Same-beam VLBI means that two spacecrafts with small separation angles that transmit multi-frequency signals specially designed are observed simultaneously through the main beam of receiving antennas. In same-beam VLB...Same-beam VLBI means that two spacecrafts with small separation angles that transmit multi-frequency signals specially designed are observed simultaneously through the main beam of receiving antennas. In same-beam VLBI,the differential phase delay between the two spacecrafts and the two receiving antennas can be obtained within a small error of several picoseconds. As a successful application,the short-arc orbit determination of several hours for Rstar and Vstar,which are two small sub-spacecrafts of SELENE,has been much improved by using the same-beam VLBI data together with the Doppler and range data. The long-arc orbit determination of several days has also been accomplished within an error of about 10 m with the same-beam VLBI data incorporated. These results show the value of the same-beam VLBI for the orbit determination of multi-spacecrafts. This paper introduces the same-beam VLBI and Doppler observations of SELENE and the orbit determination results. In addition,this paper introduces how to use the same-beam VLBI for a lunar sample-return mission,which usually consists of an orbiter,a lander and a return unit. The paper also offers the design for the onboard radio sources in the lunar sample-return mission,and introduces applications of S-band multi-frequency same-beam VLBI in lunar gravity exploration and applications during all stages in the position/orbit determinations such as orbiting,landing,sampling,ascending,and docking.展开更多
Metabolomics is defined as the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification.It is an"omics"technique that...Metabolomics is defined as the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification.It is an"omics"technique that is situated downstream of genomics,transcriptomics and proteomics.Metabolomics is recognized as a promising technique in the field of systems biology for the evaluation of global metabolic changes.During the last decade,metabolomics approaches have become widely used in the study of liver diseases for the detection of early biomarkers and altered metabolic pathways.It is a powerful technique to improve our pathophysiological knowledge of various liver diseases.It can be a useful tool to help clinicians in the diagnostic process especially to distinguish malignant and non-malignant liver disease as well as to determine the etiology or severity of the liver disease.It can also assess therapeutic response or predict drug induced liver injury.Nevertheless,the usefulness of metabolomics is often not understood by clinicians,especially the concept of metabolomics profiling or fingerprinting.In the present work,after a concise description of the different techniques and processes used in metabolomics,we will review the main research on this subject by focusing specifically on in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy based metabolomics approaches in human studies.We will first consider the clinical point of view enlighten physicians on this new approach and emphasis its future use in clinical"routine".展开更多
Human milk is considered to be the optimal source of infant nutrition. Some of the benefits of breastfeeding have been ascribed to human milk oligosaccharides(HMO). For instance, HMO can affect faecal characteristics ...Human milk is considered to be the optimal source of infant nutrition. Some of the benefits of breastfeeding have been ascribed to human milk oligosaccharides(HMO). For instance, HMO can affect faecal characteristics such as stool consistency and stool frequency. Such effects on stool characteristics can be beneficial for young infants as hard stools and even constipation is common in that age group. Prebiotics in infant milk formulas have been introduced to exert similar functionalities. A specific mixture of prebiotics consists of a combination of short chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides(scGOS/lcFOS) in a ratio of 9:1. This specific mixture has been developed to closely resemble the molecular size composition of HMO. Many studies have been done with scGOS/lcFOS, and indicators for digestive comfort have often been included as secondary outcomes. This review summarizes the effects of scGOS/lcFOS(9:1) on stool consistency,stool frequency and transit time in healthy term and preterm infants. In several of the studies with scGOS/lcFOS in a ratio of 9:1 in infant milk formulas, positive effects of this mixture on stool characteristics such as stool consistency and stool frequency were observed. As stool consistency was shown to be correlated to whole gut transit time, scGOS/lcFOS can be hypothesised to have a role in reducing the risk of constipation.展开更多
