Introduction: Low back pain is nowadays a real public health problem in companies. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with chronic low back pain among workers of a mining...Introduction: Low back pain is nowadays a real public health problem in companies. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with chronic low back pain among workers of a mining company in Burkina Faso. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with a retrospective collection that took place from August 1, 2021 to March 16, 2022 in a gold mine in Burkina Faso. It focused on mine workers who participated in the 2019 annual medical visit. Results: Out of a total workforce of 880 workers who took part in the annual medical visit in 2019, 165 had chronic common low back pain, i.e. a prevalence of 18.75%. The average age of low back pain workers was 37.21 ± 7.5 years. Among the workers suffering from low back pain, 62 (37.58%) held the position of machine operator. Clinically, mechanical pain was found in 113 low back pain workers (76%) and twenty-nine (17.58%) had radicular pain. Standard radiography of the lumbar spine was abnormal in 129 workers (78.18%. In the univariate analysis, the factors associated with the pathology were sex, level of study, work station and seniority in the position. After a logistic regression, the factors associated with its occurrence were whole-body vibration (Fisher’s test = 12.7541;P = 0.000), male sex (Fisher’s test = 8.363;P = 0.004), and seniority for 4 to 5 years (Chi2 = 4.0234;p = 0.046). Conclusion: The study reveals the existence of chronic low back pain cases among the workers of the mining company. There is a predominance of the pathology in men, workers exposed to vibrations and those with a seniority of 4 to 5 years. It is necessary to establish a policy of prevention of low back pain for the benefit of workers, in particular those exposed to vibrations.展开更多
Introduction: Violence is a major problem in today’s workplace. It affects workers in all sectors of activity. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with violence among primary a...Introduction: Violence is a major problem in today’s workplace. It affects workers in all sectors of activity. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with violence among primary and secondary school staff in Ouagadougou. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study that took place from April 22, 2020 to February 18, 2021 in primary and secondary schools in Ouagadougou. It focused on the educational staff of these establishments. Results: A total of 362 agents took part in the study. The average age of participants was 36.5 ± 6.89 years. The sex ratio was 1.62 men to one woman. The majority of workers were teachers, with 300 participants (82.87%). The average job tenure was 7 years ± 6.91 years. With regard to violence in the workplace, 87 workers were victims, representing a prevalence of 24.03%. Of these workers, 59 (67.81%) were men and 36 (41.38%) had less than six years’ experience. Acts of violence were predominantly pushing observed in 15 workers (50%), while shouting and aggressive tone dominated psychological violence and concerned 54 cases (36.24%). On univariate analysis, the factors associated with violence were age (p = 0.046) and type of establishment (p = 0.012). On multivariate analysis, only the nature of the establishment was the only factor associated with the occurrence of violence among teaching staff (OR = 2.3690, p = 0.0213). Conclusion: The prevalence of violence is high in these educational establishments. Age and type of establishment are factors associated with its occurrence. It is therefore necessary to develop an effective strategy for preventing this risk in the workplace.展开更多
Background: Postpartum eclampsia is a life-threatening obstetric emergency. Its management is multidisciplinary. Despite measures taken to accelerate the reduction of maternal, fetal and infant mortality in Burkina Fa...Background: Postpartum eclampsia is a life-threatening obstetric emergency. Its management is multidisciplinary. Despite measures taken to accelerate the reduction of maternal, fetal and infant mortality in Burkina Faso, maternal deaths related to postpartum eclampsia persist. The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of postpartum eclampsia in the obstetrics department of the Sourô Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection covering the period from June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019. We included 76 patients in the study;the variables studied were the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects. The data collected were entered on a microcomputer and analyzed with the EPI info version 7.2 software. Results: The prevalence of postpartum eclampsia was 0.87% compared to admissions to the obstetrics department. The average age of the patients was 23 years old with the extremes of 15 and 39 years old. Primiparas accounted for 39.47%, housewives 53%, and home births accounted for 15.79%. Seizures accounted for 55% of the reasons for admission, the average time to onset of these seizures postpartum was 3.8 days with extremes of 1 and 30 days with 45% of seizures occurring postpartum immediately. Maternal complications were noted in 42.10% of cases with 5 cases of Hellp syndrome, 3 cases of renal failure, and 3 cases of acute pulmonary edema. We recorded 4 cases of maternal death, representing a case fatality rate of 5.2%. Conclusion: Postpartum eclampsia is common in the obstetrics department of the Souro Sanou University Hospital Center with a significant case fatality rate. Emphasis should be placed on monitoring and prevention, especially women at risk of developing postpartum eclampsia for better maternal prognosis.展开更多
Introduction: Diabetes is a serious public health problem requiring complex treatment. Numerous ethnopharmacological studies have reported the traditional use of Sclerocarya birrea in managing diabetic patients. This ...Introduction: Diabetes is a serious public health problem requiring complex treatment. Numerous ethnopharmacological studies have reported the traditional use of Sclerocarya birrea in managing diabetic patients. This study aims to demonstrate, preclinically, the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous decoction of S. birrea trunk bark. Methods: Phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-MS. The effects of the extracts (Sb5 and Sb25) and 0.9% NaCl on the normal blood glucose levels of the animals were determined. Diabetes induction was performed intraperitoneally by administering a single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg) in normoglycemic rats. The antidiabetic effects of the extracts (Allox + Sb5, Allox + Sb25) and glibenclamide (Allox + Glib5) were determined in Alloxan-induced diabetic animals for four weeks. Results: Interpretation of mass spectra obtained by HPLC-MS allowed the tentative identification of vanillic acid-4-sulfate and rhamnetin in Sb extract. Investigated doses of Sb extract showed an antidiabetic impact similar to the reference, glibenclamide, with a return to normal blood glucose in all treated rats only after 4 days of treatment. Furthermore, Sb extract treatments reduced weight loss in diabetic rats. Sb had no negative impact on the balance of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the antidiabetic efficacy and, to some extent, the beneficial effects of Sb extract on Alloxan-induced diabetic rats’ health. Detection of antidiabetic phytochemicals such as vanillic acid-4-sulfate and rhamnetin would justify this pharmacological property of the aqueous decoction of S. birrea trunk bark.展开更多
