Introduction Radon,a known carcinogen,is the second largest cause of lung carcinoma as per the World Health Organisation.The primary purpose of the present research is to examine and compare the concentrations of rado...Introduction Radon,a known carcinogen,is the second largest cause of lung carcinoma as per the World Health Organisation.The primary purpose of the present research is to examine and compare the concentrations of radon gas(^(222)Rn)in different sources of water in the Lar and Ganderbal tehsils of the district of Ganderbal,Jammu and Kashmir.Higher groundwater ^(222)Rn concentrations indicate higher indoor radon concentrations and long-term radon exposure is extremely harmful to human health as it increases the risk of developing lung cancer.Method A scintillation-based radon monitor called the smart RnDuo was used to quantify the amount of radon activity present in water samples collected from different locations of Lar and Ganderbal regions of district Ganderbal.Results Average radon(^(222)Rn)concentration of 1.84 BqL^(−1) was found in tap waters,3.73 BqL^(−1) in surface waters,16.56 BqL^(−1) in borewells,and 20.82 BqL^(−1) in springs.The higher radon concentration in groundwater is because of the direct and prolonged interaction of uranium-rich rocks and soil with the water.Hence,monitoring and regulating radon levels in these water sources is crucial to ensure public health and safety.展开更多
Fox nut (Euryale ferox) is categorized among superior quality foods because of its highly nutritious profile. It also serves as a good protein source for vegetarian diets. However, it is not widely consumed, due to so...Fox nut (Euryale ferox) is categorized among superior quality foods because of its highly nutritious profile. It also serves as a good protein source for vegetarian diets. However, it is not widely consumed, due to soggy texture and bland flavor as compared to other nuts. In this study, we used roasting and seasoning to enhance its consumer acceptance. Furthermore, we have also compared biochemical, nutritional and physical properties of the roasted and unroasted fox nuts;and their Glycemic Index (GI) in human subjects. Results showed that roasting significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved the minerals content (from 0.58 to 0.66%), protein content (from 11.40 to 14.57%), total phenolics (from 346.02 to 470.62 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (from 4.15 to 4.43 mg CE/g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (from 48.54 to 79.13% inhibition) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (from 662.46 to 957.14 μmol FeSO4/g). Consumer acceptance was evaluated with and without seasoning;both salt and spice seasoned roasted nuts had greater overall acceptability as compared to plain roasted and unroasted nuts. Fox nuts also reported low GI (37%) in human subjects (ethical approval #1772/01-06-2020). Thus, roasted fox nuts can be consumed as nutrient rich and low GI snack;not only as a component of healthy diet but can also be served to patients with metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes.展开更多
Spectroscopic emission of lead plasma, generated by the fundamental （1064 nm） and second harmonics （532 nm） of a Q-switched pulsed Nd： YAG laser, is studied. The spectral lines of neutral atoms and singly ionized...Spectroscopic emission of lead plasma, generated by the fundamental （1064 nm） and second harmonics （532 nm） of a Q-switched pulsed Nd： YAG laser, is studied. The spectral lines of neutral atoms and singly ionized lead ions were shown predominantly. The profiles of neutral lead lines observed were used to extract the excitation temperature using Boltzmann plots, whereas electron number density was determined from the profile of Stark broadened line. The variations of excitation temperature and electron number density as a function of laser energy were studied.展开更多
We studied the spatial evolution of the Fe-Ni plasma generated by the fundamental （1064 nm） and second （532 nm） harmonics of a Q-switched Nd： YAG laser. The experimentally observed line profiles of the neutral ir...We studied the spatial evolution of the Fe-Ni plasma generated by the fundamental （1064 nm） and second （532 nm） harmonics of a Q-switched Nd： YAG laser. The experimentally observed line profiles of the neutral iron （Fe I） have been used to extract the plasma temperature （T e ） using the Boltzmann plot method, whereas the electron number density （N e ） has been deter- mined from the Stark broadening. In addition, we studied the spatial behavior of T e and N e with the variation of laser energy for iron plasma by placing the target material （iron-nickel alloy） in air at atmospheric pressure for both modes of the Nd： YAG laser.展开更多
The framework of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC envisions an intrinsic regional development goal.It promises connectivity across the length and breadth of the region and its periphery,together with achieving an...The framework of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC envisions an intrinsic regional development goal.It promises connectivity across the length and breadth of the region and its periphery,together with achieving an economically strengthened neighborhood.It is this compulsion that merits deliberations on the strength of Pak-China relations and their impact on the phenomenal CPEC vision.The idea rests on the notion of China’s newer role in the evolving geostrategic and geo-economic underpinnings of the world,and also Pakistan’s resilience towards carving out a strengthened economic base amidst major security challenges.Hence,with the opportunities