December 31, 2021. It focused on hospitalized type 1 diabetic patients. Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary data were evaluated. Results: Six hundred and fifty-nine (659) patients were enrolled, representing a frequency of 11.5%. The mean age was 29.47 years, giving a sex ratio (m/f) of 0.95. Average hospital stay was 6.1 days. One hundred and forty-four (144) patients (21.8%) had inaugural diabetes. The average consultation time was 14.89 days. Acute metabolic complications were ketoacidosis in 353 patients (56%), and hypoglycemia in 1.2%. Simple hyperglycemia was noted in 113 patients (18.0%). Infection was present in 522 patients (58.3%), of whom 95 (28.2%) had a skin infection.55 patients (16.3%) had a respiratory infection. 12.3% had a dietary imbalance.176 cases (27.7%) had no imbalance.26 patients (3.9%) died, with infectious pathologies accounting for the majority of decompensation factors among the deceased (57.7%). Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes is a cause of morbidity and mortality. It is essential to develop and implement a prevention and management program.展开更多
Metal trace elements (MTE) are among the most harmful micropollutants of natural waters. Eliminating them helps improve the quality and safety of drinking water and protect human health. In this work, we used mango ke...Metal trace elements (MTE) are among the most harmful micropollutants of natural waters. Eliminating them helps improve the quality and safety of drinking water and protect human health. In this work, we used mango kernel powder (MKP) as bioadsorbent material for removal of Cr (VI) from water. Uv-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor and quantify Cr (VI) during processing using the Beer-Lambert formula. Some parameters such as pH, mango powder, mass and contact time were optimized to determine adsorption capacity and chromium removal rate. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, isotherms and thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG˚, ΔH˚, and ΔS˚, as well as FTIR were studied to better understand the Cr (VI) removal process by MKP. The adsorption capacity reached 94.87 mg/g, for an optimal contact time of 30 min at 298 K. The obtained results are in accordance with a pseudo-second order Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Finally FTIR was used to monitor the evolution of absorption bands, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate surface properties and morphology of the adsorbent.展开更多
Introduction: The association of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (rhupus) is a rare clinical condition. Throughout the world, 287 cases of Rhupus have been described. We report two new observatio...Introduction: The association of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (rhupus) is a rare clinical condition. Throughout the world, 287 cases of Rhupus have been described. We report two new observations of two patients who presented predominantly distal erosive polyarthritis with positive anti-Sm antibodies in one case and SmRNP in the other case. Observations: Case 1: 37 years old patient, with a recent diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. She has since 8 months an inflammatory, bilaterally and symmetrical polyarthralgia without deformation or ankylosing synovitis, associated with malar erythema without other abnormalities. Immunological tests showed: positive Rheumatoid factor at 158 IU/ml, positive Anti-CCP at 550 IU/ml, and positivity of antinuclear at 1/1280 nuclear fluorescence with a strong presence of anti-Sm >8 IU/ml. The diagnosis of rhupus was concluded, without serious visceral involvement. Case 2: A 28-year-old patient, married with 3 children, with bilateral, symmetrical, deforming and chronic polyarthritis affecting large and small joints, which had been evolving for over 5 years without cutaneous abnormality associated. Paraclinical investigations showed: a biological inflammatory syndrome. Immunology was positive, with rheumatoid factors at 78 IU/ml, anti-CCP at 561 IU/ml, antinuclear antibodies at 1/1280 with positive anti-SmRNP and anti-SSA/Ro52, and a positive direct Coombs test. Joint ultrasound revealed tenosynovitis of the extensors and common flexors of the fingers, erosions and synovitis of multiple PPIs. The diagnosis of rhupus was based on the presence of 10 ACR criteria for RA and 8 ACR/EULAR 2019 criteria for SLE. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis is a rare autoimmune disease combining features of both systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in the same patient, often sequentially. Despite a growing number of case reports and series, a consensus on the classification of SLE arthritis is still lacking, and diagnostic criteria for rhupus do not exist. These展开更多