Looking forward includes looking back every now and then.In 2007,David Weller looked back at 30 years of biocontrol of soil-borne pathogens by Pseudomonas and signified that the progress made over decades of research ...Looking forward includes looking back every now and then.In 2007,David Weller looked back at 30 years of biocontrol of soil-borne pathogens by Pseudomonas and signified that the progress made over decades of research has provided a firm foundation to formulate current and future research questions.It has been recognized for more than a century that soil-borne microbes play a significant role in plant growth and health.The recent application of high-throughput omics technologies has enabled detailed dissection of the microbial players and molecular mechanisms involved in the complex interactions in plant-associated microbiomes.Here,we highlight old and emerging plant microbiome concepts related to plant disease control,and address perspectives that modern and emerging microbiomics technologies can bring to functionally characterize and exploit plant-associated microbiomes for the benefit of plant health in future microbiome-assisted agriculture.展开更多
Background:Long-term overgrazing has led to severe degradation of grasslands,posing a significant threat to the sustainable use of grassland resources.Methods:Based on the investigation of changes in functional traits ...Background:Long-term overgrazing has led to severe degradation of grasslands,posing a significant threat to the sustainable use of grassland resources.Methods:Based on the investigation of changes in functional traits and photosynthetic physiology of Stipa breviflora under no grazing,moderate grazing,and heavy grazing treatments,the changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins associated with different grazing intensities were assessed through integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.Results:Differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified under different grazing intensities.They were mainly related to RNA processing,carbon metabolism,and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.Thesefindings suggest that long-term grazing leads to molecular phenotypic plasticity,affecting various biological processes and metabolic pathways in S.breviflora.Correlation analysis revealed low correlation between the transcriptome and the proteome,indicating a large-scale regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional and translational levels during the response of S.breviflora to grazing.The expression profiles of key genes and proteins involved in photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways suggested their synergistic response to grazing in S.breviflora.Conclusions:Our study provides insight into the adaptation mechanisms of S.breviflora to grazing and provides a scientific basis for the development of more efficient grassland protection and utilization practices.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)is known to cause 2 types of foodborne diseases;the diarrheal and emetic syndromes.They are largely underreported due to their usually self-limiting course.Rare and sometimes fatal ...BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)is known to cause 2 types of foodborne diseases;the diarrheal and emetic syndromes.They are largely underreported due to their usually self-limiting course.Rare and sometimes fatal cases of liver failure,pulmonary hemorrhage and cerebral oedema have been reported mainly in children and young adults.We present here a case of liver failure associated with B.cereus food poisoning in a middle-aged patient.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department for emesis,diarrhea,chills without fever,asthenia and diffuse abdominal cramps that started less than 30 minutes after eating a rice salad.Her past medical history was relevant for cholecystectomy and a cured Hashimoto’s disease.She did not take any medication,drugs and declared a consumption of one glass of wine per week.In the emergency department,she was treated with acetaminophen,metoclopramide,ondansetron,and an intravenous normal saline infusion.Blood gas analysis revealed a metabolic acidosis with hyperlactatemia,coagulation revealed a low prothrombin activity[32%;normal values(N):70-140]and a low Factor V activity(15%;N:>70).Transaminases were elevated with hyperbilirubinemia,elevated lipase and rhabdomyolysis.N-acetylcysteine treatment was introduced.Abdominal echography revealed no signs of chronic hepatopathy or hepatomegaly.Day after the admission,psychomotor activity improved,transaminases and lipase started decreasing.Rhabdomyolysis gradually worsened to peak on day 3.Screening tests for liver disease were negative for viral and autoimmune cause of liver failure.Stools cultures were positive for colonies of the B.cereus group which were also identified in the rice salad samples processed whereas blood cultures were negative.The patient’s condition improved gradually including her liver function parameters and psychomotor activity which allowed her discharged home on day 9.CONCLUSION We describe a rare case of hepatocellular dysfunction due to a foodborne B.cereus intoxication in an ad展开更多
Intestinal health is critically important for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and thus is a key factor in determining performance.Intestinal health issues are very common in high performing poultry lines due...Intestinal health is critically important for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and thus is a key factor in determining performance.Intestinal health issues are very common in high performing poultry lines due to the high feed intake,which puts pressure on the physiology of the digestive system.Excess nutrients which are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine may trigger dysbiosis,i.e.a shift in the microbiota composition in the intestinal tract.Dysbiosis as well as other stressors elicit an inflammatory response and loss of integrity of the tight junctions between the epithelial cells,leading to gut leakage.In this paper,key factors determining intestinal health and the most important nutritional tools which are available to support intestinal health are reviewed.展开更多
