Metal halide perovskites are crystalline materials originally developed out of scientific curiosity. They have shown great potential as active materials in optoelectronic applications. In the last 6 years, their certi...Metal halide perovskites are crystalline materials originally developed out of scientific curiosity. They have shown great potential as active materials in optoelectronic applications. In the last 6 years, their certified photovoltaic efficiencies have reached 22.1%. Compared to bulk halide perovskites, low-dimensional ones exhibited novel physical properties. The photoluminescence quantum yields of perovskite quantum dots are close to 100%. The external quantum efficiencies and current efficiencies of perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes have reached 8% and 43 cd A^(-1),respectively, and their nanowire lasers show ultralow-threshold room-temperature lasing with emission tunability and ease of synthesis. Perovskite nanowire photodetectors reached a responsivity of 10 A W^(-1)and a specific normalized detectivity of the order of 10^(12 )Jones. Different from most reported reviews focusing on photovoltaic applications, we summarize the rapid progress in the study of low-dimensional perovskite materials, as well as their promising applications in optoelectronic devices. In particular, we review the wide tunability of fabrication methods and the state-of-the-art research outputs of low-dimensional perovskite optoelectronic devices. Finally, the anticipated challenges and potential for this exciting research are proposed.展开更多
Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is a promising candidate for photodetector applications boasting unique material benefits and remarkable optoelectronic properties.Achieving high-performance self-powered Sb_(2)Se_(3)pho...Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is a promising candidate for photodetector applications boasting unique material benefits and remarkable optoelectronic properties.Achieving high-performance self-powered Sb_(2)Se_(3)photodetector through a synergistic regulation of absorber layer and heterojunction interface demonstrates great potential and needs essential investigation.In this study,an effective two-step thermodynamic/kinetic deposition technique containing sputtered and selenized Sb precursor is implemented to induce self-assembled growth of Sb_(2)Se_(3)light absorbing thin film with large crystal grains and desirable[hk1]orientation,presenting considerable thin-film photodetector performance.Furthermore,aluminum(Al^(3+))cation dopant is introduced to modify the optoelectronic properties of CdS buffer layer,and further optimize the Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS(Al)heterojunction interface quality.Thanks to the suppressed carrier recombination and enhanced carrier transport kinetics,the champion Mo/Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS(Al)/ITO/Ag photodetector exhibits self-powered and broadband characteristics,accompanied by simultaneously high responsivity of 0.9 A W^(-1)(at 11 nW cm^(-2)),linear dynamic range of 120 dB,impressive ON/OFF switching ratio over 10^(6)and signal-to-noise ratio of 10^(9),record total noise determined realistic detectivity of 4.78×10^(12)Jones,and ultra-fast response speed with rise/decay time of 24/75 ns,representing the top level for Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photodetectors.This intriguing work opens up an avenue for its selfpowered broadband photodetector applications.展开更多
AIM To determine short-and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) using the stag beetle(SB) knife, a scissor-shaped device.METHODS Seventy consecutive patients with 96 early esophageal neoplasms, ...AIM To determine short-and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) using the stag beetle(SB) knife, a scissor-shaped device.METHODS Seventy consecutive patients with 96 early esophageal neoplasms, who underwent ESD using a SB knife at Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Japan, between April 2010 and August 2016, were retrospectively evaluated. Clinicopathological characteristics of lesions and procedural adverse events were assessed. Therapeutic success was evaluated on the basis of en bloc, histologically complete, and curative or non-curative resection rates. Overall and tumor-specific survival, local or distant recurrence, and 3-and 5-year cumulative overall metachronous cancer rates were also assessed.RESULTS Eligible patients had dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia(22%) or early cancers(squamous cell carcinoma, 78%). The median procedural time was 60 min and on average, the lesions measured 24 mm in diameter, yielding 33-mm tissue defects. The en bloc resection rate was 100%, with 95% and 81% of dissections deemed histologically complete and curative, respectively. All procedures were completed without accidental incisions/perforations or delayed bleeding. During follow-up(mean, 35 ± 23 mo), no local recurrences or metastases were observed. The 3-and 5-year survival rates were 83% and 70%, respectively, with corresponding rates of 85% and 75% for curative resections and 74% and 49% for noncurative resections. The 3-and 5-year cumulative rates of metachronous cancer in the patients with curative resections were 14% and 26%, respectively.CONCLUSION ESD procedures using the SB knife are feasible, safe, and effective for treating early esophageal neoplasms, yielding favorable short-and long-term outcomes.展开更多
Two non-destructive analytical techniques (gamma spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer) were employed in the analysis of bauxite and rutile ore and their vicinity soil and control sourced within the Kanam and Wase min...Two non-destructive analytical techniques (gamma spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer) were employed in the analysis of bauxite and rutile ore and their vicinity soil and control sourced within the Kanam and Wase mineral exploration sites. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K in the soil samples received from bauxite and rutile mineral mining vicinities revealed high concentrations of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K compared to the control soil samples sourced 500 m away from the mineral exploration vicinities. Radiological detriments RLI, AUI, Hin and Hex unveiled values exceeding the radiation standard concentration (>1) for soil. X-ray diffraction characterization of bauxite ore revealed the interlocking minerals of Bauxite (18)%, Albite (11)%, Garnet (15)%, Illite (6)% and Muscovite (43)% in various proportions obtained within the 2θ range (9.18 to 64.4) and a peak value (intensity, cps) of 3400. Pure bauxite percentage in the ore meets metallurgical grade (15 - 25)%. X-ray diffraction of rutile ore revealed the minerals of rutile (40)%, quartz (21.4)%, ilmenite (27)% and garnet (11.8)% found within the 2θ range (27.5 to 35.6) and a peak value intensity of 31.1 - 100.0 cps also meeting the metallurgical grade of 15% - 25%. The major environmental concern associated with the mineral-sands industry is the radiation hazards, pollution of ground-water sources from heavy metals, mineral transport with heavy equipment’s, dredging operations in fragile coastal area and clearing of vegetation.展开更多
