Background: The incidence of intracranial metastases (ICMET) has been steadily rising, and its frequency with respect to primary brain tumours is relatively high. Objective: The objectives of this study were to elucid...Background: The incidence of intracranial metastases (ICMET) has been steadily rising, and its frequency with respect to primary brain tumours is relatively high. Objective: The objectives of this study were to elucidate the current epidemiology and describe the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of ICMET in Yaounde. Method and findings: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the neurosurgery departments of the General and Central Hospitals of Yaounde during the period from January 2016 to December 2022. We included all medical booklets of patients admitted for a tumoral intracranial expansive process with our target population being patients with histological evidence of ICMET, and did a retrospective inclusion of data using a pre-established technical form aimed at collecting sociodemographic data, clinical data, paraclinical data, and the treatment procedures. Analysis was done using the SPSS statistical software. A total of 614 cases of intracranial tumors were included among whom 35 presented histological evidence of ICMET. This gives a frequency of 5.7%. The sex ratio was 0.94, the mean age was 55.68 +/- 14.4 years, extremes 28 and 86 years and the age range 50 - 59 was affected in 28.57% of cases. The clinical presentation included signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, blurred vision, vomiting) in 26 cases (74.3%), motor deficit 48.6%, seizures 17.1%. The mode of onset was metachronous in 71.4% and synchronous in 28.6%. The imaging techniques were cerebral CT scan in 82.9%, cerebral MRI in 40%, TAP scan in 22.9%. The metastatic lesions were supratentorial in 94.3% and single in 62.9%. The primary cancers found were breast cancer (31.4%), lung cancer (25.7%), prostate cancer (17.1%), thyroid cancer (5.7%), colon cancer (2.9%), and melanoma (2.9%). The therapeutic modalities were total resection (68.6%), radiotherapy (37.1%). Conclusion: Intracranial metastases are relatively frequent. There is a female sex predominance and the age group 50 - 59 years is the most affected. Brai展开更多
Background: The differential diagnosis for intracavitary cardiac masses is limited, typically including vegetations, tumors, or thrombi. Cardiac thrombi can often mimic cardiac tumors on imaging, creating a diagnostic...Background: The differential diagnosis for intracavitary cardiac masses is limited, typically including vegetations, tumors, or thrombi. Cardiac thrombi can often mimic cardiac tumors on imaging, creating a diagnostic challenge. Primary cardiac tumors are rare and usually benign, whereas most cardiac tumors result from metastases, commonly originating from malignancies in the breast, lung, or melanoma. Aim: This report highlights the importance of distinguishing various cardiac masses based on clinical presentations, clinical courses, and radiological features. Case Presentation: We describe two cases of cardiac masses with unique and diverse clinical features. Each case posed significant diagnostic challenges due to their distinct presentations and clinical progressions. Conclusion: These cases underscore the importance of considering both benign and metastatic origins in the differential diagnosis of intracavitary cardiac masses. Accurate differentiation between thrombi and tumors is crucial for appropriate management and treatment.展开更多
Introduction: The choice of adopting unilateral pedicle screw fixation or using bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal stenosis remains controversial. In our context, very few studies have been performed co...Introduction: The choice of adopting unilateral pedicle screw fixation or using bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal stenosis remains controversial. In our context, very few studies have been performed comparing the clinical effectiveness of unilateral versus bilateral fixation in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Objective: Evaluate the impact on quality of life and clinical efficacy of unilateral spondylodesis compared to bilateral spondylodesis in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis at the Yaounde Central Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study for a period of 4 years, from June 2015 to June 2019. It involved all patients operated for lumbar canal stenosis and who underwent spondylodesis or spinal fusion at the neurosurgery department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: A total of 68 participants were recruited during our study period. 32 (47%) of the study population were in the 50 - 60 age group, with a mean age of 56.98 years ranging from 41 to 75 years. Females, housewives and farmers were the most affected. In our study, 72% of patients had unilateral spondylodesis and 28% had bilateral fusion. Preoperatively, 71% of patients had insurmountable pain, refractory to medical treatment. At 3 months postoperatively, 73.7% of patients with bilateral setup had moderate pain compared to 69% of those with unilateral setup. At 6 months postoperatively, 79% of patients with bilateral fusion had mild pain compared to 82% of patients with unilateral setup. At 1 year postoperatively, all patients had mild pain. Preoperatively, 66.2% of patients were unable to walk and 19.1% of patients were bedridden according to the Oswestry score. At 3 months postoperatively, 10.2% of patients with unilateral setup were unable to walk compared to 10.5% of patients with bilateral fixation, while 67.3% of patients with unilateral fixation had moderate disability compared to 52.6% of patients with bilateral fixation. At 6 months postopera展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues,including cartilage,bone,synovium,and adipose tissues.OA presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes,...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues,including cartilage,bone,synovium,and adipose tissues.OA presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes,including inflammatory,metabolic,mechanical,genetic,and synovial variants.Consequently,innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic approaches.Traditional analysis of bulk OA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints,causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint tissues.This issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical trials.Gaining insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in OA tissues,encompassing DNA,RNA,metabolites,and proteins,as well as their chemical properties,elemental composition,and mechanical attributes,can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease subtypes.Spatially resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment,providing a more holistic view of cellular function.Recent advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various-omics lenses,such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,with spatial data.This fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial coordinates.Furthermore,advanced imaging techniques,including high-resolution microscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and mass spectrometry imaging,enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules,cells,and tissues.Linking these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes.This review summarizes the recent advancements in the molecular imaging modali展开更多
