Multicellular organisms rely on the movement of signaling molecules across cells,tissues,and organs to communicate among distal sites.In plants,localized leaf damage activates jasmonic acid(JA)-dependent transcription...Multicellular organisms rely on the movement of signaling molecules across cells,tissues,and organs to communicate among distal sites.In plants,localized leaf damage activates jasmonic acid(JA)-dependent transcriptional reprogramming in both harmed and unharmed tissues.Although it has been indicated that JA species can translocate from damaged into distal sites,the identity of the mobile compound(s),the tissues through which they translocate,and the effect of their relocation remain unknown.Here,we found that following shoot wounding,the relocation of endogenous jasmonates through the phloem is essential to initiate JA signaling and stunt growth in unharmed roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.By employing grafting experiments and hormone profiling,we uncovered that the hormone precursor cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid(OPDA)and its derivatives,but not the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate,translocate from wounded shoots into undamaged roots.Upon root relocation,the mobile precursors cooperatively regulated JA responses through their conversion into JA-Ile and JA signaling activation.Collectively,our findings demonstrate the existence of long-distance translocation of endogenous OPDA and its derivatives,which serve as mobile molecules to coordinate shoot-to-root responses,and highlight the importance of a controlled redistribution of hormone precursors among organs during plant stress acclimation.展开更多
Purpose:The aims of this study were to(a)describe gender inequalities in physical activity(PA)among adolescents from Global South countries,and(b)investigate the relationship between gender inequalities in PA and cont...Purpose:The aims of this study were to(a)describe gender inequalities in physical activity(PA)among adolescents from Global South countries,and(b)investigate the relationship between gender inequalities in PA and contextual factors,such as geographic region,human development index,gender inequality index,and unemployment rates.Methods:We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey conducted in Global South countries between 2010 and 2020 among 13-to 17-year-old adolescents.Country-context variables were retrieved from secondary data sources(World Health Organization,World Bank,and Human Development Reports).PA was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire querying the number of days in the past week in which participants were physically active for a total of at least 60 min.PA absolute gender inequalities were evaluated by the differences in the prevalence between boys and girls,95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were estimated using the bootstrap method.Relative inequalities were obtained through Poisson regression.Meta-analyses with random effects were used to calculate pooled estimates of absolute and relative inequalities.Results:Based on 64 Global South countries/surveys,the prevalence of PA was 6.7 percentage points(p.p.)higher in boys than in girls,ranging from 0.5 p.p.in Afghanistan to 15.6 p.p.in Laos(I^(2)=85.1%).The pooled ratio for all countries showed that boys presented a PA prevalence 1.58 times higher than girls(95%CI:1.47-1.70)on average.The highest absolute and relative inequalities were observed in high income countries.Countries with higher Human Development Index rankings and lower Gender Inequality Index rankings also presented greater gender differences.Conclusion:Given that girls are overall less active than boys across the globe,the findings of this study reinforce that macro-and micro-level changes should be actively sought if we aim to increase population levels of PA in adolescents and promote equity in PA.展开更多
Objective: To examine the longitudinal association between plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and incident dementia. Methods: Neuropsychiatric, anthropometric, laboratory, and other assessments were cond...Objective: To examine the longitudinal association between plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and incident dementia. Methods: Neuropsychiatric, anthropometric, laboratory, and other assessments were conducted for 392 partici pants of a 1901 to 1902 birth cohort first examined at age 70. Follow-up examin ations were at ages 75, 79, 81, 83, 85, and 88. Information on those lost to fol low-up was collected from case records, hospital linkage system, and death cert ificates. Cox proportional hazards regression examined lipid levels at ages 70, 75, and 79 and incident dementia between ages 70 and 88. Results: Increasing cho lesterol levels (per mmol/L) at ages 70 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95%CI: 0.61 to 0.96, p=0.02), 75 (HR 0.70, CI: 0.52 to 0.93, p=0.01), and 79 (HR 0.73, CI: 0.55 to 0.98, p=0.04) were associated with a reduced risk of dementia between ages 79 and 88. Examination of cholesterol levels in quartiles showed that the risk reduction was apparent only among the highest quartile at ages 70 (8.03 to 11.44 mmol/L [311 to 442 mg/dL]; HR 0.31, CI: 0.11 to 0.85, p=0.03), 75 (7.03 to 9. 