Biflavonoids are divided in two classes:C-C type compounds represented by the dimeric compound amentoflavone and C-O-C-type compounds typified by hinokiflavone(HNK)with an ether linkage between the two connected apige...Biflavonoids are divided in two classes:C-C type compounds represented by the dimeric compound amentoflavone and C-O-C-type compounds typified by hinokiflavone(HNK)with an ether linkage between the two connected apigenin units.This later sub-group of bisflavonyl ethers includes HNK,ochnaflavone,delicaflavone and a few other dimeric compounds,found in a variety of plants,notably Selaginella species.A comprehensive review of the anticancer properties and mechanism of action of HNK is provided,to highlight the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities of HNK and derivatives,and HNK-containing plant extracts.The anticancer effects rely on the capacity of HNK to interfere with the ERK1-2/p38/NFκB signaling pathway and the regulation of the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9(with a potential direct binding to MMP-9).In addition,HNK was found to function as a potent modulator of pre-mRNA splicing,inhibit-ing the SUMO-specific protease SENP1.As such,HNK represents a rare SENP1 inhibitor of natural origin and a scaffold to design synthetic compounds.Oral formulations of HNK have been elaborated to enhance its solubility,to facilitate the compound delivery and to enhance its anticancer efficacy.The review shed light on the anticancer potential of C-O-C-type biflavonoids and specifically on the pharmacological profile of HNK.This compound deserves further attention as a regu-lator of pre-mRNA splicing,useful to treat cancers(in particular hepatocellular carcinoma)and other human pathologies.展开更多
We report and analyze observational evidence of global kink oscillations in a solar filament as observed in Ha by instruments administered by National Solar Observatory （NSO）/Global Oscillation Network Group （GONG...We report and analyze observational evidence of global kink oscillations in a solar filament as observed in Ha by instruments administered by National Solar Observatory （NSO）/Global Oscillation Network Group （GONG）. An M1.1-class flare in active region （AR） 11692 occurred on 2013 March 15 and induced a global kink mode in the filament lying towards the southwest of AR 11692. We find periods of about 61-67 minutes and damping times of 92-117 minutes at positions of three ver- tical slices chosen in and around the filament apex. We find that the waves are damped. From the observed period of the global kink mode and damping timescale using the theory of resonant absorption, we perform prominence seismology. We estimate a lower cut-off value for the inhomogeneity length scale to be around 0.34-0.44 times the radius of the filament cross-section.展开更多
AIM To explore the relationship between collagen proportionate area(CPA) and portal hypertension-related clinical manifestations in alcoholic liver disease(ALD).METHODS Retrospective study with chart review of patient...AIM To explore the relationship between collagen proportionate area(CPA) and portal hypertension-related clinical manifestations in alcoholic liver disease(ALD).METHODS Retrospective study with chart review of patients with ALD adressed to our center between January 2012 and December 2013 for a transjugular liver biopsy(TJLB) and hepatic hemodynamic study. Patients were included if they met the following criteria:(1) Medical indication for a liver biopsy in the setting of ALD;(2) recent(< 15 d) clinical, radiological, endoscopic and biological data available; and(3) estimated follow-up of at least 6 mo. Liver tissue from cirrhotic subjects obtained from transjugular liver biopsies was stained with Picro Sirius red and computer-assisted digital image analysis to determine fibrosis density using CPA was performed. RESULTS We included 61 patients with alcoholic ALD, subdivided in 41 active alcohol drinkers and 20 durably abstinent patients. Nine healthy liver donors served as controls. Mean CPA in patients with ALD was 7.1%, with no difference between active drinkers and abstinent patients(P = 0.17). Using a fibrosis density cutoff of 5%, we observed a positive correlation between high fibrosis density and the hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG) only in active drinkers(P = 0.02). At 12-mo of follow-up, in the group of active alcohol drinkers, patients reaching a composite outcome showed a higher HVPG value as compared to those who did not(18.5 mm Hg vs 14.5 mm Hg P < 0.04) whereas CPA values were similar(6.9% vs 11%, P = 0.23).CONCLUSION In active alcoholic ALD, CPA correlates to portal pressure but only HVPG predicts clinical events, pointing to the role of alcohol as a modulator of portal hypertension.展开更多
