A pilot scale modified step-feed process was lmproved to increase nutrient/N ano P） ano organic removal operations from municipal wastewater. It combined the step-feed process and a method named ＂University of Cape ...A pilot scale modified step-feed process was lmproved to increase nutrient/N ano P） ano organic removal operations from municipal wastewater. It combined the step-feed process and a method named ＂University of Cape Town （UCT）＂. The effect of nutrient ratios and inflow distribution ratios were studied. The highest uptake efficiency of 95% for chemical oxygen demand （COD） has been achieved at the inflow distribution ratio of 40/35/25. However, maximum removal efficiency obtained for total nitrogen （TN） and phosphorus at 93% and 78%, respectively. The average mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） was 5500 mg·L- 1. In addition, convenient values for dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration, and pH were obtained throughout different stages. The proposed system was identified to be an appropriate enhanced biological nutrient removal process for wastewater treatment plants owing to relatively high nutrient removal, sturdy sludge settle ability and COD removal.展开更多
In this study,the interaction between 3-D bedforms and submerged rigid vegetation has been investigated.Various laboratory experiments were conducted to study the distribution of flow velocity,Reynolds shear stress,tu...In this study,the interaction between 3-D bedforms and submerged rigid vegetation has been investigated.Various laboratory experiments were conducted to study the distribution of flow velocity,Reynolds shear stress,turbulent kinetic energy,and skewness coefficients for a constant density of vegetation.Results showed that the velocity profile in the pool section deviates from those in the upstream section of the pool.It has been found that the dip parameter varied between 0.6H and 0.9H depending on various factors including bed roughness,vegetation distribution,and pool entrance/exit slopes.However,scattered vegetation in the pool and differences in slopes created non-uniform flow conditions.Also,in the wake region behind each vegetated element,flow velocity reduced significantly,and small-scale eddies are formed,causing increased perturbations.By decreasing the entrance slope and bed roughness,relatively uniform flow and weaker turbulence was resulted,but the random distribution of vegetated elements counteracted this balance and intensified turbulence.With the decrease in the pool entrance slope,the contribution of sweep event decreased and the contribution of ejection event increased.展开更多
Sperm selection is an essential component of all assisted reproductive treatments(ARTs)and is by far the most neglected step in the ART workflow in regard to technological innovation.Conventional sperm selection metho...Sperm selection is an essential component of all assisted reproductive treatments(ARTs)and is by far the most neglected step in the ART workflow in regard to technological innovation.Conventional sperm selection methodologies typically produce a higher total number of sperm with variable motilities,morphologies,and levels of DNA integrity.Gold-standard techniques,including density gradient centrifugation(DGC)and swim-up(SU),have been shown to induce DNA fragmentation through introducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)during centrifugation.Here,we demonstrate a 3D printed,biologically inspired microfluidic sperm selection device(MSSP)that utilizes multiple methods to simulate a sperms journey toward selection.Sperm are first selected based on their motility and boundary-following behavior and then on their expression of apoptotic markers,yielding over 68%more motile sperm than that of previously reported methods with a lower incidence of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis.Sperm from the MsSP also demonstrated higher motile sperm recovery after cryopreservation than that of sU or neat semen.Experiments were conducted side-by-side against conventional SU methods using human semen(n=33)and showed over an 85%improvement in DNA integrity with an average 90%reduction in sperm apoptosis.These results that the platform is easy-to-use for sperm selection and mimics the biological function of the female reproductive tract during conception.展开更多
Purpose: To review some of the basic models, differential equations and solutions, both analytic and numerical, which produce time courses for the fractions of Susceptible (S), Infectious (I) and Recovered (R) fractio...Purpose: To review some of the basic models, differential equations and solutions, both analytic and numerical, which produce time courses for the fractions of Susceptible (S), Infectious (I) and Recovered (R) fractions of the population during the epidemic and/or endemic conditions. Methods: Two and three-compartment models with analytic solutions to the proposed linear differential equations as well as models based on the non-linear differential equations first proposed by Kermack and McKendrick (KM) [1] a century ago are considered. The equations reviewed include the ability to slide between so-called Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR), Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS), Susceptible-Infectious (SI) and Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) models, effectively moving from epidemic to endemic characterizations of infectious disease. Results: Both the linear and KM model yield typical “curves” of the infected fraction being sought “to flatten” with the effects of social distancing/masking efforts and/or pharmaceutical interventions. Demonstrative applications of the solutions to fit real COVID-19 data, including linear and KM SIR fit data from the first 100 days following “lockdown” in the authors’ locale and to the total number of cases in the USA over the course of 1 year with SI and SIS models are provided. Conclusions: COVID-19 took us all by surprise, all wondering how to help. Spreading a basic understanding of some of the mathematics used by epidemiologists to model infectious diseases seemed like a good place to start and served as the primary purpose for this tutorial.展开更多