Communities play a crucial role in protecting the health of vulnerable populations such as the elderly,low-income groups,and high-risk individuals during cold spells.However,current strategies for responding to cold s...Communities play a crucial role in protecting the health of vulnerable populations such as the elderly,low-income groups,and high-risk individuals during cold spells.However,current strategies for responding to cold spells primarily consist of programmatic policies that lack practicality,specificity,and detailed implementation guidelines for community workers.Therefore,this study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by communities in responding to cold spells,review international experiences,and develop a set of practical checklists for community-level health protection.These checklists will assist community workers and volunteers in effectively preparing for,responding to,and recovering from cold spells.展开更多
Sb_(2)Se_(3) with unique one-dimensional(1D) crystal structure exhibits exceptional deformation tolerance,demonstrating great application potential in flexible devices.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of f...Sb_(2)Se_(3) with unique one-dimensional(1D) crystal structure exhibits exceptional deformation tolerance,demonstrating great application potential in flexible devices.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) photovoltaic devices is temporarily limited by the complicated intrinsic defects and the undesirable contact interfaces.Herein,a high-quality Sb_(2)Se_(3) absorber layer with large crystal grains and benign [hkl] growth orientation can be first prepared on a Mo foil substrate.Then NaF intermediate layer is introduced between Mo and Sb_(2)Se_(3),which can further optimize the growth of Sb_(2)Se_(3)thin film.Moreover,positive Na ion diffusion enables it to dramatically lower barrier height at the back contact interface and passivate harmful defects at both bulk and heterojunction.As a result,the champion substrate structured Mo-foil/Mo/NaF/Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS/ITO/Ag flexible thin-film solar cell delivers an obviously higher efficiency of 8.03% and a record open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of 0.492 V.This flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device also exhibits excellent stability and flexibility to stand large bending radius and multiple bending times,as well as superior weak light photo-response with derived efficiency of 12.60%.This work presents an effective strategy to enhance the flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device performance and expand its potential photovoltaic applications.展开更多
Objective:The study assessed the quality of life(QoL)and coping strategies of patients on hemodialysis in selected hospitals in Ilorin,Kwara State.Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design using a qua...Objective:The study assessed the quality of life(QoL)and coping strategies of patients on hemodialysis in selected hospitals in Ilorin,Kwara State.Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design using a quantitative strategy.A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select 80 participants.The data were collected using an adapted questionnaire including four sections:sociodemographic characteristics,hemodialysis stressor scale consisting of four stressors,Jaloweic Coping Scale consisting of eight coping strategies,and QoL consisting of four items.The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results:Findings from the study revealed that 50%of the participants were between the ages of 18 and 39 years,40%of the participants have been on hemodialysis for 1-2 years,whereas 52.5%had hypertension as a comorbidity.A total of 12.5%,63.8%,and 23.8%of the respondents were categorized as experiencing low,moderate,and high stress due to hemodialysis,respectively.QoL of the respondents revealed that 49.4%had no problem in self-care dimension.Average monthly income(χ^(2)=16.36,P=0.04)was observed to be significantly associated with coping strategies,whereas religion(χ^(2)=11.14,P=0.03)and frequency of hemodialysis(χ^(2)=10.26,P=0.04)were significantly associated with coping helpfulness.Conclusion:All participants experienced stress at varying degrees.Hemodialysis results in marked changes in the quality of patients’life,since it includes a number of modifications and restrictions,which affects patients’health functioning.This study revealed a wide range of information on the psychological and physiological stressors of people under hemodialysis.展开更多
Background: Antenatal care is one of the strategies aimed at addressing maternal mortality as it facilitates the identification and avoid pregnancy related problems and save lives of mothers and babies. Purpose: This ...Background: Antenatal care is one of the strategies aimed at addressing maternal mortality as it facilitates the identification and avoid pregnancy related problems and save lives of mothers and babies. Purpose: This study aimed knowledge attitude and practice towards antenatal care among pregnant women attending for antenatal care in SOS Hospital, Hiliwa District, Benadir region, Somalia during the period of the study from April 2021-July 2021. Methodology: The study was descriptive cross-sectional, retrospective hospital based;a total of 60 of pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Data were collected through interview method using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was used Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 for analysis (SPSS). Results: The study discovered a total of 60 respondents have participated of which 45 (75%) had knowledge towards antenatal care, while the study found that the sources of antenatal care information was;23 (38%) from health care providers at health centers and 10 (17%) from husbands. Among the study respondents 48 (80%) have convenience and accepted the utilization of antenatal care and a total of 51 (85%) were seeking permission for antenatal care visit. Also study respondents about 35 (58%) utilized antenatal care visit during their previous pregnancies and 25 (42%) did not. About 22 (36%) were preferred mother and child health centers, 10 (16%) were preferred public hospitals and few proportion 2 (5%) were preferred private hospital for antenatal care visit respectively. Finally the study showed that, multigravida, gestational months, seeking permission and spouse accompany to the antenatal care visit and level of awareness significantly contributed to the utilization of ANC by pregnant women in this study. Significant difference was strongly observed (P = 0.000). Conclusion and Recommendations: In conclusion, there was good knowledge and positive attitude towards ANC despite poor antenatal care utilization, the study recommended;the federal ministry of heal展开更多