Land use and occupation dynamics impact landscape structure, diversity, richness and balance of vegetation cover. The aim of this study is to describe the process of fragmentation of the forest landscape from 1990 to ...Land use and occupation dynamics impact landscape structure, diversity, richness and balance of vegetation cover. The aim of this study is to describe the process of fragmentation of the forest landscape from 1990 to 2020 and its effects on the degradation of the floristic characteristics of the vegetation in the Central West region of Burkina Faso. To achieve this, satellite data were collected and processed as part of a mapping approach to describing the landscape and the different types of landscape fragmentation. Mapping indices of landscape fragmentation (relative richness, change process, patch zones, Shannon diversity index) were also calculated. These indices were programmed in Idrisi Selva’s Landscape Pattern and change process analysis module. Spatio-temporal analysis revealed that in 1990, the landscape was dominated by natural vegetation formations, covering 66.33% of the territory. By 2020, these had been degraded to 44.80% by farmlands. The mapping analysis of indices also showed that the study area is characterized by four types of landscape fragmentation, including attrition, aggregation, creation and dissection. We also observed an abundant homogeneity, diversity and richness of conservation areas with legal and land tenure status. However, the structure is heterogeneous in landscapes outside protected areas and in areas under human occupation. This shows the crucial role played by conservation areas in preserving and balancing the diversity of vegetative cover in the study area.展开更多
The objective of our study is to evaluate the concentration of radon (<sup>86</sup>Rn) inside houses in the town of Koudougou in order to estimate its impact on the health of the population. Indeed, when u...The objective of our study is to evaluate the concentration of radon (<sup>86</sup>Rn) inside houses in the town of Koudougou in order to estimate its impact on the health of the population. Indeed, when uranium-rich minerals are found near the surface of the ground, radon concentrations can reach tens of becquerels per cubic meter in enclosed spaces. Given the nature of the geological base of Burkina Faso, this situation is quite probable and certain places that are sometimes poorly ventilated (house, school, office, etc.) can have radon levels high enough to constitute a health problem for occupants. Thus, twenty-four (24) sample houses were identified. In each house, the Corentium digital detector was between 0.8 m and 2 m for at least one week in a place where the occupants estimate that they spend more time of time and measure the concentration of radon in the long term and short term. The recorded data allowed us to determine the Absorbed Dose and the Annual Effective Dose of radon gas for each house in order to estimate the Risk of Cancer and the probable Number of Cases of Lung Cancer per million inhabitants. Thus, the results indicate that the long-term radon concentration varies between 6 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and 285 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> respectively in houses 11 and 4 compared to 1 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> to 208 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> in the short term in the same houses. Also, in the long term, in control houses 1, 3 and 4, the radon level is above the recommended threshold interval. For the short term, these are houses 1, 3, 4 and 17 respectively with 110 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, 142 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, 208 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and 105 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. As for the long-term and short-term effective doses, only houses 1, 3, 4, 17 and 24 have values between 3 - 10 Sv/year. The estimation of the relative risk of lung cancer gives values relatively close to unity and between 1.006 and 1.142 with an average of 1.035 and that of the Number of Lung Cancer Cases per million inhabitants gives values between 8 and 166 with an average of 42. Th展开更多
Background: Although maternal mortality is declining in most countries, it remains a significant public health problem worldwide, with high rates, particularly in developing and insecure countries like ours. Objective...Background: Although maternal mortality is declining in most countries, it remains a significant public health problem worldwide, with high rates, particularly in developing and insecure countries like ours. Objective: To study the epidemiological factors and factors associated with the occurrence of maternal death in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of University Hospital of Tengandogo. Method: It was a retrospective case-control study with a descriptive and analytical purpose over a period of 6 years from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. Cases were women with maternal deaths during the study period. Data processing and analysis were performed using Stata version 13 software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with Stata version 13 software, and logistic regression modeling was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the threshold for statistical significance was set at a p value < 0.05. Results: A total of 372 patients were included in the study, including 146 cases of maternal death. The in-hospital maternal mortality rate was 1933 deaths per 100,000 live births. The average age was 28.5 years. 58.9% of patients lived in rural areas. Married patients accounted for 88.7% of cases. The average parity was 3. Direct obstetrical causes were the main causes of death, accounting for 72.6%. They were dominated by post-partum hemorrhage (24.2%), puerperal infection (18.6%), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (16.1%) and retroplacental hematoma (8.9%). Chronic anemia (12.9%) was the main indirect obstetric cause. Risk factors associated with maternal death were primiparity (OR for paucigravida and multigravida at 0.05;P = 0.001);ambulance transport (OR for patients referred and brought in by personal vehicle = 0.3, p < 0.001) and vaginal delivery (OR for cesarean deliveries = 0.4, p < 0.001). Conclusion: To reduce maternal mortality in Burkina Faso, strategies such as educating women about danger signs during pregnancy and promoting women’s educatio展开更多
Buildings constructed with modern materials (cement blocks, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, etc.) in the Sahelian zone often generate excessive electricity consumption and consequently very high electricity bills. T...Buildings constructed with modern materials (cement blocks, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, etc.) in the Sahelian zone often generate excessive electricity consumption and consequently very high electricity bills. This study is a contribution to the development of new building types based on the principle of bioclimatic construction. The aim is to find materials suited to the Sahelian climate and improve thermal comfort. To this end, an experimental study of the hygrothermal behavior of a bioclimatic building prototype with a domed roof is being carried out. Site meteorological data, air temperature and relative humidity of the building’s internal environment were measured for three climatic seasons in Burkina Faso. The data acquisition system consists of thermocouples, solarimeters and humidity meters, and the data are processed using Excel and Origin Pro software. The results show that, despite the high temperature values (between 36˚C and 39˚C) of the internal environment measured in the hot season, good thermal performance is achieved, in particular an average phase shift of 7.17 h and an average damping of 10.81˚C. The dome-roofed building could therefore contribute to limiting heat transmission to the building interior, improving thermal comfort all year round. Analysis of humidity profiles shows that indoor humidity varies between 66% and 80% for the September period, and between 44% and 69% for the January period. The high values of internal ambient humidity could be reduced by very good ventilation of the building. This study shows that the proposed bioclimatic building prototype with domed roof could be integrated into the Sahelian habitat.展开更多
