Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a novel cellular immunotherapy that is widely used to treat hematological malignancies, including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Despite its remarka...Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a novel cellular immunotherapy that is widely used to treat hematological malignancies, including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Despite its remarkable clinical effects, this therapy has side effects that cannot be underestimated. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is one of the most clinically important and potentially life-threatening toxicities. This syndrome is a systemic immune storm that involves the mass cytokines releasing by activated immune cells. This phenomenon causes multisystem damages and sometimes even death. In this study, we reported the management of a patient with recurrent and refractory multiple myeloma and three patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia who suffered CRS during CAR-T treatment. The early application of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, according to toxicity grading and clinical manifestation is recommended especially for patients who suffer continuous hyperpyrexia, hypotensive shock, acute respiratory failure, and whose CRS toxicities deteriorated rapidly. Moreover, low doses of dexamethasone (5-10 mg/day) were used for refractory CRS not responding to tocilizumab. The effective management of the toxicities associated with CRS will bring additional survival opportunities and improve the quality of life for patients with cancer.展开更多
Quantitative description of the high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, into which water was injected to improve oil recovery, is a hot topic in the field of reservoir development. This paper pr...Quantitative description of the high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, into which water was injected to improve oil recovery, is a hot topic in the field of reservoir development. This paper presents a novel approach to describing quantitatively the characteristics of connected macropores in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs using in situ production data. Based on physical simulation for formation mechanisms of high capacity channels and interwell tracer test data, a mathematical model was established to describe high-capacity channels by grey correlation theory, flow mechanism of fluid in porous media and reservoir engineering, and a program was developed to describe quantitatively the channel characteristics. The predicted results were consistent with field monitoring data （80%）, so this model could be economically and effectively used to identify high-capacity channels.展开更多
Stroke can cause Wallerian degeneration in regions outside of the brain,particularly in the corticospinal tract.To investigate the fate of major glial cells and axons within affected areas of the corticospinal tract f...Stroke can cause Wallerian degeneration in regions outside of the brain,particularly in the corticospinal tract.To investigate the fate of major glial cells and axons within affected areas of the corticospinal tract following stroke,we induced photochemical infarction of the sensorimotor cortex leading to Wallerian degeneration along the full extent of the corticospinal tract.We first used a routine,sensitive marker of axonal injury,amyloid precursor protein,to examine Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.An antibody to amyloid precursor protein mapped exclusively to proximal axonal segments within the ischemic cortex,with no positive signal in distal parts of the corticospinal tract,at all time points.To improve visualization of Wallerian degeneration,we next utilized an orthograde virus that expresses green fluorescent protein to label the corticospinal tract and then quantitatively evaluated green fluorescent protein-expressing axons.Using this approach,we found that axonal degeneration began on day 3 post-stroke and was almost complete by 7 days after stroke.In addition,microglia mobilized and activated early,from day 7 after stroke,but did not maintain a phagocytic state over time.Meanwhile,astrocytes showed relatively delayed mobilization and a moderate response to Wallerian degeneration.Moreover,no anterograde degeneration of spinal anterior horn cells was observed in response to Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.In conclusion,our data provide evidence for dynamic,pathogenic spatiotemporal changes in major cellular components of the corticospinal tract during Wallerian degeneration.展开更多
Six loci of nucleolar organizer region (NOR) were detected in genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) of cotton (Gossypium). NOR was the characteristic of 45S rDNA but could be generated by genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted f...Six loci of nucleolar organizer region (NOR) were detected in genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) of cotton (Gossypium). NOR was the characteristic of 45S rDNA but could be generated by genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from Gossypium species as probe. With twice FISH to the same mitotic cell of G. herbaceum or G. hirsutum, number, position and size for NORs generated from 45S rDNA and gDNA were identified largely similar or even the same. The NORs with gDNA as probe were therefore permanently defined as GISH-NORs. GISH-NORs from G. hirsutum and G. raimondii mitotic images were all terminal types. Four and two GISH-NORs from G. herbaceum (var. africanum) were