Background:Repair of proximal hypospadias remains a challenge with no consensus on the best surgical approach.Several reports have shown recurrence of chordee after plate-preserving techniques.In this report,we presen...Background:Repair of proximal hypospadias remains a challenge with no consensus on the best surgical approach.Several reports have shown recurrence of chordee after plate-preserving techniques.In this report,we present our experience in managing cases who presented with persistent/recurrence of chordee after tubularized incised plate(TIP)repair for proximal hypospadias.Methods:Between 2015 and 2023,the study included eight patients who presented with ventral penile curvature after previous hypospadias repair in infancy(TIP urethroplasty).Reoperation to correct persistent ventral curvature was performed several years after the primary TIP repair(3-15 years;mean 7.9 years;median 7.5 years).The reoperation was a two-stage procedure:the first stage comprised transection of the urethra and grafting(lower lip mucosal graft);the second stage(6 months later)was a Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty.Results:Complications included poor taking of the graft after the first stage in one case(12.5%),which was regrafted using buccal(cheek)mucosa.Complications after second stage included urethro-cutaneous fistulae in five(62.5%)that were successfully surgically treated at a later stage.Follow-up after second stage ranged between 6 months and 7 years(mean 2.4 years;median 1 year).Satisfaction with reoperation to correct penile curvature was noted by parents as well as older children(adolescents)who appreciated better cosmesis by increasing ventral penile length and improved curvature.Conclusion:Preservation of the urethral plate in proximal hypospadias may result in shortened penile length,mostly on the ventral aspect.A two-stage reoperation to increase the length of the penile urethra can successfully reverse this complication.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> This paper aims to examine published articles between January 2008 and January 2019 on the different palatal surgeries performed on OSA patients and the treatment outcomes, whi...<strong>Background:</strong> This paper aims to examine published articles between January 2008 and January 2019 on the different palatal surgeries performed on OSA patients and the treatment outcomes, which in turn will be used to determine the effectiveness of various palatal surgical techniques in treating OSAS and the most effective of the palatal surgical techniques in treating OSAS. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> The current review followed the guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statement 2009 (PRISMA). The quality of relevant studies was assessed using NIH quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies as well as NIH tool for quality assessment for case series studies. <strong>Results:</strong> Meta-analyses of relevant studies showed that the surgical technique that achieved the best reduction on AHI (Apnea/Hypopnea Index) was the lateral pharyngoplasty followed by the Anterior Palatoplasty, with a significant mean reduction of [(SMD = −0.848, 95% CI (−1.209 - −0.487), p-value < 0.001) and (SMD = −0.864, 95% CI (−1.234 - −0.494), p-value < 0.001), respectively]. The technique responsible for the best improvement in Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) was the Relocation Pharyngoplasty, with a significant mean reduction of [SMD = −0.998, 95% CI (−1.253 - −0.743), p-value < 0.001]. Minimal O2 saturation level improved most with the Expansion Sphincter Pharyngoplasty, with a significant mean reduction of [SMD = 1.011, 95% CI (0.581 - 1.440), p-value < 0.001]. The surgical procedure that results in the best post-operative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was Z-Palatoplasty, with a significant mean reduction of [SMD = −1.551, 95% CI (−2.049 - −1.052), p-value < 0.001]. Soft palate length changes with a significant mean reduction of [SMD = −2.219, 95% CI (−2.730 - −1.708), p-value < 0.001]. Finally, meta-analyses of relevant studies showed that expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty achieved the overall highest su展开更多
This The mineral potential in Egypt is quite high. Almost all sorts of industrial minerals such as metallic and non-metallic commodities exist in commercial amounts. However, Egypt imports many of the mineral commodit...This The mineral potential in Egypt is quite high. Almost all sorts of industrial minerals such as metallic and non-metallic commodities exist in commercial amounts. However, Egypt imports many of the mineral commodities needed for the local mineral industries. The main reason for this is that the investors, either the governmental or the private sectors, refrain from investing into the mineral industry for prospecting, evaluation, and developing the mining and mineral processing technologies. This is because the return on investment in the mining industry is generally low and the pay back period is relatively long compared with easy-to-get money projects. Another reason is the disarray of the mining laws and regulations and lack of administrative capability to deal with domestic and international investors and solve the related problems. Also, lack of skilled personnel in the field of mining and mineral processing is an additional factor for the set back of the mining industry in Egypt. This is why the mining technology in Egypt is not very far from being primitive and extremely simple, with the exception of the underground mining of coal, North of Sinai, and Abu-Tartur phosphate mining, where fully automated long wall operations are designed. Also, the recent gold and tin-tantalum-niobium projects are being designed on modern surface mining and mineral processing technologies. The present review presents an overview of the most important metallic mineral commodities in Egypt, their geological background, reserves and production rates. A brief mention of the existing technologies for their exploitation is also highlighted.展开更多