The objective of this study was to examine the sorghum preservation techniques in response to climate variability and to evaluate the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in selected sorghum stocks in Burkina Faso. The cross-se...The objective of this study was to examine the sorghum preservation techniques in response to climate variability and to evaluate the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in selected sorghum stocks in Burkina Faso. The cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months, from October 2020 to January 2021. A questionnaire was administered to 450 sorghum farmers in order to ascertain their knowledge and practices with regard to conservation techniques. A total of 23 farmers’ stocks were sampled for the determination of aflatoxin B1 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method and for the assessment of moisture levels using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method. A total of five distinct preservation techniques were identified. The most frequently utilized techniques were straw loft (49.2%) as a storage structure, pallets (36.69%) as the structure’s internal management, plastic bags (40.42%) as packaging material, panicles (64.3%) as a form of storage, and chemical products (15.22%) as preservatives. Three biotic constraints were identified: insect (51.18%), rodent (30.14%), and mold (15.38%). Three significant abiotic constraints were identified: humidity (44.6%), lack of hygiene (15.2%), and grain immaturity (10.2%). A comparative analysis reveals that the majority of these techniques and constraints exhibit notable differences between climatic zones, largely due to the influence of climatic variability. The aflatoxin B1 level exhibited considerable variation, ranging from 0 µg/kg to 2.07 ± 0.08 µg/kg DM. Of the analyzed stocks, 38% were found to be contaminated. Abiotic and biotic factors exert influence on sorghum stocks. Chemical agents are employed for their protection, and contamination by aflatoxin B1 is a further issue. However, the levels of contamination observed are not cause for concern.展开更多
Objective: To study the quality of life of patients with knee OA with the questionnaire OAKHQOL (OsteoArthritis of Knee Hip Quality Of Life). Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study over a period of six...Objective: To study the quality of life of patients with knee OA with the questionnaire OAKHQOL (OsteoArthritis of Knee Hip Quality Of Life). Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study over a period of six months, in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. All patients met the clinical and radiological criteria of the ACR. The OAKHQOL questionnaire was used to investigate the quality of life of patients. Results: One hundred and six patients were included. There were 94 (88.7%) women and 12 (11.3%) men with a sex ratio of 0.12. The average age of patients was 55 ± 10.4 years. The average pain intensity was 55.1 ± 22.4. The majority of patients (69.8%) had stage 3 of Kellgren and Lawrence classification. The dimension “pain” had the lowest normalized score (60.6). There was a significant correlation between the age range of 30 to 40 years and declining mental health (49.5) . The patients with over 60 years of age had a decrease in pain tolerance and reduced social activities. Lequesne score was associated with severe all dimensions except “social support” of the patient. Conclusion: The knee has an impact on quality of life of patients followed in rheumatology by OAKHQOL questionnaire.展开更多
Background: Infectious Diseases are responsible for nearly 17 million annual deaths worldwide. Burkina Faso, like the majority of poor countries, remains vulnerable to infectious diseases. The objective of the present...Background: Infectious Diseases are responsible for nearly 17 million annual deaths worldwide. Burkina Faso, like the majority of poor countries, remains vulnerable to infectious diseases. The objective of the present study was to analyze the profile of inpatients, including the mortality and causes of death, in the Infectious Diseases Department of SourôSanou teaching hospital (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso). Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study based on medical records of all inpatients from 2011 to 2015. Results: We included 1169 patients. The gender ratio was 0.8. The age group 30 to 39 was more represented (30.2%) as well as housewives and farmers (73.7%). Over one-thirds of the patients (35.3%) were consulted within an average of 7 days. The most common reason for consultation was fever (65.1%). Around 62.0% of inpatients were infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Digestive diseases ranked first (21.8%) followed by nervous system disorders (19.4%) and tuberculosis (17.8%). Overall morbidity rate was 31.3%. About 42% were admitted to the emergency ward while 83.3% already arrived with poor health condition. And 82.1% of deaths occurred on pathological grounds of which 66.7% were related to HIV. Main causes of death included nervous system diseases (28.6%), tuberculosis (21.9%) and gastrointestinal diseases (18.3%). Conclusion: Infectious diseases remain a major public health issue. Further efforts are needed to improve their management in Burkina Faso.展开更多
Four raw deposits clayey materials in Burkina Faso have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and ICP-AES to evaluate their suitability to be used as pozzolan in cement. The samples have be...Four raw deposits clayey materials in Burkina Faso have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and ICP-AES to evaluate their suitability to be used as pozzolan in cement. The samples have been activated by thermal treatment at 730°C during 5 hours. The obtained metakaolin was investigated by means of complementary techniques for their use as pozzolan in building materials. Fineness, surface area and amorphousness of metakaolins were the dominant factors which influenced their pozzolan reactivity. The compressive strengths of blended specimens were slightly increased with metakaolins named MK1 and MK2 than the reference for the substitution of 20 - 25 wt%. This was due to the metakaolins’ pozzolan reactivity and their filler effects which promoted CSH formation and reduced pores in the specimens. MK1 and MK2 were suitable for replacement of Portland cement in the field of building materials.展开更多
Introduction: Male urethral stricture is one of the oldest urological disorders. Many techniques have been proposed to treat them, including endoscopic internal urethrotomy (DVIU). Material and Methods: To evaluate th...Introduction: Male urethral stricture is one of the oldest urological disorders. Many techniques have been proposed to treat them, including endoscopic internal urethrotomy (DVIU). Material and Methods: To evaluate the contribution of this technique in the treatment of urethra narrowing, a retrospective study on the records of patients with urethral stricture treated with endoscopic internal urethrotomy between January 2014 and December 2021 in the urology division of the Souro Sanou University Teaching Hospital. Results: A total of 44 male patients with urethral stricture were treated with this technique and 48 procedures were performed. The average age of the patients was 53.2 ± 18.2 years. The etiology of the stricture was dominated by iatrogenic, infectious, traumatic and idiopathic causes in 43.2% (n = 19), 27.3% (n = 12), 20.4 % (n = 9), and 9.1% (n = 4) respectively. The location of the stricture was bulbar in 72.7%, and the anterior penile urethra in 15.9%. The overall success rate was 72.7% with satisfactory urination without dysuria, evaluated after removal of the urinary catheter, at three months this rate fell to 69.1%, and at 6 months this rate was 67.5%. Five cases (5) of extravasation of blood or irrigation fluid into the scrotum were reported and managed conservatively as well as two (2) cases of false routes with postoperative oedema of the penis were observed. Conclusion: DVIU is a simple technique, free of major morbidity and requiring only short-term hospitalization. It can be proposed as a first-line treatment for urethral stricture.展开更多
In this paper, we studied the seasonal behavior of the total electron content (TEC) during a part of solar cycle 24 ascending, maximum and decreasing phases at Koudougou station (Latitude: 12°15'09"N Lon...In this paper, we studied the seasonal behavior of the total electron content (TEC) during a part of solar cycle 24 ascending, maximum and decreasing phases at Koudougou station (Latitude: 12°15'09"N Longitude: 2°21'45"W). Response of TEC to solar recurrent events is presented. The highest values of the TEC in 2014, 2015 and 2016 were recorded on March and October, while in 2013 they were recorded on April and November, corresponding to equinox months. This observation shows that TEC values at the equinoxes are higher than those of solstices. Moreover, the monthly TEC varies in phase with the sunspots number showing a linear dependence of the TEC on solar activity. The ionospheric electron contents are generally very low both before noon and during the night, but quite high at noon and after noon. This pattern of TEC variation is due to the fluctuation of incident solar radiation on the Earth’s equatorial ionosphere. During quiet periods, the number of free electrons generated is lower than that generated during recurrent periods, which shows a positive contribution of recurrent activity to the level of the TEC. Investigations have also highlighted a winter anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry in TEC behavior at Koudougou station.展开更多
