Target plasmas, on which the formation of the electrostatic potentials and the improvement of the confinement are studied, are produced with ICRF in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. The ion temperature of more than 10 keV ...Target plasmas, on which the formation of the electrostatic potentials and the improvement of the confinement are studied, are produced with ICRF in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. The ion temperature of more than 10 keV has been achieved in relatively low density plasmas. When the strong ICRF heating is applied, it is observed that the high frequency and the low frequency fluctuations are excited and suppress the increase of the plasma parameters. Recently, a new high power gyrotron system has been constructed and the ECRH power in plug extends up to 370 kW. The improvement of the confinement due to the formation of the potential in the axial direction and the strong radial electric field shear has been observed.展开更多
We report the SERS enhancements of Raman forbidden surface modes of TiO<sub>2</sub> in different sized TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals. This current study utilizes the relationship between the vibroni...We report the SERS enhancements of Raman forbidden surface modes of TiO<sub>2</sub> in different sized TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals. This current study utilizes the relationship between the vibronic coupling and the degree of charge-transfer to explain the differences of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) enhancements. Our study shows a direct correlation between the degree of charge-transfer and vibronic coupling. This relationship suggests that charge-transfer between the N-719 dye and TiO<sub>2</sub> due to vibronic coupling plays a fundamental role in SERS enhancements. Furthermore, this study shows a strong dependence of the enhancements of the N-719 dye molecular modes to that of the surface modes. This indicates that the mechanism that governs the enhancements of the surface modes in TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals most likely also dictates the enhancements of the N-719 dyes.展开更多
The differential expression of two closelyassociated cyclooxygenase isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2, exhibited functions beyond eicosanoid metabolism. We hypothesized that COX-1 or COX-2 knockout lung fibroblasts may displa...The differential expression of two closelyassociated cyclooxygenase isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2, exhibited functions beyond eicosanoid metabolism. We hypothesized that COX-1 or COX-2 knockout lung fibroblasts may display altered protein profiles which may allow us to further differentiate the functional roles of these isozymes at the molecular level. Proteomic analysis shows constitutive production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MIF） in lung fibroblasts derived from COX-2 / but not wild-type （WT） or COX-1-/- mice. MIF was spontaneously released in high levels into the extracellular milieu of COX2 /- fibroblasts seemingly from the pre- formed intracellular stores, with no change in the basal gene expression of MIF. The secretion and regulation of MIF in COX-2-/- was ＂prostaglandin-independent.＂ GO analysis showed that concurrent with upregulation of MIF, there is a significant surge in expression of genes related to fibroblast growth, FK506 binding proteins, and isomerase activity in COX-2 ! cells. Furthermore, COX-2-/- fibroblasts also exhibit a significant increase in transcriptional activity of various regu- lators, antagonists, and co-modulators of p53, as well as in the expression of oncogenes and related transcripts. Integrative Oncogenomics Cancer Browser （IntroGen） analysis shows downregulation of COX-2 and amplification of MIF and/or p53 activity during development of glioblastomas, ependymoma, and colon adenomas. These data indicate the functional role of the MIF-COX- p53 axis in inflammation and cancer at the genomic and proteomie levels in COX-2-ablated cells. This systematic analysis not only shows the proinflammatory state but also unveils a molecular signature of a pro-oncogenic state of COX-1 in COX-2 ablated cells.展开更多