文摘Introduction: In recent decades, the cost of postoperative pain has been the subject of many studies based on protocols developed by scientific societies for its assessment and optimization. At the Regional Hospital of Saint-Louis (Senegal), several protocols have been developed for pain management, but no study has focused on the assessment of postoperative pain management specifically. We therefore initiated this work, the objectives of which were to remind the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological bases of postoperative pain, and to analyze the assessment and management of this pain in patients who have undergone a caesarean section. Materials and methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study, which took place in the gynecology-obstetrics department, over a period from January 2019 to July 2020. All patients who gave birth by cesarean section were included. The data was collected from a survey sheet written for this purpose. For each of the patients, the information was taken every day throughout the duration of postoperative hospitalization. Results: It appears from our work that after a cesarean section, the pain felt evolves on the first postoperative days with a peak during the second day. As in the data reported in the literature, there does not seem to be a difference in terms of pain intensity and analgesia dosage between scheduled and emergency caesarean sections. However, young age and female gender—for other types of surgeries—are risk factors associated with high postoperative pain scores. This trend is probably related to the low pain experience of tested patients. Our initial hypothesis was that acute post-operative pain after caesarean sections could be linked to defects in the perception and processing of pain by caregivers. Indeed, we have shown that awareness-raising, information, and training actions have made it possible to significantly improve the management of pain after a cesarean section. Conclusion: After a cesarean section the pain is intense, especially when the effects
文摘Introduction: The improvement of survival in patients with cancer and the expansion of therapeutic options have led to the emergence of a new profile of cardiotoxicity, specifically associated with antimitotic agents. Our study aimed to assess the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myocardial toxicity in patients with cancer. Patients and Methods: We conducted a looking-forward longitudinal cohort study including all patients admitted to the Cardiology departments of Aristide le Dantec Hospital and Dalal Jamm National Hospital Centre for apre-chemotherapy check-up. The included patients did not undergo any pre-existing cardiopathy. Results: Over a period of two years ranging from January 2019 to December 2021, a total of 37 patients were included in the study. Notably, there was a female predominance (92%) with an average age of 49.7 years ± 13.69. Breast cancer accounted for 70% of the neoplasms. Laboratory findings revealed moderate anemia in 19 patients (51%). At inclusion, the left ventricle (LV) was of normal size (LV diastole at 44.46 ± 4.97 mm). The systolic function of the left ventricle was normal in all patients, with an average ejection fraction (EF) of 63.1% ± 5.80 and a mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) of −20.4% ± 2.58. The most commonly used agents were anthracyclines. During follow-up, 3 patients (8.1%) developed clinical symptoms of left heart failure, and LV dysfunction on echocardiography was observed in 5 (13.5%) patients, with a significant decrease in EF Conclusion: The incidence of cardiac toxicity is not negligible, hence the importance of early screening. Strain imaging is an essential tool that should be performed as part of the assessment before chemotherapy and re-evaluated during treatment.
文摘Introduction: Non-communicable diseases constitute a major public health problem, due to their morbi-mortality. The aim was to study knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among residents of Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Our investigations were recruited over a six-month period (October 17, 2021 to March 21, 2022). Results: Two hundred and twenty-six (226) patients were enrolled. The mean age was 45.9 years. The under-40 age group was the most represented with 37.2%. There were 129 men (57.1%), giving a male/female sex ratio of 1.33. The highest level was represented by 159 people (70.4%). Those who responded (heart disease) were in the majority (38.1%). Hypertension was the most common CVD for 101 people (44.7%). One hundred and ninety (190) people (84%) knew the risk factors for CVD. Good knowledge of risk factors concerned 103 people (54.2%). Obesity was the best-known risk factor in 156 cases (69%). The media was the most important source of information for 121 people (53.5%). Hypertensives were the most represented with 8.4%. One hundred and thirty (130) people (57.5%) had previously paid attention to these FDRCVs. Awareness campaigns were the most effective means of communication for 170 cases (75.2%). Sixteen (16) people (35.6%) were taking antihypertensive medication. Walking was the most popular physical activity for 102 people (45%). People with a balanced diet were in the majority, with 174 respondents (77.0%). Conclusion: NCDs are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is essential to develop and implement a prevention and management program.