This paper analyses the performance of a multiple gain boost converter(MGBC)connected to a solar photovoltaic(SPV)system with a grid-tied inverter.The capacitor inductor capacitor(CLC)-based MGBC is integrated to lift...This paper analyses the performance of a multiple gain boost converter(MGBC)connected to a solar photovoltaic(SPV)system with a grid-tied inverter.The capacitor inductor capacitor(CLC)-based MGBC is integrated to lift the output voltage of the SPV to the required level.The voltage lifts/levels in a boost converter(BC)are based on the number of CLC cells.The suggested MGBC is compared with various conventional BCs in terms of boost factor and component count.A hybrid fuzzy logic-perturb&observe maximum power point tracker(HFL-P&O MPPT)developed is used to monitor P_(max)(maximum power)generated by the SPV.Also,a comparative analysis of the suggested MPPT with a conventional P&O and fuzzy logic-based(FLB)MPPT for a CLC-based MGBC is presented.The comparison is made in terms of rise time,voltage ripples(%),steady-state time and boost factor.The output characteristics of the developed model for different irradiation conditions are analysed using the MATLAB/Simulink tool.The MPPT simulation result exhibits minimum oscillations at MPP and a significantly better rise time of 0.015 s when compared with a conventional MPPT and FLB MPPT.The proposed CLC-MGBC gives an appreciable boost factor of 4.The generated SPV power is supplied to the grid through a conventional inverter and synchronized using a phase-locked loop system.The total harmonic distortion of 1.66%obtained in the output current of the inverter is within the permissible range of the IEEE standards.展开更多
Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the out...Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the outbreak.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed all samples tested for measles from 1st of May to 30th of November,2023 at National Measles Rubella Laboratory,Sri Lanka.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)algorithm,serum and oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with WHO recommended kits for anti-measles IgM and measles virus specific RNA,respectively.Selected RNA positive samples were sequenced at reference laboratory,India.Analysis of sequencing data and construction of phylogenetic tree were carried out at National Measles Rubella Laboratory.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Of the total 1132 serum samples and 497 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 1326 patients,657(49.5%)patients were confirmed as measles by anti-measles IgM,measles virus specific RNA or both.Males(55.6%,n=365)and the age group from>20 to≤30 years(33.0%,n=217)predominated positive patients.All provinces reported measles positive cases.All samples sequenced(100%,n=42)were genotype D8 with 95.2%(n=40)bearing Victoria.Australia origin.Conclusions:We described resurgence of measles in an eliminated country,confirming the genotype to be D8,one of the two genotypes currently circulating globally.Further,the study strongly convinced the importance of a strengthened virological surveillance system in an eliminated country,despite its eliminated status.展开更多
Background Intraoperative antiplatelet therapy is recommended for emergent stenting during mechanical thrombectomy(MT).Most patients undergoing MT are also given thrombolysis.Antiplatelet agents are contraindicated wi...Background Intraoperative antiplatelet therapy is recommended for emergent stenting during mechanical thrombectomy(MT).Most patients undergoing MT are also given thrombolysis.Antiplatelet agents are contraindicated within 24 hours of thrombolysis.We evaluated outcomes and complications of patients stented with and without intravenous aspirin during MT.Methods All patients who underwent emergent extracranial stenting during MT at the Royal Stoke University Hospital,UK between 2010 and 2020,were included.Patients were thrombolysed before MT,unless contraindicated.Aspirin 500 mg intravenously was given intraoperatively at the discretion of the operator.Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage(sICH)and the National Institutes for Health Stroke Scale score(NIHSS)were recorded at 7 days,and mortality and functional recovery(modified Rankin Scale:mRS≤2)at 90 days.Results Out of 565 patients treated by MT 102 patients(median age 67 IQR 57–72 years,baseline median NIHSS 18 IQR 13–23,76(75%)thrombolysed)had a stent placed.Of these 49(48%)were given aspirin and 53(52%)were not.Patients treated with aspirin had greater NIHSS improvement(median 8 IQR 1–16 vs median 3 IQR-9–8 points,p=0.003),but there were no significant differences in sICH(2/49(4%)vs 9/53(17%)),mRS≤2(25/49(51%)vs 19/53(36%))and mortality(10/49(20%)vs 12/53(23%))with and without aspirin.NIHSS improvement(median 12 IQR 4–18 vs median 7 IQR-7–10,p=0.01)was greater,and mortality was lower(4/33(12%)vs 6/15(40%),p=0.05)when aspirin was combined with thrombolysis,than for aspirin alone,with no increase in bleeding.Conclusion Our findings based on registry data derived from routine clinical care suggest that intraprocedural intravenous aspirin in patients undergoing emergent stenting during MT does not increase sICH and is associated with good clinical outcomes,even when combined with intravenous thrombolysis.展开更多
Nanotechnology deals with particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size called as nanoparticles.These nano particles exhibit unique properties which find an application in many industries and medical fields.A growing bod...Nanotechnology deals with particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size called as nanoparticles.These nano particles exhibit unique properties which find an application in many industries and medical fields.A growing body of evidence points out the newer developing technologies adopted in the field of medicine in terms of target therapies,imaging systems,drug deliveries,etc.is through the incorporation of nanoparticles.Cerium oxide nanoparticles have gained attention in the last decade due to exceptional properties such as redox activity,biofilm inhibition,antibacterial activity,anti-inflammatory activity,etc.The method of synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles plays a pivotal role in its application.It exhibits redox properties and catalytic activity and thus has found its use in biomedical applications.Nanoparticles are incorporated into dental materials such as restorative cements/sealants,adhesives,and denture systems to improve their properties.Among the various metal oxide nanoparticles,ce rium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)NPs)are known to exhibit lower toxicity to mammalian cells and possess unique antibacterial mechanism.In addition,they exhibit potent properties such as antitumor,antiinflammatory,antibacterial activities,and functions as an immunosensor.CeO_(2)NPs have excellent scavenging properties for reactive oxygen species,which is why they are being considered for therapeutic purposes.In this review,various methods of synthesis of CeO_(2)NPs are discussed.Several factors that determine the particle size and morphology of these materials are important for biomedical and dental applications.Emphasis is given to preparation methods and variables such as calcination temperature,which have a profound effect on particle size and morphology.This article also presents various applications of CeO_(2)NPs in the biomedical and dental fields.展开更多
Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a complex medical condition characterized by substantial morbidity and a negative impact on one’s quality of life. There are several treatment approaches available, ...Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a complex medical condition characterized by substantial morbidity and a negative impact on one’s quality of life. There are several treatment approaches available, tailored to the severity of the condition, which can enhance overall quality of life. Aim: In this article, we outline a systematic approach to managing chronic urticaria, while also elucidating the available treatment strategies for cases that prove resistant to conventional therapies. To illustrate our points, we present a clinical case as a practical example. Case Presentation: Here, we present a patient with CSU since childhood who presented in the context of refractory hives and generalized arthralgia that responded well to omalizumab therapy with no further relapse. Conclusion: Omalizumab is a biological agent that offers a potential treatment option for CSU. It is available for individuals twelve years and older who have not responded well to conventional treatments. It has demonstrated good efficacy with a relatively low rate of clinically significant adverse effects. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research regarding the optimal method for tapering the dosage and determining the duration of treatment.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the application of Ziehl-Neelsen(Z-N) and fluorescent microscopy in detection of acid fast bacilli(AFB).Methods:Duplicate smears were prepared from 260 sputum samples and stained with Z-N and ...Objective:To investigate the application of Ziehl-Neelsen(Z-N) and fluorescent microscopy in detection of acid fast bacilli(AFB).Methods:Duplicate smears were prepared from 260 sputum samples and stained with Z-N and fluorescent staining(FS) methods.The efficiency of both methods in primary diagnosis of tuberculosis were evaluated.Results:The smears were positive for AFB in 15(5.77%) samples by Z-N staining method and in 16(6.15%) samples by FS method.The sensitivity and specificity of Z-N staining method against FS method were 93.75% and 100%respectively.Conclusions:Though lesser cost-effective than Z-N,FS method is a more sensitive and better case finding tool in detection of AFB.展开更多
Wireless and mobile networks seem to deliver tremendous uses. In its way, MANET leads to enormous real world applications. Routing allows us to implement many real world applications. Complete affinity in an infrequen...Wireless and mobile networks seem to deliver tremendous uses. In its way, MANET leads to enormous real world applications. Routing allows us to implement many real world applications. Complete affinity in an infrequent network like ICMANET is highly impossible. Disconnected MANET is also known as ICMANET which is also a DTN (Delay Torrent Network) that supports for higher delays. It is laborious process to execute routing in a diffused network process to execute routing in a diffused network. To deliver the data packets towards the destined node to its best, a new strategy in routing called Ant routing protocol in concoction with storage strategy LoDis has been proposed. Despite of routing, security is still an unsolved problem. To evaluate this situation, this paper presents a methodology called agent technology which yields a secure routing. Hostile node in the network is spotted with the help of agent at each node. A cryptographic algorithm Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is habituated to improve secure communication in wide range Mobility and total number of nodes in the network act as variables in examining the hostile nodes in the network to judge the standard of security. Improved performance along with the security is the point to be highlighted.展开更多
In the field of stroke imaging, deep learning (DL) has enormousuntapped potential.When clinically significant symptoms of a cerebral strokeare detected, it is crucial to make an urgent diagnosis using available imagin...In the field of stroke imaging, deep learning (DL) has enormousuntapped potential.When clinically significant symptoms of a cerebral strokeare detected, it is crucial to make an urgent diagnosis using available imagingtechniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans. The purpose of thiswork is to classify brain CT images as normal, surviving ischemia or cerebralhemorrhage based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) model. In thisstudy, we propose a computer-aided diagnostic system (CAD) for categorizingcerebral strokes using computed tomography images. Horizontal flip datamagnification techniques were used to obtain more accurate categorization.Image Data Generator to magnify the image in real time and apply anyrandom transformations to each training image. An early stopping method toavoid overtraining. As a result, the proposed methods improved several estimationparameters such as accuracy and recall, compared to other machinelearning methods. A python web application was created to demonstrate theresults of CNN model classification using cloud development techniques. Inour case, the model correctly identified the drawing class as normal with 79%accuracy. Based on the collected results, it was determined that the presentedautomated diagnostic system could be used to assist medical professionals indetecting and classifying brain strokes.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of alkaloid extract of Cyclea peltata(C.peltata) against paracetamol/carbon tetra chloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats.Methods:In viro para...Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of alkaloid extract of Cyclea peltata(C.peltata) against paracetamol/carbon tetra chloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats.Methods:In viro paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats,in vitro free radical scavenging studies,HPTLC estimation of letrandrine and direct analysis in real timemass spectrometry of alkaloid extract of C.peltata were used for the validation.Results:The results showed that pretreatment with alkaloid extract of C.peltata caused significant reduction of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase,serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,serum alkaline phosphatase,serum cholesterol,liver malondialdehyde levels.The reduced glutathione,catalase,superoxide dismutase levels in liver were increased with alkaloid extract of C.peltata treatment.These results were almost comparable to silymarin and normal control.Histopathological studies also substantiated the biochemical findings.The in vitro hydroxyl,superoxide and DPPH scavenging study of alkaloid extract of C. peltata showed significant free radical scavenging property.Conclusions:The hepatoprotective property of alkaloid extract of C.peltata against paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride may be due the synergistic action of alkaloids especially tetrandrine,fangchinoline through free radical scavenging and thus preventing oxidative stress.展开更多
Major chemical properties of tea-growing soils are of paramount importance for better management in a sustainable fashion.Therefore,this study was carried out to understand the major soil chemical properties of major ...Major chemical properties of tea-growing soils are of paramount importance for better management in a sustainable fashion.Therefore,this study was carried out to understand the major soil chemical properties of major tea(Camellia sinensis L.)-growing areas,Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts,in the state of Assam,India.A total of 991 surface soil samples were collected from 15 large tea estates(TEs) for analysis of their major chemical properties.Soil pH ranged from 3.61 to 6.81.Total organic carbon and total nitrogen ranged from 2.4 to 47.3 and 0.24 to 3.60 g kg^(-1),respectively.All soils were sufficiently rich in plant-available potassium(as K_2O),which ranged from 127.71 to 252.33 mg kg^(-1),exceeding the amount prescribed for optimum tea yield of > 100 mg kg^(-1).Plant-available sulfur among soil samples widely varied from 4 to 129 mg kg^(-1).Results of hierarchical clustering analysis for homogenous grouping of the 15 TEs based on soil chemical properties showed that the 15 TEs could be classified into three distinct groups which consisted of6,8 and 1 TEs,respectively.Based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S) test,the best fitted theoretical probability distributions were found out for different soil chemical properties.It could be concluded that a balanced fertilizer application would be needed as a part of tea improvement program using soil chemical test.展开更多
