Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is an oncofetal glycoprotein that has been used as a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in combination with ultrasound and other imaging modalities.Its utility is limited because of bo...Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is an oncofetal glycoprotein that has been used as a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in combination with ultrasound and other imaging modalities.Its utility is limited because of both low sensitivity and specificity,and discrepancies among the different methods of measurements.Moreover,its accuracy varies according to patient characteristics and the AFP cut-off values used.Combination of AFP with novel biomarkers such as AFP-L3,Golgi specific membrane protein(GP73)and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin significantly improved its accuracy in detecting HCC.Increased AFP level could also signify severity of hepatic destruction and subsequent regeneration and is commonly observed in patients with acute and chronic liver conditions and cirrhosis.Hereditary and other non-hepatic disorders can also cause AFP elevation.展开更多
Particle breakage has a significant influence on the stress-strain and strength behavior of rockfill material.A breakage critical state theory(BCST)was proposed to describe the evolution of particle breakage.The break...Particle breakage has a significant influence on the stress-strain and strength behavior of rockfill material.A breakage critical state theory(BCST)was proposed to describe the evolution of particle breakage.The breakage critical state line in the breakage critical state theory was correlated with the breakage factor,which was fundamentally different from that of the original critical state theory.A simple elastoplastic constitutive model was developed for rockfill in the frame of BCST.An associated flow rule was adopted in this model.Isotropic,contractive and distortional hardening rules were suggested in view of the particle breakage.It was observed that the proposed model could well represent the complex deformation behaviors of rockfill material,such as the strain hardening,post-peak strain softening,volumetric contraction,volumetric expansion,and particle breakage under different initial confining pressures.展开更多
多壁碳纳米管采用H2SO4,KMnO4,HNO3氧化处理后用于铊吸附研究。碳纳米管经处理后表面官能团增加,采用Bohmn滴定法确定了样品的表面官能团的量。当用于吸附铊时,氧化处理显著提高了其吸附能力。采用Langmuir方程进行拟合处理后获得原始...多壁碳纳米管采用H2SO4,KMnO4,HNO3氧化处理后用于铊吸附研究。碳纳米管经处理后表面官能团增加,采用Bohmn滴定法确定了样品的表面官能团的量。当用于吸附铊时,氧化处理显著提高了其吸附能力。采用Langmuir方程进行拟合处理后获得原始碳纳米管、H2SO4,KMnO4,HNO3氧化处理后样品的吸附量分别为3.0,11.7,21.6 and 31.55mg/g。HNO3处理后具有对铊最佳的吸附性能。展开更多
This article outlines an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment. It consists of investigated wireless transformer structures with various ferrite forms. WPT technolog...This article outlines an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment. It consists of investigated wireless transformer structures with various ferrite forms. WPT technology has rapidly advanced in the last few years. At kilowatt power levels, the transmission distance grows from a few millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency greater than 90%. The improvements have made the WPT more appealing for electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both static and dynamic charging scenarios. Static and dynamic WEVCS, two of the main applications, are described, and current developments with features from research facilities, academic institutions, and businesses are noted. Additionally, forthcoming concepts based WEVCS are analyzed and examined, including “dynamic” wireless charging systems (WCS). A dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system, which can supply electricity to moving EVs, is one of the feasible alternatives. The moving secondary coil is part of the dynamic WPT system, which also comprises of many fixed groundside (primary) coils. An equivalent circuit between the stationary system and the dynamic WPT system that results from the stationary system is demonstrated by theoretical investigations. The dynamic WPT system’s solenoid coils outperform circular coils in terms of flux distribution and misalignment. The WPT-related EV wireless charging technologies were examined in this study. WPT can assist EVs in overcoming their restrictions on cost, range, and charging time.展开更多
Understanding urban-scale building emissions is crucial for achieving net-zero targets.This study examined embodied and operational emissions in Jakarta from 2010 to 2022 using the bottom-up Building Stock Model(BSM)a...Understanding urban-scale building emissions is crucial for achieving net-zero targets.This study examined embodied and operational emissions in Jakarta from 2010 to 2022 using the bottom-up Building Stock Model(BSM)and analyzed building stocks across seven categories:apartments,offices,malls,hotels,education facilities,hospitals,and landed houses.Carbon factors for construction materials,fuels,electricity,and cooking gas,along with occupancy rates,were included in the emissions calculations.The findings reveal consistent growth in apartments,malls,and offices,with operational emissions significantly decreasing after the 2015 green building regulations.Despite a declining share in Jakarta’s building stock,landed houses still account for over 40%of embodied and nearly 75%of operational emissions.With around 80%of the population preferring to live in landed houses,their impact on emissions remains substantial.In 2010,Jakarta’s building floor stock was 167 km2.Projections using simple linear regression suggest it could reach 268 km2 by 2050.Emission forecasts using the Prophet Forecasting Model(PFM)suggest that by 2050,building emissions could return to 2010 levels if stricter regulations are consistently enforced.The study underscores the necessity for continuous regulatory advancements and carbon offset initiatives to achieve net-zero emissions.展开更多
The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of SOFCs.This has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developi...The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of SOFCs.This has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of SOFCs.In this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this study.Both individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting risk.It is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–NCAL.Furthermore,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–NCAL.Our study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.展开更多