Increasing production effeciency and lowering costs are some of the many advantages melt crystallization technology offers over the conventional methodology of tabletting. A normal tablet consists of a pure shell or a...Increasing production effeciency and lowering costs are some of the many advantages melt crystallization technology offers over the conventional methodology of tabletting. A normal tablet consists of a pure shell or a coat and a separate core constituting the pharmaceutical active ingredient. Great emphasis is put on the purity of the shell since its purpose is to solely protect and deliver the active ingredient to its target. Melt crystallization is a purification （separation） process. It is discussed here for its ability to produce coated tablets, by separating the ＂coating＂ material from the ＂to be coated＂ material coming from one molten mixture. Molten drops of lutrol-ibuprofen mixture are produced using the drop forming technique. The subsequent analysis involves proving and quantifying the phase separation （coat purity）. The mechanism of a crystallizing drop is shown as direct evidence of the ongoing process. Moreover, solidified tablet batches are analyzed for the purity of their coating by measuring the ibuprofen concentration. This optimization process is carried out through multiple stages of development and condition enhancements in order to produce the most pure tablet coating. As a result, a trial showing an almost purely coated tablet is presented here.展开更多
In this work we calibrated the NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors (5.08 × 5.08 cm2 and 7.62 × 7.62 cm2) and the Full Energy Peak Efficiency (FEPE) for these detectors have been calculated for point sources plac...In this work we calibrated the NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors (5.08 × 5.08 cm2 and 7.62 × 7.62 cm2) and the Full Energy Peak Efficiency (FEPE) for these detectors have been calculated for point sources placed at different positions on the detector axis using the analytical approach of the effective solid angle ratio. This approach is based on the direct mathematical method reported by Selim and Abbas [1,2] and has been used successfully before to calibrate the cylindrical, parallelepiped, and 4π NaI(Tl) detectors by using point, plane and volumetric sources. In addition, the present method is free of some major inconveniences of the conventional methods.展开更多
Objective To define the relationship between the use of progestogen-only contracep- tion and the occurrence of abnormal cervical cytology and cervical intraepithelial lesion. Methods The present study was designed as ...Objective To define the relationship between the use of progestogen-only contracep- tion and the occurrence of abnormal cervical cytology and cervical intraepithelial lesion. Methods The present study was designed as a case-control study including 200 progestogen-only contraceptive （POC） users recruited as cases （group A） and 50 women who were non-hormonal contraceptive users as a control group （group B）. Positive Papanicolau （Pap） smear was reported in cervical cell abnormalities from atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance （ASCUS） to invasive cancer. Pap smear was evaluated according to the Bethesda system classification 2001. Cases with posi- tive Pap smears were subjected to visual inspection of the cervix with 5.0% acetic acid （VIA test） and punch biopsy. Results Statistical analysis of Pap smear results in this study showed epithelial cell abnormalities in 44 cases （22.0%） in group A and 9 cases （18.0%） in group B showing no statistically significant difference （P〉O. 05）. ASCUS abnormality was reported in 31 cases （15.5%） of group A and 6 cases of group B （12.0%）. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion （LSIL） was found in 11 cases （5.5%） and 3 cases （6.0%） of group A and group B, respectively. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion （HSIL） was found in 2 cases （1.0%） of group A and none of group B. The incidence of abnormal Pap smears in group A did not greatly vary between different methods of POCs. Among Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate （DMPA） users, ASCUS was found in 17 cases （16.8%）, LSIL was found in 11 cases （10.8%） and HSIL was found in 2 cases （1.9%）. While in progesterone-only pills （POPs） users and Implanon~ users, ASCUS was found in 10 cases （12.8%） and 4 cases （20.0%） respectively with no higher epithelial abnormalities found. Levonorgestrel intrauterine device （LNG-IUD） was used by 1 case in group A and was not associated with Pap smear abnormality. Cases with ASCUS abnormality w展开更多
Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe ...Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe yield reduction of many important crops. There are only very few herbicides which are able to selectively control broomrapes and different approaches have been put forward to develop natural product based pesticides to control Orobanche. Several phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their use as potential mycoherbicide and for ability to produce toxic metabolites which could be applied as herbicides. Using the alternative approach ＂suicidal germination＂, interesting results were obtained by testing two microbial metabolites （fusicoccins and ophiobolin A） especially with Orobanche species whose germination is not induced by the synthetic strigolactone GR24. From pea root exudates, peagol and peagoldione, close related to strigolactones, and three polyphenols, named peapolyphenols A-C, together with already well known polyphenol and a chalcone, were isolated. They showed a selective stimulation of Orobanche seed germination with the last two and peapolyphenol A showing a specific stimulatory activity on O. foetida. This review describes the most recent results achieved on Orobanche bio-control, mainly focusing on those regarding O. ramosa, O. crenata and O. foetida.展开更多
