Childhood visual impairment(VI) have a significant impact on the educational achievement, career choices and social life of affected individual, and in children, is mainly due to either preventable or treatable causes...Childhood visual impairment(VI) have a significant impact on the educational achievement, career choices and social life of affected individual, and in children, is mainly due to either preventable or treatable causes. Reliable data on the prevalence and causes of VI in children will guide the development of a systematic vision screening program for its early detection and successful treatment of possible causes. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the available data on prevalence and causes of VI in school-age children from various regions globally. A discussion on the major findings highlighting the definition criteria, classifications and limitations for further studies is also presented.展开更多
Breast cancer is a deadly disease and radiologists recommend mammography to detect it at the early stages. This paper presents two types of HanmanNets using the information set concept for the derivation of deep infor...Breast cancer is a deadly disease and radiologists recommend mammography to detect it at the early stages. This paper presents two types of HanmanNets using the information set concept for the derivation of deep information set features from ResNet by modifying its kernel functions to yield Type-1 HanmanNets and then AlexNet, GoogLeNet and VGG-16 by changing their feature maps to yield Type-2 HanmanNets. The two types of HanmanNets exploit the final feature maps of these architectures in the generation of deep information set features from mammograms for their classification using the Hanman Transform Classifier. In this work, the characteristics of the abnormality present in the mammograms are captured using the above network architectures that help derive the features of HanmanNets based on information set concept and their performance is compared via the classification accuracies. The highest accuracy of 100% is achieved for the multi-class classifications on the mini-MIAS database thus surpassing the results in the literature. Validation of the results is done by the expert radiologists to show their clinical relevance.展开更多
The choice of extrusion process is a decisive factor that affects the finished product quality for polybag manufacturing. One important component influencing the quality of the finished product is the selection of the...The choice of extrusion process is a decisive factor that affects the finished product quality for polybag manufacturing. One important component influencing the quality of the finished product is the selection of the extrusion technique. Two popular procedures that vary in the kind of dye used and the final product’s texture are cast film and blown film. In the horizontal extrusion moulding method known as “cast film”, heated resin is injected into a flat dye and allowed to cool on chill rolls. The film produced is clear, lightweight, and appropriate for lamination;its thickness varies based on the winding speed and the film is slower to crystallize and has less clarity but more durability because the resin molecules have reoriented, facing limitation of high wastage generation. This study primarily focused on the preparation of polybag film using the blown film extrusion process, utilizing high-quality polymer resins such as polyester polyethylene (PP) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to minimize waste generation. The novelty of the process was reflected in minimising the waste generation. The control parameters considered in this study are temperature, pressure, and air intake volume. We investigated the influence of these critical process control parameters on the gauge thickness, optical properties, and mechanical strength of the polybag film produced through blown film extrusion. Additionally, we replicated the blown film process using simulation software developed at Pennsylvania College of Technology. The simulation results confirmed the overall stability of the polybag film produced through the blown film extrusion process.展开更多
A mercury biosensor was constructed by integrating biosensor genetic elements into E. coli JM109 chromosome in a single copy number, using the attP/attB recombination mechanism of λ phage. The genetic elements used i...A mercury biosensor was constructed by integrating biosensor genetic elements into E. coli JM109 chromosome in a single copy number, using the attP/attB recombination mechanism of λ phage. The genetic elements used include a regulatory protein gene （merR） along with operator/promoter （O/P） derived from the mercury resistance operon from pDU1358 plasmid of Serratia marcescens. The expression of reporter gene gfp is also controlled by merR/O/P. Integration of the construct into the chromosome was done to increase the stability and precision of the biosensor. This biosensor could detect Hg（Ⅱ） ions in the concentration range of 100–1700 nmol/L, and manifest the result as the expression of GFP. The GFP expression was significantly different （P 0.05） for each concentration of inducing Hg（Ⅱ） ions in the detection range, which reduces the chances of misinterpretation of results. A model using regression method was also derived for the quantification of the concentration of Hg（Ⅱ） in water samples.展开更多
High birefringence with low confinement loss photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has significant advantages in the field of sensing, dispersion compensation devices, nonlinear applications, and polarization filter. In this r...High birefringence with low confinement loss photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has significant advantages in the field of sensing, dispersion compensation devices, nonlinear applications, and polarization filter. In this report, two different models of PCFs are presented and compared. Both the models contain five air holes rings with combination of circular and elliptical air holes arrangement. Moreover, the elliptical shaped air holes polarization and the third ring air holes rotational angle are varied. To examine different guiding characteristics, finite element method (FEM) with perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition is applied from 1.2 to 1.8 |im wavelength range. High birefringence, low confinement loss, high nonlinearity, and moderate disper-sion values are successfully achieved in both the PCFs models. Numeric analysis shows that model-1 gives higher birefringence (2.75 ×10^-2) and negative dispersion (-540.67 ps/(nm ·km)) at 1.55 |im wavelength. However, model-2 gives more small confinement loss than model-1 at the same wavelength. In addition, the proposed design demonstrates the variation of rotation angle has great impact to enhance guiding properties especially the birefringence.展开更多