Catalytic oxidative desulfurization(ODS) of model oil and commercial oil samples was investigated using an air-assisted performic acid oxidation system with a phase transfer or emulsion catalyst comprising a quaternar...Catalytic oxidative desulfurization(ODS) of model oil and commercial oil samples was investigated using an air-assisted performic acid oxidation system with a phase transfer or emulsion catalyst comprising a quaternary ammonium salt-based heteropolyoxometalate.Different emulsion catalysts with a Keggin type heteroployoxometalate anion(containing W,Mo,and V) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cation were prepared and characterized by X-ray fluorescence,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.[C16H33N(CH3)3]3[PW9Mo3O40] was the most effective catalyst in the current oxidation system,which reduced the sulfur content of the model oil from 1275 μg/g to 57 μg/g.The reactivity order of different model sulfur compounds was thiophene < dibenzothiophene < 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. The ODS of model sulfur compounds followed first order kinetics with apparent activation energy from 29 to 27 kJ/mol.The catalysts also performed efficiently in the ODS of the industrial oil samples,including untreated naphtha,light gas oil,heavy gas oil,and Athabasca oil sands derived bitumen,for which sulfur removal rates were 83%,85%,68% and 64%,respectively.展开更多
With the increasing usage of drugs to remedy different diseases,drug safety has become crucial over the past few years.Often medicine from several companies is offered for a single disease that involves the same/simil...With the increasing usage of drugs to remedy different diseases,drug safety has become crucial over the past few years.Often medicine from several companies is offered for a single disease that involves the same/similar substances with slightly different formulae.Such diversification is both helpful and danger-ous as such medicine proves to be more effective or shows side effects to different patients.Despite clinical trials,side effects are reported when the medicine is used by the mass public,of which several such experiences are shared on social media platforms.A system capable of analyzing such reviews could be very helpful to assist healthcare professionals and companies for evaluating the safety of drugs after it has been marketed.Sentiment analysis of drug reviews has a large poten-tial for providing valuable insights into these cases.Therefore,this study proposes an approach to perform analysis on the drug safety reviews using lexicon-based and deep learning techniques.A dataset acquired from the‘Drugs.Com’contain-ing reviews of drug-related side effects and reactions,is used for experiments.A lexicon-based approach,Textblob is used to extract the positive,negative or neu-tral sentiment from the review text.Review classification is achieved using a novel hybrid deep learning model of convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory(CNN-LSTM)network.The CNN is used at thefirst level to extract the appropriate features while LSTM is used at the second level.Several well-known machine learning models including logistic regression,random for-est,decision tree,and AdaBoost are evaluated using term frequency-inverse docu-ment frequency(TF-IDF),a bag of words(BoW),feature union of(TF-IDF+BoW),and lexicon-based methods.Performance analysis with machine learning models,long short term memory and convolutional neural network models,and state-of-the-art approaches indicate that the proposed CNN-LSTM model shows superior performance with an 0.96 accuracy.We also performed a statistical sig-nificance T-tes展开更多
Speech signals play an essential role in communication and provide an efficient way to exchange information between humans and machines.Speech Emotion Recognition(SER)is one of the critical sources for human evaluatio...Speech signals play an essential role in communication and provide an efficient way to exchange information between humans and machines.Speech Emotion Recognition(SER)is one of the critical sources for human evaluation,which is applicable in many real-world applications such as healthcare,call centers,robotics,safety,and virtual reality.This work developed a novel TCN-based emotion recognition system using speech signals through a spatial-temporal convolution network to recognize the speaker’s emotional state.The authors designed a Temporal Convolutional Network(TCN)core block to recognize long-term dependencies in speech signals and then feed these temporal cues to a dense network to fuse the spatial features and recognize global information for final classification.The proposed network extracts valid sequential cues automatically from speech signals,which performed better than state-of-the-art(SOTA)and traditional machine learning algorithms.Results of the proposed method show a high recognition rate compared with SOTAmethods.The final unweighted accuracy of 80.84%,and 92.31%,for interactive emotional dyadic motion captures(IEMOCAP)and berlin emotional dataset(EMO-DB),indicate the robustness and efficiency of the designed model.展开更多
A self-adaptive resource provisioning on demand is a critical factor in cloud computing.The selection of accurate amount of resources at run time is not easy due to dynamic nature of requests.Therefore,a self-adaptive...A self-adaptive resource provisioning on demand is a critical factor in cloud computing.The selection of accurate amount of resources at run time is not easy due to dynamic nature of requests.Therefore,a self-adaptive strategy of resources is required to deal with dynamic nature of requests based on run time change in workload.In this paper we proposed a Cloud-based Adaptive Resource Scheduling Strategy(CARSS)Framework that formally addresses these issues and is more expressive than traditional approaches.The decision making in CARSS is based on more than one factors.TheMAPE-K based framework determines the state of the resources based on their current utilization.Timed-Arc Petri Net(TAPN)is used to model system formally and behaviour is expressed in TCTL,while TAPAAL model checker verifies the underline properties of the system.展开更多
Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is a potential photovoltaic(PV)material for next-generation solar cells and has achieved great development in the last several years.The properties of Sb_(2)Se_(3)absorber and back conta...Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is a potential photovoltaic(PV)material for next-generation solar cells and has achieved great development in the last several years.The properties of Sb_(2)Se_(3)absorber and back contact influence the PV performances of Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells.Hence,optimization of back contact characteristics and absorber orientation are crucial steps in raising the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells.In this work,MoO2was introduced as an intermediate layer(IL)in Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells,and comparative investigations were conducted.The growth of(211)-oriented Sb_(2)Se_(3)with large grains was facilitated by introducing the MoO2IL with suitable thickness.The MoO2IL substantially lowered the back contact barrier and prevented the formation of voids at the back contact,which reduced the thickness of the MoSe2interface layer,inhibited carrier recombination,and minimized bulk and interfacial defects in devices.Subsequently,significant optimization enhanced the open-circuit voltage(VOC)of solar cells from 0.481 V to 0.487 V,short-circuit current density(JSC)from 23.81 m A/cm^(2)to 29.29 m A/cm^(2),and fill factor from 50.28%to 57.10%,which boosted the PCE from 5.75%to 8.14%.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC) cells involved with semiconductor electrodes can simultaneously absorb solar energy and perform chemical reactions, which are considered as an attractive strategy to produce renewable and cle...Photoelectrochemical(PEC) cells involved with semiconductor electrodes can simultaneously absorb solar energy and perform chemical reactions, which are considered as an attractive strategy to produce renewable and clean hydrogen energy. Sb_(2)Se_(3) has been widely investigated in constructing PEC photocathodes benefitting of its low toxicity, suitable band gap, superior optoelectronic properties, and outstanding photocorrosion stability. We first present a brief overview of basic concepts and principles of PEC water splitting as well as a comparison between Sb_(2)Se_(3) and other numerous candidates. Then the material characteristics and preparation methods of Sb_(2)Se_(3) are introduced. The development of Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photocathodes in PEC water splitting with various architectures and engineering efforts(i.e., absorber engineering, interfaces engineering, co-catalyst engineering and tandem engineering) to improve solar-to-hydrogen(STH) efficiency are highlighted. Finally, we debate the possible future directions to further explore the researching fields of Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photocathodes with a strongly positive outlook in PEC processed solar hydrogen production.展开更多
The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and security.Crowd counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of con...The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and security.Crowd counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of congested scenes for prompt reactionary actions.The crowd is always unexpected,and the benchmarked available datasets have a lot of variation,which limits the trained models’performance on unseen test data.In this paper,we proposed an end-to-end deep neural network that takes an input image and generates a density map of a crowd scene.The proposed model consists of encoder and decoder networks comprising batch-free normalization layers known as evolving normalization(EvoNorm).This allows our network to be generalized for unseen data because EvoNorm is not using statistics from the training samples.The decoder network uses dilated 2D convolutional layers to provide large receptive fields and fewer parameters,which enables real-time processing and solves the density drift problem due to its large receptive field.Five benchmark datasets are used in this study to assess the proposed model,resulting in the conclusion that it outperforms conventional models.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is ranked among the top 10 causes of death by the world health organization.During the last few years,an alarming increase is observed worldwide with a 70%rise in the dise...Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is ranked among the top 10 causes of death by the world health organization.During the last few years,an alarming increase is observed worldwide with a 70%rise in the disease since 2000 and an 80%rise in male deaths.If untreated,it results in complications of many vital organs of the human body which may lead to fatality.Early detection of diabetes is a task of significant importance to start timely treatment.This study introduces a methodology for the classification of diabetic and normal people using an ensemble machine learning model and feature fusion of Chi-square and principal component analysis.An ensemble model,logistic tree classifier(LTC),is proposed which incorporates logistic regression and extra tree classifier through a soft voting mechanism.Experiments are also performed using several well-known machine learning algorithms to analyze their performance including logistic regression,extra tree classifier,AdaBoost,Gaussian naive Bayes,decision tree,random forest,and k nearest neighbor.In addition,several experiments are carried out using principal component analysis(PCA)and Chi-square(Chi-2)fea-tures to analyze the influence of feature selection on the performance of machine learning classifiers.Results indicate that Chi-2 features show high performance than both PCA features and original features.However,the highest accuracy is obtained when the proposed ensemble model LTC is used with the proposed fea-ture fusion framework-work which achieves a 0.85 accuracy score which is the highest of the available approaches for diabetes prediction.In addition,the statis-tical T-test proves the statistical significance of the proposed approach over other approaches.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is paucity of data on outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis(ASUC)in older adults(≥60 years of age).AIM To assess steroid non-response rates during the index admission for ASUC in older adults.S...BACKGROUND There is paucity of data on outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis(ASUC)in older adults(≥60 years of age).AIM To assess steroid non-response rates during the index admission for ASUC in older adults.Secondary outcomes were response to medical rescue therapy and colectomy rates;at index admission,3 and 12 mo.METHODS This retrospective multicentre cohort study included ASUC admissions who received intravenous steroids between January 2013 and July 2020 at two tertiary hospitals.Electronic medical records were reviewed to collect clinical,biochemical,and endoscopic data.A modified Poisson regression model was used for analysis.RESULTS Of 226 ASUC episodes,45(19.9%)occurred in patients≥60 years of age.Steroid non-response rates were comparable in older adults and patients<60 years of age[19(42.2%)vs 85(47%),P=0.618],crude risk ratio(RR)=0.89[95%confidence interval(CI):0.61-1.30],adjusted RR=0.99(0.44-2.21).Rates of response to medical rescue therapy in older adults was comparable to the younger cohort[76.5%vs 85.7%,P=0.46,crude RR=0.89(0.67-1.17)].Index admission colectomy[13.3%vs 10.5%,P=0.598,crude RR=1.27(0.53-2.99),adjusted RR=1.43(0.34-6.06)],colectomy at 3 mo[20%vs 16.6%,P=0.66,crude RR=1.18(0.61-2.3),adjusted RR=1.31(0.32-0.53)]and colectomy at 12 mo[20%vs 23.2%,P=0.682,crude RR=0.85(0.45-1.57),adjusted RR=1.21(0.29-4.97)],were similar between the two groups.CONCLUSION In older adults with ASUC,the steroid non-response rate,response to medical rescue therapy,and colectomy rate at index admission,3 and 12 mo is similar to patients less than 60 years of age.展开更多
