Postprandial glucose level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease that exerts effects greater than glucose levels at fasting state, whereas increase in serum triglyceride level, under both fasting an...Postprandial glucose level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease that exerts effects greater than glucose levels at fasting state, whereas increase in serum triglyceride level, under both fasting and postprandial conditions, contributes to the development of arteriosclerosis. Insulin resistance is a prevailing cause of abnormalities in postabsorptive excursion of blood glucose and postprandial lipid profile. Excess fat deposition renders a vicious cycle of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in the postprandial state, and both of which are contributors to atherosclerotic change of vessels especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several therapeutic approaches for ameliorating each of these abnormalities have been attempted, including various antidiabetic agents or new compounds targeting lipid metabolism.展开更多
AIM: To assess the effects of sitagliptin and nateglinide on lipid metabolism. METHODS: In a parallel group comparative open trial, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under treatment at the Japanese Red Cross Medi...AIM: To assess the effects of sitagliptin and nateglinide on lipid metabolism. METHODS: In a parallel group comparative open trial, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under treatment at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center were randomly assigned to receive either sitagliptin (50 mg once daily) or nateglinide (90 mg three times daily before meals). Eligible patients met the following criteria: age ≥ 20 years; hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) > 6.5% despite diet and exercise; HbA 1c between 6.5% and 8.0%; fasting glucose < 7.77 mmol/L; diet and exercise therapy for more than 3 mo; and ability to read and understand the information for written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were contraindications to sitagliptin, contraindications to nateglinide, pregnancy or possible pregnancy, and severe liver/renal failure. Patients who were considered to be unsuitable by the attending physician for other reasons were also excluded. Blood samples were collected at one and three hours after intake of a test meal. The primary outcome measure was the area under the curve (AUC) of apolipoprotein (Apo) B48 at three hours postprandially. RESULTS: Twenty patients were randomly assigned to the sitagliptin group and sixteen patients were randomized to the nateglinide group. All 36 patients took the medication as directed by the physician in both groups, and they all were analyzed. Apart from antidiabetic drugs, there was no difference between the two groups with respect to the frequency of combined use of lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and/or antiplatelet drugs. The doses of these medications were maintained during 12 wk of treatment. Detailed dietary advice, together with adequate exercise therapy, was given to the patients so that other factors apart from the two test drugs were similar in the two groups. There were no significant differences of the baseline characteristics between the two groups, except for body mass index (the sitagliptin group: 25.14 ± 3.05 kg/m 2 ; the nateglinide group: 21.39 ± 2.24 kg/m 2 ). Fasting leve展开更多
The Green and Sustainable Chemistry Network （GSCN） has been promoting GSC technology development since 2000 in three major activities, holding the GSC symposium, running the GSC Awards, and providing the information...The Green and Sustainable Chemistry Network （GSCN） has been promoting GSC technology development since 2000 in three major activities, holding the GSC symposium, running the GSC Awards, and providing the information related to GSC in Japan. GSCN holds a vision to expand the philosophy of GSC not only to the domestic, but also to the global. As for a regional network in Asia and Oceania, we established the Asia-Oceania GSC Network, and we hope to expand the Network to all countries.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain one of the most common malignancies and are the major cause of cancer deaths worldwide.Signifi cant advancements have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis and pathology of ...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain one of the most common malignancies and are the major cause of cancer deaths worldwide.Signifi cant advancements have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis and pathology of GI cancers,but high mortality rates,an unfavorable prognosis,and lack of clinical predictive biomarkers provide an impetus to investigate novel diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GI cancers.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are short(19-24 nucleotides),non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level,thus playing an important role in modulating various biological processes.This includes developmental processes,proliferation,apoptosis,metabolism and differentiation,all involved in initiation and progression of various human cancers.Aberrant miRNA expression profi les have been observed in various cancer types at different stages,suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Due to their tumor-and tissue-specific expression profiles,stability,and the availability of robust clinical assays for their detection in serum as well as in formalin-fi xed tissue samples,miRNAs have emerged as attractive candidates for diagnostic and prognostic applications.This review summarizes recent research supporting the utility of miRNAs as novel diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapeutic targets,thus potentially illuminating future treatment strategies for GI cancers.展开更多
In this study, a crack initiation and propagation behavior of Sn-5Sb lead-free solder under low-cycle fatigue is discussed. Cyclic push-pull loading tests with a single-hole specimen have been conducted at 313 K to in...In this study, a crack initiation and propagation behavior of Sn-5Sb lead-free solder under low-cycle fatigue is discussed. Cyclic push-pull loading tests with a single-hole specimen have been conducted at 313 K to investigate the crack initiation and propagation behavior of Sn-SSb solder which has a higher melting point temperature than that of Sn- Ag-Cu solders. A fatigue life ratio correlates with the crack length within a small scatter. Crack initiates at the early stage, and almost all the life period is crack propagation process independent of strain range and strain rate. The crack propa- gation rate depends on the strain range and the strain rate. The adaptation of J-integral value for Sn-5Sb solder is also discussed. J-integral value is a suitable parameter for crack propagation rate evaluation.展开更多
The total synthesis of curvularin-type macrolides 12-oxocurvularin (1) and citreofuran (2) has been described. And the, stereostructures of the two macrolides are unambiguously confirmed by this synthesis.