Introduction:Nonmetric dental traits have a crucial role in ethnic classification of populations that help in forensic racial identification.Many studies have demonstrated the differences in the expression and frequen...Introduction:Nonmetric dental traits have a crucial role in ethnic classification of populations that help in forensic racial identification.Many studies have demonstrated the differences in the expression and frequency of dental traits between various ethnic groups for ancestry determination in the context of forensic dental anthropology.The present study is an attempt to assess the frequency and variation in nonmetric traits for establishing ethnicity in the Vidarbha subpopulation.Aim:The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and variation of nonmetric traits in permanent teeth for establishing ethnicity in the Vidarbha subpopulation.Materials and Methods:Participants of the Vidarbha subpopulation were selected by random sampling method.Molars,premolars,and incisors were evaluated for frequency of nonmetric traits,and variations were graded according to Dentoanthropological System of State University of Arizona criteria.Descriptive statistics,Chi-square test,and Student’s t-test were used for analysis of data.Results:The most common occlusal morphology in mandibular first and second molar was 5 cusp and 4 cusp,respectively,with the“+”groove pattern.Cusp 3 and cusp 4 were observed frequently in the maxillary molars.One lingual cusp was most commonly seen in mandibular premolars show while incisors showed faint shoveling.Conclusion:Our study concludes that nonmetric traits were present and showed variation in permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth among the Vidarbha subpopulation.Cusp 5 and Cusp 4 in first and second mandibular molars,respectively,groove pattern“+”and grade 1 protostylid were the most frequent grades observed in permanent mandibular molars.One lingual cusp was most commonly seen in mandibular premolars and faint shoveling was a notable feature in incisors of this population.展开更多
Network attack detection and mitigation require packet collection,pre-processing,feature analysis,classification,and post-processing.Models for these tasks sometimes become complex or inefficient when applied to real-...Network attack detection and mitigation require packet collection,pre-processing,feature analysis,classification,and post-processing.Models for these tasks sometimes become complex or inefficient when applied to real-time data samples.To mitigate hybrid assaults,this study designs an efficient forensic layer employing deep learning pattern analysis and multidomain feature extraction.In this paper,we provide a novel multidomain feature extraction method using Fourier,Z,Laplace,Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT),1D Haar Wavelet,Gabor,and Convolutional Operations.Evolutionary method dragon fly optimisation reduces feature dimensionality and improves feature selection accuracy.The selected features are fed into VGGNet and GoogLeNet models using binary cascaded neural networks to analyse network traffic patterns,detect anomalies,and warn network administrators.The suggested model tackles the inadequacies of existing approaches to hybrid threats,which are growing more common and challenge conventional security measures.Our model integrates multidomain feature extraction,deep learning pattern analysis,and the forensic layer to improve intrusion detection and prevention systems.In diverse attack scenarios,our technique has 3.5% higher accuracy,4.3% higher precision,8.5% higher recall,and 2.9% lower delay than previous models.展开更多
Alkali salts of tungsten based heteropoly acids with different central atom such as P, Si and Co were prepared and evaluated for transes- terification of both edible and non-edible oils to their corresponding fatty ac...Alkali salts of tungsten based heteropoly acids with different central atom such as P, Si and Co were prepared and evaluated for transes- terification of both edible and non-edible oils to their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. The catalyst of sodium salt of tungstic acid with Co as central atom （Na5CoW12O40） showed optimum activity towards transesterification compared with other heteropoly tungstates. The catalysts activities were correlated with the observed physico-chemical characteristics derived from FT-infrared （FT-IR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia （NH3-TPD） and carbon dioxide （CO2-TPD）. The Na5CoW12O40 catalyst exhibiting high activity even at 65 ℃ is due to the presence of strong acidic as well as basic sites. The disclosed catalyst is tolerable towards water and free fatty acids present in the oils. The influence of catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature is studied to optimize the reaction parameters.展开更多
In this present time,Human Activity Recognition(HAR)has been of considerable aid in the case of health monitoring and recovery.The exploitation of machine learning with an intelligent agent in the area of health infor...In this present time,Human Activity Recognition(HAR)has been of considerable aid in the case of health monitoring and recovery.The exploitation of machine learning with an intelligent agent in the area of health informatics gathered using HAR augments the decision-making quality and significance.Although many research works conducted on Smart Healthcare Monitoring,there remain a certain number of pitfalls such as time,overhead,and falsification involved during analysis.Therefore,this paper proposes a Statistical Partial Regression and Support Vector Intelligent Agent Learning(SPR-SVIAL)for Smart Healthcare Monitoring.At first,the Statistical Partial Regression Feature Extraction model is used for data preprocessing along with the dimensionality-reduced features extraction process.Here,the input dataset the continuous beat-to-beat heart data,triaxial accelerometer data,and psychological characteristics were acquired from IoT wearable devices.To attain highly accurate Smart Healthcare Monitoring with less time,Partial Least Square helps extract the dimensionality-reduced features.After that,with these resulting features,SVIAL is proposed for Smart Healthcare Monitoring with the help of Machine Learning and Intelligent Agents to minimize both analysis falsification and overhead.Experimental evaluation is carried out for factors such as time,overhead,and false positive rate accuracy concerning several instances.The quantitatively analyzed results indicate the better performance of our proposed SPR-SVIAL method when compared with two state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
Fetal hydrops can stem from immune or nonimmune causes.Immune causes often involve red cell alloimmunization,whereas nonimmune causes encompass structural malformations,aneuploidy,infections,lymphatic system disorders...Fetal hydrops can stem from immune or nonimmune causes.Immune causes often involve red cell alloimmunization,whereas nonimmune causes encompass structural malformations,aneuploidy,infections,lymphatic system disorders,genetic syndromes,and more.In a rare and complex case,we encountered a fetal hydrops presentation characterized by blended phenotypes,indicating both a genetic and an underlying immune etiology.The mother,Rhesus negative,presented with a history of adverse obstetric events.At 21 weeks,the current fetus was diagnosed with hydrops.Maternal blood tests unveiled Rhesus alloimmunization,featuring a positive indirect Coombs test at a 1:512 dilution and the presence of anti-D,anti-C,and anti-E antibodies.Fetal blood sampling revealed an O-positive blood group with a hemoglobin level of 10 gm/dL.Despite administering intrauterine transfusion to the fetus,there was no improvement;instead,the fetal hydrops worsened,accompanied by the emergence of nuchal and axillary masses.Exome sequencing of fetal DNA revealed the fetus was homozygous for a pathogenic variant in the SERPINA11 gene and compound heterozygous for a pathogenic variant in the PIEZO1 gene.Furthermore,the combination of pathogenic variants in SERPINA11 and PIEZO1 genes has not been described in cases of fetal hydrops before.This case posed significant challenges in management due to the concurrent presence of both immune and nonimmune hydrops.We describe some of the diagnostic challenges faced in clinical management of this case.展开更多