Introduction: Despite the progress recorded at the level of transfusion safety in Côte d’Ivoire, much remains to be done, particularly at the level of the medical selection of blood donors. The objective of the ...Introduction: Despite the progress recorded at the level of transfusion safety in Côte d’Ivoire, much remains to be done, particularly at the level of the medical selection of blood donors. The objective of the study was to make an assessment of the pre-donation capillary hemoglobin dosage for the year 2020 of the fixed collection, of the Blood Transfusion Center of Yamoussoukro. Method: This is a retrospective study that took place at the Yamoussoukro Blood Transfusion Center. The data collection related to all old and new blood donors were deemed suitable for the fixed collection of the year 2020. The method chosen for the pre-donation control is that of the portable hemoglobinometer of the HémoCue<sup>®</sup> type, more precisely 201+. Results: Of the 1160 blood donors in the study, the pre-donation hemoglobin level was not measured in 787 (67.8%) subjects of either sex. Of the subjects who had a pre-donation hemoglobin level performed, 97 (26%) blood donors had a sub-standard hemoglobin level, including 15 females and 82 males. Conclusion: Pre-donation hemoglobin testing of blood donors is effective in Yamoussoukro. However, efforts must still be made to improve the quality of the blood collected and to protect blood donors.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout are common diseases, but their coexistence is rare. We describe the case of a 76-year-old man with hypertension who had been treated for gout for 20 years on allopurinol and colchici...Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout are common diseases, but their coexistence is rare. We describe the case of a 76-year-old man with hypertension who had been treated for gout for 20 years on allopurinol and colchicine. He was seen in consultation for deforming polyarthritis of the small and large joints, which had been evolving for about 2 years. The acute episode occurred 10 days earlier with the onset of bilateral and symmetrical polyarthritis affecting the large and small joints. The physical examination revealed a peripheral joint syndrome with ulnar gale force deformities of the hands and several buttonhole deformities of the fingers. In addition, there were nodules, some of which were fistulised, giving rise to a chalky slurry. The biology revealed an inflammatory syndrome in addition to rheumatoid factors and ACPA, which were elevated. Biological analysis of the nodular fluid revealed clusters of sodium urate crystals and ultrasound scans of the joints revealed a double-contour appearance in several joints. The diagnosis of RA was made using the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. The patient was treated as an outpatient with corticosteroids before being put on methotrexate. It is important to understand that these two conditions can occur at the same time, so it is important to consider them when treating patients with gout or RA.展开更多
Introduction: Cystostomy allows under certain circumstances deriving the urine. This is the most performed surgery in uro-andrological emergencies. Complications can occur. We aim to analyze the indications, technical...Introduction: Cystostomy allows under certain circumstances deriving the urine. This is the most performed surgery in uro-andrological emergencies. Complications can occur. We aim to analyze the indications, technical aspects and complications of suprapubic cystostomies in the urological emergency unit at CHU-YO. Patients and Methods: Between October 2013 and May 2014 we conducted a prospective study of all patients who underwent suprapubic cystostomy. Results: 86 cases of cystostomy were noted or 77.5% of surgical procedures performed in uro-andrological emergency. All patients were male. The average age of patients was 52.5 years. The AUR represented 88.4% of indications. The prostate tumor represented 65.8% of the etiologies of AUR. The cystostomy was performed under local anesthesia in 87.2% of cases. Peritoneal gap was noted in 5.8%, parietal suppuration in 12.8%. A death by generalized acute peritonitis was noted in one case. Conclusion: Suprapubic cystostomy presents a non-negligible morbidity and mortality and must be mastered.展开更多
Background: Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) has been claimed to treat various conditions, including complicated childbirth. The principal objective of this research was to provide scientific evidence on the...Background: Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) has been claimed to treat various conditions, including complicated childbirth. The principal objective of this research was to provide scientific evidence on the contractile effect of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of the whole plant from A. hierochuntica during labor. Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods helped identify and quantify the phytoconstituents in both extracts. The antioxidant activity was studied using four standard methods (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO). Results: The inhibitory power of the extracts on pro-inflammatory enzymes such as 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> was determined. The contractile effects of the extracts were evaluated using isolated pregnant mice uteri. Steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and reduced compounds were identified in both extracts. The hydroethanolic extract exhibited higher content of hydrolyzable tannins (15.07 ± 0.24 mg tannic acid equivalent/g) than the aqueous decoction (11.8 ± 0.69 mg TAE/g). The extracts demonstrated the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals, reduce ferric ions, and inhibit especially lipid peroxidation. No significant difference was noted in the phospholipase inhibition between the extracts and betamethasone. The hydroethanolic extract displayed the most significant anti-lipoxygenase activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 55.82 ± 1.15 μg/mL. The lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of extracts was estimated to be superior to 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw). The ability of the samples to produce one cm amplitude of contraction at 50% effective concentrations (EC<sub>50</sub>) was 5.33 × 10<sup>−8</sup> ± 0.32 mg/mL for oxytocin, 1.51 ± 0.08 mg/mL for aqueous extract and 3.57 ± 0.61 mg/mL for hydroethanolic extract. Conclusion: These findings could provide evidence for using Anastatica hierochuntica to facilitate childbirth.展开更多
Contamination by heavy metals of soil, water and agricultural products is currently a major problem of environmental pollution in the world. The consumption of plants contaminated with heavy metals can be the cause of...Contamination by heavy metals of soil, water and agricultural products is currently a major problem of environmental pollution in the world. The consumption of plants contaminated with heavy metals can be the cause of diseases such as cancers, the number of cases of which is only growing. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) in plants from the vegetable farm of LOUMBILA and the assessment of health risks linked to the consumption of plants. In this paper, the concentration of heavy metal in vegetable was measured using the model AANALYST 200 flame atomic absorption spectrometer from PERKIN ELMER. The level of Zn in the vegetables from Loumbila vegetable farms ranged between 42.95 mg/kg and 78 mg/kg. The concentrations of Zn in the studies vegetables were higher than the permissible levels set by FAO/WHO (20 mg/kg). The concentration Pb in vegetables varied from 1.73 mg/kg to 27.02 mg/kg. All concentrations of Pb in vegetable were higher than the permissible levels set by FAO/WHO (0.3 mg/kg). Daily intake of Ni, Cr and Pb was higher than the MTDI, so consumption of vegetables from Loumbila vegetable farms can lead to health problems related to Ni, Cr and Pb. In vegetables from LOUMBILA, the estimated daily intake decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr. The Hazard index values for carrot, onion, lettuce, green bean and onion leaves were greater than (>) one (1) which indicates that there might be a potential health risk to those consuming these vegetables. The Target Cancer Risk (TCR) analysis also revealed the potential cancer risk induced by Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Pb due to the consumption of carrot, onion leaves, onion, lettuce, green bean, and bell pepper because their TCR values were above the threshold.展开更多