文摘Protein is essential for the growth and maintenance of the body. They play a crucial role in different biological processes. This study focuses on comparing the protein contents of local rice grown in the Senegal River valley and rice imported from Asia. The objective is to evaluate the importance of the protein nutritional value of local rice compared to imported rice. Protein contents were determined using the Kjeldahl method. The results of the protein assays show that local rice varieties such as Sahel 108 and Sahel 134 grown in the Thilène basins had protein percentages comparable to those of imported rice. The protein percentages were 15.19% ± 0.91% for the Sahel 108 variety and 16.62% ± 0.01% for the Sahel 134 variety compared to 15.8% ± 0.01% on average for imported rice. Thus from the point of view of protein content, local rice has a nutritional value identical to that of imported rice which it can validly replace. It is important in Senegal to encourage local production, which would make it possible to reduce imports on the one hand and to make quality rice available to the local Senegalese market on the other. Sahel varieties with high protein contents deserve large-scale development to meet the country’s protein needs.
文摘Introduction: Systemic diseases are a variety of heterogeneous autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases and syndromes usually affecting multiple systems and resulting from immune system dysregulation. We evaluated risk factors for depression and anxiety in an autoimmune disease cohort compared with diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, case-control survey comparing two groups: individuals with connective tissue disease (CTD) and diabetic controls who were followed within three Dakar University hospitals during the period from April to June 2023. Results: The sample comprised 106 participants, of whom 51 (48%) had CTD and 55 (52%) served as diabetic controls. In the CTD group, the majority had lupus (19) and rheumatoid arthritis (23). The CTD patients had a mean age of 41.0 years (SD 16.9), while the diabetic patients had a mean age of 55.9 years (SD 11.7), with a significant difference observed (p Conclusion: Compared to a chronic disease, devastating in Africa and evolving over the long term, autoimmune diseases are more strongly and more frequently associated with anxiety and depression. This is a factor to be taken into account in the holistic management of these patients.
文摘Introduction: Infections are additional factors of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM), and the current recommendation is antibiotic prophylaxis. In sub-Saharan Africa, few data on infectious complications of MM are available. We aim to describe the microbiological features of infections in MM, and their impact on survival in Senegalese patients. Methods: A retrospective (January 2005-January 2022), analytic, multicenter study on infections in patients followed for MM (IMWG criteria) in Senegalese clinical hematology services. The socio-epidemiological, diagnostic, microbiological, evolutionary and survival aspects were analyzed. Results: The study included 106 patients with multiple myeloma who had an infection at admission or during the treatment. Ten patients have the comorbidity (hypertension, lupus, type 2 diabetes). These patients had 136 infectious events identified at diagnosis (79.2%) or during chemotherapy (20.8%). The sites of infection are lung (42.6%), urinary (29.4%), dermatological (6.6%), digestive (5.2%), osteoarticular (4.4%), ear, nose and throat (3.7%), central nervous system (1.5%), or without site. We recorded 26.4% of patients with multi-site infections. The causal pathogens are bacteria (Gram-negative bacilli: 22.1%;Gram positive bacilli: 9.5%, Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 13.3%), parasitique (plasmodium falciparum 6.6%), viruses (SARS-COV2: 2.9%, VZV: 2.2%) and fungal (2.9%). Survival was reduced in patients who had an infection at the time of multiple myeloma diagnosis (p: 0.189) and those who had multiple infectious foci (p: 0.011). Conclusion: Infections in multiple myeloma are more frequent at diagnosis. The germs are varied and mostly bacteria, particularly gram-negative bacteria, and Kochs bacillus. Our study reveals that multiple infectious foci are a poor prognosis factor. It is necessary to evaluate the infectious risk early, and to adopt an antibiotic prophylaxis based on our tropical environment.