The required treatment and monitoring of contaminants in wastewater reinforces the development of low-cost adsorbents/chemosensors,introducing advantages relative to the detection/removal of toxic metals and dyes.Here...The required treatment and monitoring of contaminants in wastewater reinforces the development of low-cost adsorbents/chemosensors,introducing advantages relative to the detection/removal of toxic metals and dyes.Herein,it is reported a two-step process of fabrication of fluorescent carbon dots via the hydrothermal treatment of amino acids for the following encapsulation in electrospun fibers.The prominent anionic behavior of electrospun fibers of Eudragit L100 was explored for adsorption of cationic dyes(methylene blue and crystal violet)-with the prevailing electrostatic interaction of parts being favored by the formation of monolayers on the surface of adsorbents.On the other hand,the controlled release of carbon dots(CDs)from fibers to the reactor can be explored for a second application:the nitrogen ligands from released glycine-based carbon dots can be explored to indicate the presence of metal ions in aqueous solution.Our experiment resulted in a quenching in the fluorescence of the CDs in order of 90%in the emission of particles in the response of the presence of Fe^(3+) ions,characterizing a promising perspective for this experimental system.展开更多
In plants,the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal signaling.The perception of pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns(PAMPs)frominvadingmicroorganismsinhibits auxin signalingand plant growth.Co...In plants,the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal signaling.The perception of pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns(PAMPs)frominvadingmicroorganismsinhibits auxin signalingand plant growth.Conversely,pathogens manipulate auxin signaling to promote disease,but how this hormone inhibits immunity is not fully understood.Ustilago maydis is a maize pathogen that induces auxin signaling in its host.We characterized a U.maydis effector protein,Naked1(Nkd1),that is translocated into the host nucleus.Through its native ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,Nkd1 binds to the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLESS/TOPLESS-related(TPL/TPRs)and prevents the recruitment of a transcriptional repressor involved in hormonal signaling,leading to the derepression of auxin and jasmonate signaling and thereby promoting susceptibility to(hemi)biotrophic pathogens.A moderate upregulation of auxin signaling inhibits the PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst,an early defense response.Thus,our findings establish a clear mechanism for auxin-induced pathogen susceptibility.Engineered Nkd1 variants with increased expression or increased EAR-mediated TPL/TPR binding trigger typical salicylic-acid-mediated defense reactions,leading to pathogen resistance.This implies that moderate binding of Nkd1 to TPL is a result of a balancing evolutionary selection process to enable TPL manipulation while avoiding host recognition.展开更多
The solubility enhancement of diazepam and nitrazepam in water was analyzed depending on temperature and amount of α-cyclodextrin ( α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD). Th...The solubility enhancement of diazepam and nitrazepam in water was analyzed depending on temperature and amount of α-cyclodextrin ( α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD). The interactions of drug-cyclodextrin in solution were investigated by the phase-solubility analysis. Diazepam (nitrazepam) content in aqueous complexation medium was analyzed UV spectrophotometrically. Classical solubility data were used to derive apparent stability constants (K1:1) which were used to derive thermodynamic parameters for the diazepam (nitrazepam)-cyclodextrin complexes. Since all phase solubility plots were of AL–types, and calculated Slopes after linear regression analysis were found to be less than 1, it could be assumed that stoichiometry of the formed binary systems was 1:1. According to the calculated K1:1 values, the stability of the complexes of diazepam and nitrazepam with a-CD, β-CD and 2-HP-β-CD varies as follows: 2-HP-β-CD > β-CD > β-CD. The a-CD has higher affinity for dissolving nitrazepam compared to diazepam. While all parameters lead to an improvement in solubility, the largest effect was obtained for guest-host complexation with 2-HP-β-CD. The solubility of diazepam and nitrazepam in water increased 93.02 times and 64.23 times, respectively, in the presence of 40% (w/w) 2-HP-β-CD, at 25°C. Solubility data for diazepam and nitrazepam in aqueous 2-HP-b-CD were used to derive thermodynamic parameters, ΔG° at 298 K = –14.43 kJ·mol–1, ΔH° = 0.79 kJ·mol–1, ΔS° at 298 K = 51.17 J·mol–1·K–1 and ΔG° at 298 K = –13.43 kJ·mol–1, ΔH° = 2.38 kJ·mol–1, ΔS° at 298 K = 53.01 J·mol–1·K–1, respectively. Formation of inclusion complexes substantially increases the water solubility of diazepam and nitrazepam. Diazepam and nitrazepam dissolution thermodynamics in aqueous 2-HP-β-CD were characterized by spontaneous and endothermic dissolution and hydrophobic interactions.展开更多
Forensic experts are often expected to provide an opinion on alleged physical or sexual contact between individuals following medicolegal examination of a case of sexual abuse(SA).There are many factors influencing th...Forensic experts are often expected to provide an opinion on alleged physical or sexual contact between individuals following medicolegal examination of a case of sexual abuse(SA).There are many factors influencing the opinion.A retrospective descriptive study was performed to study the factors influencing the medicolegal opinion in SA forensic examination using medical and medicolegal records of alleged SA victims to extract data.Records of 441 victims were studied.A majority,180(40%),presented due to the guardian’s concerns-302(68%)presented for medicolegal examination 72 h after the incident.Recent injuries were observed in only 15%of the victims.Genital injuries were observed in 74%of the victims brought due to concerns of the guardians,with 12 victims having recent injuries.Of the 172 victims who complained of vaginal intercourse,21%had recent injuries.A firm positive medicolegal opinion could be given in 63%of all cases.In 124 individuals,a firm positive or negative opinion could not be given.A majority(n=90,73%)of these individuals did not have any injuries,while 23%had healed injuries.According to the nature of the complaint,in a significant number of victims(53%),no scientific evidence was present to make a firm opinion.The nature of the sexual act and the absence of injuries influence the medicolegal opinion on SA,making it a challenging task for forensic experts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare hematologic malignancy defined as an extramedullary tumor of immature granulocytic cells.It can occur as primary or de novo and be associated with myelodysplasia or myeloprolife...BACKGROUND Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare hematologic malignancy defined as an extramedullary tumor of immature granulocytic cells.It can occur as primary or de novo and be associated with myelodysplasia or myeloproliferative neoplasms.The most frequent locations are the skin,lymph nodes and bones.The case of a patient with a diagnosis of primary granulocytic de novo gastric MS is reported.CASE SUMMARY A 19-year-old female patient with MS,whose abdominal computed tomography showed a bulky tumor of 16.5 cm in the gastric chamber with infiltration in the retroperitoneal,pancreatic and bile duct region;the histological study showed gastric mucosa diffusely infiltrated by mononucleated cells and the immunohistochemistry expressed myeloperoxidase.After receiving induction chemotherapy based on the 3+7 regimen(daunorubicin/cytarabine),the patient developed severe hematological toxicity and neutropenic typhlitis which required a prolonged medical treatment.She presented a rapid disease progression.Although she received supportive treatment,the patient died.CONCLUSION Gastric primary de novo MS is a rare and aggressive course neoplasm,fostering knowledge is very important to decide its management and to promote more approaches focused on understanding this pathology and its particularities in our population.展开更多