Asphalt concrete pavements in hot and dry climates deteriorate prematurely some time after their construction. This degradation is accelerated under the effect of heavy vehicle traffic pressure and high temperatures a...Asphalt concrete pavements in hot and dry climates deteriorate prematurely some time after their construction. This degradation is accelerated under the effect of heavy vehicle traffic pressure and high temperatures after the bitumen has softened. A study was conducted on the RN1 in Burkina Faso in order to analyze the evolution of temperature and traffic in the process of degradation of asphalt concrete pavements. It consisted on the one hand in recording the temperatures at different points inside the layers of asphalt concrete pavements and the layer of laterite. These results were compared with the values of the softening temperatures of the bitumen obtained in the laboratory. On the other hand, this study is supplemented by the daily counting of heavy goods vehicles passing through the RN1 during the month of April in order to study the influence of the evolution of heavy goods vehicle traffic on the degradation of pavements in hot and dry climatic conditions. The results obtained for temperatures and the frequency of heavy goods vehicle traffic favor pavement deterioration under certain conditions.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Low back pain is nowadays a real public health problem in companies. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with chronic low back pain among workers of a mining company in Burkina Faso. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with a retrospective collection that took place from August 1, 2021 to March 16, 2022 in a gold mine in Burkina Faso. It focused on mine workers who participated in the 2019 annual medical visit. Results: Out of a total workforce of 880 workers who took part in the annual medical visit in 2019, 165 had chronic common low back pain, i.e. a prevalence of 18.75%. The average age of low back pain workers was 37.21 ± 7.5 years. Among the workers suffering from low back pain, 62 (37.58%) held the position of machine operator. Clinically, mechanical pain was found in 113 low back pain workers (76%) and twenty-nine (17.58%) had radicular pain. Standard radiography of the lumbar spine was abnormal in 129 workers (78.18%. In the univariate analysis, the factors associated with the pathology were sex, level of study, work station and seniority in the position. After a logistic regression, the factors associated with its occurrence were whole-body vibration (Fisher’s test = 12.7541;P = 0.000), male sex (Fisher’s test = 8.363;P = 0.004), and seniority for 4 to 5 years (Chi2 = 4.0234;p = 0.046). Conclusion: The study reveals the existence of chronic low back pain cases among the workers of the mining company. There is a predominance of the pathology in men, workers exposed to vibrations and those with a seniority of 4 to 5 years. It is necessary to establish a policy of prevention of low back pain for the benefit of workers, in particular those exposed to vibrations.
文摘Introduction: Violence is a major problem in today’s workplace. It affects workers in all sectors of activity. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with violence among primary and secondary school staff in Ouagadougou. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study that took place from April 22, 2020 to February 18, 2021 in primary and secondary schools in Ouagadougou. It focused on the educational staff of these establishments. Results: A total of 362 agents took part in the study. The average age of participants was 36.5 ± 6.89 years. The sex ratio was 1.62 men to one woman. The majority of workers were teachers, with 300 participants (82.87%). The average job tenure was 7 years ± 6.91 years. With regard to violence in the workplace, 87 workers were victims, representing a prevalence of 24.03%. Of these workers, 59 (67.81%) were men and 36 (41.38%) had less than six years’ experience. Acts of violence were predominantly pushing observed in 15 workers (50%), while shouting and aggressive tone dominated psychological violence and concerned 54 cases (36.24%). On univariate analysis, the factors associated with violence were age (p = 0.046) and type of establishment (p = 0.012). On multivariate analysis, only the nature of the establishment was the only factor associated with the occurrence of violence among teaching staff (OR = 2.3690, p = 0.0213). Conclusion: The prevalence of violence is high in these educational establishments. Age and type of establishment are factors associated with its occurrence. It is therefore necessary to develop an effective strategy for preventing this risk in the workplace.
文摘Background: Postpartum eclampsia is a life-threatening obstetric emergency. Its management is multidisciplinary. Despite measures taken to accelerate the reduction of maternal, fetal and infant mortality in Burkina Faso, maternal deaths related to postpartum eclampsia persist. The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of postpartum eclampsia in the obstetrics department of the Sourô Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection covering the period from June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019. We included 76 patients in the study;the variables studied were the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects. The data collected were entered on a microcomputer and analyzed with the EPI info version 7.2 software. Results: The prevalence of postpartum eclampsia was 0.87% compared to admissions to the obstetrics department. The average age of the patients was 23 years old with the extremes of 15 and 39 years old. Primiparas accounted for 39.47%, housewives 53%, and home births accounted for 15.79%. Seizures accounted for 55% of the reasons for admission, the average time to onset of these seizures postpartum was 3.8 days with extremes of 1 and 30 days with 45% of seizures occurring postpartum immediately. Maternal complications were noted in 42.10% of cases with 5 cases of Hellp syndrome, 3 cases of renal failure, and 3 cases of acute pulmonary edema. We recorded 4 cases of maternal death, representing a case fatality rate of 5.2%. Conclusion: Postpartum eclampsia is common in the obstetrics department of the Souro Sanou University Hospital Center with a significant case fatality rate. Emphasis should be placed on monitoring and prevention, especially women at risk of developing postpartum eclampsia for better maternal prognosis.
文摘Introduction: Diabetes is a serious public health problem requiring complex treatment. Numerous ethnopharmacological studies have reported the traditional use of Sclerocarya birrea in managing diabetic patients. This study aims to demonstrate, preclinically, the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous decoction of S. birrea trunk bark. Methods: Phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-MS. The effects of the extracts (Sb5 and Sb25) and 0.9% NaCl on the normal blood glucose levels of the animals were determined. Diabetes induction was performed intraperitoneally by administering a single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg) in normoglycemic rats. The antidiabetic effects of the extracts (Allox + Sb5, Allox + Sb25) and glibenclamide (Allox + Glib5) were determined in Alloxan-induced diabetic animals for four weeks. Results: Interpretation of mass spectra obtained by HPLC-MS allowed the tentative identification of vanillic acid-4-sulfate and rhamnetin in Sb extract. Investigated doses of Sb extract showed an antidiabetic impact similar to the reference, glibenclamide, with a return to normal blood glucose in all treated rats only after 4 days of treatment. Furthermore, Sb extract treatments reduced weight loss in diabetic rats. Sb had no negative impact on the balance of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the antidiabetic efficacy and, to some extent, the beneficial effects of Sb extract on Alloxan-induced diabetic rats’ health. Detection of antidiabetic phytochemicals such as vanillic acid-4-sulfate and rhamnetin would justify this pharmacological property of the aqueous decoction of S. birrea trunk bark.