The constitutively-expressed cyclooxygenase 1（COX-1） and the inducible COX-2 are both involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid（AA） to prostaglandins（PGs）.However,the functional roles of COX-1 at the cellul...The constitutively-expressed cyclooxygenase 1（COX-1） and the inducible COX-2 are both involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid（AA） to prostaglandins（PGs）.However,the functional roles of COX-1 at the cellular level remain unclear.We hypothesized that by comparing differential gene expression and eicosanoid metabolism in lung fibroblasts from wild-type（WT） mice and COX-2^（-/-） or COX-1^（-/-） mice may help address the functional roles of COX-1 in inflammation and other cellular functions.Compared to WT,the number of specifically-induced transcripts were altered descendingly as follows：COX-2^（-/-） 〉 COX-1^（-/-） 〉 WT ＋ IL-1β.COX-1^（-/-） or COX-2^（-/-） cells shared about 50%of the induced transcripts with WT cells treated with IL-1β,respectively.An interactive ＂anti-inflammatory,proinflammatory,and redox-activated＂ signature in the protein-protein interactome map was observed in COX-2^（-/-） cells.The augmented COX-1mRNA（in COX-2^（-/-） cells） was associated with the upregulation of mRNAs for glutathione S-transferase（GST）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,NAD（P）H dehydrogenase quinone 1（NQO1）,aryl hydrocarbon receptor（AhR）,peroxiredoxin,phospholipase,prostacyclin synthase,and prostaglandin E synthase,resulting in a significant increase in the levels of PGE2,PGD2,leukotriene B4（LTB4）,PGF（1α）,thromboxane B2（TXB2）,and PGF（2α）.The COX-1 plays a dominant role in shifting AA toward the LTB4 pathway and anti-inflammatory activities.Compared to WT,the upregulated COX-1 mRNA in COX-2^（-/-） cells generated an ＂eicosanoid storm＂.The genomic characteristics of COX-2^（-/-） is similar to that of proinflammatory cells as observed in IL-1β induced WT cells.COX-1^（-/-） and COX-2^（-/-） cells exhibited compensation of various eicosanoids at the genomic and metabolic levels.展开更多
Pre-sowing treatments are expected to increase seed germination.This evaluates response to pre-sowing treatments and the growth performance of two native and rare tree species,Garuga pinnata Roxb.and Vitex glabrata R....Pre-sowing treatments are expected to increase seed germination.This evaluates response to pre-sowing treatments and the growth performance of two native and rare tree species,Garuga pinnata Roxb.and Vitex glabrata R.Br.The hard seed coats were treated by rubbing with sand paper,nail clipping,and immersion in water and acid（H_2SO_4）.Results indicate that G.pinnata showed a 90% germination rate and 30% germination energy when seed coats were nicked with a nail clipper.Rubbing with sand paper was the best pre-sowing treatment for V.glabrata,resulting a 80% germination rate and 30% germination energy.G.pinnata and V.glabrata seedlings from seeds soaked 24h in water resulted in maximum heights and collar diameters.These were significantly higher（at p〈0.05） than those of other treatments.The results indicate that scarification or nicking of seeds may have some negative impacts on seedling growth.Therefore,it is difficult to recommend a pre-sowing treatment of seeds for achieving both maximum germination and good early seedling growth.展开更多
基金supported in part by the JSPS-CAS Core University Program in the field of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion
文摘Target plasmas, on which the formation of the electrostatic potentials and the improvement of the confinement are studied, are produced with ICRF in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. The ion temperature of more than 10 keV has been achieved in relatively low density plasmas. When the strong ICRF heating is applied, it is observed that the high frequency and the low frequency fluctuations are excited and suppress the increase of the plasma parameters. Recently, a new high power gyrotron system has been constructed and the ECRH power in plug extends up to 370 kW. The improvement of the confinement due to the formation of the potential in the axial direction and the strong radial electric field shear has been observed.