29 mmol/L [272 to 359 mg/dL]; HR 0.20, CI: 0.05 to 0.75, p=0.02), and 79 (6.82 t o 9.10 mmol/L [264 to 352 mg/dL];HR 0.45, CI: 0.17 to 1.23, p=0.12). Triglycerid e levels were not associated with dementia. Conclusions: High cholesterol in lat e life was associated with decreased dementia risk, which is in contrast to prev ious studies suggesting high cholesterol in mid-life is a risk factor for later dementia. The conflicting results may be explained by the timing of the cholest erol measurements in relationship to age and the clinical onset of dementia.展开更多
Climate and forecast mode simulations with the regional climate model HIRlam-ECHAM（HIRHAM） are evaluated over a pan-Antarctic domain. The ability of the model to simulate temperature and wind profiles in the troposp...Climate and forecast mode simulations with the regional climate model HIRlam-ECHAM（HIRHAM） are evaluated over a pan-Antarctic domain. The ability of the model to simulate temperature and wind profiles in the troposphere is quantified by comparing its results with radiosonde data acquired from the Davis station for January and July 2007. Compared to the climate mode, the forecast mode was found to deliver improved results for temperature and wind simulations at the near surface and in the lower troposphere. The main remaining model bias found was the under-representation of low-level wind jets. Based on ensemble simulations, it is shown that a distinct internal variability is inherent in the climate mode simulations, and associated areas of reduced predictability over Antarctica are identified.展开更多
We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 ...We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days or not submerged （control = 0 days of submer- gence）. For the control and at the end of each period of submersion, germination and seedling vigor tests were carried out. For germination tests, seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand and kept in labora- tory conditions. The percentage of seed germination, the germination rate and the average germination time were analyzed. For seedlings, total biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio were analyzed. Submersion time drastically affected the dissolved oxygen content and seed germination. Between 4 and 8 days of submersion there was a de- crease from 83.8% to 15.6% in the germination percentage. No seed germination occurred after 16 days of submersion. Although there was a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination between 4 and 8 days of submersion, seedling vigor was not affected. Seeds of this species were partially tolerant to submersion in water, suggesting that C. lucens is a promising species for direct seeding in riparian forest restora- tion projects.展开更多
Aims Screening tree species in tropical rainforest according to their shade tolerance is important to efficiently manage the native trees of economic significance in secondary forest enrichment regimes.The objective o...Aims Screening tree species in tropical rainforest according to their shade tolerance is important to efficiently manage the native trees of economic significance in secondary forest enrichment regimes.The objective of this study was to determine the whole-plant light compensation point(WPLCP)and compare the phenotypic plasticity in relation to growth and carbon allocation of Cariniana legalis and Gallesia integrifolia seedlings under low light availability.Methods Seedlings were cultivated for 77 days under conditions of five photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)(0.02,1.1,2.3,4.5 and 5.9 mol photons m^(−2)day^(−1))in three replicates.Growth and carbon allocation variables were determined.Important Findings Growth rates of C.legalis were higher and lower than those of G.integrifolia under 1.1 and 5.9 mol photons m^(−2)day^(−1),respectively.The WPLCP differed significantly between the two species.In accordance with the criteria of the shade tolerance classification for these two tropical tree species,our results showed that C.legalis had lower WPLCP and phenotypic plasticity in terms of higher growth rates and greater shade tolerance than G.integrifolia.From a practical point of view,we demonstrated that the differential linkage between growth and changing PAR between the two species can become a useful tool for comparing and selecting tree species in forest enrichment projects.展开更多