Recently,the fast frequency response(FFR)service by large-scale battery energy storage systems(BESSs)has been successfully proved to arrest the frequency excursion during an unexpected power outage.However,adequate fr...Recently,the fast frequency response(FFR)service by large-scale battery energy storage systems(BESSs)has been successfully proved to arrest the frequency excursion during an unexpected power outage.However,adequate frequency response relies on proper evaluation of the contingency reserve of BESSs.The BESS FFR reserve is commonly managed under fixed contracts,ignoring various response characteristics of different BESSs and their coexisting interactions.This paper proposes a new methodology based on dynamic grid response and various BESS response characteristics to optimise the FFR reserves and prevent the frequency from breaching the under-frequency load shedding(UFLS)thresholds.The superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated to manage three large-scale BESSs operating simultaneously in an Australian power grid under high renewable penetration scenarios.Further,the proposed method can identify remaining battery power and energy reserve to be safely utilised for other grid services(e.g.,energy arbitrage).The results can provide valuable insights for integrating FFR into conventional ancillary services and techno-effective management of multiple BESSs.展开更多
文摘Background: The incidence of intracranial metastases (ICMET) has been steadily rising, and its frequency with respect to primary brain tumours is relatively high. Objective: The objectives of this study were to elucidate the current epidemiology and describe the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of ICMET in Yaounde. Method and findings: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the neurosurgery departments of the General and Central Hospitals of Yaounde during the period from January 2016 to December 2022. We included all medical booklets of patients admitted for a tumoral intracranial expansive process with our target population being patients with histological evidence of ICMET, and did a retrospective inclusion of data using a pre-established technical form aimed at collecting sociodemographic data, clinical data, paraclinical data, and the treatment procedures. Analysis was done using the SPSS statistical software. A total of 614 cases of intracranial tumors were included among whom 35 presented histological evidence of ICMET. This gives a frequency of 5.7%. The sex ratio was 0.94, the mean age was 55.68 +/- 14.4 years, extremes 28 and 86 years and the age range 50 - 59 was affected in 28.57% of cases. The clinical presentation included signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, blurred vision, vomiting) in 26 cases (74.3%), motor deficit 48.6%, seizures 17.1%. The mode of onset was metachronous in 71.4% and synchronous in 28.6%. The imaging techniques were cerebral CT scan in 82.9%, cerebral MRI in 40%, TAP scan in 22.9%. The metastatic lesions were supratentorial in 94.3% and single in 62.9%. The primary cancers found were breast cancer (31.4%), lung cancer (25.7%), prostate cancer (17.1%), thyroid cancer (5.7%), colon cancer (2.9%), and melanoma (2.9%). The therapeutic modalities were total resection (68.6%), radiotherapy (37.1%). Conclusion: Intracranial metastases are relatively frequent. There is a female sex predominance and the age group 50 - 59 years is the most affected. Brai
文摘Background: The differential diagnosis for intracavitary cardiac masses is limited, typically including vegetations, tumors, or thrombi. Cardiac thrombi can often mimic cardiac tumors on imaging, creating a diagnostic challenge. Primary cardiac tumors are rare and usually benign, whereas most cardiac tumors result from metastases, commonly originating from malignancies in the breast, lung, or melanoma. Aim: This report highlights the importance of distinguishing various cardiac masses based on clinical presentations, clinical courses, and radiological features. Case Presentation: We describe two cases of cardiac masses with unique and diverse clinical features. Each case posed significant diagnostic challenges due to their distinct presentations and clinical progressions. Conclusion: These cases underscore the importance of considering both benign and metastatic origins in the differential diagnosis of intracavitary cardiac masses. Accurate differentiation between thrombi and tumors is crucial for appropriate management and treatment.
文摘Introduction: The choice of adopting unilateral pedicle screw fixation or using bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal stenosis remains controversial. In our context, very few studies have been performed comparing the clinical effectiveness of unilateral versus bilateral fixation in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Objective: Evaluate the impact on quality of life and clinical efficacy of unilateral spondylodesis compared to bilateral spondylodesis in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis at the Yaounde Central Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study for a period of 4 years, from June 2015 to June 2019. It involved all patients operated for lumbar canal stenosis and who underwent spondylodesis or spinal fusion at the neurosurgery department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: A total of 68 participants were recruited during our study period. 32 (47%) of the study population were in the 50 - 60 age group, with a mean age of 56.98 years ranging from 41 to 75 years. Females, housewives and farmers were the most affected. In our study, 72% of patients had unilateral spondylodesis and 28% had bilateral fusion. Preoperatively, 71% of patients had insurmountable pain, refractory to medical treatment. At 3 months postoperatively, 73.7% of patients with bilateral setup had moderate pain compared to 69% of those with unilateral setup. At 6 months postoperatively, 79% of patients with bilateral fusion had mild pain compared to 82% of patients with unilateral setup. At 1 year postoperatively, all patients had mild pain. Preoperatively, 66.2% of patients were unable to walk and 19.1% of patients were bedridden according to the Oswestry score. At 3 months postoperatively, 10.2% of patients with unilateral setup were unable to walk compared to 10.5% of patients with bilateral fixation, while 67.3% of patients with unilateral fixation had moderate disability compared to 52.6% of patients with bilateral fixation. At 6 months postopera
基金the NHMRC Investigator grant fellowship (APP1176298)the EMCR grant from the Centre for Biomedical Technologies (QUT)+4 种基金the QUT Postgraduate Research Award (QUTPRA)QUT HDR TOP-UP scholarshipQUT HDR Tuition Fee Sponsorshipfunding support from the Academy of Finland (315820)the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation (190001).