Five novel europium(Ⅲ)complexes with 2-[4-(dibutylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]benzoic acid(DAHB)as primary ligand and bathophenanthroline(batho),2,2’-bipyridyl(bipy),5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline(dmph),1,10-phenanthr...Five novel europium(Ⅲ)complexes with 2-[4-(dibutylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]benzoic acid(DAHB)as primary ligand and bathophenanthroline(batho),2,2’-bipyridyl(bipy),5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline(dmph),1,10-phenanthroline(phen)as ancillary ligands were syn-thesized via solution precipitation method.The structural formulae of synthesized complexes were speculated to be Eu(DABH)_(3)·2H_(2)O(C1),Eu(DABH)_(3)·batho(C2),Eu(DABH)_(3)·bipy(C3),Eu(DABH)_(3)·dmph(C4)and Eu(DABH)_(3)·phen(C5)by elemental analysis,infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spec-troscopy(^(1)H-NMR).The photoluminescent properties and thermal stability of the complexes were investigated by photoluminescent spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG),respectively.The Commission Inter-nationale de I’Eclairage(CIE)color coordinates,Judd–Ofelt intensity parameter(Ω_(2)),total quantum yield,intrinsic quantum efficiency and energy transfer dynamics of com-plexes were also explored.The excitation spectra of com-plexes are extended up to visible region.These complexes exhibit characteristic photoemission of Eu^(3+)metal ion with high color purity in red region attributed to efficient energy transfer from ligand to metal ion.The replacement of water molecules from coordination sphere of europium ion by ancillary ligands results in enhancement of luminescent properties of the C2–C5 complexes,indicating that ancillary ligands act as additional light harvesting centers in sensiti-zation phenomenon.The thermal studies show that these complexes are suitable for meeting the requirement of temperature for fabrication of OLEDs devices.展开更多
Metastatic clear cell carcinomas are commonly seen in the kidney and lung. Clear cell variant of hepatocellular carci- noma is an uncommon tumour. Diagnosis is usually made by correlation of histopathology. tumour mar...Metastatic clear cell carcinomas are commonly seen in the kidney and lung. Clear cell variant of hepatocellular carci- noma is an uncommon tumour. Diagnosis is usually made by correlation of histopathology. tumour markers and im- munohistochemistry, especially HepPar 1. In this unusual case of metastatic clear cell carcinoma presenting as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule, no primary evidence was observed radiologically in the liver, but the level of alfa fetoprotein was markedly elevated. Metastatic clear cell carcinoma of the liver with an occult hepatic primary was diagnosed by immunohistochemical profile of the tumour.展开更多
Aluminium is a potent toxicant in acidic soils. The present study was taken up to analyze the effects of Al on enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in excised bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf segments so as to gain an insig...Aluminium is a potent toxicant in acidic soils. The present study was taken up to analyze the effects of Al on enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in excised bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf segments so as to gain an insight of the mechanism involved. Supply of 0.001 to 0.1 mM AlCl3 to excised bean leaf segments affected the in vivo nitrate reductase activity differently in the presence of various inorganic nitrogenous compounds, being inhibited with 5 mM ammonium nitrate and 10 mM ammonium chloride but enhanced with 10 mM potassium nitrate. Al effect with 50 mM KNO<sub>3</sub> varied with time, showing an increased activity at shorter duration, but decreased at longer duration. Al effect on in vivo NRA was dependent upon the nitrate concentration, thus, inhibiting it at 0, 1 and 50 mM KNO<sub>3</sub>, while increasing at 2 and 10 mM. Further, saturating and non-saturating effects were observed in the absence and presence of Al. Al supply influenced the in vitro NRA also, being increased at 10 mM, but decreased at 50 mM KNO<sub>3</sub>. Supply of Al to excised leaf segments substantially inhibited the glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the absence as well as presence of 5 mM NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> but increased the glutamate synthase activity. Inhibition of specific glutamate dehydrogenase activity by Al supply was also observed. However, specific glutamate synthase activity was increased in the presence of NH4NO3 only. The experiments demonstrated that effect of supply of aluminium on in vivo nitrate reductase activity depended upon nitrogenous source as well as nitrate concentration and it exerted reciprocal regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase activities, which depended upon N supply too.展开更多
The study focused on the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the identification of impurities in pharmaceutical small molecules. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled high resolution...The study focused on the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the identification of impurities in pharmaceutical small molecules. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) was used for identification of oxidative degradation impurities (DIs) of lansoprazole. The utilization of HRMS facilitates to determine the accurate mass of impurities and their fragment/product ions. A fast mass spectrometer (MS) compatible reverse phase chromatography method was used to investigate the oxidative stressed impurities. HPLC column;C18 (50 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) was used with gradient elution. Spectral data acquired using information dependent acquisition (IDA) with real time dynamic background subtraction algorithm (DBS). Three oxidative impurities: DI-I (m/z 386.0781), DI-II (m/z 402.0734) and DI-III (m/z 386.0785), was observed during this study;interpretation of high resolution spectral data of all three impurities was carried out;elemental composition and molecular structure was proposed for major fragments. In this study mass error was found ≤7.7 parts per million (ppm).展开更多
Osmotic conditions play an important role in the cell properties of human red blood cells(RBCs),which are crucial for the pathological analysis of some blood diseases such as malaria.Over the past decades,numerous eff...Osmotic conditions play an important role in the cell properties of human red blood cells(RBCs),which are crucial for the pathological analysis of some blood diseases such as malaria.Over the past decades,numerous efforts have mainly focused on the study of the RBC biomechanical properties that arise from the unique deformability of erythrocytes.Here,we demonstrate nonlinear optical effects from human RBCs suspended in different osmotic solutions.Specifically,we observe self-trapping and scattering-resistant nonlinear propagation of a laser beam through RBC suspensions under all three osmotic conditions,where the strength of the optical nonlinearity increases with osmotic pressure on the cells.This tunable nonlinearity is attributed to optical forces,particularly the forward-scattering and gradient forces.Interestingly,in aged blood samples(with lysed cells),a notably different nonlinear behavior is observed due to the presence of free hemoglobin.We use a theoretical model with an optical force-mediated nonlocal nonlinearity to explain the experimental observations.Our work on light self-guiding through scattering biosoft-matter may introduce new photonic tools for noninvasive biomedical imaging and medical diagnosis.展开更多