Our aim was to evaluate the potential use of BioMedFlex? (BMF), a new resilient, hard-carbon, thin- film coating, as a blood journal bearing material in Cleveland Heart’s continuous-flow left and right ven- tricular ...Our aim was to evaluate the potential use of BioMedFlex? (BMF), a new resilient, hard-carbon, thin- film coating, as a blood journal bearing material in Cleveland Heart’s continuous-flow left and right ven- tricular assist devices (VADs). BMF is not classified as a diamond-like carbon (DLC) and differs from other thin-film carbon coatings by its high flexural strength, radiopacity, and wear resistance. A 2- to 4-μm-thick BMF adhesion layer was deposited on the VAD journal bearing surfaces. A commercial DLC coating used in other clinical blood pump applications was used as a control. Durability and reliability of the BMF coating was verified in severe pump start/stop testing using 20 BMF-coated journal bearing pairs. The BMF-coated surfaces showed no coating failures, whereas 57% of the DLC bearing pairs developed scratches through the carbon coating, documenting that BMF can provide a durable coating in our blood journal bearing application. In conclusion, BMF has shown qualities that support its significant advantages as an alternative journal bea- ring material in Cleveland Heart pumps. Our plan includes biocompatibility testing with ongoing animal studies, endurance testing with submerged pumps running in saline, and assessment of batch coating processing capability.展开更多
Aim: To study the efficacy and safety of deep sclerectomy (DS) augmented with intraoperative low dose mitomycin C (MMC) in a west African population. Methods: Prospective,randomised,controlled trial. Trial participant...Aim: To study the efficacy and safety of deep sclerectomy (DS) augmented with intraoperative low dose mitomycin C (MMC) in a west African population. Methods: Prospective,randomised,controlled trial. Trial participants were Nigerian patients with medically uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma undergoing primary surgery at Maja Hospital,Lagos,Nigeria. 39 eyes of 39 patients undergoing DS were randomised into receiving intraoperative MMC 0.25 mg/ml for 2 minutes at the end of procedure (DS-MMC) and a control group (DSnoMMC). Results: There were 21 patients in the DS-noMMC and 18 in the DS-AAMC group with no difference in the preoperative characteristics of the groups. Mean follow up was 16.4 (SD 11.3) months. The probability of maintaining an intraocular pressure less than 18 mm Hg with or without additional medications (95% confidence intervals) at 1 year was 70% (47-92% ,95% ) and 79% (57-100% ),and at 18 months was 35% (8-62% ) and 38% (7-69% ) for the DS-noMMC and DS-MMC groups,respectively,with no difference in success rates (p = 0.6). An IOP of less than 18 mm Hg without additional medication was maintained in 65% (41-89% ) and 73% (49-96% ) at 1 year and 24% (8-48% ) and 13% (13-46% ) at 18 months for the DS-noMMC and DS-MMC groups,respectively (p = 0.5). There were no serious complications related to the procedure. Conclusions: The success rates of DS in black west African glaucoma patients,as performed in this study,were low. The study did not achieve sufficient power to detect whether low dose intraoperative MMCapplication can increase success rates of DS.展开更多
Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For inst...Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels.Also,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice.Thus,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender inequalities.Methods:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019.MVPA was self-reported.Participants were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)adolescents.Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates.Analyses were stratified by country and region.Results:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week.This prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions were<77%.The prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)vs.Prevalence ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between regions.Gender differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest adolescents.Priorities for physical activity 展开更多
Background:Optimal patterns of accrual of recommended levels of physical activity(PA)for prevention of hypertension and obesity are not known.The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether different patterns...Background:Optimal patterns of accrual of recommended levels of physical activity(PA)for prevention of hypertension and obesity are not known.The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether different patterns of accumulation of PA are differentially associated with hypertension and obesity in Australian women over 21 years.Specifically,we investigated whether,for the same weekly volume of PA,the number of sessions(frequency)and vigorousness of PA(intensity)were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hypertension and obesity in women.Methods:Data from the 1973-1978 and 1946-1951 cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were analyzed(n=20,588;12%-16%with a Bachelor's or higher degree).Self-reported PA,hypertension,height,and weight were collected using