Soil erosion and land use type have long been viewed as being particularly important drivers of soil degradation.The objectives of this study,therefore,were to select a new soil quality index(SQI)which varies signific...Soil erosion and land use type have long been viewed as being particularly important drivers of soil degradation.The objectives of this study,therefore,were to select a new soil quality index(SQI)which varies significantly with land use/soil erosion,and to evaluate the new SQI using expert opinion.In total,18 soil physical,chemical,and biochemical properties(indicators)were measured on 56 soil samples collected from four land use/soil erosion categories(rangeland/surface erosion,rangeland/subsurface erosion,cultivated land/surface erosion and dry-farming land/surface erosion).Principal component and classification analysis(PCCA)identified five PCs that explained 77.7%of the variation in soil properties with the biochemical PC varying significantly with land use/soil erosion.General discriminant analysis(GDA)selected urease and clay as the most sensitive properties distinguishing the land use/soil erosion categories.The GDA canonical scores for the new SQI were significantly correlated with expert opinion soil surface summed scores(for soil movement,surface litter,pedestalling,rills and flow pattern)derived using the U.S.Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management(BLM)method.A forward stepwise general regression model revealed that the new SQI values were explained by soil movement,surface litter,and the summed values of the soil surface factors.Overall,this study confirmed that soil quality in the study area in Iran is controlled by land use and corresponding soil erosion.展开更多
Here,a new integrated machine learning and Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition method has been proposed for in silico epitope mapping of severe acute respiratorysyndrome-like coronavirus antigens.For this,a training...Here,a new integrated machine learning and Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition method has been proposed for in silico epitope mapping of severe acute respiratorysyndrome-like coronavirus antigens.For this,a training dataset including 266 linear B-cell epitopes,1,267 T-cell epitopes and 1,280 non-epitopes were prepared.The epitope sequences were then converted to numerical vectors using Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition method.The vectors were then introduced to the support vector machine,random forest,artificial neural network,and K-nearest neighbor algorithms for the classification process.The algorithm with the highest performance was selected for the epitope mapping procedure.Based on the obtained results,the random forest algorithm was the most accurate classifier with an accuracy of 0.934 followed by K-nearest neighbor,artificial neural network,and support vector machine respectively.Furthermore,the efficacies of predicted epitopes by the trained random forest algorithm were assessed through their antigenicity potential as well as affinity to human B cell receptor and MHC-I/II alleles using the VaxiJen score and molecular docking,respectively.It was also clear that the predicted epitopes especially the B-cell epitopes had high antigenicity potentials and good affinities to the protein targets.According to the results,the suggested method can be considered for developing specific epitope predictor software as well as an accelerator pipeline for designing serotype independent vaccine against the virus.展开更多
The kintic and activation energy of mass loss of two grades of melted TNT explosive, grade A and grade B, with freezing points of 80.57 and 78.15 ℃, respectively, were studied by isothermal and nonisothermal gravimet...The kintic and activation energy of mass loss of two grades of melted TNT explosive, grade A and grade B, with freezing points of 80.57 and 78.15 ℃, respectively, were studied by isothermal and nonisothermal gravimetric methods. In isothermal method, the mass loss of samples in containers of glass and aluminum was followed in temperatures of 80, 90 and 100 ℃. The kinetic of the mass loss of the samples in the aluminum container was higher than the kinetic of it in the glass container that can be related to the effects of heat transfer and catalytic of aluminm metal. Also, the presence of impurities in grade B was due to increasing of kinetic of mass loss of it versus grade A. The non-isothermal curves were obtained in range of 30-330 ℃ at heating rates of 10,15 and 20 ℃·min^(-1).The TG/DTG data were used for determination of activation energy(E_a) of mass loss of TNT samples upon degradation by using Ozawa, Kissinger, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall(OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS) methods as model free methods. The activation energies of grades of A and B of TNT was obtained 99-120 and 66-70 kJ mol^(-1)respectively. The lower values of activation energy of the degradation reaction of grade B confirm the effect of impurities in the kinetics of mass loss of this grade.展开更多