A facile, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of carbaryl in its formulations, water and grain （rice and wheat） samples with newly synthesised reagent. The proposed meth...A facile, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of carbaryl in its formulations, water and grain （rice and wheat） samples with newly synthesised reagent. The proposed method was based on the alkaline hydrolysis of carbaryl pesticide and thus resulted 1-naphthol was coupled with diazotised 4,4＇-methylene-bis-m-nitroaniline in basic medium （pH 9） to give red colored product having λmax 480 nm for diazonium method （DM） or 1-naphthol reacts with 4,4＇-methylene-bis-m-nitroaniline in the presence of oxidising agent potassium dichromate （K2Cr2O7） to give red colored product having λmax 510 nm for oxidation method （OM）. The formation of colored derivatives with the coupling agent is instantaneous and stable for 48 h （DM） and 32 h （OM） respectively. Beer＇s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.2--10.0 μg·mL ^-1 for DM and 0.2--0.150 μg·mL^-1 for OM. The proposed methods are sensitive, easy to operate and permitted for the determination of carbaryl with detection limits of 0.028 μg·mL^-1 for DM and 0.024 μg·mL^-1 for OM respectively. The experimental results indicate that the procedure can eliminate the fundamental interferences caused by other pesticides and non-target ions, which made the methods more sensitive and selective. The method was applicable to the determination of carbaryl residue in water and food grain samples up to μg level.展开更多
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern and cause of death globally including Kenya. HIV infection is characterised by CD4+ lymphocyte depletion manifested through the loss of t...Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern and cause of death globally including Kenya. HIV infection is characterised by CD4+ lymphocyte depletion manifested through the loss of the immune response capacity. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and CD4+T cell counts among suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases seeking healthcare at TB clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya. Study Design: Hospital and laboratory based cross-sectional study was carried between May 2011 and November 2013 in Coast General Referral Hospital, Tudor, Port-Reitz, Mlaleo, Likoni and Mikandani districts and sub-districts hospitals. Methodology: A total of 500 suspected TB cases (271 males and 229 females) were screened for HIV infection using Trinity Biotech Uni-Gold<sup>TM</sup> test and positives confirmed with the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. CD4+ and CD8+T cells were analyzed using a BD FACS Count flow cytometer. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data of the participants. Results: In total, 127 (25.4%) of the suspects were HIV infected 55.1% females and 44.9% males. Females were significantly affected than males (OR = 0.78;95% CI: 0.44 - 1.37;p = 0.042). The majority (36.2%) of the HIV cases were in the 25 - 34 years age group followed by the 35 - 44 (33.9%), 45 - 54 (16.5%) and 18 - 24 (7.1%) age groups, respectively. Widowed (AOR = 6.14;95% CI: 1.53 - 20.54;p < 0.033), alcohol (AOR = 2.83;95% CI: 1.71 - 4.87;p < 0.001) and condom use (AOR = 2.31;95% CI: 1.62 = 4.71;p < 0.002) were risk factors associated with HIV infection. The mean CD4 cell count was 333.27 ± 150.59 cells/mm3 and it was higher in males (343.05 ± 149.33 cells/mm3) than females (325.93 ± 152.92 cells). The mean values of white blood cells (5.9 ± 2.42) × 109/l), packed cell value (34.1% ± 4.3%), platelets (195.16 ± 88.7) × 109/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (102.0 ± 17.4 mm/hr) were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV infecti展开更多
Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appen...Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appendectomy is a very common surgical procedure, and post appendectomy incisional hernia is a very rare complication. Here we present a case of a 24-year-old male with swelling in the right hypochondrium and lumbar region with an open appendectomy scar. He was diagnosed to have an interparietal hernia in the anterior abdominal wall. After obtaining consent patient was taken up for surgery. At surgery, the patient was found to have a defect in the transverse abdominis muscle with a medial leaf far from the incision site. Open repair of the defect along with double breasting of external oblique done. Interparietal hernias are rare in post appendectomy scar and this case is of significance since it Highlights a rare interstitial type incisional hernia, as a complication of post appendectomy scar, and not many cases reports are mentioned in literature.展开更多
Embedding the original high dimensional data in a low dimensional space helps to overcome the curse of dimensionality and removes noise. The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of three different linear di...Embedding the original high dimensional data in a low dimensional space helps to overcome the curse of dimensionality and removes noise. The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of three different linear dimensionality reduction techniques (DR) techniques namely principal component analysis (PCA), multi dimensional scaling (MDS) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on classification of cardiac arrhythmias using probabilistic neural network classifier (PNN). The design phase of classification model comprises of the following stages: preprocessing of the cardiac signal by eliminating detail coefficients that contain noise, feature extraction through daubechies wavelet transform, dimensionality reduction through linear DR techniques specified, and arrhythmia classification using PNN. Linear dimensionality reduction techniques have simple geometric representations and simple computational properties. Entire MIT-BIH arrhythmia database is used for experimentation. The experimental results demonstrates that combination of PNN classifier (spread parameter, σ = 0.08) and PCA DR technique exhibits highest sensitivity and F score of 78.84% and 78.82% respectively with a minimum of 8 dimensions.展开更多
文摘Childhood visual impairment(VI) have a significant impact on the educational achievement, career choices and social life of affected individual, and in children, is mainly due to either preventable or treatable causes. Reliable data on the prevalence and causes of VI in children will guide the development of a systematic vision screening program for its early detection and successful treatment of possible causes. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the available data on prevalence and causes of VI in school-age children from various regions globally. A discussion on the major findings highlighting the definition criteria, classifications and limitations for further studies is also presented.