The authors have designed and synthesized new chiral salen-type metal （M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn） complexes （1-5） for new conceptual dyes （co-sensitizer or colorful multi-dyes） of DSSCs （dye-sensitized solar cells...The authors have designed and synthesized new chiral salen-type metal （M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn） complexes （1-5） for new conceptual dyes （co-sensitizer or colorful multi-dyes） of DSSCs （dye-sensitized solar cells）. The authors measured substituent effects on their absorption spectra and redox properties, and compared them with TD-DFT （time-dependent density functional theory） calculations. Electron withdrawing groups resulted in red-shift of ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） spectra. For the first time, the authors also proposed and confirmed the importance of substituent effects on their electric transition dipole moments, calculated by TD-DFT for designing dyes. Chemisorption for TiO2 of the complex by carboxyl groups was confirmed by XPS measurement. In view of electronic properties, all compounds have the possibility to be dyes of DSSCs.展开更多
Workflow management systems are being introduced in many organizations to automate the business process. The initial emphasis of introducing a workflow management system is on its application to the workflow in a give...Workflow management systems are being introduced in many organizations to automate the business process. The initial emphasis of introducing a workflow management system is on its application to the workflow in a given organization. The next step is to interconnect the workflow across organizations. We call it interworkflow, and the total support technologies, which are necessary for its realization, interworkflow management mechanism. Interworkflow is being expected as a supporting mechanism for Business to Business Electronic Commerce. We had proposed this management mechanism and confirmed its realization with the prototype. At the same time, the interface and the protocol for interconnecting heterogeneous workflow management systems has been standardized by the WfMC. So, we advance the project of the implementation of interworkflow management system for the practical use and its experimental proof.展开更多
Prevalent diabetes is at high risk for cardiovascular diseases and has a high familial inheritance. However, little is known whether a non-diabetic subject with a family history of diabetes is at high risk for vascula...Prevalent diabetes is at high risk for cardiovascular diseases and has a high familial inheritance. However, little is known whether a non-diabetic subject with a family history of diabetes is at high risk for vascular damage or not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population. We analyzed eligible 787 non-diabetic subjects (502 men and 285 women) aged 35-69 years who enrolled in the baseline survey of a cohort study in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan and who underwent a brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) measurement. Information on individual life-style characteristics including medical history and treatment for diseases and a first-degree family history of diabetes was obtained through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and ba-PWV. We found no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted means of ba-PWVs between subjects of both sexes with and without a family history of diabetes. Logistic regression analyses including both sexes also revealed that subjects with a family history of diabetes showed no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for high ba-PWV compared to those without that trait. Our results suggest that a family history of diabetes itself is not associated with arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population.展开更多
文摘Postprandial glucose level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease that exerts effects greater than glucose levels at fasting state, whereas increase in serum triglyceride level, under both fasting and postprandial conditions, contributes to the development of arteriosclerosis. Insulin resistance is a prevailing cause of abnormalities in postabsorptive excursion of blood glucose and postprandial lipid profile. Excess fat deposition renders a vicious cycle of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in the postprandial state, and both of which are contributors to atherosclerotic change of vessels especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several therapeutic approaches for ameliorating each of these abnormalities have been attempted, including various antidiabetic agents or new compounds targeting lipid metabolism.