文摘Land use and occupation dynamics impact landscape structure, diversity, richness and balance of vegetation cover. The aim of this study is to describe the process of fragmentation of the forest landscape from 1990 to 2020 and its effects on the degradation of the floristic characteristics of the vegetation in the Central West region of Burkina Faso. To achieve this, satellite data were collected and processed as part of a mapping approach to describing the landscape and the different types of landscape fragmentation. Mapping indices of landscape fragmentation (relative richness, change process, patch zones, Shannon diversity index) were also calculated. These indices were programmed in Idrisi Selva’s Landscape Pattern and change process analysis module. Spatio-temporal analysis revealed that in 1990, the landscape was dominated by natural vegetation formations, covering 66.33% of the territory. By 2020, these had been degraded to 44.80% by farmlands. The mapping analysis of indices also showed that the study area is characterized by four types of landscape fragmentation, including attrition, aggregation, creation and dissection. We also observed an abundant homogeneity, diversity and richness of conservation areas with legal and land tenure status. However, the structure is heterogeneous in landscapes outside protected areas and in areas under human occupation. This shows the crucial role played by conservation areas in preserving and balancing the diversity of vegetative cover in the study area.
文摘The objective of our study is to evaluate the concentration of radon (<sup>86</sup>Rn) inside houses in the town of Koudougou in order to estimate its impact on the health of the population. Indeed, when uranium-rich minerals are found near the surface of the ground, radon concentrations can reach tens of becquerels per cubic meter in enclosed spaces. Given the nature of the geological base of Burkina Faso, this situation is quite probable and certain places that are sometimes poorly ventilated (house, school, office, etc.) can have radon levels high enough to constitute a health problem for occupants. Thus, twenty-four (24) sample houses were identified. In each house, the Corentium digital detector was between 0.8 m and 2 m for at least one week in a place where the occupants estimate that they spend more time of time and measure the concentration of radon in the long term and short term. The recorded data allowed us to determine the Absorbed Dose and the Annual Effective Dose of radon gas for each house in order to estimate the Risk of Cancer and the probable Number of Cases of Lung Cancer per million inhabitants. Thus, the results indicate that the long-term radon concentration varies between 6 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and 285 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> respectively in houses 11 and 4 compared to 1 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> to 208 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> in the short term in the same houses. Also, in the long term, in control houses 1, 3 and 4, the radon level is above the recommended threshold interval. For the short term, these are houses 1, 3, 4 and 17 respectively with 110 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, 142 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, 208 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and 105 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. As for the long-term and short-term effective doses, only houses 1, 3, 4, 17 and 24 have values between 3 - 10 Sv/year. The estimation of the relative risk of lung cancer gives values relatively close to unity and between 1.006 and 1.142 with an average of 1.035 and that of the Number of Lung Cancer Cases per million inhabitants gives values between 8 and 166 with an average of 42. Th
文摘Background: Although maternal mortality is declining in most countries, it remains a significant public health problem worldwide, with high rates, particularly in developing and insecure countries like ours. Objective: To study the epidemiological factors and factors associated with the occurrence of maternal death in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of University Hospital of Tengandogo. Method: It was a retrospective case-control study with a descriptive and analytical purpose over a period of 6 years from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. Cases were women with maternal deaths during the study period. Data processing and analysis were performed using Stata version 13 software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with Stata version 13 software, and logistic regression modeling was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the threshold for statistical significance was set at a p value < 0.05. Results: A total of 372 patients were included in the study, including 146 cases of maternal death. The in-hospital maternal mortality rate was 1933 deaths per 100,000 live births. The average age was 28.5 years. 58.9% of patients lived in rural areas. Married patients accounted for 88.7% of cases. The average parity was 3. Direct obstetrical causes were the main causes of death, accounting for 72.6%. They were dominated by post-partum hemorrhage (24.2%), puerperal infection (18.6%), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (16.1%) and retroplacental hematoma (8.9%). Chronic anemia (12.9%) was the main indirect obstetric cause. Risk factors associated with maternal death were primiparity (OR for paucigravida and multigravida at 0.05;P = 0.001);ambulance transport (OR for patients referred and brought in by personal vehicle = 0.3, p < 0.001) and vaginal delivery (OR for cesarean deliveries = 0.4, p < 0.001). Conclusion: To reduce maternal mortality in Burkina Faso, strategies such as educating women about danger signs during pregnancy and promoting women’s educatio
文摘Buildings constructed with modern materials (cement blocks, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, etc.) in the Sahelian zone often generate excessive electricity consumption and consequently very high electricity bills. This study is a contribution to the development of new building types based on the principle of bioclimatic construction. The aim is to find materials suited to the Sahelian climate and improve thermal comfort. To this end, an experimental study of the hygrothermal behavior of a bioclimatic building prototype with a domed roof is being carried out. Site meteorological data, air temperature and relative humidity of the building’s internal environment were measured for three climatic seasons in Burkina Faso. The data acquisition system consists of thermocouples, solarimeters and humidity meters, and the data are processed using Excel and Origin Pro software. The results show that, despite the high temperature values (between 36˚C and 39˚C) of the internal environment measured in the hot season, good thermal performance is achieved, in particular an average phase shift of 7.17 h and an average damping of 10.81˚C. The dome-roofed building could therefore contribute to limiting heat transmission to the building interior, improving thermal comfort all year round. Analysis of humidity profiles shows that indoor humidity varies between 66% and 80% for the September period, and between 44% and 69% for the January period. The high values of internal ambient humidity could be reduced by very good ventilation of the building. This study shows that the proposed bioclimatic building prototype with domed roof could be integrated into the Sahelian habitat.