文摘Breast cancer is a deadly disease and radiologists recommend mammography to detect it at the early stages. This paper presents two types of HanmanNets using the information set concept for the derivation of deep information set features from ResNet by modifying its kernel functions to yield Type-1 HanmanNets and then AlexNet, GoogLeNet and VGG-16 by changing their feature maps to yield Type-2 HanmanNets. The two types of HanmanNets exploit the final feature maps of these architectures in the generation of deep information set features from mammograms for their classification using the Hanman Transform Classifier. In this work, the characteristics of the abnormality present in the mammograms are captured using the above network architectures that help derive the features of HanmanNets based on information set concept and their performance is compared via the classification accuracies. The highest accuracy of 100% is achieved for the multi-class classifications on the mini-MIAS database thus surpassing the results in the literature. Validation of the results is done by the expert radiologists to show their clinical relevance.
文摘The choice of extrusion process is a decisive factor that affects the finished product quality for polybag manufacturing. One important component influencing the quality of the finished product is the selection of the extrusion technique. Two popular procedures that vary in the kind of dye used and the final product’s texture are cast film and blown film. In the horizontal extrusion moulding method known as “cast film”, heated resin is injected into a flat dye and allowed to cool on chill rolls. The film produced is clear, lightweight, and appropriate for lamination;its thickness varies based on the winding speed and the film is slower to crystallize and has less clarity but more durability because the resin molecules have reoriented, facing limitation of high wastage generation. This study primarily focused on the preparation of polybag film using the blown film extrusion process, utilizing high-quality polymer resins such as polyester polyethylene (PP) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to minimize waste generation. The novelty of the process was reflected in minimising the waste generation. The control parameters considered in this study are temperature, pressure, and air intake volume. We investigated the influence of these critical process control parameters on the gauge thickness, optical properties, and mechanical strength of the polybag film produced through blown film extrusion. Additionally, we replicated the blown film process using simulation software developed at Pennsylvania College of Technology. The simulation results confirmed the overall stability of the polybag film produced through the blown film extrusion process.
基金Director, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbaifor providing facility and financial assistance in the form of Masters’ Fellowship during the research period
文摘A mercury biosensor was constructed by integrating biosensor genetic elements into E. coli JM109 chromosome in a single copy number, using the attP/attB recombination mechanism of λ phage. The genetic elements used include a regulatory protein gene （merR） along with operator/promoter （O/P） derived from the mercury resistance operon from pDU1358 plasmid of Serratia marcescens. The expression of reporter gene gfp is also controlled by merR/O/P. Integration of the construct into the chromosome was done to increase the stability and precision of the biosensor. This biosensor could detect Hg（Ⅱ） ions in the concentration range of 100–1700 nmol/L, and manifest the result as the expression of GFP. The GFP expression was significantly different （P 0.05） for each concentration of inducing Hg（Ⅱ） ions in the detection range, which reduces the chances of misinterpretation of results. A model using regression method was also derived for the quantification of the concentration of Hg（Ⅱ） in water samples.
文摘High birefringence with low confinement loss photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has significant advantages in the field of sensing, dispersion compensation devices, nonlinear applications, and polarization filter. In this report, two different models of PCFs are presented and compared. Both the models contain five air holes rings with combination of circular and elliptical air holes arrangement. Moreover, the elliptical shaped air holes polarization and the third ring air holes rotational angle are varied. To examine different guiding characteristics, finite element method (FEM) with perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition is applied from 1.2 to 1.8 |im wavelength range. High birefringence, low confinement loss, high nonlinearity, and moderate disper-sion values are successfully achieved in both the PCFs models. Numeric analysis shows that model-1 gives higher birefringence (2.75 ×10^-2) and negative dispersion (-540.67 ps/(nm ·km)) at 1.55 |im wavelength. However, model-2 gives more small confinement loss than model-1 at the same wavelength. In addition, the proposed design demonstrates the variation of rotation angle has great impact to enhance guiding properties especially the birefringence.