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease that involves sebaceous glands and hair follicles of intertriginous areas, including axillary and inguinal regions. It is often chronic, painful, disabling...Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease that involves sebaceous glands and hair follicles of intertriginous areas, including axillary and inguinal regions. It is often chronic, painful, disabling, and can worsen over time. Besides surgically excising affected areas, effective treatments are currently lacking. The long-pulsed neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is a device that has traditionally been used for hair removal, but has recently shown promise in clearing old lesions of HS and preventing new eruptions. In accordance with studies in the current literature, we hypothesize that the Nd:YAG laser will significantly improve subjects with hidradenitis suppurativa compared to standard, uninvasive treatment with topical antibiotics [1,2]. Study aims include: to treat subjects with hidradenitis suppurativa with Nd:YAG laser therapy once monthly for 3 consecutive months, with a one month follow-up;to compare the effectiveness of Nd:YAG treatment on one side of the subject (e.g., right) to treatment with topical antibiotics on the subject’s other side (e.g., left);to assess treatment response using a visual analogue scale;to assess subject satisfaction with treatment using a questionnaire;and to photodocument treatment response at each visit.展开更多
The aim of the current study was to investigate gender differences in quality of attachment to God, forgiveness, altruism and mental health in college and seminary school students as well. To fulfil the stated goal 99...The aim of the current study was to investigate gender differences in quality of attachment to God, forgiveness, altruism and mental health in college and seminary school students as well. To fulfil the stated goal 993 individuals were selected by means of stratified sampling procedures and the following measures were distributed among them： Muslim-Spiritual Attachment Scale, Kin Altruism, Reciprocal Altruism Enright Forgiveness Inventory, and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised. Analysis of data using t test revealed significant differences between male and female students （/9 〈 0.01）. Moreover, data indicated that interpersonal sensitivity was higher in male students while somatization complains was higher among female students. Analysis of data showed that quality of secure attachment in female students were higher than male students （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, female students were higher in altruism, especially in domain of compassion （P 〈 0.05）. In addition female students were higher in perceiving God as a Safe Haven and providing them with comfort and tranquility. Moreover, females students were higher in altruism （p 〈 0.05）, and forgiveness （p 〈 0.01）. The analysis of data revealed that female students were higher in the secure attachment to God, sympathy toward others and they scored higher in somatization complain while male students were higher in the interpersonal sensitivity. Theoretical implication and practical application of findings have been discussed in the original paper. Findings in this project were consistent with body of research findings. Theoretical implication and practical usage of the current study was described in the original paper. Data revealed that female student were higher in secure attachment to God, altruism and forgiveness. Showing emotional stability and higher spirituality.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensions and conditions caused by shifts in nurses who worked in constant shifts in non-governmental selective hospitals in Tehran in 2014. In this cross-sectional an...The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensions and conditions caused by shifts in nurses who worked in constant shifts in non-governmental selective hospitals in Tehran in 2014. In this cross-sectional and applied research, the shifts standard questionnaire was used. After confirming the validity and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73), the questionnaires were distributed among 305 nurses of 6 non-governmental selective hospitals in Tehran, based on stratified random sampling. In the research, the data analysis was conducted in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The response rate was 0.91. 74.4% of the participant nurses were female and 25.6% were male. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and physical health (P = 0.008), gender and physical health (P = 0.015), education and health (P = 0.014), gender and physical-cognitive anxiety (P = 0.006), age and social-familial status (P = 0.001), Marital status and social-familial status (P = 0.001), having a second job and social-familial status (P = 0.001), education and sleep-fatigue (P = 0.002). Planning with respect to standards of nurses’ working hours and avoiding overtime, especially nurses who have more experience, can prevent severe complications of shifts and improve health level and ultimately the quality of care.展开更多
