AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.T...AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.The controls were patients referred to our department due to other nonesophageal and non-oncological disorders with no gross or microscopic esophageal pathology as confirmed by endoscopy and histopathology.In the ESCC patients,samples were taken from normal mucosa(56 mucosa samples) and from the tumor(56 tumor samples).Tissue samples from the controls were taken from normal mucosa of the middle esophagus(35 control samples).Quantitative determination of DNA was carried out using a spectrophotometric method.Genomic DNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA Midi Kit.HPV infection was identified following PCR amplification of the HPV gene sequence,using primers MY09 and MY11 complementary to the genome sequence of at least 33 types of HPV.The sequencing results were computationally analyzed using the basic local alignment search tool database.RESULTS:In tumor samples,HPV DNA was identified in 28 of 56 patients(50%).High risk HPV phenotypes(16 or/and 18) were found in 5 of 56 patients(8.9%),low risk in 19 of 56 patients(33.9%) and other types of HPV(37,81,97,CP6108) in 4 of 56 patients(7.1%).In mucosa samples,HPV DNA was isolated in 21 of 56 patients(37.5%).High risk HPV DNA was confirmed in 3 of 56 patients(5.3%),low risk HPV DNA in 12 of 56 patients(21.4%),and other types of HPV in 6 of 56 patients(10.7%).In control samples,HPV DNA was identified in 4 of 35 patients(11.4%) with no high risk HPV.The occurrence of HPV in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in the controls [28 of 56(50%) vs 4 of 35(11.4%),P < 0.001].In esophageal cancer patients,both in tumor and mucosa samples,the predominant HPV phenotypes were low risk HPV,isolated 4 times more frequently than high risk phenotypes [19 of 56(33.9%) vs 5 of 56(8.9%),P < 0.001].A higher prevalence of HPV was identified in female patients(71.4% vs 46.9%展开更多
Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetativ...Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,berry quality,and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and end(2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021.X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines.Ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model.Early and late wood ring widths,cambium width,and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits.Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings,consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine.Ravaz index,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates,and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk radius.Ultimately,our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years,altering physiology and agronomic traits.Rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width,which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology,can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.展开更多
The present study shows that naturally developed fracture surfaces in rocks display the properties of self-affine fractals. Surface roughness can be quantitatively characterized by fractal dimension D and the intercep...The present study shows that naturally developed fracture surfaces in rocks display the properties of self-affine fractals. Surface roughness can be quantitatively characterized by fractal dimension D and the intercept A on the log-log plot of variance: the former describes the irregularity and the later is statistically analogues to the slopes of asperities. In order to confirm the effects of these fractalparameters on the properties and mechanical behavior of rock joints, which have been observed in experiments under both normal andshear loadings, a theoretic model of rock joint is proposed on the basis of contact mechanics. The shape of asperity at contact is assumed to have a sinusoidal form in its representative scale r, with fractal dimension D and the intercept A. The model considers different local contact mechanisms, such as elastic deformation, frictional sliding and tensile fracture of the asperity. The empirical evolution law of surface damage developed in experiment is implemented into the model to up-date geometry of asperity in loading history. The effects of surface roughness characterized by D, A and re on normal and shear deformation of rock joint have been elaborated.展开更多
Understanding how root systems modulate shoot system phenotypes is a fundamental question in plant biology and will be useful in developing resilient agricultural crops.Grafting is a common horticultural practice that...Understanding how root systems modulate shoot system phenotypes is a fundamental question in plant biology and will be useful in developing resilient agricultural crops.Grafting is a common horticultural practice that joins the roots(rootstock)of one plant to the shoot(scion)of another,providing an excellent method for investigating how these two organ systems affect each other.In this study,we used the French-American hybrid grapevine‘Chambourcin’(Vitis L.)as a model to explore the rootstock–scion relationship.We examined leaf shape,ion concentrations,and gene expression in‘Chambourcin’grown ungrafted as well as grafted to three different rootstocks(‘SO4’,‘1103P’and‘3309C’)across 2 years and three different irrigation treatments.We found that a significant amount of the variation in leaf shape could be explained by the interaction between rootstock and irrigation.For ion concentrations,the primary source of variation identified was the position of a leaf in a shoot,although rootstock and rootstock by irrigation interaction also explained a significant amount of variation for most ions.Lastly,we found rootstock-specific patterns of gene expression in grafted plants when compared to ungrafted vines.Thus,our work reveals the subtle and complex effect of grafting on‘Chambourcin’leaf morphology,ionomics,and gene expression.展开更多