A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial con...A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the experts.The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this meeting.This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients.This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation.The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy.Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis.However,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection.Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging.The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification.Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence.The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions.Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage.Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.展开更多
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 O to syngas is an effective way for producing high value-added chemical feedstocks such as methanol and light olefins in industry.Nevertheless,the precise control of CO/H2 ratio...Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 O to syngas is an effective way for producing high value-added chemical feedstocks such as methanol and light olefins in industry.Nevertheless,the precise control of CO/H2 ratio from photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction still poses a great challenge for the further application.Herein,we prepared a series of highly efficient heterostructure based on highly dispersed palladium supported on ultrathin Co Al-layered double hydroxide(LDH).In conjunction with a Ru-complex sensitizer,the molar ratios of CO/H2 can be tuned from 1:0.74 to 1:3 under visible-light irradiation(λ>400 nm).More interestingly,the syngas can be obtained under light irradiation atλ>600 nm.Structure characterization and density functional theory calculations revealed that the remarkable catalytic activity can be due to the supported palladium,which improved the charge transfer efficiency.Meanwhile,more H atoms were used to generate H2 on the supported palladium for further tunable CO/H2 ratio.This work demonstrates a new strategy for harnessing abundant solar-energy to produce syngas from a CO2 feedstock.展开更多
Many constitutive models exist to characterise the cyclic behaviour of granular soils but can only simulate deformations for very limited cycles. Fractional derivatives have been regarded as one potential instrument f...Many constitutive models exist to characterise the cyclic behaviour of granular soils but can only simulate deformations for very limited cycles. Fractional derivatives have been regarded as one potential instrument for modelling memory-dependent phenomena. In this paper, the physical connection between the fractional derivative order and the fractal dimension of granular soils is investigated in detail. Then a modified elasto-plastic constitutive model is proposed for evaluating the long-term deformation of granular soils under cyclic loading by incorporating the concept of fac- tional calculus. To describe the flow direction of granular soils under cyclic loading, a cyclic flow potential consider- ing particle breakage is used. Test results of several types of granular soils are used to validate the model performance.展开更多
Extending the ionic conductivity is the pre-requisite of electrolytes in fuel cell technology for high-electrochemical performance.In this regard,the introduction of semiconductor-oxide materials and the approach of h...Extending the ionic conductivity is the pre-requisite of electrolytes in fuel cell technology for high-electrochemical performance.In this regard,the introduction of semiconductor-oxide materials and the approach of heterostructure formation by modulating energy bands to enhance ionic conduction acting as an electrolyte in fuel cell-device.Semiconductor(n-type;SnO_(2))plays a key role by introducing into p-type SrFe_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(SFT)semiconductor perovskite materials to construct p-n heterojunction for high ionic conductivity.Therefore,two different composites of SFT and SnO_(2)are constructed by gluing p-and n-type SFT-SnO_(2),where the optimal composition of SFT-SnO_(2)(6∶4)heterostructure electrolyte-based fuel cell achieved excellent ionic conductivity 0.24 S cm^(-1)with power-output of 1004 mW cm^(-2)and high OCV 1.12 V at a low operational temperature of 500℃.The high power-output and significant ionic conductivity with durable operation of 54 h are accredited to SFT-SnO_(2)heterojunction formation including interfacial conduction assisted by a built-in electric field in fuel cell device.Moreover,the fuel conversion efficiency and considerable Faradaic efficiency reveal the compatibility of SFT-SnO_(2)heterostructure electrolyte and ruled-out short-circuiting issue.Further,the first principle calculation provides sufficient information on structure optimization and energy-band structure modulation of SFT-SnO_(2).This strategy will provide new insight into semiconductor-based fuel cell technology to design novel electrolytes.展开更多
Asphalt pavements absorb and store more heat than natural surfaces. Thus, high temperatures are emitted from conventional asphalt pavements, subsequently releasing heat into the atmosphere and contributing to the urba...Asphalt pavements absorb and store more heat than natural surfaces. Thus, high temperatures are emitted from conventional asphalt pavements, subsequently releasing heat into the atmosphere and contributing to the urban heat island(UHI) phenomenon. Several cool pavement strategies, including the provision of additives and materials, surface coating and layer design, have been introduced to reduce the impact of UHI. This article provides a detailed review of the thermal properties of these mitigation measures in the context of cool asphalt pavements. The literature can be divided into three segments. The first segment discusses the impact of pavements on UHI and heat transfer mechanisms in pavements. The second segment focuses on various thermo physical properties that play an important role in mitigation measures;these properties include albedo(a), emissivity(e),solar reflective index, thermal conductivity(k), specific heat capacity(Cp) and thermal diffusivity. The third segment discusses cool asphalt pavement strategies which specifically cover the ability of the pavement to absorb and reflect solar energy on the basis of the materials and treatments used. The literature reveals that cooling strategies that deal with the pavement surface are important due to its direct incident solar effect, which depends on surface colour, material, shape and roughness. By using high-albedo and high-emissivity surfaces, the pavement can store less heat and lower the surface temperature. These results can also be achieved by designing the materials and pavement layers with low thermal conductivity and high specific heat capacity to reduce thermal diffusivity and pavement temperature and thus combat the heat radiated by the asphalt pavement.展开更多