文摘We report the SERS enhancements of Raman forbidden surface modes of TiO<sub>2</sub> in different sized TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals. This current study utilizes the relationship between the vibronic coupling and the degree of charge-transfer to explain the differences of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) enhancements. Our study shows a direct correlation between the degree of charge-transfer and vibronic coupling. This relationship suggests that charge-transfer between the N-719 dye and TiO<sub>2</sub> due to vibronic coupling plays a fundamental role in SERS enhancements. Furthermore, this study shows a strong dependence of the enhancements of the N-719 dye molecular modes to that of the surface modes. This indicates that the mechanism that governs the enhancements of the surface modes in TiO<sub>2</sub> crystals most likely also dictates the enhancements of the N-719 dyes.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health of the United States(Grant Nos.NS051715,AR 47206-03,and AG030539)Yamanuchi[Astellas]Pharmaceuticals,Japan
文摘The differential expression of two closelyassociated cyclooxygenase isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2, exhibited functions beyond eicosanoid metabolism. We hypothesized that COX-1 or COX-2 knockout lung fibroblasts may display altered protein profiles which may allow us to further differentiate the functional roles of these isozymes at the molecular level. Proteomic analysis shows constitutive production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MIF） in lung fibroblasts derived from COX-2 / but not wild-type （WT） or COX-1-/- mice. MIF was spontaneously released in high levels into the extracellular milieu of COX2 /- fibroblasts seemingly from the pre- formed intracellular stores, with no change in the basal gene expression of MIF. The secretion and regulation of MIF in COX-2-/- was ＂prostaglandin-independent.＂ GO analysis showed that concurrent with upregulation of MIF, there is a significant surge in expression of genes related to fibroblast growth, FK506 binding proteins, and isomerase activity in COX-2 ! cells. Furthermore, COX-2-/- fibroblasts also exhibit a significant increase in transcriptional activity of various regu- lators, antagonists, and co-modulators of p53, as well as in the expression of oncogenes and related transcripts. Integrative Oncogenomics Cancer Browser （IntroGen） analysis shows downregulation of COX-2 and amplification of MIF and/or p53 activity during development of glioblastomas, ependymoma, and colon adenomas. These data indicate the functional role of the MIF-COX- p53 axis in inflammation and cancer at the genomic and proteomie levels in COX-2-ablated cells. This systematic analysis not only shows the proinflammatory state but also unveils a molecular signature of a pro-oncogenic state of COX-1 in COX-2 ablated cells.
文摘The constitutively-expressed cyclooxygenase 1（COX-1） and the inducible COX-2 are both involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid（AA） to prostaglandins（PGs）.However,the functional roles of COX-1 at the cellular level remain unclear.We hypothesized that by comparing differential gene expression and eicosanoid metabolism in lung fibroblasts from wild-type（WT） mice and COX-2^（-/-） or COX-1^（-/-） mice may help address the functional roles of COX-1 in inflammation and other cellular functions.Compared to WT,the number of specifically-induced transcripts were altered descendingly as follows：COX-2^（-/-） 〉 COX-1^（-/-） 〉 WT ＋ IL-1β.COX-1^（-/-） or COX-2^（-/-） cells shared about 50%of the induced transcripts with WT cells treated with IL-1β,respectively.An interactive ＂anti-inflammatory,proinflammatory,and redox-activated＂ signature in the protein-protein interactome map was observed in COX-2^（-/-） cells.The augmented COX-1mRNA（in COX-2^（-/-） cells） was associated with the upregulation of mRNAs for glutathione S-transferase（GST）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,NAD（P）H dehydrogenase quinone 1（NQO1）,aryl hydrocarbon receptor（AhR）,peroxiredoxin,phospholipase,prostacyclin synthase,and prostaglandin E synthase,resulting in a significant increase in the levels of PGE2,PGD2,leukotriene B4（LTB4）,PGF（1α）,thromboxane B2（TXB2）,and PGF（2α）.The COX-1 plays a dominant role in shifting AA toward the LTB4 pathway and anti-inflammatory activities.Compared to WT,the upregulated COX-1 mRNA in COX-2^（-/-） cells generated an ＂eicosanoid storm＂.The genomic characteristics of COX-2^（-/-） is similar to that of proinflammatory cells as observed in IL-1β induced WT cells.COX-1^（-/-） and COX-2^（-/-） cells exhibited compensation of various eicosanoids at the genomic and metabolic levels.
文摘Pre-sowing treatments are expected to increase seed germination.This evaluates response to pre-sowing treatments and the growth performance of two native and rare tree species,Garuga pinnata Roxb.and Vitex glabrata R.Br.The hard seed coats were treated by rubbing with sand paper,nail clipping,and immersion in water and acid（H_2SO_4）.Results indicate that G.pinnata showed a 90% germination rate and 30% germination energy when seed coats were nicked with a nail clipper.Rubbing with sand paper was the best pre-sowing treatment for V.glabrata,resulting a 80% germination rate and 30% germination energy.G.pinnata and V.glabrata seedlings from seeds soaked 24h in water resulted in maximum heights and collar diameters.These were significantly higher（at p〈0.05） than those of other treatments.The results indicate that scarification or nicking of seeds may have some negative impacts on seedling growth.Therefore,it is difficult to recommend a pre-sowing treatment of seeds for achieving both maximum germination and good early seedling growth.