文摘In the Saloum region of central-western Senegal, water needs are essentially met by tapping an underground aquifer associated with the sandy-clay formations of the Continental Terminal, in contact with both the ocean to the west and the highly saline waters of the Saloum River to the north. In this estuarine and deltaic zone with its very low relief, the hydraulic loads in the water tables are generally close to zero or even negative, creating a reversal of the natural flow and encouraging saline intrusion into this system, which makes it very vulnerable. This study concerns the implementation of a numerical model of saline intrusion to provide a better understanding of the vulnerability of the water table by analyzing the variability of the freshwater/saltwater interface. The Modflow-2005 code is used to simulate saline intrusion using the SWI2 module, coupled with the GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) software under the Linux operating system with the steep interface approach. The probable expansion of the wedge is studied in three scenarios, taking into account its position relative to the bedrock at 1 m, 5 m and 10 m. Simulations carried out under imposed potential and river conditions, based on variations in groundwater reserves using two effective porosity values, 10−1 and 10−2, show that the water table is highly vulnerable in the northwest sector. The probable expansion of the wedge increases as the storage coefficient decreases and is more marked with river conditions in the areas surrounding the Saloum River, reaching 6 km with a probability of 1. The probability of the wedge reaching a certain degree of expansion decreases from 1 to 0.5, and then cancels out as it moves inland. The probable position of the wedge is limited to 500 m or even 1 km depending on the corner around the coast to the southwest and in the southern zone. This modelling, carried out under natural conditions, will be developed further, taking into account climatic parameters and pumping from wells and borehol
文摘Purpose: High urinary retention (HUR) can negatively impact renal function. Our study aimed to present the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of HUR in a Senegalese academic hospital. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 70 patients with HUR associated with renal failure from January 2017 to December 2020. Parameters examined included: age, sex, coexisting conditions affecting renal function, clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, causes of HUR, urinary diversion, and patient outcomes. Results: The average age was 66, with a majority of male patients (87%). Twenty-three patients had pre-existing medical conditions. Oligo-anuria was the most common reason for detecting HUR (70%). Half of the patients had an ECOG score ≥ 2. The mean creatinine level was 50.7 mg/l. Nineteen patients exhibited hydroelectrolytic disorders. Bacterial colonization was observed in 25 patients. Ultrasound and computed tomography were the most frequently performed imaging tests (100% and 62.8%, respectively). Sixty-seven patients had ureterohydronephrosis (UHN), with bilateral UHN in 88.6% of cases. Pelvic cancers (47.1%) were the primary cause of HUR, primarily bladder cancers (27.1%). Nephrostomy was the most common urinary drainage method (50%), particularly for obstructions due to pelvic cancer (88.6%). The majority of patients (52.8%) regained normal renal function after drainage. Nineteen deaths occurred among elderly patients with compromised general health. Conclusion: Urinary drainage significantly improved renal function for most patients. Pelvic cancer emerged as the leading cause of HUR. Nephrostomy was the predominant drainage method.
文摘Introduction: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathies (AP) represent a group of rare concomitant pathologies, making them underdiagnosed. The objective was to study their profile at the Medical Clinic II of the Abass Ndao Hospital. Patients and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and analytical study, lasting 24 months, from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. We assessed the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the patients and classified the APs found. Results: We included 40 patients divided into type III (38 cases) and IV (2 cases). A female predominance was noted with a sex ratio of 0.21. The mean age was 38.6 years. A family history of component diseases of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) was found in 62.5%. Goiter (80%) was the main clinical sign present. All 38 patients with ISAP-3 had autoimmune thyroiditis, including 29 cases of Graves’ disease (72.5%) and 9 cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (22.5%). They were associated with either type 1 diabetes (57.9%), Biermer’s disease (21.1%), vitiligo + alopecia (18.4%), lupus (2.6%). The 2 patients with AP-4 had Biermer’s disease associated with either Addison’s disease or type 1 diabetes. Management depended on the pathologies present and their possible complications. The immunological phenomena were also controlled. Conclusion: This series is globally similar to the literature. The polymorphous character of the clinical pictures requires a better collaboration between specialists leading to a clinical and holistic synthesis.
文摘West Africa was hit by an unprecedented drought in the 1970’s and 1980’s years, with dramatic consequences for surface and groundwater resources. In the context of climate change, there are many studies for the prediction of the increase in the occurrence of these droughts. To predict this situation in the Senegalese region, it is necessary to use regional climate models, which carrying out the study. This work deals with the interest to examine the capacity of the RCMs (regional climate models) in order to reproduce the deficit on the 1970’s year rainfall in Senegal. In this work, we used daily precipitation data from five (5) regional climate models to characterize the droughts in Senegal by using the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) on different time scales (3, 6, 12 and 24 months). For this purpose, the index was calculated over two distinct periods: 1951-1969 and 1970-1990. The results show that the period 1970-1990 was drier than the period 1951-1969. For the zonal average, the results show that the North of Senegal was more affected by this deficit rainfall than the South part. The analysis of the interannual variability of rainfall for some stations in Senegal shows that the drought did not start at the same time throughout the zone.