In the modern age, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) becomes very popular everywhere for monitoring healthcare services remotely. However, the WBAN system has lagged in efficient power consumption till now. As WBAN is...In the modern age, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) becomes very popular everywhere for monitoring healthcare services remotely. However, the WBAN system has lagged in efficient power consumption till now. As WBAN is formed with several portable devices, low power consumption will ensure battery lifetime. In this paper, an analysis of Transmission Power Control (TPC) over WBAN has been conducted. A ZigBee based WBAN model with different network topologies and data rates has been proposed in the experiment. WBAN data-management technique has been proposed due to reducing more data transmission. Less data transmission reduces overall power consumption. The whole work has been done using OPNET and OMNET++ network simulators. Six sensor nodes have been used with a ZigBee coordinator in the simulation scenario where throughput, load, delay, data traffic, amount of power consumption, packet delivery ratio, etc. have been used as simulation parameters. TPC analysis indicates the power consumptions in different topologies, with different data rates. Several simulation scenarios were run and the results were analyzed in this paper.展开更多
Understanding the genetic mechanisms for cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is of significance in food Cd contamination control. In this study, a diverse panel of 132 wheat culti...Understanding the genetic mechanisms for cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is of significance in food Cd contamination control. In this study, a diverse panel of 132 wheat cultivars was collected from the North China Plain. The cultivars were evaluated in terms of their phenotypic variations in response to Cd stress and subjected to a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the phenotypic variations at the seedling stage. Significant phenotypic variations with high heritability were observed among the wheat cultivars exposed to 40 μmol L-1 Cd for the studied traits, including root length (RL), shoot length (SL), root and shoot dry biomasses (RDW and SDW, respectively), root and shoot Cd concentrations (RCD and SCD, respectively), and Cd translocation factor (TF). Mean RCD, SCD, and TF ranged from 1.0 to 33.8, 0.125 to 2.022, and 0.009 to 0.321 mg g-1, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that wheat cultivars with higher RL, SL, RDW, and SDW under Cd stress were able to accumulate more Cd in root, leading to a lower Cd TF. Mixed linear model-based association analysis detected 17 novel significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), four of which were significant at a genome-wide scale. Most of the significant MTAs controlled Cd TF and explained 17.17%–26.47% of the phenotypic variations. Some of the SNP loci were physically close to a reported Cd-related quantitative trait locus or gene on wheat chromosomes. Results of this study provided a list of wheat cultivars with the potential of low Cd accumulation and enriched our knowledge on the genetic basis of Cd uptake and translocation in wheat. Pyramiding breeding of superior alleles detected in this study may additionally reduce Cd accumulation of improved wheat cultivars with excellent agronomic traits.展开更多
In this paper,we study the nonparametric estimation of the second infinitesimal moment by using the reweighted Nadaraya-Watson (RNW) approach of the underlying jump diffusion model.We establish strong consistency and ...In this paper,we study the nonparametric estimation of the second infinitesimal moment by using the reweighted Nadaraya-Watson (RNW) approach of the underlying jump diffusion model.We establish strong consistency and asymptotic normality for the estimate of the second infinitesimal moment of continuous time models using the reweighted Nadaraya-Watson estimator to the true function.展开更多
The demand for a non-contact biometric approach for candidate identification has grown over the past ten years.Based on the most important biometric application,human gait analysis is a significant research topic in c...The demand for a non-contact biometric approach for candidate identification has grown over the past ten years.Based on the most important biometric application,human gait analysis is a significant research topic in computer vision.Researchers have paid a lot of attention to gait recognition,specifically the identification of people based on their walking patterns,due to its potential to correctly identify people far away.Gait recognition systems have been used in a variety of applications,including security,medical examinations,identity management,and access control.These systems require a complex combination of technical,operational,and definitional considerations.The employment of gait recognition techniques and technologies has produced a number of beneficial and well-liked applications.Thiswork proposes a novel deep learning-based framework for human gait classification in video sequences.This framework’smain challenge is improving the accuracy of accuracy gait classification under varying conditions,such as carrying a bag and changing clothes.The proposed method’s first step is selecting two pre-trained deep learningmodels and training fromscratch using deep transfer learning.Next,deepmodels have been trained using static hyperparameters;however,the learning rate is calculated using the particle swarmoptimization(PSO)algorithm.Then,the best features are selected from both trained models using the Harris Hawks controlled Sine-Cosine optimization algorithm.This algorithm chooses the best features,combined in a novel correlation-based fusion technique.Finally,the fused best features are categorized using medium,bi-layer,and tri-layered neural networks.On the publicly accessible dataset known as the CASIA-B dataset,the experimental process of the suggested technique was carried out,and an improved accuracy of 94.14% was achieved.The achieved accuracy of the proposed method is improved by the recent state-of-the-art techniques that show the significance of this work.展开更多