In the development of linear quadratic regulator(LQR) algorithms, the Riccati equation approach offers two important characteristics——it is recursive and readily meets the existence condition. However, these attribu...In the development of linear quadratic regulator(LQR) algorithms, the Riccati equation approach offers two important characteristics——it is recursive and readily meets the existence condition. However, these attributes are applicable only to transformed singular systems, and the efficiency of the regulator may be undermined if constraints are violated in nonsingular versions. To address this gap, we introduce a direct approach to the LQR problem for linear singular systems, avoiding the need for any transformations and eliminating the need for regularity assumptions. To achieve this goal, we begin by formulating a quadratic cost function to derive the LQR algorithm through a penalized and weighted regression framework and then connect it to a constrained minimization problem using the Bellman's criterion. Then, we employ a dynamic programming strategy in a backward approach within a finite horizon to develop an LQR algorithm for the original system. To accomplish this, we address the stability and convergence analysis under the reachability and observability assumptions of a hypothetical system constructed by the pencil of augmented matrices and connected using the Hamiltonian diagonalization technique.展开更多
Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the ...Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of Trans FA (TFA) in edible oil samples consumed in Tehran, Iran analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). The mean of total TFA was 0.45% ranging from (0.11% - 1.61%) for liquid frying oils and 2.92% ranging from (0.46% - 5.40%) for solid oils. The major TFA observed in these two groups was elaidic acid in solid oils. The highest content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was detected in solid oils with average of 32.07 and palmitic acid was the major SFA in these four groups. Linoleic and linolenic acid are the most important poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The variance in the percentage of TFA in the edible oils probably resulted from differences in the type of oils, quality, heating, processing technique and storage condition of the edible oils. The results indicated that, edible oils contain considerable proportions of trans fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to assess the content of TFA in edible oils in Iran.展开更多
Synchronous chemotherapy and radiotherapy,termed chemoradiation therapy,is now an important standard regime for synergistic cancer treatment.For such treatment,nanoparticles can serve as improved carriers of chemother...Synchronous chemotherapy and radiotherapy,termed chemoradiation therapy,is now an important standard regime for synergistic cancer treatment.For such treatment,nanoparticles can serve as improved carriers of chemotherapeutics into tumors and as better radiosensitizers for localized radiotherapy.Herein,we designed a Schottky-type theranostic heterostructure,Bi_(2)S_(3)-Au,with deep level defects(DLDs)in Bi_(2)S_(3) as a nano-radiosensitizer and CT imaging contrast agent which can generate reactive free radicals to initiate DNA damage within tumor cells under X-ray irradiation.Methotrexate(MTX)was conjugated onto the Bi_(2)S_(3)-Au nanoparticles as a chemotherapeutic agent showing enzymatic stimuli-responsive release behavior.The designed hybrid system also contained curcumin(CUR),which cannot only serve as a nutritional supplement for chemotherapy,but also can play an important role in the radioprotection of normal cells.Impressively,this combined one-dose chemoradiation therapeutic injection of co-drug loaded bimetallic multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles with a one-time clinical X-ray irradiation,completely eradicated tumors in mice after approximately 20 days after irradiation showing extremely effective anticancer efficacy which should be further studied for numerous anti-cancer applications.展开更多
文摘A pilot scale modified step-feed process was lmproved to increase nutrient/N ano P） ano organic removal operations from municipal wastewater. It combined the step-feed process and a method named ＂University of Cape Town （UCT）＂. The effect of nutrient ratios and inflow distribution ratios were studied. The highest uptake efficiency of 95% for chemical oxygen demand （COD） has been achieved at the inflow distribution ratio of 40/35/25. However, maximum removal efficiency obtained for total nitrogen （TN） and phosphorus at 93% and 78%, respectively. The average mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） was 5500 mg·L- 1. In addition, convenient values for dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration, and pH were obtained throughout different stages. The proposed system was identified to be an appropriate enhanced biological nutrient removal process for wastewater treatment plants owing to relatively high nutrient removal, sturdy sludge settle ability and COD removal.
文摘In this study,the interaction between 3-D bedforms and submerged rigid vegetation has been investigated.Various laboratory experiments were conducted to study the distribution of flow velocity,Reynolds shear stress,turbulent kinetic energy,and skewness coefficients for a constant density of vegetation.Results showed that the velocity profile in the pool section deviates from those in the upstream section of the pool.It has been found that the dip parameter varied between 0.6H and 0.9H depending on various factors including bed roughness,vegetation distribution,and pool entrance/exit slopes.However,scattered vegetation in the pool and differences in slopes created non-uniform flow conditions.Also,in the wake region behind each vegetated element,flow velocity reduced significantly,and small-scale eddies are formed,causing increased perturbations.By decreasing the entrance slope and bed roughness,relatively uniform flow and weaker turbulence was resulted,but the random distribution of vegetated elements counteracted this balance and intensified turbulence.With the decrease in the pool entrance slope,the contribution of sweep event decreased and the contribution of ejection event increased.