文摘AIM: To assess the effects of sitagliptin and nateglinide on lipid metabolism. METHODS: In a parallel group comparative open trial, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under treatment at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center were randomly assigned to receive either sitagliptin (50 mg once daily) or nateglinide (90 mg three times daily before meals). Eligible patients met the following criteria: age ≥ 20 years; hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) > 6.5% despite diet and exercise; HbA 1c between 6.5% and 8.0%; fasting glucose < 7.77 mmol/L; diet and exercise therapy for more than 3 mo; and ability to read and understand the information for written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were contraindications to sitagliptin, contraindications to nateglinide, pregnancy or possible pregnancy, and severe liver/renal failure. Patients who were considered to be unsuitable by the attending physician for other reasons were also excluded. Blood samples were collected at one and three hours after intake of a test meal. The primary outcome measure was the area under the curve (AUC) of apolipoprotein (Apo) B48 at three hours postprandially. RESULTS: Twenty patients were randomly assigned to the sitagliptin group and sixteen patients were randomized to the nateglinide group. All 36 patients took the medication as directed by the physician in both groups, and they all were analyzed. Apart from antidiabetic drugs, there was no difference between the two groups with respect to the frequency of combined use of lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and/or antiplatelet drugs. The doses of these medications were maintained during 12 wk of treatment. Detailed dietary advice, together with adequate exercise therapy, was given to the patients so that other factors apart from the two test drugs were similar in the two groups. There were no significant differences of the baseline characteristics between the two groups, except for body mass index (the sitagliptin group: 25.14 ± 3.05 kg/m 2 ; the nateglinide group: 21.39 ± 2.24 kg/m 2 ). Fasting leve
文摘The Green and Sustainable Chemistry Network （GSCN） has been promoting GSC technology development since 2000 in three major activities, holding the GSC symposium, running the GSC Awards, and providing the information related to GSC in Japan. GSCN holds a vision to expand the philosophy of GSC not only to the domestic, but also to the global. As for a regional network in Asia and Oceania, we established the Asia-Oceania GSC Network, and we hope to expand the Network to all countries.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain one of the most common malignancies and are the major cause of cancer deaths worldwide.Signifi cant advancements have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis and pathology of GI cancers,but high mortality rates,an unfavorable prognosis,and lack of clinical predictive biomarkers provide an impetus to investigate novel diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GI cancers.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are short(19-24 nucleotides),non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level,thus playing an important role in modulating various biological processes.This includes developmental processes,proliferation,apoptosis,metabolism and differentiation,all involved in initiation and progression of various human cancers.Aberrant miRNA expression profi les have been observed in various cancer types at different stages,suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Due to their tumor-and tissue-specific expression profiles,stability,and the availability of robust clinical assays for their detection in serum as well as in formalin-fi xed tissue samples,miRNAs have emerged as attractive candidates for diagnostic and prognostic applications.This review summarizes recent research supporting the utility of miRNAs as novel diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapeutic targets,thus potentially illuminating future treatment strategies for GI cancers.
文摘In this study, a crack initiation and propagation behavior of Sn-5Sb lead-free solder under low-cycle fatigue is discussed. Cyclic push-pull loading tests with a single-hole specimen have been conducted at 313 K to investigate the crack initiation and propagation behavior of Sn-SSb solder which has a higher melting point temperature than that of Sn- Ag-Cu solders. A fatigue life ratio correlates with the crack length within a small scatter. Crack initiates at the early stage, and almost all the life period is crack propagation process independent of strain range and strain rate. The crack propa- gation rate depends on the strain range and the strain rate. The adaptation of J-integral value for Sn-5Sb solder is also discussed. J-integral value is a suitable parameter for crack propagation rate evaluation.
文摘The total synthesis of curvularin-type macrolides 12-oxocurvularin (1) and citreofuran (2) has been described. And the, stereostructures of the two macrolides are unambiguously confirmed by this synthesis.
文摘The authors have designed and synthesized new chiral salen-type metal （M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn） complexes （1-5） for new conceptual dyes （co-sensitizer or colorful multi-dyes） of DSSCs （dye-sensitized solar cells）. The authors measured substituent effects on their absorption spectra and redox properties, and compared them with TD-DFT （time-dependent density functional theory） calculations. Electron withdrawing groups resulted in red-shift of ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） spectra. For the first time, the authors also proposed and confirmed the importance of substituent effects on their electric transition dipole moments, calculated by TD-DFT for designing dyes. Chemisorption for TiO2 of the complex by carboxyl groups was confirmed by XPS measurement. In view of electronic properties, all compounds have the possibility to be dyes of DSSCs.
文摘Workflow management systems are being introduced in many organizations to automate the business process. The initial emphasis of introducing a workflow management system is on its application to the workflow in a given organization. The next step is to interconnect the workflow across organizations. We call it interworkflow, and the total support technologies, which are necessary for its realization, interworkflow management mechanism. Interworkflow is being expected as a supporting mechanism for Business to Business Electronic Commerce. We had proposed this management mechanism and confirmed its realization with the prototype. At the same time, the interface and the protocol for interconnecting heterogeneous workflow management systems has been standardized by the WfMC. So, we advance the project of the implementation of interworkflow management system for the practical use and its experimental proof.
文摘Prevalent diabetes is at high risk for cardiovascular diseases and has a high familial inheritance. However, little is known whether a non-diabetic subject with a family history of diabetes is at high risk for vascular damage or not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population. We analyzed eligible 787 non-diabetic subjects (502 men and 285 women) aged 35-69 years who enrolled in the baseline survey of a cohort study in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan and who underwent a brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) measurement. Information on individual life-style characteristics including medical history and treatment for diseases and a first-degree family history of diabetes was obtained through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and ba-PWV. We found no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted means of ba-PWVs between subjects of both sexes with and without a family history of diabetes. Logistic regression analyses including both sexes also revealed that subjects with a family history of diabetes showed no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for high ba-PWV compared to those without that trait. Our results suggest that a family history of diabetes itself is not associated with arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population.