To model the cumulative deformation of granular soils under cyclic loading, a mathematical model was proposed. The power law connection between the shear strain and loading cycle was represented by using fractional de...To model the cumulative deformation of granular soils under cyclic loading, a mathematical model was proposed. The power law connection between the shear strain and loading cycle was represented by using fractional derivative approach. The volumetric strain was characterized by a modified cyclic flow rule which considered the effect of particle breakage. All model parameters were obtained by the cyclic and static triaxial tests. Predictions of the test results were provided to validate the proposed model. Comparison with an existing cumulative model was also made to show the advantage of the proposed model.展开更多
Due to the overwhelming characteristics of the Internet of Things(IoT)and its adoption in approximately every aspect of our lives,the concept of individual devices’privacy has gained prominent attention from both cus...Due to the overwhelming characteristics of the Internet of Things(IoT)and its adoption in approximately every aspect of our lives,the concept of individual devices’privacy has gained prominent attention from both customers,i.e.,people,and industries as wearable devices collect sensitive information about patients(both admitted and outdoor)in smart healthcare infrastructures.In addition to privacy,outliers or noise are among the crucial issues,which are directly correlated with IoT infrastructures,as most member devices are resource-limited and could generate or transmit false data that is required to be refined before processing,i.e.,transmitting.Therefore,the development of privacy-preserving information fusion techniques is highly encouraged,especially those designed for smart IoT-enabled domains.In this paper,we are going to present an effective hybrid approach that can refine raw data values captured by the respectivemember device before transmission while preserving its privacy through the utilization of the differential privacy technique in IoT infrastructures.Sliding window,i.e.,δi based dynamic programming methodology,is implemented at the device level to ensure precise and accurate detection of outliers or noisy data,and refine it prior to activation of the respective transmission activity.Additionally,an appropriate privacy budget has been selected,which is enough to ensure the privacy of every individualmodule,i.e.,a wearable device such as a smartwatch attached to the patient’s body.In contrast,the end module,i.e.,the server in this case,can extract important information with approximately the maximum level of accuracy.Moreover,refined data has been processed by adding an appropriate nose through the Laplace mechanism to make it useless or meaningless for the adversary modules in the IoT.The proposed hybrid approach is trusted from both the device’s privacy and the integrity of the transmitted information perspectives.Simulation and analytical results have proved that the proposed privacy-prese展开更多
Calotropisprocera(Cp)is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant attention for its potential anticancer properties.This review consolidates current research on the Cp bioactive compounds found in C...Calotropisprocera(Cp)is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant attention for its potential anticancer properties.This review consolidates current research on the Cp bioactive compounds found in Cp,including cardenolides,flavonoids,and terpenoids,which exhibit cytotoxic effects against various cancer cells.These compounds function through multiple mechanisms,such as inducing apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation,suppressing angiogenesis,and modulating oxidative stress.Preclinical studies demonstrate that Cp extracts effectively reduce tumor size and improve survival rates in animal models.Furthermore,Cp influences key signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and NF-κB,which contribute to its anticancer potential.Its therapeutic effects extend beyond oncology,encompassing,antinociceptive,anticonvulsant,antimalarial,anthelmintic,antioxidant,antidiabetic,myocardial infarction prevention,schizontocidal,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,larvicidal,immunomodulatory,antiulcer,Antifertility,antidiarrheal,estrogenic,and Dermatophytic properties.Despite the promising preclinical data,further investigation is necessary to address challenges such as bioavailability,toxicity,and the standardization of Cp-based treatments.This review highlights the therapeutic promise of Cp as a complementary anticancer agent while emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical trials to confirm its safety and efficacy.展开更多
Background:Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are public health threats globally and recognized impediments to socioeconomic development.This study aimed to identify the prevalence and clustering of NCDs risk factors among...Background:Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are public health threats globally and recognized impediments to socioeconomic development.This study aimed to identify the prevalence and clustering of NCDs risk factors among Bangladeshi men and women aged 20-59 years using nationally representative data.Methods:This study was conducted in 82 rural,nonslum urban,and slum clusters across all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling.A total of 4917 men and 4905 women aged 20-59 years were included in the study.Descriptive analyses were performed to report the prevalence and distribution of behavioral and clinical risk factors.Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the coexistence of three or more NCD risk factors.Results:The prevalence of tobacco use(any form),insufficient physical activity,inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption,overweight and obesity,and central obesity were 38.3%,13.6%,87.1%,42.3%,and 36.0%,respectively.Furthermore,21.9%and 4.9%participants had hypertension and self-reported diabetes,respectively.Regarding the clustering of risk factors,37.1%men and 50.8%women had at least three NCD risk factors.Only 3.0%men and 1.8%women reported no NCD risk factors.Age,place of residence,education,and wealth status were associated with the presence of at least three risk factors for both sexes.Conclusion:Since a large proportion of Bangladeshi 20-59 years old population had multiple risk factors,population-based programs with multisectoral approaches are essential to reduce NCDs among Bangladeshi women and men.展开更多
