Titanium and its alloys have numerous biomedical applications thanks to the composition and morphology of their oxide film.In this study,the colorful oxide films were formed by anodizing cast Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb ...Titanium and its alloys have numerous biomedical applications thanks to the composition and morphology of their oxide film.In this study,the colorful oxide films were formed by anodizing cast Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys in a 10%oxalic acid solution for 30 s at different voltages(20–80 V)of a direct current power supply.Atomic force microscopy was used as an accurate tool to measure the surface roughness of thin films on the nanometer scale.Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to analyze surface morphology and phase structure.According to the results,the produced titanium oxide layer showed high surface roughness,which increased with increasing anodizing voltage.The impact of anodizing voltages on the color and roughness of anodized layers was surveyed.The corrosion resistance of the anodized samples was studied in simulated body fluid at pH 7.4 and a temperature of 37℃ utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the potentiodynamic polarization method.The anodized samples for both alloys at 40 V were at the optimal voltage,leading to a TiO_(2) layer formation with the best compromise between oxide thickness and corrosion resistance.Also,findings showed that TiO_(2) films produced on Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys had superior surface roughness properties compared to those of Ti-6Al-4V alloys,making them more appropriate for orthopedic applications.From the obtained data and the fruitful discussion,it was found that the utilized procedure is simple,low-cost,and repeatable.Therefore,anodization in 10%oxalic acid proved a viable alternative for the surface finishing of titanium alloys for biomedical applications.展开更多
An anodizing process, based on environmental friendly electrolyte solutions has been studied on AZ 91 magnesium alloys by using three types of electrolytes: the first is based on sodium silicate, the second on sodium ...An anodizing process, based on environmental friendly electrolyte solutions has been studied on AZ 91 magnesium alloys by using three types of electrolytes: the first is based on sodium silicate, the second on sodium hydroxide-boric acid-borax and the third on sodium silicate- potassium hydroxide-sodium carbonate-sodium tetra borate. A pretreatment including fluoride activation was applied before the anodizing process. It was found that the anodic film thickness increases as current density or anodizing voltage increases. It is also increased with deposition time until the deposition stops due to the formation of a thick anodic film. Optimization of the anodizing conditions - current density and deposition time- was made for each electrolyte. Characterization of anodizing layer was achieved by determination of surface morphology, microstructure, phase analysis, coat thickness, adhesion and corrosion resistance. In all cases, excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance was obtained. A corrosion efficiency ranging from 94% to 97% was reached;the highest value corresponding to the third electrolyte.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a complex autoimmune disease that can affect all systems of the body and characterized by presence of antiphospholipid antibodies that c...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a complex autoimmune disease that can affect all systems of the body and characterized by presence of antiphospholipid antibodies that cause vascular thrombosis and pregnancy complications, kidney involvement is very common in patients with antiphos- pholipid syndrome and leads to many serious complications. <strong>Objectives:</strong> study the effect of antiphospholipid syndrome on kidneys. <strong>Data Sources:</strong> By searching and reviewing Medline databases (Pub Med and Medscape) and all renal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome materials available till 2019. <strong>Study Selection:</strong> All studies were independently assessed for inclusion. They were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) published in English language;2) published in peer-reviewed journals;3) discussed the involvement of kidney in antiphospholipid syndrome. <strong>Data Extraction:</strong> Data from each eligible study were independently abstracted using a data collection form to capture information related to our concerned study outcomes. If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment includes if ethical approval is gained, eligibility criteria specified, adequate information and defined assessment measured. <strong>Data Synthesis:</strong> Structured review with the results tabulated was made for comparison. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> We can conclude that kidney affection in patients with antiphos- pholipid syndrome has a wide spectrum and variation.展开更多
Background: Cross-leg flaps for lower limb wound coverage have been replaced by free tissue transfer in the last two decades. However, there are certain difficult situations where the free flap cannot be employed and ...Background: Cross-leg flaps for lower limb wound coverage have been replaced by free tissue transfer in the last two decades. However, there are certain difficult situations where the free flap cannot be employed and alternative methods are needed. We describe our experience with cross-leg flap in 135 patients for the reconstruction of difficult leg defects in which no possible other options available for reconstruction of the defect. Materials and Methods: This study was carried upon one hundred thirty five patients suffering from leg and-or foot soft tissue injury. This study focused on the cases that need coverage of bone, tendons, and neurovascular bundle, while those that managed by local flap or split thickness graft were excluded. Results: All patients ambulate well after 5 - 10 days, except for 14 patients who had associated orthopedic problems as external fixation, or other fractures. Cosmetic outcome were excellent in all patients, but 3 patient’s mothers complaint of bulky flap, and for them liposuction was done with postoperative satisfaction. 2 cases complaint of early donnar sit graft, but later on they were satisfied. Conclusion: Cross-leg flap offers the possibil- ity of salvaging limbs that are otherwise nonreconstructable.展开更多