Spermatogonial stem cell （SSC） transplantation is a promising technique to circumvent sterility in prepubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic treatments. While the cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells is being...Spermatogonial stem cell （SSC） transplantation is a promising technique to circumvent sterility in prepubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic treatments. While the cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells is being introduced in clinical practices worldwide, a lot of unanswered questions remain regarding their eventual transplantation. In this paper autologous and allogeneic SSC transplantations in the testes of sterilized macaques were performed and spermatogenesis could be restored from donor SSCs. The spermatozoa obtained were competent to fertilize oocytes. This report proves the feasability of SSC transplantation in a primate model, hence reinforcing the hope that this strategy will eventually find its way into clinical practice.展开更多
文摘Same-beam VLBI means that two spacecrafts with small separation angles that transmit multi-frequency signals specially designed are observed simultaneously through the main beam of receiving antennas. In same-beam VLBI,the differential phase delay between the two spacecrafts and the two receiving antennas can be obtained within a small error of several picoseconds. As a successful application,the short-arc orbit determination of several hours for Rstar and Vstar,which are two small sub-spacecrafts of SELENE,has been much improved by using the same-beam VLBI data together with the Doppler and range data. The long-arc orbit determination of several days has also been accomplished within an error of about 10 m with the same-beam VLBI data incorporated. These results show the value of the same-beam VLBI for the orbit determination of multi-spacecrafts. This paper introduces the same-beam VLBI and Doppler observations of SELENE and the orbit determination results. In addition,this paper introduces how to use the same-beam VLBI for a lunar sample-return mission,which usually consists of an orbiter,a lander and a return unit. The paper also offers the design for the onboard radio sources in the lunar sample-return mission,and introduces applications of S-band multi-frequency same-beam VLBI in lunar gravity exploration and applications during all stages in the position/orbit determinations such as orbiting,landing,sampling,ascending,and docking.
文摘Metabolomics is defined as the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification.It is an"omics"technique that is situated downstream of genomics,transcriptomics and proteomics.Metabolomics is recognized as a promising technique in the field of systems biology for the evaluation of global metabolic changes.During the last decade,metabolomics approaches have become widely used in the study of liver diseases for the detection of early biomarkers and altered metabolic pathways.It is a powerful technique to improve our pathophysiological knowledge of various liver diseases.It can be a useful tool to help clinicians in the diagnostic process especially to distinguish malignant and non-malignant liver disease as well as to determine the etiology or severity of the liver disease.It can also assess therapeutic response or predict drug induced liver injury.Nevertheless,the usefulness of metabolomics is often not understood by clinicians,especially the concept of metabolomics profiling or fingerprinting.In the present work,after a concise description of the different techniques and processes used in metabolomics,we will review the main research on this subject by focusing specifically on in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy based metabolomics approaches in human studies.We will first consider the clinical point of view enlighten physicians on this new approach and emphasis its future use in clinical"routine".
文摘Human milk is considered to be the optimal source of infant nutrition. Some of the benefits of breastfeeding have been ascribed to human milk oligosaccharides(HMO). For instance, HMO can affect faecal characteristics such as stool consistency and stool frequency. Such effects on stool characteristics can be beneficial for young infants as hard stools and even constipation is common in that age group. Prebiotics in infant milk formulas have been introduced to exert similar functionalities. A specific mixture of prebiotics consists of a combination of short chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides(scGOS/lcFOS) in a ratio of 9:1. This specific mixture has been developed to closely resemble the molecular size composition of HMO. Many studies have been done with scGOS/lcFOS, and indicators for digestive comfort have often been included as secondary outcomes. This review summarizes the effects of scGOS/lcFOS(9:1) on stool consistency,stool frequency and transit time in healthy term and preterm infants. In several of the studies with scGOS/lcFOS in a ratio of 9:1 in infant milk formulas, positive effects of this mixture on stool characteristics such as stool consistency and stool frequency were observed. As stool consistency was shown to be correlated to whole gut transit time, scGOS/lcFOS can be hypothesised to have a role in reducing the risk of constipation.
基金the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research(NWO)and partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs(Back2Roots grant 14219)NWO Gravity Program MiCRop:Harnessing the second genome of plants(grant 024.004.014).