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues,including cartilage,bone,synovium,and adipose tissues.OA presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes,including inflammatory,metabolic,mechanical,genetic,and synovial variants.Consequently,innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic approaches.Traditional analysis of bulk OA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints,causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint tissues.This issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical trials.Gaining insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in OA tissues,encompassing DNA,RNA,metabolites,and proteins,as well as their chemical properties,elemental composition,and mechanical attributes,can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease subtypes.Spatially resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment,providing a more holistic view of cellular function.Recent advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various-omics lenses,such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,with spatial data.This fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial coordinates.Furthermore,advanced imaging techniques,including high-resolution microscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and mass spectrometry imaging,enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules,cells,and tissues.Linking these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes.This review summarizes the recent advancements in the molecular imaging modali
文摘This paper analyses the performance of a multiple gain boost converter(MGBC)connected to a solar photovoltaic(SPV)system with a grid-tied inverter.The capacitor inductor capacitor(CLC)-based MGBC is integrated to lift the output voltage of the SPV to the required level.The voltage lifts/levels in a boost converter(BC)are based on the number of CLC cells.The suggested MGBC is compared with various conventional BCs in terms of boost factor and component count.A hybrid fuzzy logic-perturb&observe maximum power point tracker(HFL-P&O MPPT)developed is used to monitor P_(max)(maximum power)generated by the SPV.Also,a comparative analysis of the suggested MPPT with a conventional P&O and fuzzy logic-based(FLB)MPPT for a CLC-based MGBC is presented.The comparison is made in terms of rise time,voltage ripples(%),steady-state time and boost factor.The output characteristics of the developed model for different irradiation conditions are analysed using the MATLAB/Simulink tool.The MPPT simulation result exhibits minimum oscillations at MPP and a significantly better rise time of 0.015 s when compared with a conventional MPPT and FLB MPPT.The proposed CLC-MGBC gives an appreciable boost factor of 4.The generated SPV power is supplied to the grid through a conventional inverter and synchronized using a phase-locked loop system.The total harmonic distortion of 1.66%obtained in the output current of the inverter is within the permissible range of the IEEE standards.
文摘Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the outbreak.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed all samples tested for measles from 1st of May to 30th of November,2023 at National Measles Rubella Laboratory,Sri Lanka.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)algorithm,serum and oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with WHO recommended kits for anti-measles IgM and measles virus specific RNA,respectively.Selected RNA positive samples were sequenced at reference laboratory,India.Analysis of sequencing data and construction of phylogenetic tree were carried out at National Measles Rubella Laboratory.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Of the total 1132 serum samples and 497 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 1326 patients,657(49.5%)patients were confirmed as measles by anti-measles IgM,measles virus specific RNA or both.Males(55.6%,n=365)and the age group from>20 to≤30 years(33.0%,n=217)predominated positive patients.All provinces reported measles positive cases.All samples sequenced(100%,n=42)were genotype D8 with 95.2%(n=40)bearing Victoria.Australia origin.Conclusions:We described resurgence of measles in an eliminated country,confirming the genotype to be D8,one of the two genotypes currently circulating globally.Further,the study strongly convinced the importance of a strengthened virological surveillance system in an eliminated country,despite its eliminated status.
文摘Background Intraoperative antiplatelet therapy is recommended for emergent stenting during mechanical thrombectomy(MT).Most patients undergoing MT are also given thrombolysis.Antiplatelet agents are contraindicated within 24 hours of thrombolysis.We evaluated outcomes and complications of patients stented with and without intravenous aspirin during MT.Methods All patients who underwent emergent extracranial stenting during MT at the Royal Stoke University Hospital,UK between 2010 and 2020,were included.Patients were thrombolysed before MT,unless contraindicated.Aspirin 500 mg intravenously was given intraoperatively at the discretion of the operator.Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage(sICH)and the National Institutes for Health Stroke Scale score(NIHSS)were recorded at 7 days,and mortality and functional recovery(modified Rankin Scale:mRS≤2)at 90 days.Results Out of 565 patients treated by MT 102 patients(median age 67 IQR 57–72 years,baseline median NIHSS 18 IQR 13–23,76(75%)thrombolysed)had a stent placed.Of these 49(48%)were given aspirin and 53(52%)were not.Patients treated with aspirin had greater NIHSS improvement(median 8 IQR 1–16 vs median 3 IQR-9–8 points,p=0.003),but there were no significant differences in sICH(2/49(4%)vs 9/53(17%)),mRS≤2(25/49(51%)vs 19/53(36%))and mortality(10/49(20%)vs 12/53(23%))with and without aspirin.NIHSS improvement(median 12 IQR 4–18 vs median 7 IQR-7–10,p=0.01)was greater,and mortality was lower(4/33(12%)vs 6/15(40%),p=0.05)when aspirin was combined with thrombolysis,than for aspirin alone,with no increase in bleeding.Conclusion Our findings based on registry data derived from routine clinical care suggest that intraprocedural intravenous aspirin in patients undergoing emergent stenting during MT does not increase sICH and is associated with good clinical outcomes,even when combined with intravenous thrombolysis.
基金Project supported by the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry (ISPPD/2022/111)。
文摘Nanotechnology deals with particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size called as nanoparticles.These nano particles exhibit unique properties which find an application in many industries and medical fields.A growing body of evidence points out the newer developing technologies adopted in the field of medicine in terms of target therapies,imaging systems,drug deliveries,etc.is through the incorporation of nanoparticles.Cerium oxide nanoparticles have gained attention in the last decade due to exceptional properties such as redox activity,biofilm inhibition,antibacterial activity,anti-inflammatory activity,etc.The method of synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles plays a pivotal role in its application.It exhibits redox properties and catalytic activity and thus has found its use in biomedical applications.Nanoparticles are incorporated into dental materials such as restorative cements/sealants,adhesives,and denture systems to improve their properties.Among the various metal oxide nanoparticles,ce rium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)NPs)are known to exhibit lower toxicity to mammalian cells and possess unique antibacterial mechanism.In addition,they exhibit potent properties such as antitumor,antiinflammatory,antibacterial activities,and functions as an immunosensor.CeO_(2)NPs have excellent scavenging properties for reactive oxygen species,which is why they are being considered for therapeutic purposes.In this review,various methods of synthesis of CeO_(2)NPs are discussed.Several factors that determine the particle size and morphology of these materials are important for biomedical and dental applications.Emphasis is given to preparation methods and variables such as calcination temperature,which have a profound effect on particle size and morphology.This article also presents various applications of CeO_(2)NPs in the biomedical and dental fields.
文摘Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a complex medical condition characterized by substantial morbidity and a negative impact on one’s quality of life. There are several treatment approaches available, tailored to the severity of the condition, which can enhance overall quality of life. Aim: In this article, we outline a systematic approach to managing chronic urticaria, while also elucidating the available treatment strategies for cases that prove resistant to conventional therapies. To illustrate our points, we present a clinical case as a practical example. Case Presentation: Here, we present a patient with CSU since childhood who presented in the context of refractory hives and generalized arthralgia that responded well to omalizumab therapy with no further relapse. Conclusion: Omalizumab is a biological agent that offers a potential treatment option for CSU. It is available for individuals twelve years and older who have not responded well to conventional treatments. It has demonstrated good efficacy with a relatively low rate of clinically significant adverse effects. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research regarding the optimal method for tapering the dosage and determining the duration of treatment.