文摘Introduction:Nonmetric dental traits have a crucial role in ethnic classification of populations that help in forensic racial identification.Many studies have demonstrated the differences in the expression and frequency of dental traits between various ethnic groups for ancestry determination in the context of forensic dental anthropology.The present study is an attempt to assess the frequency and variation in nonmetric traits for establishing ethnicity in the Vidarbha subpopulation.Aim:The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and variation of nonmetric traits in permanent teeth for establishing ethnicity in the Vidarbha subpopulation.Materials and Methods:Participants of the Vidarbha subpopulation were selected by random sampling method.Molars,premolars,and incisors were evaluated for frequency of nonmetric traits,and variations were graded according to Dentoanthropological System of State University of Arizona criteria.Descriptive statistics,Chi-square test,and Student’s t-test were used for analysis of data.Results:The most common occlusal morphology in mandibular first and second molar was 5 cusp and 4 cusp,respectively,with the“+”groove pattern.Cusp 3 and cusp 4 were observed frequently in the maxillary molars.One lingual cusp was most commonly seen in mandibular premolars show while incisors showed faint shoveling.Conclusion:Our study concludes that nonmetric traits were present and showed variation in permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth among the Vidarbha subpopulation.Cusp 5 and Cusp 4 in first and second mandibular molars,respectively,groove pattern“+”and grade 1 protostylid were the most frequent grades observed in permanent mandibular molars.One lingual cusp was most commonly seen in mandibular premolars and faint shoveling was a notable feature in incisors of this population.
文摘Network attack detection and mitigation require packet collection,pre-processing,feature analysis,classification,and post-processing.Models for these tasks sometimes become complex or inefficient when applied to real-time data samples.To mitigate hybrid assaults,this study designs an efficient forensic layer employing deep learning pattern analysis and multidomain feature extraction.In this paper,we provide a novel multidomain feature extraction method using Fourier,Z,Laplace,Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT),1D Haar Wavelet,Gabor,and Convolutional Operations.Evolutionary method dragon fly optimisation reduces feature dimensionality and improves feature selection accuracy.The selected features are fed into VGGNet and GoogLeNet models using binary cascaded neural networks to analyse network traffic patterns,detect anomalies,and warn network administrators.The suggested model tackles the inadequacies of existing approaches to hybrid threats,which are growing more common and challenge conventional security measures.Our model integrates multidomain feature extraction,deep learning pattern analysis,and the forensic layer to improve intrusion detection and prevention systems.In diverse attack scenarios,our technique has 3.5% higher accuracy,4.3% higher precision,8.5% higher recall,and 2.9% lower delay than previous models.
文摘Alkali salts of tungsten based heteropoly acids with different central atom such as P, Si and Co were prepared and evaluated for transes- terification of both edible and non-edible oils to their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. The catalyst of sodium salt of tungstic acid with Co as central atom （Na5CoW12O40） showed optimum activity towards transesterification compared with other heteropoly tungstates. The catalysts activities were correlated with the observed physico-chemical characteristics derived from FT-infrared （FT-IR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia （NH3-TPD） and carbon dioxide （CO2-TPD）. The Na5CoW12O40 catalyst exhibiting high activity even at 65 ℃ is due to the presence of strong acidic as well as basic sites. The disclosed catalyst is tolerable towards water and free fatty acids present in the oils. The influence of catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature is studied to optimize the reaction parameters.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2022R194)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In this present time,Human Activity Recognition(HAR)has been of considerable aid in the case of health monitoring and recovery.The exploitation of machine learning with an intelligent agent in the area of health informatics gathered using HAR augments the decision-making quality and significance.Although many research works conducted on Smart Healthcare Monitoring,there remain a certain number of pitfalls such as time,overhead,and falsification involved during analysis.Therefore,this paper proposes a Statistical Partial Regression and Support Vector Intelligent Agent Learning(SPR-SVIAL)for Smart Healthcare Monitoring.At first,the Statistical Partial Regression Feature Extraction model is used for data preprocessing along with the dimensionality-reduced features extraction process.Here,the input dataset the continuous beat-to-beat heart data,triaxial accelerometer data,and psychological characteristics were acquired from IoT wearable devices.To attain highly accurate Smart Healthcare Monitoring with less time,Partial Least Square helps extract the dimensionality-reduced features.After that,with these resulting features,SVIAL is proposed for Smart Healthcare Monitoring with the help of Machine Learning and Intelligent Agents to minimize both analysis falsification and overhead.Experimental evaluation is carried out for factors such as time,overhead,and false positive rate accuracy concerning several instances.The quantitatively analyzed results indicate the better performance of our proposed SPR-SVIAL method when compared with two state-of-the-art methods.
文摘Fetal hydrops can stem from immune or nonimmune causes.Immune causes often involve red cell alloimmunization,whereas nonimmune causes encompass structural malformations,aneuploidy,infections,lymphatic system disorders,genetic syndromes,and more.In a rare and complex case,we encountered a fetal hydrops presentation characterized by blended phenotypes,indicating both a genetic and an underlying immune etiology.The mother,Rhesus negative,presented with a history of adverse obstetric events.At 21 weeks,the current fetus was diagnosed with hydrops.Maternal blood tests unveiled Rhesus alloimmunization,featuring a positive indirect Coombs test at a 1:512 dilution and the presence of anti-D,anti-C,and anti-E antibodies.Fetal blood sampling revealed an O-positive blood group with a hemoglobin level of 10 gm/dL.Despite administering intrauterine transfusion to the fetus,there was no improvement;instead,the fetal hydrops worsened,accompanied by the emergence of nuchal and axillary masses.Exome sequencing of fetal DNA revealed the fetus was homozygous for a pathogenic variant in the SERPINA11 gene and compound heterozygous for a pathogenic variant in the PIEZO1 gene.Furthermore,the combination of pathogenic variants in SERPINA11 and PIEZO1 genes has not been described in cases of fetal hydrops before.This case posed significant challenges in management due to the concurrent presence of both immune and nonimmune hydrops.We describe some of the diagnostic challenges faced in clinical management of this case.