terminal and centromere types, respectively. Six GISH-NORs in G. hirsutum were chromosome mapped with two in A- and four in D-subgenomes. There were also GISH-NORs in mitotic image of G. raimondii with its own gDNA as probe. From mitotic image of G. herbaceum with its own gDNA as probe, GISH-NOR could not be observed but non-whole- recovery of hybridized signals was distinguished. These non-whole-recovery of hybridized signals were detected on long arm terminals of most chromosomes and especially existed in nearly half long arm of a pair of chromosomes in G. herbaceum gDNA probed itself GISH image, which may be possibly induced by low copy genes within the regions rather than inter-subgenomic segment translocations. GISH-NORs in G. hirsutum mitotic images were dominantly observed when gDNAs from D and A genome species were used as probes and block, respectively, but not when the reverse probe and block gDNA from the two diploid progenitor genomes were designed. There may be two speculations to this special phenomenon: rDNA concerted evolution; content of rDNA in genome D more than genome A.展开更多
In this article, the toxic effects of Enrofloxacin （ENFX） on Scenedesmus obliquus were studied, through investigating the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and protein contents. The possible toxic mechanisms of ENFX ...In this article, the toxic effects of Enrofloxacin （ENFX） on Scenedesmus obliquus were studied, through investigating the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and protein contents. The possible toxic mechanisms of ENFX were analyzed by determining the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, proline content, and superoxide anion （O2） generation rate. Results showed that the growth of algae was inhibited by ENFX and the 50% effective concentration （EC50） values for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of ENFX were 88.39, 63.86, 45.10, and 59.16 mg .L^-1, respectively. After treated with ENFX for 96h, the contents of photosynthetic pigments decreased with the increase of ENFX concentration, the content of soluble protein and the activity of SOD increased and then decreased, and the generation rate of superoxide anion （O2^-） increased continually. The contents of MDA and proline changed little in lower ENFX concentration groups, but increased rapidly when treated with higher concentration groups. These results suggested that ENFX affected the growth ofS. obliquus, and the main toxicity mechanism was that algal cells generated the reactive oxygen species under ENFX stress, and then the reactive oxygen species （ROS） induced the oxidation damages of biologic macromolecules and changed the biomembrane permeability further.展开更多
Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form ...Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 （optimum pH 3.5）. The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil （used in planting trees） and rice soil （originating as red soil）. The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil.展开更多
Background At present, the therapy for patients with lung cancer that achieves a high rate of cure is surgical resection at an early stage of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate quantitative computed t...Background At present, the therapy for patients with lung cancer that achieves a high rate of cure is surgical resection at an early stage of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate quantitative computed tomography (QCT) for predicting postoperative pulmonary function in patients with lung cancer. Methods The data of thirty-one patients with lung cancer who underwent both pulmonary functional tests and QCT scan before operations were collected. A CT program was used to quantify the volume of whole lung parenchyma with attenuation of -910 HU to -600 HU, which was defined as total functional lung volume (TFLV). Similarly, the volume of lung (lobes or segments) with attenuation of -910 HU to -600 HU was defined as regional functional lung volume (RFLV). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV_1), FVC% and FEV_1% (ratio to reference values of the matched population) were obtained from preoperational pulmonary functional tests. According to the formula: predicted FVC (pre-FVC)=preoperative FVC×[1-(RFLV/TFLV)]; predicted FEV_1 (pre-FEV_1)=preoperative FEV_1×[1-(RFLV/TFLV)], we obtained values of predicted FVC, predicted FEV_1, predicted FVC% (pre-FVC/reference values of the matched population), and predicted FEV_1% (pre-FEV_1/reference values of the matched population). The paired t test and Pearson correlation test were used to assess significance of differences and correlations between CT predicted values and postoperative measured results of FVC, FEV_1, FVC% and FEV_1%. Results QCT predicted values correlated well with postoperative FVC, FEV_1, FVC% and FEV_1% ( r =0.873, 0.809, 0.849 and 0.801 respectively, all P <0.01).Conclusions QCT is an effective and accurate way to predict postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing pulmonary resection, regardless of the patients’ preoperative pulmonary functional status.展开更多
The oxidation behavior of high speed steel (HSS) was researched by high temperature thermo balance at 500 to 800 °C in water vapor. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope, the microstructure ...The oxidation behavior of high speed steel (HSS) was researched by high temperature thermo balance at 500 to 800 °C in water vapor. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope, the microstructure of oxide scale was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction spectrum. The results indicate that the mass gain of HSS increases with oxidation temperature rising, the effect of oxidation temperature on the morphology is obvious, water vapor temperature only affects mass gain and affects hardly morphology of oxide scale at the same oxidation temperature. The relevant oxidation mechanisms are also discussed.展开更多