Fault localization is an important topic in software testing, as it enables the developer to specify fault location in their code. One of the dynamic fault localization techniques is statistical debugging. In this stu...Fault localization is an important topic in software testing, as it enables the developer to specify fault location in their code. One of the dynamic fault localization techniques is statistical debugging. In this study, two statistical debugging algorithms are implemented, SOBER and Cause Isolation, and then the experimental works are conducted on five programs coded using Python as an example of well-known dynamic programming language. Results showed that in programs that contain only single bug, the two studied statistical debugging algorithms are very effective to localize a bug. In programs that have more than one bug, SOBER algorithm has limitations related to nested predicates, rarely observed predicates and complement predicates. The Cause Isolation has limitations related to sorting predicates based on importance and detecting bugs in predicate condition. The accuracy of both SOBER and Cause Isolation is affected by the program size. Quality comparison showed that SOBER algorithm requires more code examination than Cause Isolation to discover the bugs.展开更多
基金supported by the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20130142120075)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:2016YXMS032)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0700702)
文摘Metal halide perovskites are crystalline materials originally developed out of scientific curiosity. They have shown great potential as active materials in optoelectronic applications. In the last 6 years, their certified photovoltaic efficiencies have reached 22.1%. Compared to bulk halide perovskites, low-dimensional ones exhibited novel physical properties. The photoluminescence quantum yields of perovskite quantum dots are close to 100%. The external quantum efficiencies and current efficiencies of perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes have reached 8% and 43 cd A^(-1),respectively, and their nanowire lasers show ultralow-threshold room-temperature lasing with emission tunability and ease of synthesis. Perovskite nanowire photodetectors reached a responsivity of 10 A W^(-1)and a specific normalized detectivity of the order of 10^(12 )Jones. Different from most reported reviews focusing on photovoltaic applications, we summarize the rapid progress in the study of low-dimensional perovskite materials, as well as their promising applications in optoelectronic devices. In particular, we review the wide tunability of fabrication methods and the state-of-the-art research outputs of low-dimensional perovskite optoelectronic devices. Finally, the anticipated challenges and potential for this exciting research are proposed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62104156,62074102)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515010805,2022A1515010979)China+1 种基金Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen(20200812000347001,20220808165025003)Chinasupported by open foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials,Guangxi University(Grant No.2022GXYSOF13)。
文摘Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is a promising candidate for photodetector applications boasting unique material benefits and remarkable optoelectronic properties.Achieving high-performance self-powered Sb_(2)Se_(3)photodetector through a synergistic regulation of absorber layer and heterojunction interface demonstrates great potential and needs essential investigation.In this study,an effective two-step thermodynamic/kinetic deposition technique containing sputtered and selenized Sb precursor is implemented to induce self-assembled growth of Sb_(2)Se_(3)light absorbing thin film with large crystal grains and desirable[hk1]orientation,presenting considerable thin-film photodetector performance.Furthermore,aluminum(Al^(3+))cation dopant is introduced to modify the optoelectronic properties of CdS buffer layer,and further optimize the Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS(Al)heterojunction interface quality.Thanks to the suppressed carrier recombination and enhanced carrier transport kinetics,the champion Mo/Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS(Al)/ITO/Ag photodetector exhibits self-powered and broadband characteristics,accompanied by simultaneously high responsivity of 0.9 A W^(-1)(at 11 nW cm^(-2)),linear dynamic range of 120 dB,impressive ON/OFF switching ratio over 10^(6)and signal-to-noise ratio of 10^(9),record total noise determined realistic detectivity of 4.78×10^(12)Jones,and ultra-fast response speed with rise/decay time of 24/75 ns,representing the top level for Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photodetectors.This intriguing work opens up an avenue for its selfpowered broadband photodetector applications.
文摘AIM To determine short-and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) using the stag beetle(SB) knife, a scissor-shaped device.METHODS Seventy consecutive patients with 96 early esophageal neoplasms, who underwent ESD using a SB knife at Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Japan, between April 2010 and August 2016, were retrospectively evaluated. Clinicopathological characteristics of lesions and procedural adverse events were assessed. Therapeutic success was evaluated on the basis of en bloc, histologically complete, and curative or non-curative resection rates. Overall and tumor-specific survival, local or distant recurrence, and 3-and 5-year cumulative overall metachronous cancer rates were also assessed.RESULTS Eligible patients had dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia(22%) or early cancers(squamous cell carcinoma, 78%). The median procedural time was 60 min and on average, the lesions measured 24 mm in diameter, yielding 33-mm tissue defects. The en bloc resection rate was 100%, with 95% and 81% of dissections deemed histologically complete and curative, respectively. All procedures were completed without accidental incisions/perforations or delayed bleeding. During follow-up(mean, 35 ± 23 mo), no local recurrences or metastases were observed. The 3-and 5-year survival rates were 83% and 70%, respectively, with corresponding rates of 85% and 75% for curative resections and 74% and 49% for noncurative resections. The 3-and 5-year cumulative rates of metachronous cancer in the patients with curative resections were 14% and 26%, respectively.CONCLUSION ESD procedures using the SB knife are feasible, safe, and effective for treating early esophageal neoplasms, yielding favorable short-and long-term outcomes.