that lay ahead of CPEC for the region and beyond,Pakistan holds high the dictum of‘strong economy is sin-qua-non for strong security’.With its significant geostrategic location as a mainstay of CPEC,Pakistan aims to provide a platform for economic growth for the region and beyond.It has also envisioned to booster development and raise the standards of living across the corridor,which includes Western China as well as areas of Pakistan which have suffered at the hands of agitated neighborhood as a burden of history.However,it is also worth mentioning that,viewing the opportunities that lie within CPEC,in isolation from the challenges may indeed be delusional.Particularly,in the security,socioeconomic and cultural domains,CPEC may generate challenges to Pakistan and the region,which need to be considered seriously.Nonetheless,this study aims to provide an insight to Pakistan’s resolve towards domestic and regional developments amidst the Chinese vision of CPEC and also considers the strength of Pak-China relations as the mainstay of materializing the CPEC goal of development for all.展开更多
In the present work, we have studied the spatial evolution of the nickel alloy plasma produced by the fundamental (1064 nm) and second (532 nm) harmonics of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser by placing the target material in...In the present work, we have studied the spatial evolution of the nickel alloy plasma produced by the fundamental (1064 nm) and second (532 nm) harmonics of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser by placing the target material in air at atmospheric pressure. The four Ni I lines at 335.10 nm, 394.61 nm, 481.19 nm and 515.57 nm are used for the determination of electron temperature (Te) using Boltzmann plot method. The electron temperature is calculated as a function of distance from the target surface for both modes of Nd: YAG laser. In case of fundamental (1064 nm) mode of laser, the temperature varies from 13700 - 10270 K as the distance is varied from 0 to 2 mm. Whereas, in the case of second (532 nm) mode of laser it varies from 13270 - 9660 K for the same distance variation. The electron temperature has also been determined by varying the energy of the laser from 90 to 116 mJ, for the fundamental (1064 nm) harmonic and from 58 to 79 mJ for the second (532 nm) harmonics of the laser. The temperature increases from 14192 to 15765 K in the first case and from 13170 to 14800 K for the second case. We have also studied the spatial behavior of the electron number density in the plasma plume. The electron number density (Ne) in the case of fundamental (1064 nm) harmonic of the laser having pulse energy 125 mJ varies from 2.81 × 1016 to 9.81 × 1015 cm-3 at distances of 0 mm to 2.0 mm, whereas, in the case of second (532 nm) harmonic, with pulse energy 75 mJ it varies from 3.67 × 1016 to 1.48 × 1016 cm-3 for the same distance variation by taking Ni I line at 227.20 nm in both the cases.展开更多
文摘Introduction Radon,a known carcinogen,is the second largest cause of lung carcinoma as per the World Health Organisation.The primary purpose of the present research is to examine and compare the concentrations of radon gas(^(222)Rn)in different sources of water in the Lar and Ganderbal tehsils of the district of Ganderbal,Jammu and Kashmir.Higher groundwater ^(222)Rn concentrations indicate higher indoor radon concentrations and long-term radon exposure is extremely harmful to human health as it increases the risk of developing lung cancer.Method A scintillation-based radon monitor called the smart RnDuo was used to quantify the amount of radon activity present in water samples collected from different locations of Lar and Ganderbal regions of district Ganderbal.Results Average radon(^(222)Rn)concentration of 1.84 BqL^(−1) was found in tap waters,3.73 BqL^(−1) in surface waters,16.56 BqL^(−1) in borewells,and 20.82 BqL^(−1) in springs.The higher radon concentration in groundwater is because of the direct and prolonged interaction of uranium-rich rocks and soil with the water.Hence,monitoring and regulating radon levels in these water sources is crucial to ensure public health and safety.
文摘Fox nut (Euryale ferox) is categorized among superior quality foods because of its highly nutritious profile. It also serves as a good protein source for vegetarian diets. However, it is not widely consumed, due to soggy texture and bland flavor as compared to other nuts. In this study, we used roasting and seasoning to enhance its consumer acceptance. Furthermore, we have also compared biochemical, nutritional and physical properties of the roasted and unroasted fox nuts;and their Glycemic Index (GI) in human subjects. Results showed that roasting significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved the minerals content (from 0.58 to 0.66%), protein content (from 11.40 to 14.57%), total phenolics (from 346.02 to 470.62 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (from 4.15 to 4.43 mg CE/g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (from 48.54 to 79.13% inhibition) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (from 662.46 to 957.14 μmol FeSO4/g). Consumer acceptance was evaluated with and without seasoning;both salt and spice seasoned roasted nuts had greater overall acceptability as compared to plain roasted and unroasted nuts. Fox nuts also reported low GI (37%) in human subjects (ethical approval #1772/01-06-2020). Thus, roasted fox nuts can be consumed as nutrient rich and low GI snack;not only as a component of healthy diet but can also be served to patients with metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes.