Bitcoin is currently the leading global provider of cryptocurrency.Cryptocurrency allows users to safely and anonymously use the Internet to perform digital currency transfers and storage.In recent years,the Bitcoin n...Bitcoin is currently the leading global provider of cryptocurrency.Cryptocurrency allows users to safely and anonymously use the Internet to perform digital currency transfers and storage.In recent years,the Bitcoin network has attracted investors,businesses,and corporations while facilitating services and product deals.Moreover,Bitcoin has made itself the dominant source of decentralized cryptocurrency.While considerable research has been done concerning Bitcoin network analysis,limited research has been conducted on predicting the Bitcoin price.The purpose of this study is to predict the price of Bitcoin and changes therein using the grey system theory.The first order grey model(GM(1,1))is used for this purpose.It uses a firstorder differential equation to model the trend of time series.The results show that the GM(1,1)model predicts Bitcoin’s price accurately and that one can earn a maximum profit confidence level of approximately 98%by choosing the appropriate time frame and by managing investment assets.展开更多
文摘Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is an oncofetal glycoprotein that has been used as a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in combination with ultrasound and other imaging modalities.Its utility is limited because of both low sensitivity and specificity,and discrepancies among the different methods of measurements.Moreover,its accuracy varies according to patient characteristics and the AFP cut-off values used.Combination of AFP with novel biomarkers such as AFP-L3,Golgi specific membrane protein(GP73)and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin significantly improved its accuracy in detecting HCC.Increased AFP level could also signify severity of hepatic destruction and subsequent regeneration and is commonly observed in patients with acute and chronic liver conditions and cirrhosis.Hereditary and other non-hepatic disorders can also cause AFP elevation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.106112015CDJXY200008)China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201306710022)
文摘Particle breakage has a significant influence on the stress-strain and strength behavior of rockfill material.A breakage critical state theory(BCST)was proposed to describe the evolution of particle breakage.The breakage critical state line in the breakage critical state theory was correlated with the breakage factor,which was fundamentally different from that of the original critical state theory.A simple elastoplastic constitutive model was developed for rockfill in the frame of BCST.An associated flow rule was adopted in this model.Isotropic,contractive and distortional hardening rules were suggested in view of the particle breakage.It was observed that the proposed model could well represent the complex deformation behaviors of rockfill material,such as the strain hardening,post-peak strain softening,volumetric contraction,volumetric expansion,and particle breakage under different initial confining pressures.
文摘多壁碳纳米管采用H2SO4,KMnO4,HNO3氧化处理后用于铊吸附研究。碳纳米管经处理后表面官能团增加,采用Bohmn滴定法确定了样品的表面官能团的量。当用于吸附铊时,氧化处理显著提高了其吸附能力。采用Langmuir方程进行拟合处理后获得原始碳纳米管、H2SO4,KMnO4,HNO3氧化处理后样品的吸附量分别为3.0,11.7,21.6 and 31.55mg/g。HNO3处理后具有对铊最佳的吸附性能。
文摘This article outlines an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment. It consists of investigated wireless transformer structures with various ferrite forms. WPT technology has rapidly advanced in the last few years. At kilowatt power levels, the transmission distance grows from a few millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency greater than 90%. The improvements have made the WPT more appealing for electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both static and dynamic charging scenarios. Static and dynamic WEVCS, two of the main applications, are described, and current developments with features from research facilities, academic institutions, and businesses are noted. Additionally, forthcoming concepts based WEVCS are analyzed and examined, including “dynamic” wireless charging systems (WCS). A dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system, which can supply electricity to moving EVs, is one of the feasible alternatives. The moving secondary coil is part of the dynamic WPT system, which also comprises of many fixed groundside (primary) coils. An equivalent circuit between the stationary system and the dynamic WPT system that results from the stationary system is demonstrated by theoretical investigations. The dynamic WPT system’s solenoid coils outperform circular coils in terms of flux distribution and misalignment. The WPT-related EV wireless charging technologies were examined in this study. WPT can assist EVs in overcoming their restrictions on cost, range, and charging time.
文摘Understanding urban-scale building emissions is crucial for achieving net-zero targets.This study examined embodied and operational emissions in Jakarta from 2010 to 2022 using the bottom-up Building Stock Model(BSM)and analyzed building stocks across seven categories:apartments,offices,malls,hotels,education facilities,hospitals,and landed houses.Carbon factors for construction materials,fuels,electricity,and cooking gas,along with occupancy rates,were included in the emissions calculations.The findings reveal consistent growth in apartments,malls,and offices,with operational emissions significantly decreasing after the 2015 green building regulations.Despite a declining share in Jakarta’s building stock,landed houses still account for over 40%of embodied and nearly 75%of operational emissions.With around 80%of the population preferring to live in landed houses,their impact on emissions remains substantial.In 2010,Jakarta’s building floor stock was 167 km2.Projections using simple linear regression suggest it could reach 268 km2 by 2050.Emission forecasts using the Prophet Forecasting Model(PFM)suggest that by 2050,building emissions could return to 2010 levels if stricter regulations are consistently enforced.The study underscores the necessity for continuous regulatory advancements and carbon offset initiatives to achieve net-zero emissions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)supported this work under Grant No.32250410309,11674086,51736006,and 51772080funding from Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.BE2022029Shenzhen University under Grant No.86902/000248 also supported part of this work.
文摘The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of SOFCs.This has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of SOFCs.In this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this study.Both individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting risk.It is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–NCAL.Furthermore,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–NCAL.Our study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.