基金support of the Australian Research Council through Discovery Project Grants(DP200101860)the National Health and Medical Research Council through the Career Development Fellowship(APP1143377)+1 种基金R.N.acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council Discovery Program(DP190100343)Monash Interdisciplinary Research Program.We would like to acknowledge Dr.Sajad Razavi Bazaz for his helpful contribution and assistance in the initial stages of this project.
文摘Sperm selection is an essential component of all assisted reproductive treatments(ARTs)and is by far the most neglected step in the ART workflow in regard to technological innovation.Conventional sperm selection methodologies typically produce a higher total number of sperm with variable motilities,morphologies,and levels of DNA integrity.Gold-standard techniques,including density gradient centrifugation(DGC)and swim-up(SU),have been shown to induce DNA fragmentation through introducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)during centrifugation.Here,we demonstrate a 3D printed,biologically inspired microfluidic sperm selection device(MSSP)that utilizes multiple methods to simulate a sperms journey toward selection.Sperm are first selected based on their motility and boundary-following behavior and then on their expression of apoptotic markers,yielding over 68%more motile sperm than that of previously reported methods with a lower incidence of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis.Sperm from the MsSP also demonstrated higher motile sperm recovery after cryopreservation than that of sU or neat semen.Experiments were conducted side-by-side against conventional SU methods using human semen(n=33)and showed over an 85%improvement in DNA integrity with an average 90%reduction in sperm apoptosis.These results that the platform is easy-to-use for sperm selection and mimics the biological function of the female reproductive tract during conception.
文摘Purpose: To review some of the basic models, differential equations and solutions, both analytic and numerical, which produce time courses for the fractions of Susceptible (S), Infectious (I) and Recovered (R) fractions of the population during the epidemic and/or endemic conditions. Methods: Two and three-compartment models with analytic solutions to the proposed linear differential equations as well as models based on the non-linear differential equations first proposed by Kermack and McKendrick (KM) [1] a century ago are considered. The equations reviewed include the ability to slide between so-called Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR), Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS), Susceptible-Infectious (SI) and Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) models, effectively moving from epidemic to endemic characterizations of infectious disease. Results: Both the linear and KM model yield typical “curves” of the infected fraction being sought “to flatten” with the effects of social distancing/masking efforts and/or pharmaceutical interventions. Demonstrative applications of the solutions to fit real COVID-19 data, including linear and KM SIR fit data from the first 100 days following “lockdown” in the authors’ locale and to the total number of cases in the USA over the course of 1 year with SI and SIS models are provided. Conclusions: COVID-19 took us all by surprise, all wondering how to help. Spreading a basic understanding of some of the mathematics used by epidemiologists to model infectious diseases seemed like a good place to start and served as the primary purpose for this tutorial.
基金funded by a grant from the research council of Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran,Iran(Grant No.600.4452)supported by strategic funding from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC grant BBS/E/C/000I0330Soil to Nutrition)
文摘Soil erosion and land use type have long been viewed as being particularly important drivers of soil degradation.The objectives of this study,therefore,were to select a new soil quality index(SQI)which varies significantly with land use/soil erosion,and to evaluate the new SQI using expert opinion.In total,18 soil physical,chemical,and biochemical properties(indicators)were measured on 56 soil samples collected from four land use/soil erosion categories(rangeland/surface erosion,rangeland/subsurface erosion,cultivated land/surface erosion and dry-farming land/surface erosion).Principal component and classification analysis(PCCA)identified five PCs that explained 77.7%of the variation in soil properties with the biochemical PC varying significantly with land use/soil erosion.General discriminant analysis(GDA)selected urease and clay as the most sensitive properties distinguishing the land use/soil erosion categories.The GDA canonical scores for the new SQI were significantly correlated with expert opinion soil surface summed scores(for soil movement,surface litter,pedestalling,rills and flow pattern)derived using the U.S.Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management(BLM)method.A forward stepwise general regression model revealed that the new SQI values were explained by soil movement,surface litter,and the summed values of the soil surface factors.Overall,this study confirmed that soil quality in the study area in Iran is controlled by land use and corresponding soil erosion.