mail surveys every 3 years from 1998/2000 to 2019/2021.Generalized Estimating Equation models with a 3-year lag model were used to investigate the association of PA volume(metabolic equivalent min/week)(none;33-499;500-999;≥1000,weekly frequency(none;1-2 times;3-4times;5-7 times;≥8 times),and the proportion of vigorous PA to total volume of PA(none;0%;1%-33%;34%-66%;67%-100%)with odds of hypertension and obesity from 2000 to 2021.Results:The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 6%in the 1973-1978 and 23%in the 1946-1951 cohort;27%of women in the 1973-1978;and 15%in the 1946-1951 cohort developed obesity over the period.Overall,a higher volume of PA was associated with reduced odds of hypertension and obesity.When the volume of PA was considered,the odds of hypertension did not vary according to the frequency or intensity of PA.However,increased proportion of vigorous PA to the total volume of PA was associated with a small additional reduction in the risk of obe sity.Conclusion:PA volume appears to be more important than the pattern of accumulation for the prevention of hypertension and obesity.Incorporating more sessions,particularly of vigorous-intensity PA,may provide extra benefits for the prevention of obesity.展开更多
Origin and fate of pancreatic stellate cells （PSCs） before, during and after pancreatic injury are a matter of de- bate. The crucial role of PSCs in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis is generally accepted. How...Origin and fate of pancreatic stellate cells （PSCs） before, during and after pancreatic injury are a matter of de- bate. The crucial role of PSCs in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis is generally accepted. However, the turnover of the cells remains obscure. The present study addressed the issue of a potential bone marrow （BM） origin of PSCs. We used a model of stable hematopoietic chimerism by grafting enhanced green fluorescence protein （eGFP）-express- ing BM cells after irradiation of acceptor rats. Chimerism was detected by FACS analysis of eGFP-positive cells in the peripheral blood. Dibutyltin dichloride （DBTC） was used to induce acute pancreatic inflammation with subse- quent recovery over 4 weeks. Investigations have been focused on isolated cells to detect the resting PSC population. The incidence of eGFP-positive PSC obtained from the pancreas of chimeric rats was approximately 7% in healthy pancreatic tissue and increased significantly to a mean of 18% in the restored pancreas 4 weeks after DBTC-induced acute inflammation. Our results suggest that BM-derived progenitor cells represent a source of renewable stellate cells in the pancreas. Increased numbers of resting PSCs after regeneration point toward enhanced recruitment of BM-derived cells to the pancreas and/or re-acquisition of a quiescent state after inflammation-induced activation.展开更多
1.Background BRICS is an acronym for an international association of 5countries(Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa),which together represent the world's major emerging economies and almost one-half of the ...1.Background BRICS is an acronym for an international association of 5countries(Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa),which together represent the world's major emerging economies and almost one-half of the worlds population.展开更多
文摘Multicellular organisms rely on the movement of signaling molecules across cells,tissues,and organs to communicate among distal sites.In plants,localized leaf damage activates jasmonic acid(JA)-dependent transcriptional reprogramming in both harmed and unharmed tissues.Although it has been indicated that JA species can translocate from damaged into distal sites,the identity of the mobile compound(s),the tissues through which they translocate,and the effect of their relocation remain unknown.Here,we found that following shoot wounding,the relocation of endogenous jasmonates through the phloem is essential to initiate JA signaling and stunt growth in unharmed roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.By employing grafting experiments and hormone profiling,we uncovered that the hormone precursor cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid(OPDA)and its derivatives,but not the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate,translocate from wounded shoots into undamaged roots.Upon root relocation,the mobile precursors cooperatively regulated JA responses through their conversion into JA-Ile and JA signaling activation.Collectively,our findings demonstrate the existence of long-distance translocation of endogenous OPDA and its derivatives,which serve as mobile molecules to coordinate shoot-to-root responses,and highlight the importance of a controlled redistribution of hormone precursors among organs during plant stress acclimation.
基金supported by the Fundac¸ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul—FAPERGS(Number:10/2020,Grant term:21/2551-0000670-6)Brazilian National Research Council(CNPq).