Static phase offset (SPO) in conventional multiplying delay-locked loops (MDLLs) dramatically degrades the deterministic jitter performance. To overcome the issue, this paper presents a new SPO reduction technique for...Static phase offset (SPO) in conventional multiplying delay-locked loops (MDLLs) dramatically degrades the deterministic jitter performance. To overcome the issue, this paper presents a new SPO reduction technique for MDLLs. The technique is based on the observation that the SPO of MDLL is mainly caused by the non-idealities on charge pump (e.g. sink and source current mismatch), and control line (e.g. gate leakage of loop filter and voltage controlled delay line (VCDL) control circuit). With a high gain stage inserting between phase detector/phase frequency detector (PD/PFD) and charge pump, the equivalent SPO has been decreased by a factor equal to the gain of the gain stage. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated by a Simulink model of MDLL. The equivalent SPO is measured by the power level of reference spur.展开更多
We report here that ORS1, a previously uncharacterized member of the NAC transcription factor family, controls leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of ORS1 accelerates senescence in transgenic plant...We report here that ORS1, a previously uncharacterized member of the NAC transcription factor family, controls leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of ORS1 accelerates senescence in transgenic plants, whereas its inhibition delays it. Genes acting downstream of ORS1 were identified by global expression analysis using transgenic plants producing dexamethasone-inducible ORSl-GR fusion protein. Of the 42 up-regulated genes, 30 （-70%） were pre- viously shown to be up-regulated during age-dependent senescence, We also observed that 32 （-76%） of the ORSl-dependent genes were induced by long-term （4 d）, but not short-term （6 h） salinity stress （150 mM NaCI）. Furthermore, expression of 16 and 24 genes, respectively, was induced after 1 and 5 h of treatment with hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, a reactive oxygen species known to accumulate during salinity stress. ORS1 itself was found to be rapidly and strongly induced by H2O2 treatment in both leaves and roots. Using in vitro binding site selection, we determined the preferred binding motif of ORS1 and found it to be present in half of the ORSl-dependent genes. ORS1 is a paralog of ORE1/ ANACO92/AtNAC2, a previously reported regulator of leaf senescence. Phylogenetic footprinting revealed evolutionary conservation of the ORS1 and ORE1 promoter sequences in different Brassicaceae species, indicating strong positive selection acting on both genes. We conclude that ORS1, similarly to ORE1, triggers expression of senescence-associated genes through a regulatory network that may involve cross-talk with saltand H2O2-dependent signaling pathways.展开更多
To give a better understanding of the morphological features of rock fracture surfaces within the framework of fractal geometry, the fractal characters of the rough surfaces in rock are analyzed according to the vario...To give a better understanding of the morphological features of rock fracture surfaces within the framework of fractal geometry, the fractal characters of the rough surfaces in rock are analyzed according to the variogram method. The study elaborates the significance of the geometric parameters-fractal dimension D and the intercept A on a log-log plot to the surface structure. Investigation extends to the anisotropy and heterogeneity of rock fracture surfaces, and the scale effect on the fractal estimation. The present study indicates that fractal dimension alone may not be sufficient to characterize the surface roughness of rock Joints. A reliable estimation should take into account the combination of D and A.展开更多
Warsaw, December 15, 2012 Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, Regrettably, I have to inform you that due to the mission assigned to me by the European Parliament regarding the trial of Julia Tymoszenko in Ukraine, I had to dep...Warsaw, December 15, 2012 Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, Regrettably, I have to inform you that due to the mission assigned to me by the European Parliament regarding the trial of Julia Tymoszenko in Ukraine, I had to depart on an unplanned trip abroad. Contrary to my earlier plans, today I cannot take part in the discussion on cooperation between China and Europe. During the ten years of my presidency, I took actions aiming at deepening the展开更多
基金Supported by Medical University of Lublin,Scientific Research Grant