文摘The objective of this study was to examine the sorghum preservation techniques in response to climate variability and to evaluate the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in selected sorghum stocks in Burkina Faso. The cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months, from October 2020 to January 2021. A questionnaire was administered to 450 sorghum farmers in order to ascertain their knowledge and practices with regard to conservation techniques. A total of 23 farmers’ stocks were sampled for the determination of aflatoxin B1 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method and for the assessment of moisture levels using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method. A total of five distinct preservation techniques were identified. The most frequently utilized techniques were straw loft (49.2%) as a storage structure, pallets (36.69%) as the structure’s internal management, plastic bags (40.42%) as packaging material, panicles (64.3%) as a form of storage, and chemical products (15.22%) as preservatives. Three biotic constraints were identified: insect (51.18%), rodent (30.14%), and mold (15.38%). Three significant abiotic constraints were identified: humidity (44.6%), lack of hygiene (15.2%), and grain immaturity (10.2%). A comparative analysis reveals that the majority of these techniques and constraints exhibit notable differences between climatic zones, largely due to the influence of climatic variability. The aflatoxin B1 level exhibited considerable variation, ranging from 0 µg/kg to 2.07 ± 0.08 µg/kg DM. Of the analyzed stocks, 38% were found to be contaminated. Abiotic and biotic factors exert influence on sorghum stocks. Chemical agents are employed for their protection, and contamination by aflatoxin B1 is a further issue. However, the levels of contamination observed are not cause for concern.
文摘Objective: To study the quality of life of patients with knee OA with the questionnaire OAKHQOL (OsteoArthritis of Knee Hip Quality Of Life). Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study over a period of six months, in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. All patients met the clinical and radiological criteria of the ACR. The OAKHQOL questionnaire was used to investigate the quality of life of patients. Results: One hundred and six patients were included. There were 94 (88.7%) women and 12 (11.3%) men with a sex ratio of 0.12. The average age of patients was 55 ± 10.4 years. The average pain intensity was 55.1 ± 22.4. The majority of patients (69.8%) had stage 3 of Kellgren and Lawrence classification. The dimension “pain” had the lowest normalized score (60.6). There was a significant correlation between the age range of 30 to 40 years and declining mental health (49.5) . The patients with over 60 years of age had a decrease in pain tolerance and reduced social activities. Lequesne score was associated with severe all dimensions except “social support” of the patient. Conclusion: The knee has an impact on quality of life of patients followed in rheumatology by OAKHQOL questionnaire.
文摘Background: Infectious Diseases are responsible for nearly 17 million annual deaths worldwide. Burkina Faso, like the majority of poor countries, remains vulnerable to infectious diseases. The objective of the present study was to analyze the profile of inpatients, including the mortality and causes of death, in the Infectious Diseases Department of SourôSanou teaching hospital (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso). Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study based on medical records of all inpatients from 2011 to 2015. Results: We included 1169 patients. The gender ratio was 0.8. The age group 30 to 39 was more represented (30.2%) as well as housewives and farmers (73.7%). Over one-thirds of the patients (35.3%) were consulted within an average of 7 days. The most common reason for consultation was fever (65.1%). Around 62.0% of inpatients were infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Digestive diseases ranked first (21.8%) followed by nervous system disorders (19.4%) and tuberculosis (17.8%). Overall morbidity rate was 31.3%. About 42% were admitted to the emergency ward while 83.3% already arrived with poor health condition. And 82.1% of deaths occurred on pathological grounds of which 66.7% were related to HIV. Main causes of death included nervous system diseases (28.6%), tuberculosis (21.9%) and gastrointestinal diseases (18.3%). Conclusion: Infectious diseases remain a major public health issue. Further efforts are needed to improve their management in Burkina Faso.
文摘Four raw deposits clayey materials in Burkina Faso have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and ICP-AES to evaluate their suitability to be used as pozzolan in cement. The samples have been activated by thermal treatment at 730°C during 5 hours. The obtained metakaolin was investigated by means of complementary techniques for their use as pozzolan in building materials. Fineness, surface area and amorphousness of metakaolins were the dominant factors which influenced their pozzolan reactivity. The compressive strengths of blended specimens were slightly increased with metakaolins named MK1 and MK2 than the reference for the substitution of 20 - 25 wt%. This was due to the metakaolins’ pozzolan reactivity and their filler effects which promoted CSH formation and reduced pores in the specimens. MK1 and MK2 were suitable for replacement of Portland cement in the field of building materials.
文摘Introduction: Male urethral stricture is one of the oldest urological disorders. Many techniques have been proposed to treat them, including endoscopic internal urethrotomy (DVIU). Material and Methods: To evaluate the contribution of this technique in the treatment of urethra narrowing, a retrospective study on the records of patients with urethral stricture treated with endoscopic internal urethrotomy between January 2014 and December 2021 in the urology division of the Souro Sanou University Teaching Hospital. Results: A total of 44 male patients with urethral stricture were treated with this technique and 48 procedures were performed. The average age of the patients was 53.2 ± 18.2 years. The etiology of the stricture was dominated by iatrogenic, infectious, traumatic and idiopathic causes in 43.2% (n = 19), 27.3% (n = 12), 20.4 % (n = 9), and 9.1% (n = 4) respectively. The location of the stricture was bulbar in 72.7%, and the anterior penile urethra in 15.9%. The overall success rate was 72.7% with satisfactory urination without dysuria, evaluated after removal of the urinary catheter, at three months this rate fell to 69.1%, and at 6 months this rate was 67.5%. Five cases (5) of extravasation of blood or irrigation fluid into the scrotum were reported and managed conservatively as well as two (2) cases of false routes with postoperative oedema of the penis were observed. Conclusion: DVIU is a simple technique, free of major morbidity and requiring only short-term hospitalization. It can be proposed as a first-line treatment for urethral stricture.
文摘In this paper, we studied the seasonal behavior of the total electron content (TEC) during a part of solar cycle 24 ascending, maximum and decreasing phases at Koudougou station (Latitude: 12°15'09"N Longitude: 2°21'45"W). Response of TEC to solar recurrent events is presented. The highest values of the TEC in 2014, 2015 and 2016 were recorded on March and October, while in 2013 they were recorded on April and November, corresponding to equinox months. This observation shows that TEC values at the equinoxes are higher than those of solstices. Moreover, the monthly TEC varies in phase with the sunspots number showing a linear dependence of the TEC on solar activity. The ionospheric electron contents are generally very low both before noon and during the night, but quite high at noon and after noon. This pattern of TEC variation is due to the fluctuation of incident solar radiation on the Earth’s equatorial ionosphere. During quiet periods, the number of free electrons generated is lower than that generated during recurrent periods, which shows a positive contribution of recurrent activity to the level of the TEC. Investigations have also highlighted a winter anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry in TEC behavior at Koudougou station.