文摘Looking forward includes looking back every now and then.In 2007,David Weller looked back at 30 years of biocontrol of soil-borne pathogens by Pseudomonas and signified that the progress made over decades of research has provided a firm foundation to formulate current and future research questions.It has been recognized for more than a century that soil-borne microbes play a significant role in plant growth and health.The recent application of high-throughput omics technologies has enabled detailed dissection of the microbial players and molecular mechanisms involved in the complex interactions in plant-associated microbiomes.Here,we highlight old and emerging plant microbiome concepts related to plant disease control,and address perspectives that modern and emerging microbiomics technologies can bring to functionally characterize and exploit plant-associated microbiomes for the benefit of plant health in future microbiome-assisted agriculture.
基金Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen,Grant/Award Number:HBC.2018.2222。
文摘Background:Long-term overgrazing has led to severe degradation of grasslands,posing a significant threat to the sustainable use of grassland resources.Methods:Based on the investigation of changes in functional traits and photosynthetic physiology of Stipa breviflora under no grazing,moderate grazing,and heavy grazing treatments,the changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins associated with different grazing intensities were assessed through integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.Results:Differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified under different grazing intensities.They were mainly related to RNA processing,carbon metabolism,and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.Thesefindings suggest that long-term grazing leads to molecular phenotypic plasticity,affecting various biological processes and metabolic pathways in S.breviflora.Correlation analysis revealed low correlation between the transcriptome and the proteome,indicating a large-scale regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional and translational levels during the response of S.breviflora to grazing.The expression profiles of key genes and proteins involved in photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways suggested their synergistic response to grazing in S.breviflora.Conclusions:Our study provides insight into the adaptation mechanisms of S.breviflora to grazing and provides a scientific basis for the development of more efficient grassland protection and utilization practices.
文摘BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)is known to cause 2 types of foodborne diseases;the diarrheal and emetic syndromes.They are largely underreported due to their usually self-limiting course.Rare and sometimes fatal cases of liver failure,pulmonary hemorrhage and cerebral oedema have been reported mainly in children and young adults.We present here a case of liver failure associated with B.cereus food poisoning in a middle-aged patient.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department for emesis,diarrhea,chills without fever,asthenia and diffuse abdominal cramps that started less than 30 minutes after eating a rice salad.Her past medical history was relevant for cholecystectomy and a cured Hashimoto’s disease.She did not take any medication,drugs and declared a consumption of one glass of wine per week.In the emergency department,she was treated with acetaminophen,metoclopramide,ondansetron,and an intravenous normal saline infusion.Blood gas analysis revealed a metabolic acidosis with hyperlactatemia,coagulation revealed a low prothrombin activity[32%;normal values(N):70-140]and a low Factor V activity(15%;N:>70).Transaminases were elevated with hyperbilirubinemia,elevated lipase and rhabdomyolysis.N-acetylcysteine treatment was introduced.Abdominal echography revealed no signs of chronic hepatopathy or hepatomegaly.Day after the admission,psychomotor activity improved,transaminases and lipase started decreasing.Rhabdomyolysis gradually worsened to peak on day 3.Screening tests for liver disease were negative for viral and autoimmune cause of liver failure.Stools cultures were positive for colonies of the B.cereus group which were also identified in the rice salad samples processed whereas blood cultures were negative.The patient’s condition improved gradually including her liver function parameters and psychomotor activity which allowed her discharged home on day 9.CONCLUSION We describe a rare case of hepatocellular dysfunction due to a foodborne B.cereus intoxication in an ad
基金Evy Goossens received a grant(PRIDIV2021001601)from Han-kija Oy,Hyvinkaa,Finland.Venessa Eeckhaut received a grant(D/01709/02)from Christian Hansen,Horsholm,Denmark.
文摘Intestinal health is critically important for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and thus is a key factor in determining performance.Intestinal health issues are very common in high performing poultry lines due to the high feed intake,which puts pressure on the physiology of the digestive system.Excess nutrients which are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine may trigger dysbiosis,i.e.a shift in the microbiota composition in the intestinal tract.Dysbiosis as well as other stressors elicit an inflammatory response and loss of integrity of the tight junctions between the epithelial cells,leading to gut leakage.In this paper,key factors determining intestinal health and the most important nutritional tools which are available to support intestinal health are reviewed.