文摘A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the experts.The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this meeting.This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients.This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation.The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy.Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis.However,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection.Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging.The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification.Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence.The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions.Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage.Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XK1802-6,XK1902,XK1803-05,12060093063,2312018RC07)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1707603,21878008,21625101,20190816)。
文摘Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 O to syngas is an effective way for producing high value-added chemical feedstocks such as methanol and light olefins in industry.Nevertheless,the precise control of CO/H2 ratio from photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction still poses a great challenge for the further application.Herein,we prepared a series of highly efficient heterostructure based on highly dispersed palladium supported on ultrathin Co Al-layered double hydroxide(LDH).In conjunction with a Ru-complex sensitizer,the molar ratios of CO/H2 can be tuned from 1:0.74 to 1:3 under visible-light irradiation(λ>400 nm).More interestingly,the syngas can be obtained under light irradiation atλ>600 nm.Structure characterization and density functional theory calculations revealed that the remarkable catalytic activity can be due to the supported palladium,which improved the charge transfer efficiency.Meanwhile,more H atoms were used to generate H2 on the supported palladium for further tunable CO/H2 ratio.This work demonstrates a new strategy for harnessing abundant solar-energy to produce syngas from a CO2 feedstock.
基金financial supports provided by the Fundamental Research Funds (Grant 106112015CDJXY200008)
文摘Many constitutive models exist to characterise the cyclic behaviour of granular soils but can only simulate deformations for very limited cycles. Fractional derivatives have been regarded as one potential instrument for modelling memory-dependent phenomena. In this paper, the physical connection between the fractional derivative order and the fractal dimension of granular soils is investigated in detail. Then a modified elasto-plastic constitutive model is proposed for evaluating the long-term deformation of granular soils under cyclic loading by incorporating the concept of fac- tional calculus. To describe the flow direction of granular soils under cyclic loading, a cyclic flow potential consider- ing particle breakage is used. Test results of several types of granular soils are used to validate the model performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32250410309 and 52105582)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022A1515010894 and 2022B0303040002)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Foundation of Shenzhen(JCYJ20210324095210030 and JCYJ20220818095810023)Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao S&T Program(Category C:SGDX20210823103200004)
文摘Extending the ionic conductivity is the pre-requisite of electrolytes in fuel cell technology for high-electrochemical performance.In this regard,the introduction of semiconductor-oxide materials and the approach of heterostructure formation by modulating energy bands to enhance ionic conduction acting as an electrolyte in fuel cell-device.Semiconductor(n-type;SnO_(2))plays a key role by introducing into p-type SrFe_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(SFT)semiconductor perovskite materials to construct p-n heterojunction for high ionic conductivity.Therefore,two different composites of SFT and SnO_(2)are constructed by gluing p-and n-type SFT-SnO_(2),where the optimal composition of SFT-SnO_(2)(6∶4)heterostructure electrolyte-based fuel cell achieved excellent ionic conductivity 0.24 S cm^(-1)with power-output of 1004 mW cm^(-2)and high OCV 1.12 V at a low operational temperature of 500℃.The high power-output and significant ionic conductivity with durable operation of 54 h are accredited to SFT-SnO_(2)heterojunction formation including interfacial conduction assisted by a built-in electric field in fuel cell device.Moreover,the fuel conversion efficiency and considerable Faradaic efficiency reveal the compatibility of SFT-SnO_(2)heterostructure electrolyte and ruled-out short-circuiting issue.Further,the first principle calculation provides sufficient information on structure optimization and energy-band structure modulation of SFT-SnO_(2).This strategy will provide new insight into semiconductor-based fuel cell technology to design novel electrolytes.
基金supported and funded by the Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia) under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/TK01/UTM/02/6)。
文摘Asphalt pavements absorb and store more heat than natural surfaces. Thus, high temperatures are emitted from conventional asphalt pavements, subsequently releasing heat into the atmosphere and contributing to the urban heat island(UHI) phenomenon. Several cool pavement strategies, including the provision of additives and materials, surface coating and layer design, have been introduced to reduce the impact of UHI. This article provides a detailed review of the thermal properties of these mitigation measures in the context of cool asphalt pavements. The literature can be divided into three segments. The first segment discusses the impact of pavements on UHI and heat transfer mechanisms in pavements. The second segment focuses on various thermo physical properties that play an important role in mitigation measures;these properties include albedo(a), emissivity(e),solar reflective index, thermal conductivity(k), specific heat capacity(Cp) and thermal diffusivity. The third segment discusses cool asphalt pavement strategies which specifically cover the ability of the pavement to absorb and reflect solar energy on the basis of the materials and treatments used. The literature reveals that cooling strategies that deal with the pavement surface are important due to its direct incident solar effect, which depends on surface colour, material, shape and roughness. By using high-albedo and high-emissivity surfaces, the pavement can store less heat and lower the surface temperature. These results can also be achieved by designing the materials and pavement layers with low thermal conductivity and high specific heat capacity to reduce thermal diffusivity and pavement temperature and thus combat the heat radiated by the asphalt pavement.