文摘Here,a new integrated machine learning and Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition method has been proposed for in silico epitope mapping of severe acute respiratorysyndrome-like coronavirus antigens.For this,a training dataset including 266 linear B-cell epitopes,1,267 T-cell epitopes and 1,280 non-epitopes were prepared.The epitope sequences were then converted to numerical vectors using Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition method.The vectors were then introduced to the support vector machine,random forest,artificial neural network,and K-nearest neighbor algorithms for the classification process.The algorithm with the highest performance was selected for the epitope mapping procedure.Based on the obtained results,the random forest algorithm was the most accurate classifier with an accuracy of 0.934 followed by K-nearest neighbor,artificial neural network,and support vector machine respectively.Furthermore,the efficacies of predicted epitopes by the trained random forest algorithm were assessed through their antigenicity potential as well as affinity to human B cell receptor and MHC-I/II alleles using the VaxiJen score and molecular docking,respectively.It was also clear that the predicted epitopes especially the B-cell epitopes had high antigenicity potentials and good affinities to the protein targets.According to the results,the suggested method can be considered for developing specific epitope predictor software as well as an accelerator pipeline for designing serotype independent vaccine against the virus.
基金the research committee of Malek-ashtar University of Technology(MUT)
文摘The kintic and activation energy of mass loss of two grades of melted TNT explosive, grade A and grade B, with freezing points of 80.57 and 78.15 ℃, respectively, were studied by isothermal and nonisothermal gravimetric methods. In isothermal method, the mass loss of samples in containers of glass and aluminum was followed in temperatures of 80, 90 and 100 ℃. The kinetic of the mass loss of the samples in the aluminum container was higher than the kinetic of it in the glass container that can be related to the effects of heat transfer and catalytic of aluminm metal. Also, the presence of impurities in grade B was due to increasing of kinetic of mass loss of it versus grade A. The non-isothermal curves were obtained in range of 30-330 ℃ at heating rates of 10,15 and 20 ℃·min^(-1).The TG/DTG data were used for determination of activation energy(E_a) of mass loss of TNT samples upon degradation by using Ozawa, Kissinger, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall(OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS) methods as model free methods. The activation energies of grades of A and B of TNT was obtained 99-120 and 66-70 kJ mol^(-1)respectively. The lower values of activation energy of the degradation reaction of grade B confirm the effect of impurities in the kinetics of mass loss of this grade.
文摘Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease that involves sebaceous glands and hair follicles of intertriginous areas, including axillary and inguinal regions. It is often chronic, painful, disabling, and can worsen over time. Besides surgically excising affected areas, effective treatments are currently lacking. The long-pulsed neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is a device that has traditionally been used for hair removal, but has recently shown promise in clearing old lesions of HS and preventing new eruptions. In accordance with studies in the current literature, we hypothesize that the Nd:YAG laser will significantly improve subjects with hidradenitis suppurativa compared to standard, uninvasive treatment with topical antibiotics [1,2]. Study aims include: to treat subjects with hidradenitis suppurativa with Nd:YAG laser therapy once monthly for 3 consecutive months, with a one month follow-up;to compare the effectiveness of Nd:YAG treatment on one side of the subject (e.g., right) to treatment with topical antibiotics on the subject’s other side (e.g., left);to assess treatment response using a visual analogue scale;to assess subject satisfaction with treatment using a questionnaire;and to photodocument treatment response at each visit.
文摘The aim of the current study was to investigate gender differences in quality of attachment to God, forgiveness, altruism and mental health in college and seminary school students as well. To fulfil the stated goal 993 individuals were selected by means of stratified sampling procedures and the following measures were distributed among them： Muslim-Spiritual Attachment Scale, Kin Altruism, Reciprocal Altruism Enright Forgiveness Inventory, and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised. Analysis of data using t test revealed significant differences between male and female students （/9 〈 0.01）. Moreover, data indicated that interpersonal sensitivity was higher in male students while somatization complains was higher among female students. Analysis of data showed that quality of secure attachment in female students were higher than male students （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, female students were higher in altruism, especially in domain of compassion （P 〈 0.05）. In addition female students were higher in perceiving God as a Safe Haven and providing them with comfort and tranquility. Moreover, females students were higher in altruism （p 〈 0.05）, and forgiveness （p 〈 0.01）. The analysis of data revealed that female students were higher in the secure attachment to God, sympathy toward others and they scored higher in somatization complain while male students were higher in the interpersonal sensitivity. Theoretical implication and practical application of findings have been discussed in the original paper. Findings in this project were consistent with body of research findings. Theoretical implication and practical usage of the current study was described in the original paper. Data revealed that female student were higher in secure attachment to God, altruism and forgiveness. Showing emotional stability and higher spirituality.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensions and conditions caused by shifts in nurses who worked in constant shifts in non-governmental selective hospitals in Tehran in 2014. In this cross-sectional and applied research, the shifts standard questionnaire was used. After confirming the validity and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73), the questionnaires were distributed among 305 nurses of 6 non-governmental selective hospitals in Tehran, based on stratified random sampling. In the research, the data analysis was conducted in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The response rate was 0.91. 74.4% of the participant nurses were female and 25.6% were male. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and physical health (P = 0.008), gender and physical health (P = 0.015), education and health (P = 0.014), gender and physical-cognitive anxiety (P = 0.006), age and social-familial status (P = 0.001), Marital status and social-familial status (P = 0.001), having a second job and social-familial status (P = 0.001), education and sleep-fatigue (P = 0.002). Planning with respect to standards of nurses’ working hours and avoiding overtime, especially nurses who have more experience, can prevent severe complications of shifts and improve health level and ultimately the quality of care.