In this paper we study the subcarrier and bit allocation strategies for downlink OFDMA system.Our opti-mization objective is to find optimum subcarrier and bit assignment minimizing the total transmitted power with th...In this paper we study the subcarrier and bit allocation strategies for downlink OFDMA system.Our opti-mization objective is to find optimum subcarrier and bit assignment minimizing the total transmitted power with the con-straints on BER and data rate for all users.We divide this problem into three steps:resource allocation,subcarrier assign-ment and single-user power and bit allocation.For the first two steps we propose new algorithms.Various loading schemesconstitute by combining these algorithms as well as algorithms proposed in Ref.[6].Simulation results demonstrate thatour proposed suboptimal loading scheme can achieve performance closer to the near optimal algorithm in Ref.[8]withmuch lower complexity than schemes in Ref.[6].展开更多
In this paper, an analytical model of two-layer retransmission scheme isproposed for CDMA systems in which selective repeat Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) is used at theRadio Link Protocol (RLP) layer and n-channel St...In this paper, an analytical model of two-layer retransmission scheme isproposed for CDMA systems in which selective repeat Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) is used at theRadio Link Protocol (RLP) layer and n-channel Stop-and-Wait hybrid ARQ at the Medium Access control(MAC) layer. The retransmission mechanism in the RLP has considerable amount of delay associatedwith it, which might not be able to sustain real-time communications with strict delay requirements.Retransmissions done at a lower layer, such as the MAC, enhance the performance of the system. Weshow how the joint reliability varies with respect to the maximum retransmission number of RLP layerand MAC layer. We also consider that soft packet combining at the MAC layer of receiver issupported, which effectively lowers the Frame Error Rate (FER). Compared with the RLP Layer ARQ usedin IS-99, the two-layer retransmission scheme shows shorter packet transmission delay and smallerpacket error rate. The results show that it can offer the faster and more reliable communicationthan conventional scheme used in IS-99.展开更多
One-year Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis seedlings potted in soil mixed with 10% or 40% organic fertilizer were treated with two concentrations of lignin (1.5 and 2.5 g·kg-1), and detected the effects of ligni...One-year Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis seedlings potted in soil mixed with 10% or 40% organic fertilizer were treated with two concentrations of lignin (1.5 and 2.5 g·kg-1), and detected the effects of lignin on root activity and soil nutrients in rhizosphere soil of Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis. (1) Lignin improved root activity of Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis, increased soil available nitrogen contents and soil organic matter contents. (2) Under 10% organic fertilizer, lignin improved soil available P and K contents. The root activity in Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis was the largest in 2.5 g·kg-1?lignin treatment. (3) Under 40% organic fertilizer, compared with the CK2 (the treatment of soil with organic fertilizer content 40%), lignin decreased the content of rhizosphere soil available K. 1.5 g·kg-1 lignin treatment had obviously increased the content of soil available P. The root activity was the largest in 2.5 g·kg-1 lignin treatment, while the content of rhizosphere soil available K lowered 8.5% compared with that of CK2 in the same treatment. Lignin changed the soil nutrients, 2.5 g·kg-1 lignin significantly improved root activity of Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis. The results provided a theoretical basis for the regulation of root activity and soil nutrients in Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis.展开更多
Background:Genes of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)are an important component of the vertebrate immune system and play a significant role in mate choice in animal populations.However,the MHC genetic targets ...Background:Genes of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)are an important component of the vertebrate immune system and play a significant role in mate choice in animal populations.However,the MHC genetic targets of female mate choice have not been clearly identified,and whether female mate choice is based on neutral genetic characteristics remains an open question.Here,we focus on the effects of morphological traits and genetic similarity among individuals in MHC class IIB(MHC IIB)exon 2 on mating in a sexually dimorphic songbird that exhibits social monogamy with extra-pair paternity(EPP).Methods:We sequenced 64 parent-offspring triads sampled over a 3-year period using two MHC class II loci to detect disassortative mating in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher(Ficedula zanthopygia).Results:We found that MHC similarity in social pairs was lower than that in random pairs.Extra-pair mate choice according to MHC IIB was observed,in which females’extra-pair mates had fewer MHC alleles than their within-pair mates,but there was no significant band-sharing between extra-pair sires and potential extra-pair mates.However,the interaction between the MHC diversity of females and that of the social males affected the occurrence of EPP.Conclusions:Our results support the“optimality hypothesis”of MHC-based social and extra-pair choice.Female choice probably maintains a certain level of MHC diversity in offspring in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher.展开更多