文摘Background:Repair of proximal hypospadias remains a challenge with no consensus on the best surgical approach.Several reports have shown recurrence of chordee after plate-preserving techniques.In this report,we present our experience in managing cases who presented with persistent/recurrence of chordee after tubularized incised plate(TIP)repair for proximal hypospadias.Methods:Between 2015 and 2023,the study included eight patients who presented with ventral penile curvature after previous hypospadias repair in infancy(TIP urethroplasty).Reoperation to correct persistent ventral curvature was performed several years after the primary TIP repair(3-15 years;mean 7.9 years;median 7.5 years).The reoperation was a two-stage procedure:the first stage comprised transection of the urethra and grafting(lower lip mucosal graft);the second stage(6 months later)was a Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty.Results:Complications included poor taking of the graft after the first stage in one case(12.5%),which was regrafted using buccal(cheek)mucosa.Complications after second stage included urethro-cutaneous fistulae in five(62.5%)that were successfully surgically treated at a later stage.Follow-up after second stage ranged between 6 months and 7 years(mean 2.4 years;median 1 year).Satisfaction with reoperation to correct penile curvature was noted by parents as well as older children(adolescents)who appreciated better cosmesis by increasing ventral penile length and improved curvature.Conclusion:Preservation of the urethral plate in proximal hypospadias may result in shortened penile length,mostly on the ventral aspect.A two-stage reoperation to increase the length of the penile urethra can successfully reverse this complication.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> This paper aims to examine published articles between January 2008 and January 2019 on the different palatal surgeries performed on OSA patients and the treatment outcomes, which in turn will be used to determine the effectiveness of various palatal surgical techniques in treating OSAS and the most effective of the palatal surgical techniques in treating OSAS. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> The current review followed the guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statement 2009 (PRISMA). The quality of relevant studies was assessed using NIH quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies as well as NIH tool for quality assessment for case series studies. <strong>Results:</strong> Meta-analyses of relevant studies showed that the surgical technique that achieved the best reduction on AHI (Apnea/Hypopnea Index) was the lateral pharyngoplasty followed by the Anterior Palatoplasty, with a significant mean reduction of [(SMD = −0.848, 95% CI (−1.209 - −0.487), p-value < 0.001) and (SMD = −0.864, 95% CI (−1.234 - −0.494), p-value < 0.001), respectively]. The technique responsible for the best improvement in Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) was the Relocation Pharyngoplasty, with a significant mean reduction of [SMD = −0.998, 95% CI (−1.253 - −0.743), p-value < 0.001]. Minimal O2 saturation level improved most with the Expansion Sphincter Pharyngoplasty, with a significant mean reduction of [SMD = 1.011, 95% CI (0.581 - 1.440), p-value < 0.001]. The surgical procedure that results in the best post-operative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was Z-Palatoplasty, with a significant mean reduction of [SMD = −1.551, 95% CI (−2.049 - −1.052), p-value < 0.001]. Soft palate length changes with a significant mean reduction of [SMD = −2.219, 95% CI (−2.730 - −1.708), p-value < 0.001]. Finally, meta-analyses of relevant studies showed that expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty achieved the overall highest su
文摘This The mineral potential in Egypt is quite high. Almost all sorts of industrial minerals such as metallic and non-metallic commodities exist in commercial amounts. However, Egypt imports many of the mineral commodities needed for the local mineral industries. The main reason for this is that the investors, either the governmental or the private sectors, refrain from investing into the mineral industry for prospecting, evaluation, and developing the mining and mineral processing technologies. This is because the return on investment in the mining industry is generally low and the pay back period is relatively long compared with easy-to-get money projects. Another reason is the disarray of the mining laws and regulations and lack of administrative capability to deal with domestic and international investors and solve the related problems. Also, lack of skilled personnel in the field of mining and mineral processing is an additional factor for the set back of the mining industry in Egypt. This is why the mining technology in Egypt is not very far from being primitive and extremely simple, with the exception of the underground mining of coal, North of Sinai, and Abu-Tartur phosphate mining, where fully automated long wall operations are designed. Also, the recent gold and tin-tantalum-niobium projects are being designed on modern surface mining and mineral processing technologies. The present review presents an overview of the most important metallic mineral commodities in Egypt, their geological background, reserves and production rates. A brief mention of the existing technologies for their exploitation is also highlighted.