文摘Purpose:The aims of this study were to(a)describe gender inequalities in physical activity(PA)among adolescents from Global South countries,and(b)investigate the relationship between gender inequalities in PA and contextual factors,such as geographic region,human development index,gender inequality index,and unemployment rates.Methods:We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey conducted in Global South countries between 2010 and 2020 among 13-to 17-year-old adolescents.Country-context variables were retrieved from secondary data sources(World Health Organization,World Bank,and Human Development Reports).PA was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire querying the number of days in the past week in which participants were physically active for a total of at least 60 min.PA absolute gender inequalities were evaluated by the differences in the prevalence between boys and girls,95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were estimated using the bootstrap method.Relative inequalities were obtained through Poisson regression.Meta-analyses with random effects were used to calculate pooled estimates of absolute and relative inequalities.Results:Based on 64 Global South countries/surveys,the prevalence of PA was 6.7 percentage points(p.p.)higher in boys than in girls,ranging from 0.5 p.p.in Afghanistan to 15.6 p.p.in Laos(I^(2)=85.1%).The pooled ratio for all countries showed that boys presented a PA prevalence 1.58 times higher than girls(95%CI:1.47-1.70)on average.The highest absolute and relative inequalities were observed in high income countries.Countries with higher Human Development Index rankings and lower Gender Inequality Index rankings also presented greater gender differences.Conclusion:Given that girls are overall less active than boys across the globe,the findings of this study reinforce that macro-and micro-level changes should be actively sought if we aim to increase population levels of PA in adolescents and promote equity in PA.
文摘Objective: To examine the longitudinal association between plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and incident dementia. Methods: Neuropsychiatric, anthropometric, laboratory, and other assessments were conducted for 392 partici pants of a 1901 to 1902 birth cohort first examined at age 70. Follow-up examin ations were at ages 75, 79, 81, 83, 85, and 88. Information on those lost to fol low-up was collected from case records, hospital linkage system, and death cert ificates. Cox proportional hazards regression examined lipid levels at ages 70, 75, and 79 and incident dementia between ages 70 and 88. Results: Increasing cho lesterol levels (per mmol/L) at ages 70 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95%CI: 0.61 to 0.96, p=0.02), 75 (HR 0.70, CI: 0.52 to 0.93, p=0.01), and 79 (HR 0.73, CI: 0.55 to 0.98, p=0.04) were associated with a reduced risk of dementia between ages 79 and 88. Examination of cholesterol levels in quartiles showed that the risk reduction was apparent only among the highest quartile at ages 70 (8.03 to 11.44 mmol/L [311 to 442 mg/dL]; HR 0.31, CI: 0.11 to 0.85, p=0.03), 75 (7.03 to 9. 29 mmol/L [272 to 359 mg/dL]; HR 0.20, CI: 0.05 to 0.75, p=0.02), and 79 (6.82 t o 9.10 mmol/L [264 to 352 mg/dL];HR 0.45, CI: 0.17 to 1.23, p=0.12). Triglycerid e levels were not associated with dementia. Conclusions: High cholesterol in lat e life was associated with decreased dementia risk, which is in contrast to prev ious studies suggesting high cholesterol in mid-life is a risk factor for later dementia. The conflicting results may be explained by the timing of the cholest erol measurements in relationship to age and the clinical onset of dementia.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.40905048the German Bosch Foundation,and the program of basic research and operating of CAMS
文摘Climate and forecast mode simulations with the regional climate model HIRlam-ECHAM（HIRHAM） are evaluated over a pan-Antarctic domain. The ability of the model to simulate temperature and wind profiles in the troposphere is quantified by comparing its results with radiosonde data acquired from the Davis station for January and July 2007. Compared to the climate mode, the forecast mode was found to deliver improved results for temperature and wind simulations at the near surface and in the lower troposphere. The main remaining model bias found was the under-representation of low-level wind jets. Based on ensemble simulations, it is shown that a distinct internal variability is inherent in the climate mode simulations, and associated areas of reduced predictability over Antarctica are identified.