文摘This study presents various approaches to calculating the bearing capacity of spread footings applied to the rock mass of the western corniche at the tip of the Dakar peninsula. The bearing capacity was estimated using empirical, analytical and numerical approaches based on the parameters of the rock mass and the foundation. Laboratory tests were carried out on basanite, as well as on the other facies detected. The results of these studies give a range of allowable bearing capacity values varying between 1.92 and 11.39 MPa for the empirical methods and from 7.13 to 25.50 MPa for the analytical methods. A wide dispersion of results was observed according to the different approaches. This dispersion of results is explained by the use of different rock parameters depending on the method used. The allowable bearing capacity results obtained with varying approaches of calculation remain admissible to support the loads. On the other hand, the foundation calculations show acceptable settlement of the order of a millimeter for all the layers, especially in the thin clay layers resting on the bedrock at shallow depths, where the rigidity of the rock reduces settlement.
文摘This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considering the different relief units was adopted. Woody vegetation was surveyed using a dendrometric approach. The results obtained show that the flora is dominated by a few species adapted to drought, such as Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Calotropis procera Ait. and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.). The distribution of this flora and the structure of the ligneous plants are linked to the topography. In the lowlands, the flora is more diversified and the ligneous plants reach their optimum level of development compared with the higher relief areas. In the lowlands, there are a few woody species which, in the past, were indicative of better climatic conditions. These are Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.), Commiphora africana (A. Rich.), Feretia apodanthera Del., Loeseneriella africana (A. Smith), Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). It is important that their reintroduction into reforestation projects takes account of their edaphic preference.
文摘Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory pathologies worldwide. The cost of its treatment, particularly for populations in developing countries like Senegal, requires an alternative which consists of developing research into new therapeutic approaches with the use of plants from traditional pharmacopoeia. The objective of this study was to determine whether the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves has a preventive effect on the constriction of tracheal smooth muscle induced by Acetylcholine in Wistar strain rats. Methods: The species used in our experiments were male Wistar rats aged between 12 and 14 weeks. Rings of rat trachea were suspended in isolated organ chambers connected to tension sensors. Two pharmacological agents were used: acetylcholine, for its constrictor effect and adrenaline, for its dilating effect on the pulmonary trachea. Our plant material consisted of a hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. The experimental protocol was that of the preventive model which consisted of impregnating these rings with the extract at a defined concentration then testing its contractility in the presence of Acetylcholine which was the contractile agonist used in this study. The preventive effect of the extract was studied with an Acetylcholine contraction range on rings pre-incubated with Terminalia avicennioides extract. Results: The results showed that Acetylcholine contracts the trachea and the increase in its contractility was dependent on the dose of Ach added cumulatively (10<sup>−5</sup> to 4 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mol/l). The administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves led to a modification of the contractile response to Acetylcholine. Indeed, this extract induced a significant attenuation of the contractile responses of the treated tracheal rings compared to those untreated. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides had a relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle and this effect could play an important role in the prevent
文摘The fishing survey station located in the warm waters of the East China Sea is one of the abundant fishery resources of waters;with a large number of economic fish breeding grounds and economic juvenile feeding grounds. Several fish species according to this bottom trawl survey results which appear in the annual survey from winter to autumn give us a total of 58 species, which have appeared throughout the year. But the vast majority of species appears only in certain seasons, according to the sea fish survey and based on seasonal migratory species or species mainly small endemic species. The survey of fish is tropical and subtropical warm water species and warm temperate species, and the history of the area has several types of 397 different species. There are many reasons, in addition to recent years, human disturbance and adverse consequences of environmental changes brought about, but also with the relevant sampling methods and sampler time, the survey sampled only trawl based, from Ping yang Ocean and Fisheries Bureau, the waters are still other jobs method net, gill nets, fishing industry, etc. Survey results show that the type of fish in the summer (58 species) > spring (55 species) > winter (51 species) > autumn (42 species). The type of season was among spring to summer rose, summer to autumn decline. The survey found that in the reef area of the Nanji Islands, no one species of fish is the dominant species throughout the year (according to the dominant species, each species is dominant only in one season). From the dominant species turnover accounting for the four seasons, in winter it has 53.72% of the total biomass or annual biomass, spring it has 41.53% of the overall biomass, summer it has 31.85% and autumn it has 38.56% of total biomass. Visible, seasonal succession of dominant species of fish phenomenon is very obvious, especially in the spring and winter, summer transfers dominate species at this stage show the greatest change, but winter, the transfer of this dominant species changes in minimal.