1 Introduction This paper takes the company which announced equity incentive program since 2006 for example,from the perspective of control of listed companies attribution,by studying the various factors which affect ...1 Introduction This paper takes the company which announced equity incentive program since 2006 for example,from the perspective of control of listed companies attribution,by studying the various factors which affect the substance right to control the company, Equity incentive of listed companies is divided into two kinds. One is the right to control attributable to shareholders,展开更多
文摘Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a novel cellular immunotherapy that is widely used to treat hematological malignancies, including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Despite its remarkable clinical effects, this therapy has side effects that cannot be underestimated. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is one of the most clinically important and potentially life-threatening toxicities. This syndrome is a systemic immune storm that involves the mass cytokines releasing by activated immune cells. This phenomenon causes multisystem damages and sometimes even death. In this study, we reported the management of a patient with recurrent and refractory multiple myeloma and three patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia who suffered CRS during CAR-T treatment. The early application of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, according to toxicity grading and clinical manifestation is recommended especially for patients who suffer continuous hyperpyrexia, hypotensive shock, acute respiratory failure, and whose CRS toxicities deteriorated rapidly. Moreover, low doses of dexamethasone (5-10 mg/day) were used for refractory CRS not responding to tocilizumab. The effective management of the toxicities associated with CRS will bring additional survival opportunities and improve the quality of life for patients with cancer.
文摘Quantitative description of the high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, into which water was injected to improve oil recovery, is a hot topic in the field of reservoir development. This paper presents a novel approach to describing quantitatively the characteristics of connected macropores in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs using in situ production data. Based on physical simulation for formation mechanisms of high capacity channels and interwell tracer test data, a mathematical model was established to describe high-capacity channels by grey correlation theory, flow mechanism of fluid in porous media and reservoir engineering, and a program was developed to describe quantitatively the channel characteristics. The predicted results were consistent with field monitoring data （80%）, so this model could be economically and effectively used to identify high-capacity channels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31 730030 (to XL),81941011 (to XL),31 771053 (to HD),82271403 (to XL),82272171 (to ZY),31971279 (to ZY)82201542 (to FH)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7222004 (to HD)the Science and Technology Program of Beijing,No.Z181100001818007(to ZY)
文摘Stroke can cause Wallerian degeneration in regions outside of the brain,particularly in the corticospinal tract.To investigate the fate of major glial cells and axons within affected areas of the corticospinal tract following stroke,we induced photochemical infarction of the sensorimotor cortex leading to Wallerian degeneration along the full extent of the corticospinal tract.We first used a routine,sensitive marker of axonal injury,amyloid precursor protein,to examine Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.An antibody to amyloid precursor protein mapped exclusively to proximal axonal segments within the ischemic cortex,with no positive signal in distal parts of the corticospinal tract,at all time points.To improve visualization of Wallerian degeneration,we next utilized an orthograde virus that expresses green fluorescent protein to label the corticospinal tract and then quantitatively evaluated green fluorescent protein-expressing axons.Using this approach,we found that axonal degeneration began on day 3 post-stroke and was almost complete by 7 days after stroke.In addition,microglia mobilized and activated early,from day 7 after stroke,but did not maintain a phagocytic state over time.Meanwhile,astrocytes showed relatively delayed mobilization and a moderate response to Wallerian degeneration.Moreover,no anterograde degeneration of spinal anterior horn cells was observed in response to Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.In conclusion,our data provide evidence for dynamic,pathogenic spatiotemporal changes in major cellular components of the corticospinal tract during Wallerian degeneration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.301 70501)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2004CB117300)the Hi-Tech Research and De-velopment Program of China(Grant No.2003AA207051).