文摘Increasing production effeciency and lowering costs are some of the many advantages melt crystallization technology offers over the conventional methodology of tabletting. A normal tablet consists of a pure shell or a coat and a separate core constituting the pharmaceutical active ingredient. Great emphasis is put on the purity of the shell since its purpose is to solely protect and deliver the active ingredient to its target. Melt crystallization is a purification （separation） process. It is discussed here for its ability to produce coated tablets, by separating the ＂coating＂ material from the ＂to be coated＂ material coming from one molten mixture. Molten drops of lutrol-ibuprofen mixture are produced using the drop forming technique. The subsequent analysis involves proving and quantifying the phase separation （coat purity）. The mechanism of a crystallizing drop is shown as direct evidence of the ongoing process. Moreover, solidified tablet batches are analyzed for the purity of their coating by measuring the ibuprofen concentration. This optimization process is carried out through multiple stages of development and condition enhancements in order to produce the most pure tablet coating. As a result, a trial showing an almost purely coated tablet is presented here.
文摘In this work we calibrated the NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors (5.08 × 5.08 cm2 and 7.62 × 7.62 cm2) and the Full Energy Peak Efficiency (FEPE) for these detectors have been calculated for point sources placed at different positions on the detector axis using the analytical approach of the effective solid angle ratio. This approach is based on the direct mathematical method reported by Selim and Abbas [1,2] and has been used successfully before to calibrate the cylindrical, parallelepiped, and 4π NaI(Tl) detectors by using point, plane and volumetric sources. In addition, the present method is free of some major inconveniences of the conventional methods.
文摘Objective To define the relationship between the use of progestogen-only contracep- tion and the occurrence of abnormal cervical cytology and cervical intraepithelial lesion. Methods The present study was designed as a case-control study including 200 progestogen-only contraceptive （POC） users recruited as cases （group A） and 50 women who were non-hormonal contraceptive users as a control group （group B）. Positive Papanicolau （Pap） smear was reported in cervical cell abnormalities from atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance （ASCUS） to invasive cancer. Pap smear was evaluated according to the Bethesda system classification 2001. Cases with posi- tive Pap smears were subjected to visual inspection of the cervix with 5.0% acetic acid （VIA test） and punch biopsy. Results Statistical analysis of Pap smear results in this study showed epithelial cell abnormalities in 44 cases （22.0%） in group A and 9 cases （18.0%） in group B showing no statistically significant difference （P〉O. 05）. ASCUS abnormality was reported in 31 cases （15.5%） of group A and 6 cases of group B （12.0%）. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion （LSIL） was found in 11 cases （5.5%） and 3 cases （6.0%） of group A and group B, respectively. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion （HSIL） was found in 2 cases （1.0%） of group A and none of group B. The incidence of abnormal Pap smears in group A did not greatly vary between different methods of POCs. Among Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate （DMPA） users, ASCUS was found in 17 cases （16.8%）, LSIL was found in 11 cases （10.8%） and HSIL was found in 2 cases （1.9%）. While in progesterone-only pills （POPs） users and Implanon~ users, ASCUS was found in 10 cases （12.8%） and 4 cases （20.0%） respectively with no higher epithelial abnormalities found. Levonorgestrel intrauterine device （LNG-IUD） was used by 1 case in group A and was not associated with Pap smear abnormality. Cases with ASCUS abnormality w
文摘Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe yield reduction of many important crops. There are only very few herbicides which are able to selectively control broomrapes and different approaches have been put forward to develop natural product based pesticides to control Orobanche. Several phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their use as potential mycoherbicide and for ability to produce toxic metabolites which could be applied as herbicides. Using the alternative approach ＂suicidal germination＂, interesting results were obtained by testing two microbial metabolites （fusicoccins and ophiobolin A） especially with Orobanche species whose germination is not induced by the synthetic strigolactone GR24. From pea root exudates, peagol and peagoldione, close related to strigolactones, and three polyphenols, named peapolyphenols A-C, together with already well known polyphenol and a chalcone, were isolated. They showed a selective stimulation of Orobanche seed germination with the last two and peapolyphenol A showing a specific stimulatory activity on O. foetida. This review describes the most recent results achieved on Orobanche bio-control, mainly focusing on those regarding O. ramosa, O. crenata and O. foetida.