基金the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB)
文摘We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days or not submerged （control = 0 days of submer- gence）. For the control and at the end of each period of submersion, germination and seedling vigor tests were carried out. For germination tests, seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand and kept in labora- tory conditions. The percentage of seed germination, the germination rate and the average germination time were analyzed. For seedlings, total biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio were analyzed. Submersion time drastically affected the dissolved oxygen content and seed germination. Between 4 and 8 days of submersion there was a de- crease from 83.8% to 15.6% in the germination percentage. No seed germination occurred after 16 days of submersion. Although there was a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination between 4 and 8 days of submersion, seedling vigor was not affected. Seeds of this species were partially tolerant to submersion in water, suggesting that C. lucens is a promising species for direct seeding in riparian forest restora- tion projects.
基金Marcelo S.Mielke gratefully acknowledge CNPq(Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)for the award of fellowship of scientific productivity(305477/2018-8).
文摘Aims Screening tree species in tropical rainforest according to their shade tolerance is important to efficiently manage the native trees of economic significance in secondary forest enrichment regimes.The objective of this study was to determine the whole-plant light compensation point(WPLCP)and compare the phenotypic plasticity in relation to growth and carbon allocation of Cariniana legalis and Gallesia integrifolia seedlings under low light availability.Methods Seedlings were cultivated for 77 days under conditions of five photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)(0.02,1.1,2.3,4.5 and 5.9 mol photons m^(−2)day^(−1))in three replicates.Growth and carbon allocation variables were determined.Important Findings Growth rates of C.legalis were higher and lower than those of G.integrifolia under 1.1 and 5.9 mol photons m^(−2)day^(−1),respectively.The WPLCP differed significantly between the two species.In accordance with the criteria of the shade tolerance classification for these two tropical tree species,our results showed that C.legalis had lower WPLCP and phenotypic plasticity in terms of higher growth rates and greater shade tolerance than G.integrifolia.From a practical point of view,we demonstrated that the differential linkage between growth and changing PAR between the two species can become a useful tool for comparing and selecting tree species in forest enrichment projects.
文摘Our aim was to evaluate the potential use of BioMedFlex? (BMF), a new resilient, hard-carbon, thin- film coating, as a blood journal bearing material in Cleveland Heart’s continuous-flow left and right ven- tricular assist devices (VADs). BMF is not classified as a diamond-like carbon (DLC) and differs from other thin-film carbon coatings by its high flexural strength, radiopacity, and wear resistance. A 2- to 4-μm-thick BMF adhesion layer was deposited on the VAD journal bearing surfaces. A commercial DLC coating used in other clinical blood pump applications was used as a control. Durability and reliability of the BMF coating was verified in severe pump start/stop testing using 20 BMF-coated journal bearing pairs. The BMF-coated surfaces showed no coating failures, whereas 57% of the DLC bearing pairs developed scratches through the carbon coating, documenting that BMF can provide a durable coating in our blood journal bearing application. In conclusion, BMF has shown qualities that support its significant advantages as an alternative journal bea- ring material in Cleveland Heart pumps. Our plan includes biocompatibility testing with ongoing animal studies, endurance testing with submerged pumps running in saline, and assessment of batch coating processing capability.
文摘Aim: To study the efficacy and safety of deep sclerectomy (DS) augmented with intraoperative low dose mitomycin C (MMC) in a west African population. Methods: Prospective,randomised,controlled trial. Trial participants were Nigerian patients with medically uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma undergoing primary surgery at Maja Hospital,Lagos,Nigeria. 39 eyes of 39 patients undergoing DS were randomised into receiving intraoperative MMC 0.25 mg/ml for 2 minutes at the end of procedure (DS-MMC) and a control group (DSnoMMC). Results: There were 21 patients in the DS-noMMC and 18 in the DS-AAMC group with no difference in the preoperative characteristics of the groups. Mean follow up was 16.4 (SD 11.3) months. The probability of maintaining an intraocular pressure less than 18 mm Hg with or without additional medications (95% confidence intervals) at 1 year was 70% (47-92% ,95% ) and 79% (57-100% ),and at 18 months was 35% (8-62% ) and 38% (7-69% ) for the DS-noMMC and DS-MMC groups,respectively,with no difference in success rates (p = 0.6). An IOP of less than 18 mm Hg without additional medication was maintained in 65% (41-89% ) and 73% (49-96% ) at 1 year and 24% (8-48% ) and 13% (13-46% ) at 18 months for the DS-noMMC and DS-MMC groups,respectively (p = 0.5). There were no serious complications related to the procedure. Conclusions: The success rates of DS in black west African glaucoma patients,as performed in this study,were low. The study did not achieve sufficient power to detect whether low dose intraoperative MMCapplication can increase success rates of DS.