文摘AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.The controls were patients referred to our department due to other nonesophageal and non-oncological disorders with no gross or microscopic esophageal pathology as confirmed by endoscopy and histopathology.In the ESCC patients,samples were taken from normal mucosa(56 mucosa samples) and from the tumor(56 tumor samples).Tissue samples from the controls were taken from normal mucosa of the middle esophagus(35 control samples).Quantitative determination of DNA was carried out using a spectrophotometric method.Genomic DNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA Midi Kit.HPV infection was identified following PCR amplification of the HPV gene sequence,using primers MY09 and MY11 complementary to the genome sequence of at least 33 types of HPV.The sequencing results were computationally analyzed using the basic local alignment search tool database.RESULTS:In tumor samples,HPV DNA was identified in 28 of 56 patients(50%).High risk HPV phenotypes(16 or/and 18) were found in 5 of 56 patients(8.9%),low risk in 19 of 56 patients(33.9%) and other types of HPV(37,81,97,CP6108) in 4 of 56 patients(7.1%).In mucosa samples,HPV DNA was isolated in 21 of 56 patients(37.5%).High risk HPV DNA was confirmed in 3 of 56 patients(5.3%),low risk HPV DNA in 12 of 56 patients(21.4%),and other types of HPV in 6 of 56 patients(10.7%).In control samples,HPV DNA was identified in 4 of 35 patients(11.4%) with no high risk HPV.The occurrence of HPV in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in the controls [28 of 56(50%) vs 4 of 35(11.4%),P < 0.001].In esophageal cancer patients,both in tumor and mucosa samples,the predominant HPV phenotypes were low risk HPV,isolated 4 times more frequently than high risk phenotypes [19 of 56(33.9%) vs 5 of 56(8.9%),P < 0.001].A higher prevalence of HPV was identified in female patients(71.4% vs 46.9%
文摘Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,berry quality,and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and end(2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021.X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines.Ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model.Early and late wood ring widths,cambium width,and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits.Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings,consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine.Ravaz index,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates,and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk radius.Ultimately,our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years,altering physiology and agronomic traits.Rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width,which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology,can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.
文摘The present study shows that naturally developed fracture surfaces in rocks display the properties of self-affine fractals. Surface roughness can be quantitatively characterized by fractal dimension D and the intercept A on the log-log plot of variance: the former describes the irregularity and the later is statistically analogues to the slopes of asperities. In order to confirm the effects of these fractalparameters on the properties and mechanical behavior of rock joints, which have been observed in experiments under both normal andshear loadings, a theoretic model of rock joint is proposed on the basis of contact mechanics. The shape of asperity at contact is assumed to have a sinusoidal form in its representative scale r, with fractal dimension D and the intercept A. The model considers different local contact mechanisms, such as elastic deformation, frictional sliding and tensile fracture of the asperity. The empirical evolution law of surface damage developed in experiment is implemented into the model to up-date geometry of asperity in loading history. The effects of surface roughness characterized by D, A and re on normal and shear deformation of rock joint have been elaborated.
基金supported by appropriated funds to USDAARS-GGRU for project 8060-21220-006-00Dsupported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture,and by Michigan State University AgBioResearchsupport from National Science Foundation(NSF)Plant Genome Research Program award DBI#154689,NSF/EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement#IIA-1355423 and BioSNTR which is funded in part by the South Dakota Research and Innovation Center that supported this research.
文摘Understanding how root systems modulate shoot system phenotypes is a fundamental question in plant biology and will be useful in developing resilient agricultural crops.Grafting is a common horticultural practice that joins the roots(rootstock)of one plant to the shoot(scion)of another,providing an excellent method for investigating how these two organ systems affect each other.In this study,we used the French-American hybrid grapevine‘Chambourcin’(Vitis L.)as a model to explore the rootstock–scion relationship.We examined leaf shape,ion concentrations,and gene expression in‘Chambourcin’grown ungrafted as well as grafted to three different rootstocks(‘SO4’,‘1103P’and‘3309C’)across 2 years and three different irrigation treatments.We found that a significant amount of the variation in leaf shape could be explained by the interaction between rootstock and irrigation.For ion concentrations,the primary source of variation identified was the position of a leaf in a shoot,although rootstock and rootstock by irrigation interaction also explained a significant amount of variation for most ions.Lastly,we found rootstock-specific patterns of gene expression in grafted plants when compared to ungrafted vines.Thus,our work reveals the subtle and complex effect of grafting on‘Chambourcin’leaf morphology,ionomics,and gene expression.