基金financially supported by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) and Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF-134)MCS, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) for encouragement in terms of provision of time and financial support to carry out research work
文摘Spectroscopic emission of lead plasma, generated by the fundamental （1064 nm） and second harmonics （532 nm） of a Q-switched pulsed Nd： YAG laser, is studied. The spectral lines of neutral atoms and singly ionized lead ions were shown predominantly. The profiles of neutral lead lines observed were used to extract the excitation temperature using Boltzmann plots, whereas electron number density was determined from the profile of Stark broadened line. The variations of excitation temperature and electron number density as a function of laser energy were studied.
文摘We studied the spatial evolution of the Fe-Ni plasma generated by the fundamental （1064 nm） and second （532 nm） harmonics of a Q-switched Nd： YAG laser. The experimentally observed line profiles of the neutral iron （Fe I） have been used to extract the plasma temperature （T e ） using the Boltzmann plot method, whereas the electron number density （N e ） has been deter- mined from the Stark broadening. In addition, we studied the spatial behavior of T e and N e with the variation of laser energy for iron plasma by placing the target material （iron-nickel alloy） in air at atmospheric pressure for both modes of the Nd： YAG laser.
文摘The framework of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC envisions an intrinsic regional development goal.It promises connectivity across the length and breadth of the region and its periphery,together with achieving an economically strengthened neighborhood.It is this compulsion that merits deliberations on the strength of Pak-China relations and their impact on the phenomenal CPEC vision.The idea rests on the notion of China’s newer role in the evolving geostrategic and geo-economic underpinnings of the world,and also Pakistan’s resilience towards carving out a strengthened economic base amidst major security challenges.Hence,with the opportunities that lay ahead of CPEC for the region and beyond,Pakistan holds high the dictum of‘strong economy is sin-qua-non for strong security’.With its significant geostrategic location as a mainstay of CPEC,Pakistan aims to provide a platform for economic growth for the region and beyond.It has also envisioned to booster development and raise the standards of living across the corridor,which includes Western China as well as areas of Pakistan which have suffered at the hands of agitated neighborhood as a burden of history.However,it is also worth mentioning that,viewing the opportunities that lie within CPEC,in isolation from the challenges may indeed be delusional.Particularly,in the security,socioeconomic and cultural domains,CPEC may generate challenges to Pakistan and the region,which need to be considered seriously.Nonetheless,this study aims to provide an insight to Pakistan’s resolve towards domestic and regional developments amidst the Chinese vision of CPEC and also considers the strength of Pak-China relations as the mainstay of materializing the CPEC goal of development for all.
文摘In the present work, we have studied the spatial evolution of the nickel alloy plasma produced by the fundamental (1064 nm) and second (532 nm) harmonics of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser by placing the target material in air at atmospheric pressure. The four Ni I lines at 335.10 nm, 394.61 nm, 481.19 nm and 515.57 nm are used for the determination of electron temperature (Te) using Boltzmann plot method. The electron temperature is calculated as a function of distance from the target surface for both modes of Nd: YAG laser. In case of fundamental (1064 nm) mode of laser, the temperature varies from 13700 - 10270 K as the distance is varied from 0 to 2 mm. Whereas, in the case of second (532 nm) mode of laser it varies from 13270 - 9660 K for the same distance variation. The electron temperature has also been determined by varying the energy of the laser from 90 to 116 mJ, for the fundamental (1064 nm) harmonic and from 58 to 79 mJ for the second (532 nm) harmonics of the laser. The temperature increases from 14192 to 15765 K in the first case and from 13170 to 14800 K for the second case. We have also studied the spatial behavior of the electron number density in the plasma plume. The electron number density (Ne) in the case of fundamental (1064 nm) harmonic of the laser having pulse energy 125 mJ varies from 2.81 × 1016 to 9.81 × 1015 cm-3 at distances of 0 mm to 2.0 mm, whereas, in the case of second (532 nm) harmonic, with pulse energy 75 mJ it varies from 3.67 × 1016 to 1.48 × 1016 cm-3 for the same distance variation by taking Ni I line at 227.20 nm in both the cases.