文摘Introduction: Despite the progress recorded at the level of transfusion safety in Côte d’Ivoire, much remains to be done, particularly at the level of the medical selection of blood donors. The objective of the study was to make an assessment of the pre-donation capillary hemoglobin dosage for the year 2020 of the fixed collection, of the Blood Transfusion Center of Yamoussoukro. Method: This is a retrospective study that took place at the Yamoussoukro Blood Transfusion Center. The data collection related to all old and new blood donors were deemed suitable for the fixed collection of the year 2020. The method chosen for the pre-donation control is that of the portable hemoglobinometer of the HémoCue<sup>®</sup> type, more precisely 201+. Results: Of the 1160 blood donors in the study, the pre-donation hemoglobin level was not measured in 787 (67.8%) subjects of either sex. Of the subjects who had a pre-donation hemoglobin level performed, 97 (26%) blood donors had a sub-standard hemoglobin level, including 15 females and 82 males. Conclusion: Pre-donation hemoglobin testing of blood donors is effective in Yamoussoukro. However, efforts must still be made to improve the quality of the blood collected and to protect blood donors.
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout are common diseases, but their coexistence is rare. We describe the case of a 76-year-old man with hypertension who had been treated for gout for 20 years on allopurinol and colchicine. He was seen in consultation for deforming polyarthritis of the small and large joints, which had been evolving for about 2 years. The acute episode occurred 10 days earlier with the onset of bilateral and symmetrical polyarthritis affecting the large and small joints. The physical examination revealed a peripheral joint syndrome with ulnar gale force deformities of the hands and several buttonhole deformities of the fingers. In addition, there were nodules, some of which were fistulised, giving rise to a chalky slurry. The biology revealed an inflammatory syndrome in addition to rheumatoid factors and ACPA, which were elevated. Biological analysis of the nodular fluid revealed clusters of sodium urate crystals and ultrasound scans of the joints revealed a double-contour appearance in several joints. The diagnosis of RA was made using the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. The patient was treated as an outpatient with corticosteroids before being put on methotrexate. It is important to understand that these two conditions can occur at the same time, so it is important to consider them when treating patients with gout or RA.
文摘Introduction: Cystostomy allows under certain circumstances deriving the urine. This is the most performed surgery in uro-andrological emergencies. Complications can occur. We aim to analyze the indications, technical aspects and complications of suprapubic cystostomies in the urological emergency unit at CHU-YO. Patients and Methods: Between October 2013 and May 2014 we conducted a prospective study of all patients who underwent suprapubic cystostomy. Results: 86 cases of cystostomy were noted or 77.5% of surgical procedures performed in uro-andrological emergency. All patients were male. The average age of patients was 52.5 years. The AUR represented 88.4% of indications. The prostate tumor represented 65.8% of the etiologies of AUR. The cystostomy was performed under local anesthesia in 87.2% of cases. Peritoneal gap was noted in 5.8%, parietal suppuration in 12.8%. A death by generalized acute peritonitis was noted in one case. Conclusion: Suprapubic cystostomy presents a non-negligible morbidity and mortality and must be mastered.
文摘Background: Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) has been claimed to treat various conditions, including complicated childbirth. The principal objective of this research was to provide scientific evidence on the contractile effect of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of the whole plant from A. hierochuntica during labor. Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods helped identify and quantify the phytoconstituents in both extracts. The antioxidant activity was studied using four standard methods (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO). Results: The inhibitory power of the extracts on pro-inflammatory enzymes such as 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> was determined. The contractile effects of the extracts were evaluated using isolated pregnant mice uteri. Steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and reduced compounds were identified in both extracts. The hydroethanolic extract exhibited higher content of hydrolyzable tannins (15.07 ± 0.24 mg tannic acid equivalent/g) than the aqueous decoction (11.8 ± 0.69 mg TAE/g). The extracts demonstrated the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals, reduce ferric ions, and inhibit especially lipid peroxidation. No significant difference was noted in the phospholipase inhibition between the extracts and betamethasone. The hydroethanolic extract displayed the most significant anti-lipoxygenase activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 55.82 ± 1.15 μg/mL. The lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of extracts was estimated to be superior to 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw). The ability of the samples to produce one cm amplitude of contraction at 50% effective concentrations (EC<sub>50</sub>) was 5.33 × 10<sup>−8</sup> ± 0.32 mg/mL for oxytocin, 1.51 ± 0.08 mg/mL for aqueous extract and 3.57 ± 0.61 mg/mL for hydroethanolic extract. Conclusion: These findings could provide evidence for using Anastatica hierochuntica to facilitate childbirth.
文摘Contamination by heavy metals of soil, water and agricultural products is currently a major problem of environmental pollution in the world. The consumption of plants contaminated with heavy metals can be the cause of diseases such as cancers, the number of cases of which is only growing. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) in plants from the vegetable farm of LOUMBILA and the assessment of health risks linked to the consumption of plants. In this paper, the concentration of heavy metal in vegetable was measured using the model AANALYST 200 flame atomic absorption spectrometer from PERKIN ELMER. The level of Zn in the vegetables from Loumbila vegetable farms ranged between 42.95 mg/kg and 78 mg/kg. The concentrations of Zn in the studies vegetables were higher than the permissible levels set by FAO/WHO (20 mg/kg). The concentration Pb in vegetables varied from 1.73 mg/kg to 27.02 mg/kg. All concentrations of Pb in vegetable were higher than the permissible levels set by FAO/WHO (0.3 mg/kg). Daily intake of Ni, Cr and Pb was higher than the MTDI, so consumption of vegetables from Loumbila vegetable farms can lead to health problems related to Ni, Cr and Pb. In vegetables from LOUMBILA, the estimated daily intake decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr. The Hazard index values for carrot, onion, lettuce, green bean and onion leaves were greater than (>) one (1) which indicates that there might be a potential health risk to those consuming these vegetables. The Target Cancer Risk (TCR) analysis also revealed the potential cancer risk induced by Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Pb due to the consumption of carrot, onion leaves, onion, lettuce, green bean, and bell pepper because their TCR values were above the threshold.
文摘Asphalt concrete pavements in hot and dry climates deteriorate prematurely some time after their construction. This degradation is accelerated under the effect of heavy vehicle traffic pressure and high temperatures after the bitumen has softened. A study was conducted on the RN1 in Burkina Faso in order to analyze the evolution of temperature and traffic in the process of degradation of asphalt concrete pavements. It consisted on the one hand in recording the temperatures at different points inside the layers of asphalt concrete pavements and the layer of laterite. These results were compared with the values of the softening temperatures of the bitumen obtained in the laboratory. On the other hand, this study is supplemented by the daily counting of heavy goods vehicles passing through the RN1 during the month of April in order to study the influence of the evolution of heavy goods vehicle traffic on the degradation of pavements in hot and dry climatic conditions. The results obtained for temperatures and the frequency of heavy goods vehicle traffic favor pavement deterioration under certain conditions.