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (101120657)project ENFIELD (European Lighthouse to Manifest Trustworthy and Green AI), the Estonian Research Council (PRG658, PRG1463)the Estonian Centre of Excellence in Energy Efficiency, ENER (TK230) funded by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research。
文摘In the development of linear quadratic regulator(LQR) algorithms, the Riccati equation approach offers two important characteristics——it is recursive and readily meets the existence condition. However, these attributes are applicable only to transformed singular systems, and the efficiency of the regulator may be undermined if constraints are violated in nonsingular versions. To address this gap, we introduce a direct approach to the LQR problem for linear singular systems, avoiding the need for any transformations and eliminating the need for regularity assumptions. To achieve this goal, we begin by formulating a quadratic cost function to derive the LQR algorithm through a penalized and weighted regression framework and then connect it to a constrained minimization problem using the Bellman's criterion. Then, we employ a dynamic programming strategy in a backward approach within a finite horizon to develop an LQR algorithm for the original system. To accomplish this, we address the stability and convergence analysis under the reachability and observability assumptions of a hypothetical system constructed by the pencil of augmented matrices and connected using the Hamiltonian diagonalization technique.
文摘Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of Trans FA (TFA) in edible oil samples consumed in Tehran, Iran analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). The mean of total TFA was 0.45% ranging from (0.11% - 1.61%) for liquid frying oils and 2.92% ranging from (0.46% - 5.40%) for solid oils. The major TFA observed in these two groups was elaidic acid in solid oils. The highest content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was detected in solid oils with average of 32.07 and palmitic acid was the major SFA in these four groups. Linoleic and linolenic acid are the most important poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The variance in the percentage of TFA in the edible oils probably resulted from differences in the type of oils, quality, heating, processing technique and storage condition of the edible oils. The results indicated that, edible oils contain considerable proportions of trans fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to assess the content of TFA in edible oils in Iran.
基金This work was supported by the Deputy of Research of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences(grant no.A-12-430-42,ethical code:IR.ZUMS.REC.1399.129)MB acknowledges the financial support of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey for Material Characterization(TUBITAK,217Z069).
文摘Synchronous chemotherapy and radiotherapy,termed chemoradiation therapy,is now an important standard regime for synergistic cancer treatment.For such treatment,nanoparticles can serve as improved carriers of chemotherapeutics into tumors and as better radiosensitizers for localized radiotherapy.Herein,we designed a Schottky-type theranostic heterostructure,Bi_(2)S_(3)-Au,with deep level defects(DLDs)in Bi_(2)S_(3) as a nano-radiosensitizer and CT imaging contrast agent which can generate reactive free radicals to initiate DNA damage within tumor cells under X-ray irradiation.Methotrexate(MTX)was conjugated onto the Bi_(2)S_(3)-Au nanoparticles as a chemotherapeutic agent showing enzymatic stimuli-responsive release behavior.The designed hybrid system also contained curcumin(CUR),which cannot only serve as a nutritional supplement for chemotherapy,but also can play an important role in the radioprotection of normal cells.Impressively,this combined one-dose chemoradiation therapeutic injection of co-drug loaded bimetallic multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles with a one-time clinical X-ray irradiation,completely eradicated tumors in mice after approximately 20 days after irradiation showing extremely effective anticancer efficacy which should be further studied for numerous anti-cancer applications.