基金the Junior Research Fellowship(JRF)from University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India(No.2061410096)。
文摘Five novel europium(Ⅲ)complexes with 2-[4-(dibutylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]benzoic acid(DAHB)as primary ligand and bathophenanthroline(batho),2,2’-bipyridyl(bipy),5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline(dmph),1,10-phenanthroline(phen)as ancillary ligands were syn-thesized via solution precipitation method.The structural formulae of synthesized complexes were speculated to be Eu(DABH)_(3)·2H_(2)O(C1),Eu(DABH)_(3)·batho(C2),Eu(DABH)_(3)·bipy(C3),Eu(DABH)_(3)·dmph(C4)and Eu(DABH)_(3)·phen(C5)by elemental analysis,infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spec-troscopy(^(1)H-NMR).The photoluminescent properties and thermal stability of the complexes were investigated by photoluminescent spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG),respectively.The Commission Inter-nationale de I’Eclairage(CIE)color coordinates,Judd–Ofelt intensity parameter(Ω_(2)),total quantum yield,intrinsic quantum efficiency and energy transfer dynamics of com-plexes were also explored.The excitation spectra of com-plexes are extended up to visible region.These complexes exhibit characteristic photoemission of Eu^(3+)metal ion with high color purity in red region attributed to efficient energy transfer from ligand to metal ion.The replacement of water molecules from coordination sphere of europium ion by ancillary ligands results in enhancement of luminescent properties of the C2–C5 complexes,indicating that ancillary ligands act as additional light harvesting centers in sensiti-zation phenomenon.The thermal studies show that these complexes are suitable for meeting the requirement of temperature for fabrication of OLEDs devices.
文摘Metastatic clear cell carcinomas are commonly seen in the kidney and lung. Clear cell variant of hepatocellular carci- noma is an uncommon tumour. Diagnosis is usually made by correlation of histopathology. tumour markers and im- munohistochemistry, especially HepPar 1. In this unusual case of metastatic clear cell carcinoma presenting as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule, no primary evidence was observed radiologically in the liver, but the level of alfa fetoprotein was markedly elevated. Metastatic clear cell carcinoma of the liver with an occult hepatic primary was diagnosed by immunohistochemical profile of the tumour.
文摘Aluminium is a potent toxicant in acidic soils. The present study was taken up to analyze the effects of Al on enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in excised bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf segments so as to gain an insight of the mechanism involved. Supply of 0.001 to 0.1 mM AlCl3 to excised bean leaf segments affected the in vivo nitrate reductase activity differently in the presence of various inorganic nitrogenous compounds, being inhibited with 5 mM ammonium nitrate and 10 mM ammonium chloride but enhanced with 10 mM potassium nitrate. Al effect with 50 mM KNO<sub>3</sub> varied with time, showing an increased activity at shorter duration, but decreased at longer duration. Al effect on in vivo NRA was dependent upon the nitrate concentration, thus, inhibiting it at 0, 1 and 50 mM KNO<sub>3</sub>, while increasing at 2 and 10 mM. Further, saturating and non-saturating effects were observed in the absence and presence of Al. Al supply influenced the in vitro NRA also, being increased at 10 mM, but decreased at 50 mM KNO<sub>3</sub>. Supply of Al to excised leaf segments substantially inhibited the glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the absence as well as presence of 5 mM NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> but increased the glutamate synthase activity. Inhibition of specific glutamate dehydrogenase activity by Al supply was also observed. However, specific glutamate synthase activity was increased in the presence of NH4NO3 only. The experiments demonstrated that effect of supply of aluminium on in vivo nitrate reductase activity depended upon nitrogenous source as well as nitrate concentration and it exerted reciprocal regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase activities, which depended upon N supply too.
文摘The study focused on the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the identification of impurities in pharmaceutical small molecules. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) was used for identification of oxidative degradation impurities (DIs) of lansoprazole. The utilization of HRMS facilitates to determine the accurate mass of impurities and their fragment/product ions. A fast mass spectrometer (MS) compatible reverse phase chromatography method was used to investigate the oxidative stressed impurities. HPLC column;C18 (50 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) was used with gradient elution. Spectral data acquired using information dependent acquisition (IDA) with real time dynamic background subtraction algorithm (DBS). Three oxidative impurities: DI-I (m/z 386.0781), DI-II (m/z 402.0734) and DI-III (m/z 386.0785), was observed during this study;interpretation of high resolution spectral data of all three impurities was carried out;elemental composition and molecular structure was proposed for major fragments. In this study mass error was found ≤7.7 parts per million (ppm).
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0303800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91750204,11504184,11604058)+3 种基金the NSERC through the Steacie,Strategic,Discovery and Acceleration Grants Schemesthe Canada Research Chair Program(Canada)additional support by the Government of the Russian Federation through the ITMO Fellowship and Professorship Program(grant 074-U 01)the 1000 Talents Sichuan Program in China.