文摘In the modern age, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) becomes very popular everywhere for monitoring healthcare services remotely. However, the WBAN system has lagged in efficient power consumption till now. As WBAN is formed with several portable devices, low power consumption will ensure battery lifetime. In this paper, an analysis of Transmission Power Control (TPC) over WBAN has been conducted. A ZigBee based WBAN model with different network topologies and data rates has been proposed in the experiment. WBAN data-management technique has been proposed due to reducing more data transmission. Less data transmission reduces overall power consumption. The whole work has been done using OPNET and OMNET++ network simulators. Six sensor nodes have been used with a ZigBee coordinator in the simulation scenario where throughput, load, delay, data traffic, amount of power consumption, packet delivery ratio, etc. have been used as simulation parameters. TPC analysis indicates the power consumptions in different topologies, with different data rates. Several simulation scenarios were run and the results were analyzed in this paper.
基金supported by the Hebei Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(No.D2018503005)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0800306)the CAS Preside nfs In ternational Fellowship In itiative Fund(No.2018PB0084).
文摘Understanding the genetic mechanisms for cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is of significance in food Cd contamination control. In this study, a diverse panel of 132 wheat cultivars was collected from the North China Plain. The cultivars were evaluated in terms of their phenotypic variations in response to Cd stress and subjected to a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the phenotypic variations at the seedling stage. Significant phenotypic variations with high heritability were observed among the wheat cultivars exposed to 40 μmol L-1 Cd for the studied traits, including root length (RL), shoot length (SL), root and shoot dry biomasses (RDW and SDW, respectively), root and shoot Cd concentrations (RCD and SCD, respectively), and Cd translocation factor (TF). Mean RCD, SCD, and TF ranged from 1.0 to 33.8, 0.125 to 2.022, and 0.009 to 0.321 mg g-1, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that wheat cultivars with higher RL, SL, RDW, and SDW under Cd stress were able to accumulate more Cd in root, leading to a lower Cd TF. Mixed linear model-based association analysis detected 17 novel significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), four of which were significant at a genome-wide scale. Most of the significant MTAs controlled Cd TF and explained 17.17%–26.47% of the phenotypic variations. Some of the SNP loci were physically close to a reported Cd-related quantitative trait locus or gene on wheat chromosomes. Results of this study provided a list of wheat cultivars with the potential of low Cd accumulation and enriched our knowledge on the genetic basis of Cd uptake and translocation in wheat. Pyramiding breeding of superior alleles detected in this study may additionally reduce Cd accumulation of improved wheat cultivars with excellent agronomic traits.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10871177,11071213)Research Fund for the Doctor Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.20090101110020)
文摘In this paper,we study the nonparametric estimation of the second infinitesimal moment by using the reweighted Nadaraya-Watson (RNW) approach of the underlying jump diffusion model.We establish strong consistency and asymptotic normality for the estimate of the second infinitesimal moment of continuous time models using the reweighted Nadaraya-Watson estimator to the true function.
基金supported by the“Human Resources Program in Energy Technol-ogy”of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)and Granted Financial Resources from the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy,Republic of Korea(No.20204010600090)The funding of this work was provided by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2023R410),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The demand for a non-contact biometric approach for candidate identification has grown over the past ten years.Based on the most important biometric application,human gait analysis is a significant research topic in computer vision.Researchers have paid a lot of attention to gait recognition,specifically the identification of people based on their walking patterns,due to its potential to correctly identify people far away.Gait recognition systems have been used in a variety of applications,including security,medical examinations,identity management,and access control.These systems require a complex combination of technical,operational,and definitional considerations.The employment of gait recognition techniques and technologies has produced a number of beneficial and well-liked applications.Thiswork proposes a novel deep learning-based framework for human gait classification in video sequences.This framework’smain challenge is improving the accuracy of accuracy gait classification under varying conditions,such as carrying a bag and changing clothes.The proposed method’s first step is selecting two pre-trained deep learningmodels and training fromscratch using deep transfer learning.Next,deepmodels have been trained using static hyperparameters;however,the learning rate is calculated using the particle swarmoptimization(PSO)algorithm.Then,the best features are selected from both trained models using the Harris Hawks controlled Sine-Cosine optimization algorithm.This algorithm chooses the best features,combined in a novel correlation-based fusion technique.Finally,the fused best features are categorized using medium,bi-layer,and tri-layered neural networks.On the publicly accessible dataset known as the CASIA-B dataset,the experimental process of the suggested technique was carried out,and an improved accuracy of 94.14% was achieved.The achieved accuracy of the proposed method is improved by the recent state-of-the-art techniques that show the significance of this work.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51509024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.106112015CDJXY200008)
文摘To model the cumulative deformation of granular soils under cyclic loading, a mathematical model was proposed. The power law connection between the shear strain and loading cycle was represented by using fractional derivative approach. The volumetric strain was characterized by a modified cyclic flow rule which considered the effect of particle breakage. All model parameters were obtained by the cyclic and static triaxial tests. Predictions of the test results were provided to validate the proposed model. Comparison with an existing cumulative model was also made to show the advantage of the proposed model.