Objective: Evaluation of the effect of Ringer Lactate, as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula, on restoring the levels of body electrolytes and proteins. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Se...Objective: Evaluation of the effect of Ringer Lactate, as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula, on restoring the levels of body electrolytes and proteins. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: The National Burns Unit, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Patients: One hundred and fifteen patients admitted with fresh burns between 1st of January 2011 and 31st of December 2013, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods: Team collected demographic and clinical data for each patient using a standard form. Patients received Ringer Lactate solely as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula. Baseline (pre-) and third-day (post-) variables included levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, proteins, and albumin. Researchers then performed paired comparisons of serum electrolytes and protein levels. Results: Mean values showed maintenance of the potassium and chloride levels within the normal range after administering the Ringer Lactate, significant decline in sodium, and a marked hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia post-resuscitation. Conclusions: Ringer Lactate used as the mere resuscitative post burn fluid is suboptimal. Sodium supplementation may be required to correct hyponatremia. Colloids, preferably intravenous albumin should be added, as advised by the original Parkland Formula.展开更多
Background: Although reduction mammaplasty is a well-known technique for cosmetic purposes, there are few previous reports regarding its application and clinical outcome following conservative breast surgery reconstru...Background: Although reduction mammaplasty is a well-known technique for cosmetic purposes, there are few previous reports regarding its application and clinical outcome following conservative breast surgery reconstruction. Mammaplasty combined with breast conservation surgery is an effective treatment of early breast cancer, and leads to better overall results and superior quality of life in patients with previous macromastia or ptosis. Our aim is to analyze both the aesthetic and oncologic outcome of reduction mammaplasty combined with conservative breast surgery reconstruction. Patient and Methods: 25 patients with stage 1 or 2 breast cancer, with a tumor size not more than 3 cmin its greatest dimension, were operated upon by quadrantectomy, and bilateral reduction mammaplasty. Oncologic data on tumor size, location, and axillary lymph node, were assessed, and accordingly the design of the pedicle was chosen. Reconstructed breast and opposite breast reduction were evaluated. Results: Of the total 50 breast reductions techniques, 35 (70 percent) were superomedial pedicle, 4 (8 percent) were superior, 3 (6 percent) were superolateral, and 8 (16 percent) were inferior. The cosmetic result was considered to be good or very good in 18 cases, satisfactory in 6 cases, and poor in 1 case. There were no other complications as regard nipple areola ischemia, heamatoma, seroma, wound problems, fat necrosis, or recurrence in any of the cases. Conclusion: By adding breast reduction and other plastic surgery techniques to breast conservation, patients have the opportunity for an improved cosmetic outcome and overall improved quality of life. Although the combined approach between the oncologic surgeon and the plastic surgeon requires more preoperative planning and intraoperative care, the concept can reduce deformities, favor the oncologic treatment, and optimize the aesthetic outcome in most early-stage cancer patients.展开更多
基金funding provided by The Science,Technology&Innovation Funding Authority(STDF)in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank(EKB)。
文摘Titanium and its alloys have numerous biomedical applications thanks to the composition and morphology of their oxide film.In this study,the colorful oxide films were formed by anodizing cast Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys in a 10%oxalic acid solution for 30 s at different voltages(20–80 V)of a direct current power supply.Atomic force microscopy was used as an accurate tool to measure the surface roughness of thin films on the nanometer scale.Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to analyze surface morphology and phase structure.According to the results,the produced titanium oxide layer showed high surface roughness,which increased with increasing anodizing voltage.The impact of anodizing voltages on the color and roughness of anodized layers was surveyed.The corrosion resistance of the anodized samples was studied in simulated body fluid at pH 7.4 and a temperature of 37℃ utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the potentiodynamic polarization method.The anodized samples for both alloys at 40 V were at the optimal voltage,leading to a TiO_(2) layer formation with the best compromise between oxide thickness and corrosion resistance.Also,findings showed that TiO_(2) films produced on Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys had superior surface roughness properties compared to those of Ti-6Al-4V alloys,making them more appropriate for orthopedic applications.From the obtained data and the fruitful discussion,it was found that the utilized procedure is simple,low-cost,and repeatable.Therefore,anodization in 10%oxalic acid proved a viable alternative for the surface finishing of titanium alloys for biomedical applications.