文摘Static phase offset (SPO) in conventional multiplying delay-locked loops (MDLLs) dramatically degrades the deterministic jitter performance. To overcome the issue, this paper presents a new SPO reduction technique for MDLLs. The technique is based on the observation that the SPO of MDLL is mainly caused by the non-idealities on charge pump (e.g. sink and source current mismatch), and control line (e.g. gate leakage of loop filter and voltage controlled delay line (VCDL) control circuit). With a high gain stage inserting between phase detector/phase frequency detector (PD/PFD) and charge pump, the equivalent SPO has been decreased by a factor equal to the gain of the gain stage. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated by a Simulink model of MDLL. The equivalent SPO is measured by the power level of reference spur.
文摘介绍了一种带有可重构的波特率有限冲激响应型均衡器的高速背板发射机电路.均衡器可以根据需要设置为基于脉冲幅度调制编码的数据中心优化型二电平均衡器和四电平均衡器、边沿优化型均衡器和双二进制均衡器,以及两倍速过采样均衡器.给出了均衡器设计与优化的步骤和公式,并利用90nm CMOS工艺制作了测试芯片.在40in背板上数据率为每秒10 Gbps的实验结果较好地符合了理论分析和设计目标.当电源电压为1.2V时,发射机功耗为70.3m W,能驱动50Ω的背板,输出电平峰峰值为500m V.
文摘We report here that ORS1, a previously uncharacterized member of the NAC transcription factor family, controls leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of ORS1 accelerates senescence in transgenic plants, whereas its inhibition delays it. Genes acting downstream of ORS1 were identified by global expression analysis using transgenic plants producing dexamethasone-inducible ORSl-GR fusion protein. Of the 42 up-regulated genes, 30 （-70%） were pre- viously shown to be up-regulated during age-dependent senescence, We also observed that 32 （-76%） of the ORSl-dependent genes were induced by long-term （4 d）, but not short-term （6 h） salinity stress （150 mM NaCI）. Furthermore, expression of 16 and 24 genes, respectively, was induced after 1 and 5 h of treatment with hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, a reactive oxygen species known to accumulate during salinity stress. ORS1 itself was found to be rapidly and strongly induced by H2O2 treatment in both leaves and roots. Using in vitro binding site selection, we determined the preferred binding motif of ORS1 and found it to be present in half of the ORSl-dependent genes. ORS1 is a paralog of ORE1/ ANACO92/AtNAC2, a previously reported regulator of leaf senescence. Phylogenetic footprinting revealed evolutionary conservation of the ORS1 and ORE1 promoter sequences in different Brassicaceae species, indicating strong positive selection acting on both genes. We conclude that ORS1, similarly to ORE1, triggers expression of senescence-associated genes through a regulatory network that may involve cross-talk with saltand H2O2-dependent signaling pathways.
文摘To give a better understanding of the morphological features of rock fracture surfaces within the framework of fractal geometry, the fractal characters of the rough surfaces in rock are analyzed according to the variogram method. The study elaborates the significance of the geometric parameters-fractal dimension D and the intercept A on a log-log plot to the surface structure. Investigation extends to the anisotropy and heterogeneity of rock fracture surfaces, and the scale effect on the fractal estimation. The present study indicates that fractal dimension alone may not be sufficient to characterize the surface roughness of rock Joints. A reliable estimation should take into account the combination of D and A.
文摘Warsaw, December 15, 2012 Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, Regrettably, I have to inform you that due to the mission assigned to me by the European Parliament regarding the trial of Julia Tymoszenko in Ukraine, I had to depart on an unplanned trip abroad. Contrary to my earlier plans, today I cannot take part in the discussion on cooperation between China and Europe. During the ten years of my presidency, I took actions aiming at deepening the