文摘Two non-destructive analytical techniques (gamma spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer) were employed in the analysis of bauxite and rutile ore and their vicinity soil and control sourced within the Kanam and Wase mineral exploration sites. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K in the soil samples received from bauxite and rutile mineral mining vicinities revealed high concentrations of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K compared to the control soil samples sourced 500 m away from the mineral exploration vicinities. Radiological detriments RLI, AUI, Hin and Hex unveiled values exceeding the radiation standard concentration (>1) for soil. X-ray diffraction characterization of bauxite ore revealed the interlocking minerals of Bauxite (18)%, Albite (11)%, Garnet (15)%, Illite (6)% and Muscovite (43)% in various proportions obtained within the 2θ range (9.18 to 64.4) and a peak value (intensity, cps) of 3400. Pure bauxite percentage in the ore meets metallurgical grade (15 - 25)%. X-ray diffraction of rutile ore revealed the minerals of rutile (40)%, quartz (21.4)%, ilmenite (27)% and garnet (11.8)% found within the 2θ range (27.5 to 35.6) and a peak value intensity of 31.1 - 100.0 cps also meeting the metallurgical grade of 15% - 25%. The major environmental concern associated with the mineral-sands industry is the radiation hazards, pollution of ground-water sources from heavy metals, mineral transport with heavy equipment’s, dredging operations in fragile coastal area and clearing of vegetation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42205181)China Meteorological Administration Climate Change Special Program(CMA-CCSP)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(72091514)the Youth Innovation Team of China Meteorological Administration(CMA2023QN15).
文摘Communities play a crucial role in protecting the health of vulnerable populations such as the elderly,low-income groups,and high-risk individuals during cold spells.However,current strategies for responding to cold spells primarily consist of programmatic policies that lack practicality,specificity,and detailed implementation guidelines for community workers.Therefore,this study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by communities in responding to cold spells,review international experiences,and develop a set of practical checklists for community-level health protection.These checklists will assist community workers and volunteers in effectively preparing for,responding to,and recovering from cold spells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62104156,62074102)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515011256,2022A1515010979)China+1 种基金Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen(Grant Nos.20220808165025003,20200812000347001)Chinasupported by the open foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials,State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures,Guangxi University(Grant No.2022GXYSOF13)。
文摘Sb_(2)Se_(3) with unique one-dimensional(1D) crystal structure exhibits exceptional deformation tolerance,demonstrating great application potential in flexible devices.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) photovoltaic devices is temporarily limited by the complicated intrinsic defects and the undesirable contact interfaces.Herein,a high-quality Sb_(2)Se_(3) absorber layer with large crystal grains and benign [hkl] growth orientation can be first prepared on a Mo foil substrate.Then NaF intermediate layer is introduced between Mo and Sb_(2)Se_(3),which can further optimize the growth of Sb_(2)Se_(3)thin film.Moreover,positive Na ion diffusion enables it to dramatically lower barrier height at the back contact interface and passivate harmful defects at both bulk and heterojunction.As a result,the champion substrate structured Mo-foil/Mo/NaF/Sb_(2)Se_(3)/CdS/ITO/Ag flexible thin-film solar cell delivers an obviously higher efficiency of 8.03% and a record open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of 0.492 V.This flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device also exhibits excellent stability and flexibility to stand large bending radius and multiple bending times,as well as superior weak light photo-response with derived efficiency of 12.60%.This work presents an effective strategy to enhance the flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) device performance and expand its potential photovoltaic applications.
文摘Objective:The study assessed the quality of life(QoL)and coping strategies of patients on hemodialysis in selected hospitals in Ilorin,Kwara State.Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design using a quantitative strategy.A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select 80 participants.The data were collected using an adapted questionnaire including four sections:sociodemographic characteristics,hemodialysis stressor scale consisting of four stressors,Jaloweic Coping Scale consisting of eight coping strategies,and QoL consisting of four items.The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results:Findings from the study revealed that 50%of the participants were between the ages of 18 and 39 years,40%of the participants have been on hemodialysis for 1-2 years,whereas 52.5%had hypertension as a comorbidity.A total of 12.5%,63.8%,and 23.8%of the respondents were categorized as experiencing low,moderate,and high stress due to hemodialysis,respectively.QoL of the respondents revealed that 49.4%had no problem in self-care dimension.Average monthly income(χ^(2)=16.36,P=0.04)was observed to be significantly associated with coping strategies,whereas religion(χ^(2)=11.14,P=0.03)and frequency of hemodialysis(χ^(2)=10.26,P=0.04)were significantly associated with coping helpfulness.Conclusion:All participants experienced stress at varying degrees.Hemodialysis results in marked changes in the quality of patients’life,since it includes a number of modifications and restrictions,which affects patients’health functioning.This study revealed a wide range of information on the psychological and physiological stressors of people under hemodialysis.
文摘Background: Antenatal care is one of the strategies aimed at addressing maternal mortality as it facilitates the identification and avoid pregnancy related problems and save lives of mothers and babies. Purpose: This study aimed knowledge attitude and practice towards antenatal care among pregnant women attending for antenatal care in SOS Hospital, Hiliwa District, Benadir region, Somalia during the period of the study from April 2021-July 2021. Methodology: The study was descriptive cross-sectional, retrospective hospital based;a total of 60 of pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Data were collected through interview method using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was used Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 for analysis (SPSS). Results: The study discovered a total of 60 respondents have participated of which 45 (75%) had knowledge towards antenatal care, while the study found that the sources of antenatal care information was;23 (38%) from health care providers at health centers and 10 (17%) from husbands. Among the study respondents 48 (80%) have convenience and accepted the utilization of antenatal care and a total of 51 (85%) were seeking permission for antenatal care visit. Also study respondents about 35 (58%) utilized antenatal care visit during their previous pregnancies and 25 (42%) did not. About 22 (36%) were preferred mother and child health centers, 10 (16%) were preferred public hospitals and few proportion 2 (5%) were preferred private hospital for antenatal care visit respectively. Finally the study showed that, multigravida, gestational months, seeking permission and spouse accompany to the antenatal care visit and level of awareness significantly contributed to the utilization of ANC by pregnant women in this study. Significant difference was strongly observed (P = 0.000). Conclusion and Recommendations: In conclusion, there was good knowledge and positive attitude towards ANC despite poor antenatal care utilization, the study recommended;the federal ministry of heal
基金Financial support from the Higher Education Commission(HEC) Pakistan,under the International Research Support Initiative Program(IRSIP)
文摘Catalytic oxidative desulfurization(ODS) of model oil and commercial oil samples was investigated using an air-assisted performic acid oxidation system with a phase transfer or emulsion catalyst comprising a quaternary ammonium salt-based heteropolyoxometalate.Different emulsion catalysts with a Keggin type heteroployoxometalate anion(containing W,Mo,and V) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cation were prepared and characterized by X-ray fluorescence,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.[C16H33N(CH3)3]3[PW9Mo3O40] was the most effective catalyst in the current oxidation system,which reduced the sulfur content of the model oil from 1275 μg/g to 57 μg/g.The reactivity order of different model sulfur compounds was thiophene < dibenzothiophene < 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. The ODS of model sulfur compounds followed first order kinetics with apparent activation energy from 29 to 27 kJ/mol.The catalysts also performed efficiently in the ODS of the industrial oil samples,including untreated naphtha,light gas oil,heavy gas oil,and Athabasca oil sands derived bitumen,for which sulfur removal rates were 83%,85%,68% and 64%,respectively.
