Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term heat shocks that threaten the persistence of natural populations.However,most work addressing the evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic enviro...Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term heat shocks that threaten the persistence of natural populations.However,most work addressing the evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic environmental change has focused on natural selection,with less attention paid to the impacts on sexual selection.The conditions under which sexual selection operates is a topic of debate,but a generally observed pattern is that the oper-ational sex ratio(OSR)of a population is key to determining both the extent of competition for fertilizations and the scope for mate choice(Weir et al.2011)展开更多
Background:Non-native wild pigs(Sus scrofa)threaten sensitive flora and fauna,cost billions of dollars in economic damage,and pose a significant human–wildlife conflict risk.Despite growing interest in wild pig resea...Background:Non-native wild pigs(Sus scrofa)threaten sensitive flora and fauna,cost billions of dollars in economic damage,and pose a significant human–wildlife conflict risk.Despite growing interest in wild pig research,basic life history information is often lacking throughout their introduced range and particularly in tropical environments.Similar to other large terrestrial mammals,pigs possess the ability to shift their range based on local climatic conditions or resource availability,further complicating management decisions.The objectives of this study were to(i)model the distribution and abundance of wild pigs across two seasons within a single calendar year;(ii)determine the most important environmental variables driving changes in pig distribution and abundance;and(iii)highlight key differences between seasonal models and their potential management implications.These study objectives were achieved using zero-inflated models constructed from abundance data obtained from extensive field surveys and remotely sensed environmental variables.Results:Our models demonstrate a considerable change in distribution and abundance of wild pigs throughout a single calendar year.Rainfall and vegetation height were among the most influential variables for pig distribution during the spring,and distance to adjacent forest and vegetation density were among the most significant for the fall.Further,our seasonal models show that areas of high conservation value may be more vulnerable to threats from wild pigs at certain times throughout the year,which was not captured by more traditional modeling approaches using aggregated data.Conclusions:Our results suggest that(i)wild pigs can considerably shift their range throughout the calendar year,even in tropical environments;(ii)pigs prefer dense forested areas in the presence of either hunting pressure or an abundance of frugivorous plants,but may shift to adjacent areas in the absence of either of these conditions;and(iii)seasonal models provide valuable biological information 展开更多
基金B.S.W.was funded by the“Adapting to the Challenges of a Changing Environment”(ACCE)Doctoral Training Partnershipwhich is itself funded by the Natural Environment Research Council(NERC)[NERC grant NE/P002692/1 to T.A.R.P.].
文摘Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term heat shocks that threaten the persistence of natural populations.However,most work addressing the evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic environmental change has focused on natural selection,with less attention paid to the impacts on sexual selection.The conditions under which sexual selection operates is a topic of debate,but a generally observed pattern is that the oper-ational sex ratio(OSR)of a population is key to determining both the extent of competition for fertilizations and the scope for mate choice(Weir et al.2011)
基金supported with a grant from the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resource’s Division of Forestry and Wildlife(Grant/Award Number:C01290)。
文摘Background:Non-native wild pigs(Sus scrofa)threaten sensitive flora and fauna,cost billions of dollars in economic damage,and pose a significant human–wildlife conflict risk.Despite growing interest in wild pig research,basic life history information is often lacking throughout their introduced range and particularly in tropical environments.Similar to other large terrestrial mammals,pigs possess the ability to shift their range based on local climatic conditions or resource availability,further complicating management decisions.The objectives of this study were to(i)model the distribution and abundance of wild pigs across two seasons within a single calendar year;(ii)determine the most important environmental variables driving changes in pig distribution and abundance;and(iii)highlight key differences between seasonal models and their potential management implications.These study objectives were achieved using zero-inflated models constructed from abundance data obtained from extensive field surveys and remotely sensed environmental variables.Results:Our models demonstrate a considerable change in distribution and abundance of wild pigs throughout a single calendar year.Rainfall and vegetation height were among the most influential variables for pig distribution during the spring,and distance to adjacent forest and vegetation density were among the most significant for the fall.Further,our seasonal models show that areas of high conservation value may be more vulnerable to threats from wild pigs at certain times throughout the year,which was not captured by more traditional modeling approaches using aggregated data.Conclusions:Our results suggest that(i)wild pigs can considerably shift their range throughout the calendar year,even in tropical environments;(ii)pigs prefer dense forested areas in the presence of either hunting pressure or an abundance of frugivorous plants,but may shift to adjacent areas in the absence of either of these conditions;and(iii)seasonal models provide valuable biological information