文摘Inland fishing predominates in the Kedougou region, which has no coastline. This type of fishing does not yet meet the local population’s demand for fish products. In response to this concern, a Community Agricultural Estate housing an integrated fish farm was set up in the commune of Bandafassi, in the village of Itato. Since its creation, this production unit has been faced with the problem of sourcing high-quality, low-cost, monosex male Oreochromis niloticus fry. In order to overcome this constraint, the present research focuses on the contribution of Garcinia kola to the productivity and economic profitability of the Itato farm. The aim of the research is to assess fish production in the experimental set-up and the production costs of tilapia in a controlled environment. The comparative study of the various production factors shows disparities only in the input factor, where scenarios 2 and 3 use additional products. These are 17-α-methytestosterone for scenario 2 and Garcinia kola for scenario 3. These products significantly interfere with fish production, with a fairly high mortality rate for scenario 2 (25% for two production cycles/ cohort2 (B5, B6, B7 and B8) treated with 17-α-methytestosterone). As for scenarios 1 and 3, mortalities are 5% with or without recourse to additional products (G. kola). In addition, average fish production for the three (03) scenarios is estimated at 28687.5 kg/2 cycles. It varies from one scenario to another, i.e. 30937.5 kg/2 cycles for scenarios 1 and 3 and 24187.5 kg/2 cycles for scenario 2. It is therefore higher in scenarios 1 and 3 than in scenario 2. This difference is due to the fairly large losses of individuals in scenario 2. Furthermore, the analysis of the profit and loss accounts for tilapia production varies from one scenario to another depending on the type of farm: 476 Franc CFA for scenario 1, 610 Franc CFA for scenario 2 and 472 Franc CFA for scenario 3 (F CFA = franc of the French Colonies of Africa). The Average operating income for all the fish farm
文摘This work studies the variability of the relationship between relative permittivity and compaction parameters as a function of certain geotechnical properties for different laterite types. This study allows to purpose the dielectric permittivity as a third compaction parameter allowing to obtain a non destructive control méthod. Preliminary studies on Diack laterite had shown a good correlation. Additional investigations are carried out to verify the possibility of generalizing this correlation to three new laterite careers: Ngoudiane, Yéba and Fandene. To proceed, particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, specific weight tests and compaction according to the modified Proctor test were performed on laterite samples. Using the radar method, experimental permittivities are determined for laterite samples by the point method of propagation times and confirmed by the diffraction hyperbole method. The geotechnical and radar data obtained allowed correlations between permittivity and water content on the one hand and between permittivity and dry density on the other. The results show that the maximum dry density as a function of permittivity corresponds with the optimum Proctor, which confirms the results previously obtained on Diack laterite.
文摘Introduction: Macroangiopathy plays an important role, with a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The aim was to study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of macroangiopathy in diabetic patients in the internal medicine department of the Abass Ndao hospital. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Our investigations were recruited over a 7-year period (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022). Results: Three hundred and fifty-nine (359) patients (10.22%) were enrolled. The mean age was 62.83 years, with extremes ranging from 17 to 98 years. The [60 - 69] age group was more representative (37.32%). Women accounted for 180 cases (50.1%), with a sex ratio (m/f) of 0.99. The average duration of diabetes was 11.86 years. Average consultation time was 38.07 days, with extremes ranging from 1 to 368 days. Average hospital stay was 7.65 days. Inaugural diabetes was noted in 12 cases (3.34%). Type 2 diabetes accounted for 95.82% (n = 344) of patients. Hypertension was present in 150 patients (41.8%). Patients with 2 risk factors accounted for 173 cases (48.18%). Nineteen patients had already had a stroke (5.29% of cases). Fourteen (14) patients (4.2%) were amputees. Obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs (AOMI) was noted in 193 patients (54%). Stroke was noted in 101 patients (28%). Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was noted in 38 patients (11%). AOMI was more common in males (110 patients, 57%) than in females (43%). Seventy-three (73) patients (20.3%) died. Predictors of death were age over 60 and the existence of more than two cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: Diabetic macroangiopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The development and implementation of a prevention and management program is essential.