基金This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors。
文摘Biflavonoids are divided in two classes:C-C type compounds represented by the dimeric compound amentoflavone and C-O-C-type compounds typified by hinokiflavone(HNK)with an ether linkage between the two connected apigenin units.This later sub-group of bisflavonyl ethers includes HNK,ochnaflavone,delicaflavone and a few other dimeric compounds,found in a variety of plants,notably Selaginella species.A comprehensive review of the anticancer properties and mechanism of action of HNK is provided,to highlight the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities of HNK and derivatives,and HNK-containing plant extracts.The anticancer effects rely on the capacity of HNK to interfere with the ERK1-2/p38/NFκB signaling pathway and the regulation of the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9(with a potential direct binding to MMP-9).In addition,HNK was found to function as a potent modulator of pre-mRNA splicing,inhibit-ing the SUMO-specific protease SENP1.As such,HNK represents a rare SENP1 inhibitor of natural origin and a scaffold to design synthetic compounds.Oral formulations of HNK have been elaborated to enhance its solubility,to facilitate the compound delivery and to enhance its anticancer efficacy.The review shed light on the anticancer potential of C-O-C-type biflavonoids and specifically on the pharmacological profile of HNK.This compound deserves further attention as a regu-lator of pre-mRNA splicing,useful to treat cancers(in particular hepatocellular carcinoma)and other human pathologies.
基金support from KU Leuven via GOA/2009-009support from the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office(IAP P7/08 Charm)+1 种基金supported by the Chinese foundations2011CB811402the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11025314,10933003 and 10673004)
文摘We report and analyze observational evidence of global kink oscillations in a solar filament as observed in Ha by instruments administered by National Solar Observatory （NSO）/Global Oscillation Network Group （GONG）. An M1.1-class flare in active region （AR） 11692 occurred on 2013 March 15 and induced a global kink mode in the filament lying towards the southwest of AR 11692. We find periods of about 61-67 minutes and damping times of 92-117 minutes at positions of three ver- tical slices chosen in and around the filament apex. We find that the waves are damped. From the observed period of the global kink mode and damping timescale using the theory of resonant absorption, we perform prominence seismology. We estimate a lower cut-off value for the inhomogeneity length scale to be around 0.34-0.44 times the radius of the filament cross-section.
文摘AIM To explore the relationship between collagen proportionate area(CPA) and portal hypertension-related clinical manifestations in alcoholic liver disease(ALD).METHODS Retrospective study with chart review of patients with ALD adressed to our center between January 2012 and December 2013 for a transjugular liver biopsy(TJLB) and hepatic hemodynamic study. Patients were included if they met the following criteria:(1) Medical indication for a liver biopsy in the setting of ALD;(2) recent(< 15 d) clinical, radiological, endoscopic and biological data available; and(3) estimated follow-up of at least 6 mo. Liver tissue from cirrhotic subjects obtained from transjugular liver biopsies was stained with Picro Sirius red and computer-assisted digital image analysis to determine fibrosis density using CPA was performed. RESULTS We included 61 patients with alcoholic ALD, subdivided in 41 active alcohol drinkers and 20 durably abstinent patients. Nine healthy liver donors served as controls. Mean CPA in patients with ALD was 7.1%, with no difference between active drinkers and abstinent patients(P = 0.17). Using a fibrosis density cutoff of 5%, we observed a positive correlation between high fibrosis density and the hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG) only in active drinkers(P = 0.02). At 12-mo of follow-up, in the group of active alcohol drinkers, patients reaching a composite outcome showed a higher HVPG value as compared to those who did not(18.5 mm Hg vs 14.5 mm Hg P < 0.04) whereas CPA values were similar(6.9% vs 11%, P = 0.23).CONCLUSION In active alcoholic ALD, CPA correlates to portal pressure but only HVPG predicts clinical events, pointing to the role of alcohol as a modulator of portal hypertension.
文摘Spermatogonial stem cell （SSC） transplantation is a promising technique to circumvent sterility in prepubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic treatments. While the cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells is being introduced in clinical practices worldwide, a lot of unanswered questions remain regarding their eventual transplantation. In this paper autologous and allogeneic SSC transplantations in the testes of sterilized macaques were performed and spermatogenesis could be restored from donor SSCs. The spermatozoa obtained were competent to fertilize oocytes. This report proves the feasability of SSC transplantation in a primate model, hence reinforcing the hope that this strategy will eventually find its way into clinical practice.