文摘Objective:To investigate the application of Ziehl-Neelsen(Z-N) and fluorescent microscopy in detection of acid fast bacilli(AFB).Methods:Duplicate smears were prepared from 260 sputum samples and stained with Z-N and fluorescent staining(FS) methods.The efficiency of both methods in primary diagnosis of tuberculosis were evaluated.Results:The smears were positive for AFB in 15(5.77%) samples by Z-N staining method and in 16(6.15%) samples by FS method.The sensitivity and specificity of Z-N staining method against FS method were 93.75% and 100%respectively.Conclusions:Though lesser cost-effective than Z-N,FS method is a more sensitive and better case finding tool in detection of AFB.
文摘Wireless and mobile networks seem to deliver tremendous uses. In its way, MANET leads to enormous real world applications. Routing allows us to implement many real world applications. Complete affinity in an infrequent network like ICMANET is highly impossible. Disconnected MANET is also known as ICMANET which is also a DTN (Delay Torrent Network) that supports for higher delays. It is laborious process to execute routing in a diffused network process to execute routing in a diffused network. To deliver the data packets towards the destined node to its best, a new strategy in routing called Ant routing protocol in concoction with storage strategy LoDis has been proposed. Despite of routing, security is still an unsolved problem. To evaluate this situation, this paper presents a methodology called agent technology which yields a secure routing. Hostile node in the network is spotted with the help of agent at each node. A cryptographic algorithm Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is habituated to improve secure communication in wide range Mobility and total number of nodes in the network act as variables in examining the hostile nodes in the network to judge the standard of security. Improved performance along with the security is the point to be highlighted.
文摘In the field of stroke imaging, deep learning (DL) has enormousuntapped potential.When clinically significant symptoms of a cerebral strokeare detected, it is crucial to make an urgent diagnosis using available imagingtechniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans. The purpose of thiswork is to classify brain CT images as normal, surviving ischemia or cerebralhemorrhage based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) model. In thisstudy, we propose a computer-aided diagnostic system (CAD) for categorizingcerebral strokes using computed tomography images. Horizontal flip datamagnification techniques were used to obtain more accurate categorization.Image Data Generator to magnify the image in real time and apply anyrandom transformations to each training image. An early stopping method toavoid overtraining. As a result, the proposed methods improved several estimationparameters such as accuracy and recall, compared to other machinelearning methods. A python web application was created to demonstrate theresults of CNN model classification using cloud development techniques. Inour case, the model correctly identified the drawing class as normal with 79%accuracy. Based on the collected results, it was determined that the presentedautomated diagnostic system could be used to assist medical professionals indetecting and classifying brain strokes.
基金Supported by Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),NewDelhi(Grant No.45/9/2007/BMS/TRM)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of alkaloid extract of Cyclea peltata(C.peltata) against paracetamol/carbon tetra chloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats.Methods:In viro paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats,in vitro free radical scavenging studies,HPTLC estimation of letrandrine and direct analysis in real timemass spectrometry of alkaloid extract of C.peltata were used for the validation.Results:The results showed that pretreatment with alkaloid extract of C.peltata caused significant reduction of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase,serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,serum alkaline phosphatase,serum cholesterol,liver malondialdehyde levels.The reduced glutathione,catalase,superoxide dismutase levels in liver were increased with alkaloid extract of C.peltata treatment.These results were almost comparable to silymarin and normal control.Histopathological studies also substantiated the biochemical findings.The in vitro hydroxyl,superoxide and DPPH scavenging study of alkaloid extract of C. peltata showed significant free radical scavenging property.Conclusions:The hepatoprotective property of alkaloid extract of C.peltata against paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride may be due the synergistic action of alkaloids especially tetrandrine,fangchinoline through free radical scavenging and thus preventing oxidative stress.
文摘Major chemical properties of tea-growing soils are of paramount importance for better management in a sustainable fashion.Therefore,this study was carried out to understand the major soil chemical properties of major tea(Camellia sinensis L.)-growing areas,Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts,in the state of Assam,India.A total of 991 surface soil samples were collected from 15 large tea estates(TEs) for analysis of their major chemical properties.Soil pH ranged from 3.61 to 6.81.Total organic carbon and total nitrogen ranged from 2.4 to 47.3 and 0.24 to 3.60 g kg^(-1),respectively.All soils were sufficiently rich in plant-available potassium(as K_2O),which ranged from 127.71 to 252.33 mg kg^(-1),exceeding the amount prescribed for optimum tea yield of > 100 mg kg^(-1).Plant-available sulfur among soil samples widely varied from 4 to 129 mg kg^(-1).Results of hierarchical clustering analysis for homogenous grouping of the 15 TEs based on soil chemical properties showed that the 15 TEs could be classified into three distinct groups which consisted of6,8 and 1 TEs,respectively.Based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S) test,the best fitted theoretical probability distributions were found out for different soil chemical properties.It could be concluded that a balanced fertilizer application would be needed as a part of tea improvement program using soil chemical test.
基金supported by the Brazilian agencies’FINEP,CAPES,FAPESB,FACEPE,and CNPq.Y.X.acknowledges FAPERJ(Grant numbers E-26/010.000978/2019 and E-26/010.001550/2019).
文摘The required treatment and monitoring of contaminants in wastewater reinforces the development of low-cost adsorbents/chemosensors,introducing advantages relative to the detection/removal of toxic metals and dyes.Herein,it is reported a two-step process of fabrication of fluorescent carbon dots via the hydrothermal treatment of amino acids for the following encapsulation in electrospun fibers.The prominent anionic behavior of electrospun fibers of Eudragit L100 was explored for adsorption of cationic dyes(methylene blue and crystal violet)-with the prevailing electrostatic interaction of parts being favored by the formation of monolayers on the surface of adsorbents.On the other hand,the controlled release of carbon dots(CDs)from fibers to the reactor can be explored for a second application:the nitrogen ligands from released glycine-based carbon dots can be explored to indicate the presence of metal ions in aqueous solution.Our experiment resulted in a quenching in the fluorescence of the CDs in order of 90%in the emission of particles in the response of the presence of Fe^(3+) ions,characterizing a promising perspective for this experimental system.
基金The research leading to these results received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union Seventh Framework Pro-gramme ERC-2013-STG grant agreement 335691the Austrian Science Fund(FWF)P27818-B22,I 3033-B22+1 种基金the Austrian Academy of Sciences(OEAW)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy-EXC 2070-390732324.