基金Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia under theResearch GrantLRGS/1/2019/UKM-UKM/5/2 and Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for financing this researcher through Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2024R235),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Due to the overwhelming characteristics of the Internet of Things(IoT)and its adoption in approximately every aspect of our lives,the concept of individual devices’privacy has gained prominent attention from both customers,i.e.,people,and industries as wearable devices collect sensitive information about patients(both admitted and outdoor)in smart healthcare infrastructures.In addition to privacy,outliers or noise are among the crucial issues,which are directly correlated with IoT infrastructures,as most member devices are resource-limited and could generate or transmit false data that is required to be refined before processing,i.e.,transmitting.Therefore,the development of privacy-preserving information fusion techniques is highly encouraged,especially those designed for smart IoT-enabled domains.In this paper,we are going to present an effective hybrid approach that can refine raw data values captured by the respectivemember device before transmission while preserving its privacy through the utilization of the differential privacy technique in IoT infrastructures.Sliding window,i.e.,δi based dynamic programming methodology,is implemented at the device level to ensure precise and accurate detection of outliers or noisy data,and refine it prior to activation of the respective transmission activity.Additionally,an appropriate privacy budget has been selected,which is enough to ensure the privacy of every individualmodule,i.e.,a wearable device such as a smartwatch attached to the patient’s body.In contrast,the end module,i.e.,the server in this case,can extract important information with approximately the maximum level of accuracy.Moreover,refined data has been processed by adding an appropriate nose through the Laplace mechanism to make it useless or meaningless for the adversary modules in the IoT.The proposed hybrid approach is trusted from both the device’s privacy and the integrity of the transmitted information perspectives.Simulation and analytical results have proved that the proposed privacy-prese
基金this manuscript sincerely acknowledge Central South University for their support through the postdoctoral research initiation grant(164990011).
文摘Calotropisprocera(Cp)is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant attention for its potential anticancer properties.This review consolidates current research on the Cp bioactive compounds found in Cp,including cardenolides,flavonoids,and terpenoids,which exhibit cytotoxic effects against various cancer cells.These compounds function through multiple mechanisms,such as inducing apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation,suppressing angiogenesis,and modulating oxidative stress.Preclinical studies demonstrate that Cp extracts effectively reduce tumor size and improve survival rates in animal models.Furthermore,Cp influences key signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and NF-κB,which contribute to its anticancer potential.Its therapeutic effects extend beyond oncology,encompassing,antinociceptive,anticonvulsant,antimalarial,anthelmintic,antioxidant,antidiabetic,myocardial infarction prevention,schizontocidal,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,larvicidal,immunomodulatory,antiulcer,Antifertility,antidiarrheal,estrogenic,and Dermatophytic properties.Despite the promising preclinical data,further investigation is necessary to address challenges such as bioavailability,toxicity,and the standardization of Cp-based treatments.This review highlights the therapeutic promise of Cp as a complementary anticancer agent while emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical trials to confirm its safety and efficacy.
基金The National Nutrition Services(NNS),Institute of Public Health Nutrition,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,Bangladesh,Grant/Award Numbers:Memo:45.165.032.01.00.003.2016-325Date:10-12-2017,45.165.032.01.00.003.2016-325+1 种基金National Institute for Health Research(NIHR),Grant/Award Number:16/136/68Wellcome Trust,Grant/Award Number:212945/Z/18/Z。
文摘Background:Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are public health threats globally and recognized impediments to socioeconomic development.This study aimed to identify the prevalence and clustering of NCDs risk factors among Bangladeshi men and women aged 20-59 years using nationally representative data.Methods:This study was conducted in 82 rural,nonslum urban,and slum clusters across all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling.A total of 4917 men and 4905 women aged 20-59 years were included in the study.Descriptive analyses were performed to report the prevalence and distribution of behavioral and clinical risk factors.Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the coexistence of three or more NCD risk factors.Results:The prevalence of tobacco use(any form),insufficient physical activity,inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption,overweight and obesity,and central obesity were 38.3%,13.6%,87.1%,42.3%,and 36.0%,respectively.Furthermore,21.9%and 4.9%participants had hypertension and self-reported diabetes,respectively.Regarding the clustering of risk factors,37.1%men and 50.8%women had at least three NCD risk factors.Only 3.0%men and 1.8%women reported no NCD risk factors.Age,place of residence,education,and wealth status were associated with the presence of at least three risk factors for both sexes.Conclusion:Since a large proportion of Bangladeshi 20-59 years old population had multiple risk factors,population-based programs with multisectoral approaches are essential to reduce NCDs among Bangladeshi women and men.
文摘Bitcoin is currently the leading global provider of cryptocurrency.Cryptocurrency allows users to safely and anonymously use the Internet to perform digital currency transfers and storage.In recent years,the Bitcoin network has attracted investors,businesses,and corporations while facilitating services and product deals.Moreover,Bitcoin has made itself the dominant source of decentralized cryptocurrency.While considerable research has been done concerning Bitcoin network analysis,limited research has been conducted on predicting the Bitcoin price.The purpose of this study is to predict the price of Bitcoin and changes therein using the grey system theory.The first order grey model(GM(1,1))is used for this purpose.It uses a firstorder differential equation to model the trend of time series.The results show that the GM(1,1)model predicts Bitcoin’s price accurately and that one can earn a maximum profit confidence level of approximately 98%by choosing the appropriate time frame and by managing investment assets.