文摘Six loci of nucleolar organizer region (NOR) were detected in genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) of cotton (Gossypium). NOR was the characteristic of 45S rDNA but could be generated by genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from Gossypium species as probe. With twice FISH to the same mitotic cell of G. herbaceum or G. hirsutum, number, position and size for NORs generated from 45S rDNA and gDNA were identified largely similar or even the same. The NORs with gDNA as probe were therefore permanently defined as GISH-NORs. GISH-NORs from G. hirsutum and G. raimondii mitotic images were all terminal types. Four and two GISH-NORs from G. herbaceum (var. africanum) were terminal and centromere types, respectively. Six GISH-NORs in G. hirsutum were chromosome mapped with two in A- and four in D-subgenomes. There were also GISH-NORs in mitotic image of G. raimondii with its own gDNA as probe. From mitotic image of G. herbaceum with its own gDNA as probe, GISH-NOR could not be observed but non-whole- recovery of hybridized signals was distinguished. These non-whole-recovery of hybridized signals were detected on long arm terminals of most chromosomes and especially existed in nearly half long arm of a pair of chromosomes in G. herbaceum gDNA probed itself GISH image, which may be possibly induced by low copy genes within the regions rather than inter-subgenomic segment translocations. GISH-NORs in G. hirsutum mitotic images were dominantly observed when gDNAs from D and A genome species were used as probes and block, respectively, but not when the reverse probe and block gDNA from the two diploid progenitor genomes were designed. There may be two speculations to this special phenomenon: rDNA concerted evolution; content of rDNA in genome D more than genome A.
文摘In this article, the toxic effects of Enrofloxacin （ENFX） on Scenedesmus obliquus were studied, through investigating the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and protein contents. The possible toxic mechanisms of ENFX were analyzed by determining the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, proline content, and superoxide anion （O2） generation rate. Results showed that the growth of algae was inhibited by ENFX and the 50% effective concentration （EC50） values for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of ENFX were 88.39, 63.86, 45.10, and 59.16 mg .L^-1, respectively. After treated with ENFX for 96h, the contents of photosynthetic pigments decreased with the increase of ENFX concentration, the content of soluble protein and the activity of SOD increased and then decreased, and the generation rate of superoxide anion （O2^-） increased continually. The contents of MDA and proline changed little in lower ENFX concentration groups, but increased rapidly when treated with higher concentration groups. These results suggested that ENFX affected the growth ofS. obliquus, and the main toxicity mechanism was that algal cells generated the reactive oxygen species under ENFX stress, and then the reactive oxygen species （ROS） induced the oxidation damages of biologic macromolecules and changed the biomembrane permeability further.
基金supported by a grant from the Special Project for Forest Public Benefit (No. 200904055)Project for Advantage Life Science of Jiangshu Province and Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (No. 164070302115)
文摘Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 （optimum pH 3.5）. The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil （used in planting trees） and rice soil （originating as red soil）. The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil.