文摘With the increasing usage of drugs to remedy different diseases,drug safety has become crucial over the past few years.Often medicine from several companies is offered for a single disease that involves the same/similar substances with slightly different formulae.Such diversification is both helpful and danger-ous as such medicine proves to be more effective or shows side effects to different patients.Despite clinical trials,side effects are reported when the medicine is used by the mass public,of which several such experiences are shared on social media platforms.A system capable of analyzing such reviews could be very helpful to assist healthcare professionals and companies for evaluating the safety of drugs after it has been marketed.Sentiment analysis of drug reviews has a large poten-tial for providing valuable insights into these cases.Therefore,this study proposes an approach to perform analysis on the drug safety reviews using lexicon-based and deep learning techniques.A dataset acquired from the‘Drugs.Com’contain-ing reviews of drug-related side effects and reactions,is used for experiments.A lexicon-based approach,Textblob is used to extract the positive,negative or neu-tral sentiment from the review text.Review classification is achieved using a novel hybrid deep learning model of convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory(CNN-LSTM)network.The CNN is used at thefirst level to extract the appropriate features while LSTM is used at the second level.Several well-known machine learning models including logistic regression,random for-est,decision tree,and AdaBoost are evaluated using term frequency-inverse docu-ment frequency(TF-IDF),a bag of words(BoW),feature union of(TF-IDF+BoW),and lexicon-based methods.Performance analysis with machine learning models,long short term memory and convolutional neural network models,and state-of-the-art approaches indicate that the proposed CNN-LSTM model shows superior performance with an 0.96 accuracy.We also performed a statistical sig-nificance T-tes
文摘Speech signals play an essential role in communication and provide an efficient way to exchange information between humans and machines.Speech Emotion Recognition(SER)is one of the critical sources for human evaluation,which is applicable in many real-world applications such as healthcare,call centers,robotics,safety,and virtual reality.This work developed a novel TCN-based emotion recognition system using speech signals through a spatial-temporal convolution network to recognize the speaker’s emotional state.The authors designed a Temporal Convolutional Network(TCN)core block to recognize long-term dependencies in speech signals and then feed these temporal cues to a dense network to fuse the spatial features and recognize global information for final classification.The proposed network extracts valid sequential cues automatically from speech signals,which performed better than state-of-the-art(SOTA)and traditional machine learning algorithms.Results of the proposed method show a high recognition rate compared with SOTAmethods.The final unweighted accuracy of 80.84%,and 92.31%,for interactive emotional dyadic motion captures(IEMOCAP)and berlin emotional dataset(EMO-DB),indicate the robustness and efficiency of the designed model.
文摘A self-adaptive resource provisioning on demand is a critical factor in cloud computing.The selection of accurate amount of resources at run time is not easy due to dynamic nature of requests.Therefore,a self-adaptive strategy of resources is required to deal with dynamic nature of requests based on run time change in workload.In this paper we proposed a Cloud-based Adaptive Resource Scheduling Strategy(CARSS)Framework that formally addresses these issues and is more expressive than traditional approaches.The decision making in CARSS is based on more than one factors.TheMAPE-K based framework determines the state of the resources based on their current utilization.Timed-Arc Petri Net(TAPN)is used to model system formally and behaviour is expressed in TCTL,while TAPAAL model checker verifies the underline properties of the system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074102)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010979)+1 种基金the Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(2018KZDXM059)the Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen(20220808165025003)。
文摘Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is a potential photovoltaic(PV)material for next-generation solar cells and has achieved great development in the last several years.The properties of Sb_(2)Se_(3)absorber and back contact influence the PV performances of Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells.Hence,optimization of back contact characteristics and absorber orientation are crucial steps in raising the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells.In this work,MoO2was introduced as an intermediate layer(IL)in Sb_(2)Se_(3)solar cells,and comparative investigations were conducted.The growth of(211)-oriented Sb_(2)Se_(3)with large grains was facilitated by introducing the MoO2IL with suitable thickness.The MoO2IL substantially lowered the back contact barrier and prevented the formation of voids at the back contact,which reduced the thickness of the MoSe2interface layer,inhibited carrier recombination,and minimized bulk and interfacial defects in devices.Subsequently,significant optimization enhanced the open-circuit voltage(VOC)of solar cells from 0.481 V to 0.487 V,short-circuit current density(JSC)from 23.81 m A/cm^(2)to 29.29 m A/cm^(2),and fill factor from 50.28%to 57.10%,which boosted the PCE from 5.75%to 8.14%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62074102)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2020A1515010805)China+1 种基金the Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(No.2018KZDXM059)Chinathe Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen(20200812000347001,JCYJ20190808153409238)China。
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC) cells involved with semiconductor electrodes can simultaneously absorb solar energy and perform chemical reactions, which are considered as an attractive strategy to produce renewable and clean hydrogen energy. Sb_(2)Se_(3) has been widely investigated in constructing PEC photocathodes benefitting of its low toxicity, suitable band gap, superior optoelectronic properties, and outstanding photocorrosion stability. We first present a brief overview of basic concepts and principles of PEC water splitting as well as a comparison between Sb_(2)Se_(3) and other numerous candidates. Then the material characteristics and preparation methods of Sb_(2)Se_(3) are introduced. The development of Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photocathodes in PEC water splitting with various architectures and engineering efforts(i.e., absorber engineering, interfaces engineering, co-catalyst engineering and tandem engineering) to improve solar-to-hydrogen(STH) efficiency are highlighted. Finally, we debate the possible future directions to further explore the researching fields of Sb_(2)Se_(3)-based photocathodes with a strongly positive outlook in PEC processed solar hydrogen production.