文摘In plants,the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal signaling.The perception of pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns(PAMPs)frominvadingmicroorganismsinhibits auxin signalingand plant growth.Conversely,pathogens manipulate auxin signaling to promote disease,but how this hormone inhibits immunity is not fully understood.Ustilago maydis is a maize pathogen that induces auxin signaling in its host.We characterized a U.maydis effector protein,Naked1(Nkd1),that is translocated into the host nucleus.Through its native ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,Nkd1 binds to the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLESS/TOPLESS-related(TPL/TPRs)and prevents the recruitment of a transcriptional repressor involved in hormonal signaling,leading to the derepression of auxin and jasmonate signaling and thereby promoting susceptibility to(hemi)biotrophic pathogens.A moderate upregulation of auxin signaling inhibits the PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst,an early defense response.Thus,our findings establish a clear mechanism for auxin-induced pathogen susceptibility.Engineered Nkd1 variants with increased expression or increased EAR-mediated TPL/TPR binding trigger typical salicylic-acid-mediated defense reactions,leading to pathogen resistance.This implies that moderate binding of Nkd1 to TPL is a result of a balancing evolutionary selection process to enable TPL manipulation while avoiding host recognition.
文摘The solubility enhancement of diazepam and nitrazepam in water was analyzed depending on temperature and amount of α-cyclodextrin ( α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD). The interactions of drug-cyclodextrin in solution were investigated by the phase-solubility analysis. Diazepam (nitrazepam) content in aqueous complexation medium was analyzed UV spectrophotometrically. Classical solubility data were used to derive apparent stability constants (K1:1) which were used to derive thermodynamic parameters for the diazepam (nitrazepam)-cyclodextrin complexes. Since all phase solubility plots were of AL–types, and calculated Slopes after linear regression analysis were found to be less than 1, it could be assumed that stoichiometry of the formed binary systems was 1:1. According to the calculated K1:1 values, the stability of the complexes of diazepam and nitrazepam with a-CD, β-CD and 2-HP-β-CD varies as follows: 2-HP-β-CD > β-CD > β-CD. The a-CD has higher affinity for dissolving nitrazepam compared to diazepam. While all parameters lead to an improvement in solubility, the largest effect was obtained for guest-host complexation with 2-HP-β-CD. The solubility of diazepam and nitrazepam in water increased 93.02 times and 64.23 times, respectively, in the presence of 40% (w/w) 2-HP-β-CD, at 25°C. Solubility data for diazepam and nitrazepam in aqueous 2-HP-b-CD were used to derive thermodynamic parameters, ΔG° at 298 K = –14.43 kJ·mol–1, ΔH° = 0.79 kJ·mol–1, ΔS° at 298 K = 51.17 J·mol–1·K–1 and ΔG° at 298 K = –13.43 kJ·mol–1, ΔH° = 2.38 kJ·mol–1, ΔS° at 298 K = 53.01 J·mol–1·K–1, respectively. Formation of inclusion complexes substantially increases the water solubility of diazepam and nitrazepam. Diazepam and nitrazepam dissolution thermodynamics in aqueous 2-HP-β-CD were characterized by spontaneous and endothermic dissolution and hydrophobic interactions.
文摘Forensic experts are often expected to provide an opinion on alleged physical or sexual contact between individuals following medicolegal examination of a case of sexual abuse(SA).There are many factors influencing the opinion.A retrospective descriptive study was performed to study the factors influencing the medicolegal opinion in SA forensic examination using medical and medicolegal records of alleged SA victims to extract data.Records of 441 victims were studied.A majority,180(40%),presented due to the guardian’s concerns-302(68%)presented for medicolegal examination 72 h after the incident.Recent injuries were observed in only 15%of the victims.Genital injuries were observed in 74%of the victims brought due to concerns of the guardians,with 12 victims having recent injuries.Of the 172 victims who complained of vaginal intercourse,21%had recent injuries.A firm positive medicolegal opinion could be given in 63%of all cases.In 124 individuals,a firm positive or negative opinion could not be given.A majority(n=90,73%)of these individuals did not have any injuries,while 23%had healed injuries.According to the nature of the complaint,in a significant number of victims(53%),no scientific evidence was present to make a firm opinion.The nature of the sexual act and the absence of injuries influence the medicolegal opinion on SA,making it a challenging task for forensic experts.
文摘BACKGROUND Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare hematologic malignancy defined as an extramedullary tumor of immature granulocytic cells.It can occur as primary or de novo and be associated with myelodysplasia or myeloproliferative neoplasms.The most frequent locations are the skin,lymph nodes and bones.The case of a patient with a diagnosis of primary granulocytic de novo gastric MS is reported.CASE SUMMARY A 19-year-old female patient with MS,whose abdominal computed tomography showed a bulky tumor of 16.5 cm in the gastric chamber with infiltration in the retroperitoneal,pancreatic and bile duct region;the histological study showed gastric mucosa diffusely infiltrated by mononucleated cells and the immunohistochemistry expressed myeloperoxidase.After receiving induction chemotherapy based on the 3+7 regimen(daunorubicin/cytarabine),the patient developed severe hematological toxicity and neutropenic typhlitis which required a prolonged medical treatment.She presented a rapid disease progression.Although she received supportive treatment,the patient died.CONCLUSION Gastric primary de novo MS is a rare and aggressive course neoplasm,fostering knowledge is very important to decide its management and to promote more approaches focused on understanding this pathology and its particularities in our population.
文摘Recently,the fast frequency response(FFR)service by large-scale battery energy storage systems(BESSs)has been successfully proved to arrest the frequency excursion during an unexpected power outage.However,adequate frequency response relies on proper evaluation of the contingency reserve of BESSs.The BESS FFR reserve is commonly managed under fixed contracts,ignoring various response characteristics of different BESSs and their coexisting interactions.This paper proposes a new methodology based on dynamic grid response and various BESS response characteristics to optimise the FFR reserves and prevent the frequency from breaching the under-frequency load shedding(UFLS)thresholds.The superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated to manage three large-scale BESSs operating simultaneously in an Australian power grid under high renewable penetration scenarios.Further,the proposed method can identify remaining battery power and energy reserve to be safely utilised for other grid services(e.g.,energy arbitrage).The results can provide valuable insights for integrating FFR into conventional ancillary services and techno-effective management of multiple BESSs.