文摘Introduction: Type 1 diabetes can have acute complications, sometimes requiring hospitalization. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of type 1 diabetes in patients at the Abass Ndao National Hospital in Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 01, 2010 to December 31, 2021. It focused on hospitalized type 1 diabetic patients. Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary data were evaluated. Results: Six hundred and fifty-nine (659) patients were enrolled, representing a frequency of 11.5%. The mean age was 29.47 years, giving a sex ratio (m/f) of 0.95. Average hospital stay was 6.1 days. One hundred and forty-four (144) patients (21.8%) had inaugural diabetes. The average consultation time was 14.89 days. Acute metabolic complications were ketoacidosis in 353 patients (56%), and hypoglycemia in 1.2%. Simple hyperglycemia was noted in 113 patients (18.0%). Infection was present in 522 patients (58.3%), of whom 95 (28.2%) had a skin infection.55 patients (16.3%) had a respiratory infection. 12.3% had a dietary imbalance.176 cases (27.7%) had no imbalance.26 patients (3.9%) died, with infectious pathologies accounting for the majority of decompensation factors among the deceased (57.7%). Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes is a cause of morbidity and mortality. It is essential to develop and implement a prevention and management program.
文摘Metal trace elements (MTE) are among the most harmful micropollutants of natural waters. Eliminating them helps improve the quality and safety of drinking water and protect human health. In this work, we used mango kernel powder (MKP) as bioadsorbent material for removal of Cr (VI) from water. Uv-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor and quantify Cr (VI) during processing using the Beer-Lambert formula. Some parameters such as pH, mango powder, mass and contact time were optimized to determine adsorption capacity and chromium removal rate. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, isotherms and thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG˚, ΔH˚, and ΔS˚, as well as FTIR were studied to better understand the Cr (VI) removal process by MKP. The adsorption capacity reached 94.87 mg/g, for an optimal contact time of 30 min at 298 K. The obtained results are in accordance with a pseudo-second order Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Finally FTIR was used to monitor the evolution of absorption bands, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate surface properties and morphology of the adsorbent.
文摘Introduction: The association of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (rhupus) is a rare clinical condition. Throughout the world, 287 cases of Rhupus have been described. We report two new observations of two patients who presented predominantly distal erosive polyarthritis with positive anti-Sm antibodies in one case and SmRNP in the other case. Observations: Case 1: 37 years old patient, with a recent diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. She has since 8 months an inflammatory, bilaterally and symmetrical polyarthralgia without deformation or ankylosing synovitis, associated with malar erythema without other abnormalities. Immunological tests showed: positive Rheumatoid factor at 158 IU/ml, positive Anti-CCP at 550 IU/ml, and positivity of antinuclear at 1/1280 nuclear fluorescence with a strong presence of anti-Sm >8 IU/ml. The diagnosis of rhupus was concluded, without serious visceral involvement. Case 2: A 28-year-old patient, married with 3 children, with bilateral, symmetrical, deforming and chronic polyarthritis affecting large and small joints, which had been evolving for over 5 years without cutaneous abnormality associated. Paraclinical investigations showed: a biological inflammatory syndrome. Immunology was positive, with rheumatoid factors at 78 IU/ml, anti-CCP at 561 IU/ml, antinuclear antibodies at 1/1280 with positive anti-SmRNP and anti-SSA/Ro52, and a positive direct Coombs test. Joint ultrasound revealed tenosynovitis of the extensors and common flexors of the fingers, erosions and synovitis of multiple PPIs. The diagnosis of rhupus was based on the presence of 10 ACR criteria for RA and 8 ACR/EULAR 2019 criteria for SLE. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis is a rare autoimmune disease combining features of both systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in the same patient, often sequentially. Despite a growing number of case reports and series, a consensus on the classification of SLE arthritis is still lacking, and diagnostic criteria for rhupus do not exist. These