文摘Osmotic conditions play an important role in the cell properties of human red blood cells(RBCs),which are crucial for the pathological analysis of some blood diseases such as malaria.Over the past decades,numerous efforts have mainly focused on the study of the RBC biomechanical properties that arise from the unique deformability of erythrocytes.Here,we demonstrate nonlinear optical effects from human RBCs suspended in different osmotic solutions.Specifically,we observe self-trapping and scattering-resistant nonlinear propagation of a laser beam through RBC suspensions under all three osmotic conditions,where the strength of the optical nonlinearity increases with osmotic pressure on the cells.This tunable nonlinearity is attributed to optical forces,particularly the forward-scattering and gradient forces.Interestingly,in aged blood samples(with lysed cells),a notably different nonlinear behavior is observed due to the presence of free hemoglobin.We use a theoretical model with an optical force-mediated nonlocal nonlinearity to explain the experimental observations.Our work on light self-guiding through scattering biosoft-matter may introduce new photonic tools for noninvasive biomedical imaging and medical diagnosis.
文摘A facile, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of carbaryl in its formulations, water and grain （rice and wheat） samples with newly synthesised reagent. The proposed method was based on the alkaline hydrolysis of carbaryl pesticide and thus resulted 1-naphthol was coupled with diazotised 4,4＇-methylene-bis-m-nitroaniline in basic medium （pH 9） to give red colored product having λmax 480 nm for diazonium method （DM） or 1-naphthol reacts with 4,4＇-methylene-bis-m-nitroaniline in the presence of oxidising agent potassium dichromate （K2Cr2O7） to give red colored product having λmax 510 nm for oxidation method （OM）. The formation of colored derivatives with the coupling agent is instantaneous and stable for 48 h （DM） and 32 h （OM） respectively. Beer＇s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.2--10.0 μg·mL ^-1 for DM and 0.2--0.150 μg·mL^-1 for OM. The proposed methods are sensitive, easy to operate and permitted for the determination of carbaryl with detection limits of 0.028 μg·mL^-1 for DM and 0.024 μg·mL^-1 for OM respectively. The experimental results indicate that the procedure can eliminate the fundamental interferences caused by other pesticides and non-target ions, which made the methods more sensitive and selective. The method was applicable to the determination of carbaryl residue in water and food grain samples up to μg level.
文摘Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern and cause of death globally including Kenya. HIV infection is characterised by CD4+ lymphocyte depletion manifested through the loss of the immune response capacity. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and CD4+T cell counts among suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases seeking healthcare at TB clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya. Study Design: Hospital and laboratory based cross-sectional study was carried between May 2011 and November 2013 in Coast General Referral Hospital, Tudor, Port-Reitz, Mlaleo, Likoni and Mikandani districts and sub-districts hospitals. Methodology: A total of 500 suspected TB cases (271 males and 229 females) were screened for HIV infection using Trinity Biotech Uni-Gold<sup>TM</sup> test and positives confirmed with the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. CD4+ and CD8+T cells were analyzed using a BD FACS Count flow cytometer. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data of the participants. Results: In total, 127 (25.4%) of the suspects were HIV infected 55.1% females and 44.9% males. Females were significantly affected than males (OR = 0.78;95% CI: 0.44 - 1.37;p = 0.042). The majority (36.2%) of the HIV cases were in the 25 - 34 years age group followed by the 35 - 44 (33.9%), 45 - 54 (16.5%) and 18 - 24 (7.1%) age groups, respectively. Widowed (AOR = 6.14;95% CI: 1.53 - 20.54;p < 0.033), alcohol (AOR = 2.83;95% CI: 1.71 - 4.87;p < 0.001) and condom use (AOR = 2.31;95% CI: 1.62 = 4.71;p < 0.002) were risk factors associated with HIV infection. The mean CD4 cell count was 333.27 ± 150.59 cells/mm3 and it was higher in males (343.05 ± 149.33 cells/mm3) than females (325.93 ± 152.92 cells). The mean values of white blood cells (5.9 ± 2.42) × 109/l), packed cell value (34.1% ± 4.3%), platelets (195.16 ± 88.7) × 109/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (102.0 ± 17.4 mm/hr) were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV infecti
文摘Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appendectomy is a very common surgical procedure, and post appendectomy incisional hernia is a very rare complication. Here we present a case of a 24-year-old male with swelling in the right hypochondrium and lumbar region with an open appendectomy scar. He was diagnosed to have an interparietal hernia in the anterior abdominal wall. After obtaining consent patient was taken up for surgery. At surgery, the patient was found to have a defect in the transverse abdominis muscle with a medial leaf far from the incision site. Open repair of the defect along with double breasting of external oblique done. Interparietal hernias are rare in post appendectomy scar and this case is of significance since it Highlights a rare interstitial type incisional hernia, as a complication of post appendectomy scar, and not many cases reports are mentioned in literature.
文摘Embedding the original high dimensional data in a low dimensional space helps to overcome the curse of dimensionality and removes noise. The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of three different linear dimensionality reduction techniques (DR) techniques namely principal component analysis (PCA), multi dimensional scaling (MDS) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on classification of cardiac arrhythmias using probabilistic neural network classifier (PNN). The design phase of classification model comprises of the following stages: preprocessing of the cardiac signal by eliminating detail coefficients that contain noise, feature extraction through daubechies wavelet transform, dimensionality reduction through linear DR techniques specified, and arrhythmia classification using PNN. Linear dimensionality reduction techniques have simple geometric representations and simple computational properties. Entire MIT-BIH arrhythmia database is used for experimentation. The experimental results demonstrates that combination of PNN classifier (spread parameter, σ = 0.08) and PCA DR technique exhibits highest sensitivity and F score of 78.84% and 78.82% respectively with a minimum of 8 dimensions.