文摘An anodizing process, based on environmental friendly electrolyte solutions has been studied on AZ 91 magnesium alloys by using three types of electrolytes: the first is based on sodium silicate, the second on sodium hydroxide-boric acid-borax and the third on sodium silicate- potassium hydroxide-sodium carbonate-sodium tetra borate. A pretreatment including fluoride activation was applied before the anodizing process. It was found that the anodic film thickness increases as current density or anodizing voltage increases. It is also increased with deposition time until the deposition stops due to the formation of a thick anodic film. Optimization of the anodizing conditions - current density and deposition time- was made for each electrolyte. Characterization of anodizing layer was achieved by determination of surface morphology, microstructure, phase analysis, coat thickness, adhesion and corrosion resistance. In all cases, excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance was obtained. A corrosion efficiency ranging from 94% to 97% was reached;the highest value corresponding to the third electrolyte.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a complex autoimmune disease that can affect all systems of the body and characterized by presence of antiphospholipid antibodies that cause vascular thrombosis and pregnancy complications, kidney involvement is very common in patients with antiphos- pholipid syndrome and leads to many serious complications. <strong>Objectives:</strong> study the effect of antiphospholipid syndrome on kidneys. <strong>Data Sources:</strong> By searching and reviewing Medline databases (Pub Med and Medscape) and all renal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome materials available till 2019. <strong>Study Selection:</strong> All studies were independently assessed for inclusion. They were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) published in English language;2) published in peer-reviewed journals;3) discussed the involvement of kidney in antiphospholipid syndrome. <strong>Data Extraction:</strong> Data from each eligible study were independently abstracted using a data collection form to capture information related to our concerned study outcomes. If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment includes if ethical approval is gained, eligibility criteria specified, adequate information and defined assessment measured. <strong>Data Synthesis:</strong> Structured review with the results tabulated was made for comparison. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> We can conclude that kidney affection in patients with antiphos- pholipid syndrome has a wide spectrum and variation.
文摘Background: Cross-leg flaps for lower limb wound coverage have been replaced by free tissue transfer in the last two decades. However, there are certain difficult situations where the free flap cannot be employed and alternative methods are needed. We describe our experience with cross-leg flap in 135 patients for the reconstruction of difficult leg defects in which no possible other options available for reconstruction of the defect. Materials and Methods: This study was carried upon one hundred thirty five patients suffering from leg and-or foot soft tissue injury. This study focused on the cases that need coverage of bone, tendons, and neurovascular bundle, while those that managed by local flap or split thickness graft were excluded. Results: All patients ambulate well after 5 - 10 days, except for 14 patients who had associated orthopedic problems as external fixation, or other fractures. Cosmetic outcome were excellent in all patients, but 3 patient’s mothers complaint of bulky flap, and for them liposuction was done with postoperative satisfaction. 2 cases complaint of early donnar sit graft, but later on they were satisfied. Conclusion: Cross-leg flap offers the possibil- ity of salvaging limbs that are otherwise nonreconstructable.
文摘Objective: Evaluation of the effect of Ringer Lactate, as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula, on restoring the levels of body electrolytes and proteins. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: The National Burns Unit, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Patients: One hundred and fifteen patients admitted with fresh burns between 1st of January 2011 and 31st of December 2013, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods: Team collected demographic and clinical data for each patient using a standard form. Patients received Ringer Lactate solely as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula. Baseline (pre-) and third-day (post-) variables included levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, proteins, and albumin. Researchers then performed paired comparisons of serum electrolytes and protein levels. Results: Mean values showed maintenance of the potassium and chloride levels within the normal range after administering the Ringer Lactate, significant decline in sodium, and a marked hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia post-resuscitation. Conclusions: Ringer Lactate used as the mere resuscitative post burn fluid is suboptimal. Sodium supplementation may be required to correct hyponatremia. Colloids, preferably intravenous albumin should be added, as advised by the original Parkland Formula.
文摘Background: Although reduction mammaplasty is a well-known technique for cosmetic purposes, there are few previous reports regarding its application and clinical outcome following conservative breast surgery reconstruction. Mammaplasty combined with breast conservation surgery is an effective treatment of early breast cancer, and leads to better overall results and superior quality of life in patients with previous macromastia or ptosis. Our aim is to analyze both the aesthetic and oncologic outcome of reduction mammaplasty combined with conservative breast surgery reconstruction. Patient and Methods: 25 patients with stage 1 or 2 breast cancer, with a tumor size not more than 3 cmin its greatest dimension, were operated upon by quadrantectomy, and bilateral reduction mammaplasty. Oncologic data on tumor size, location, and axillary lymph node, were assessed, and accordingly the design of the pedicle was chosen. Reconstructed breast and opposite breast reduction were evaluated. Results: Of the total 50 breast reductions techniques, 35 (70 percent) were superomedial pedicle, 4 (8 percent) were superior, 3 (6 percent) were superolateral, and 8 (16 percent) were inferior. The cosmetic result was considered to be good or very good in 18 cases, satisfactory in 6 cases, and poor in 1 case. There were no other complications as regard nipple areola ischemia, heamatoma, seroma, wound problems, fat necrosis, or recurrence in any of the cases. Conclusion: By adding breast reduction and other plastic surgery techniques to breast conservation, patients have the opportunity for an improved cosmetic outcome and overall improved quality of life. Although the combined approach between the oncologic surgeon and the plastic surgeon requires more preoperative planning and intraoperative care, the concept can reduce deformities, favor the oncologic treatment, and optimize the aesthetic outcome in most early-stage cancer patients.