基金supported by the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)with a PhD scholarship(CAPES process:88887.605034/2021-00,88887.605029/2021-00,and 88887.694146/2022-00,respectively)supported by the S?o Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)with a PhD scholarship(FAPESP process:2019/24124-7)。
文摘Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels.Also,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice.Thus,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender inequalities.Methods:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019.MVPA was self-reported.Participants were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)adolescents.Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates.Analyses were stratified by country and region.Results:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week.This prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions were<77%.The prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)vs.Prevalence ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between regions.Gender differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest adolescents.Priorities for physical activity
基金supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)Investigator Grant(APP2008702)supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Developments-CNPq(process number 308772/2022-9)。
文摘Background:Optimal patterns of accrual of recommended levels of physical activity(PA)for prevention of hypertension and obesity are not known.The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether different patterns of accumulation of PA are differentially associated with hypertension and obesity in Australian women over 21 years.Specifically,we investigated whether,for the same weekly volume of PA,the number of sessions(frequency)and vigorousness of PA(intensity)were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hypertension and obesity in women.Methods:Data from the 1973-1978 and 1946-1951 cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were analyzed(n=20,588;12%-16%with a Bachelor's or higher degree).Self-reported PA,hypertension,height,and weight were collected using mail surveys every 3 years from 1998/2000 to 2019/2021.Generalized Estimating Equation models with a 3-year lag model were used to investigate the association of PA volume(metabolic equivalent min/week)(none;33-499;500-999;≥1000,weekly frequency(none;1-2 times;3-4times;5-7 times;≥8 times),and the proportion of vigorous PA to total volume of PA(none;0%;1%-33%;34%-66%;67%-100%)with odds of hypertension and obesity from 2000 to 2021.Results:The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 6%in the 1973-1978 and 23%in the 1946-1951 cohort;27%of women in the 1973-1978;and 15%in the 1946-1951 cohort developed obesity over the period.Overall,a higher volume of PA was associated with reduced odds of hypertension and obesity.When the volume of PA was considered,the odds of hypertension did not vary according to the frequency or intensity of PA.However,increased proportion of vigorous PA to the total volume of PA was associated with a small additional reduction in the risk of obe sity.Conclusion:PA volume appears to be more important than the pattern of accumulation for the prevention of hypertension and obesity.Incorporating more sessions,particularly of vigorous-intensity PA,may provide extra benefits for the prevention of obesity.
文摘Origin and fate of pancreatic stellate cells （PSCs） before, during and after pancreatic injury are a matter of de- bate. The crucial role of PSCs in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis is generally accepted. However, the turnover of the cells remains obscure. The present study addressed the issue of a potential bone marrow （BM） origin of PSCs. We used a model of stable hematopoietic chimerism by grafting enhanced green fluorescence protein （eGFP）-express- ing BM cells after irradiation of acceptor rats. Chimerism was detected by FACS analysis of eGFP-positive cells in the peripheral blood. Dibutyltin dichloride （DBTC） was used to induce acute pancreatic inflammation with subse- quent recovery over 4 weeks. Investigations have been focused on isolated cells to detect the resting PSC population. The incidence of eGFP-positive PSC obtained from the pancreas of chimeric rats was approximately 7% in healthy pancreatic tissue and increased significantly to a mean of 18% in the restored pancreas 4 weeks after DBTC-induced acute inflammation. Our results suggest that BM-derived progenitor cells represent a source of renewable stellate cells in the pancreas. Increased numbers of resting PSCs after regeneration point toward enhanced recruitment of BM-derived cells to the pancreas and/or re-acquisition of a quiescent state after inflammation-induced activation.
文摘1.Background BRICS is an acronym for an international association of 5countries(Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa),which together represent the world's major emerging economies and almost one-half of the worlds population.