基金This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2021R1I1A1A01055652).
文摘The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and security.Crowd counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of congested scenes for prompt reactionary actions.The crowd is always unexpected,and the benchmarked available datasets have a lot of variation,which limits the trained models’performance on unseen test data.In this paper,we proposed an end-to-end deep neural network that takes an input image and generates a density map of a crowd scene.The proposed model consists of encoder and decoder networks comprising batch-free normalization layers known as evolving normalization(EvoNorm).This allows our network to be generalized for unseen data because EvoNorm is not using statistics from the training samples.The decoder network uses dilated 2D convolutional layers to provide large receptive fields and fewer parameters,which enables real-time processing and solves the density drift problem due to its large receptive field.Five benchmark datasets are used in this study to assess the proposed model,resulting in the conclusion that it outperforms conventional models.
基金supported by the Florida Center for Advanced Analytics and Data Science funded by Ernesto.Net(under the Algorithms for Good Grant).
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is ranked among the top 10 causes of death by the world health organization.During the last few years,an alarming increase is observed worldwide with a 70%rise in the disease since 2000 and an 80%rise in male deaths.If untreated,it results in complications of many vital organs of the human body which may lead to fatality.Early detection of diabetes is a task of significant importance to start timely treatment.This study introduces a methodology for the classification of diabetic and normal people using an ensemble machine learning model and feature fusion of Chi-square and principal component analysis.An ensemble model,logistic tree classifier(LTC),is proposed which incorporates logistic regression and extra tree classifier through a soft voting mechanism.Experiments are also performed using several well-known machine learning algorithms to analyze their performance including logistic regression,extra tree classifier,AdaBoost,Gaussian naive Bayes,decision tree,random forest,and k nearest neighbor.In addition,several experiments are carried out using principal component analysis(PCA)and Chi-square(Chi-2)fea-tures to analyze the influence of feature selection on the performance of machine learning classifiers.Results indicate that Chi-2 features show high performance than both PCA features and original features.However,the highest accuracy is obtained when the proposed ensemble model LTC is used with the proposed fea-ture fusion framework-work which achieves a 0.85 accuracy score which is the highest of the available approaches for diabetes prediction.In addition,the statis-tical T-test proves the statistical significance of the proposed approach over other approaches.
文摘BACKGROUND There is paucity of data on outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis(ASUC)in older adults(≥60 years of age).AIM To assess steroid non-response rates during the index admission for ASUC in older adults.Secondary outcomes were response to medical rescue therapy and colectomy rates;at index admission,3 and 12 mo.METHODS This retrospective multicentre cohort study included ASUC admissions who received intravenous steroids between January 2013 and July 2020 at two tertiary hospitals.Electronic medical records were reviewed to collect clinical,biochemical,and endoscopic data.A modified Poisson regression model was used for analysis.RESULTS Of 226 ASUC episodes,45(19.9%)occurred in patients≥60 years of age.Steroid non-response rates were comparable in older adults and patients<60 years of age[19(42.2%)vs 85(47%),P=0.618],crude risk ratio(RR)=0.89[95%confidence interval(CI):0.61-1.30],adjusted RR=0.99(0.44-2.21).Rates of response to medical rescue therapy in older adults was comparable to the younger cohort[76.5%vs 85.7%,P=0.46,crude RR=0.89(0.67-1.17)].Index admission colectomy[13.3%vs 10.5%,P=0.598,crude RR=1.27(0.53-2.99),adjusted RR=1.43(0.34-6.06)],colectomy at 3 mo[20%vs 16.6%,P=0.66,crude RR=1.18(0.61-2.3),adjusted RR=1.31(0.32-0.53)]and colectomy at 12 mo[20%vs 23.2%,P=0.682,crude RR=0.85(0.45-1.57),adjusted RR=1.21(0.29-4.97)],were similar between the two groups.CONCLUSION In older adults with ASUC,the steroid non-response rate,response to medical rescue therapy,and colectomy rate at index admission,3 and 12 mo is similar to patients less than 60 years of age.
文摘Fault localization is an important topic in software testing, as it enables the developer to specify fault location in their code. One of the dynamic fault localization techniques is statistical debugging. In this study, two statistical debugging algorithms are implemented, SOBER and Cause Isolation, and then the experimental works are conducted on five programs coded using Python as an example of well-known dynamic programming language. Results showed that in programs that contain only single bug, the two studied statistical debugging algorithms are very effective to localize a bug. In programs that have more than one bug, SOBER algorithm has limitations related to nested predicates, rarely observed predicates and complement predicates. The Cause Isolation has limitations related to sorting predicates based on importance and detecting bugs in predicate condition. The accuracy of both SOBER and Cause Isolation is affected by the program size. Quality comparison showed that SOBER algorithm requires more code examination than Cause Isolation to discover the bugs.