文摘Background At present, the therapy for patients with lung cancer that achieves a high rate of cure is surgical resection at an early stage of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate quantitative computed tomography (QCT) for predicting postoperative pulmonary function in patients with lung cancer. Methods The data of thirty-one patients with lung cancer who underwent both pulmonary functional tests and QCT scan before operations were collected. A CT program was used to quantify the volume of whole lung parenchyma with attenuation of -910 HU to -600 HU, which was defined as total functional lung volume (TFLV). Similarly, the volume of lung (lobes or segments) with attenuation of -910 HU to -600 HU was defined as regional functional lung volume (RFLV). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV_1), FVC% and FEV_1% (ratio to reference values of the matched population) were obtained from preoperational pulmonary functional tests. According to the formula: predicted FVC (pre-FVC)=preoperative FVC×[1-(RFLV/TFLV)]; predicted FEV_1 (pre-FEV_1)=preoperative FEV_1×[1-(RFLV/TFLV)], we obtained values of predicted FVC, predicted FEV_1, predicted FVC% (pre-FVC/reference values of the matched population), and predicted FEV_1% (pre-FEV_1/reference values of the matched population). The paired t test and Pearson correlation test were used to assess significance of differences and correlations between CT predicted values and postoperative measured results of FVC, FEV_1, FVC% and FEV_1%. Results QCT predicted values correlated well with postoperative FVC, FEV_1, FVC% and FEV_1% ( r =0.873, 0.809, 0.849 and 0.801 respectively, all P <0.01).Conclusions QCT is an effective and accurate way to predict postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing pulmonary resection, regardless of the patients’ preoperative pulmonary functional status.
文摘The oxidation behavior of high speed steel (HSS) was researched by high temperature thermo balance at 500 to 800 °C in water vapor. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope, the microstructure of oxide scale was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction spectrum. The results indicate that the mass gain of HSS increases with oxidation temperature rising, the effect of oxidation temperature on the morphology is obvious, water vapor temperature only affects mass gain and affects hardly morphology of oxide scale at the same oxidation temperature. The relevant oxidation mechanisms are also discussed.
文摘In this paper we study the subcarrier and bit allocation strategies for downlink OFDMA system.Our opti-mization objective is to find optimum subcarrier and bit assignment minimizing the total transmitted power with the con-straints on BER and data rate for all users.We divide this problem into three steps:resource allocation,subcarrier assign-ment and single-user power and bit allocation.For the first two steps we propose new algorithms.Various loading schemesconstitute by combining these algorithms as well as algorithms proposed in Ref.[6].Simulation results demonstrate thatour proposed suboptimal loading scheme can achieve performance closer to the near optimal algorithm in Ref.[8]withmuch lower complexity than schemes in Ref.[6].
基金This work is supported by"863"High Technology Development Project Fundation (No.2003AA12331004).
文摘In this paper, an analytical model of two-layer retransmission scheme isproposed for CDMA systems in which selective repeat Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) is used at theRadio Link Protocol (RLP) layer and n-channel Stop-and-Wait hybrid ARQ at the Medium Access control(MAC) layer. The retransmission mechanism in the RLP has considerable amount of delay associatedwith it, which might not be able to sustain real-time communications with strict delay requirements.Retransmissions done at a lower layer, such as the MAC, enhance the performance of the system. Weshow how the joint reliability varies with respect to the maximum retransmission number of RLP layerand MAC layer. We also consider that soft packet combining at the MAC layer of receiver issupported, which effectively lowers the Frame Error Rate (FER). Compared with the RLP Layer ARQ usedin IS-99, the two-layer retransmission scheme shows shorter packet transmission delay and smallerpacket error rate. The results show that it can offer the faster and more reliable communicationthan conventional scheme used in IS-99.
文摘One-year Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis seedlings potted in soil mixed with 10% or 40% organic fertilizer were treated with two concentrations of lignin (1.5 and 2.5 g·kg-1), and detected the effects of lignin on root activity and soil nutrients in rhizosphere soil of Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis. (1) Lignin improved root activity of Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis, increased soil available nitrogen contents and soil organic matter contents. (2) Under 10% organic fertilizer, lignin improved soil available P and K contents. The root activity in Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis was the largest in 2.5 g·kg-1?lignin treatment. (3) Under 40% organic fertilizer, compared with the CK2 (the treatment of soil with organic fertilizer content 40%), lignin decreased the content of rhizosphere soil available K. 1.5 g·kg-1 lignin treatment had obviously increased the content of soil available P. The root activity was the largest in 2.5 g·kg-1 lignin treatment, while the content of rhizosphere soil available K lowered 8.5% compared with that of CK2 in the same treatment. Lignin changed the soil nutrients, 2.5 g·kg-1 lignin significantly improved root activity of Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis. The results provided a theoretical basis for the regulation of root activity and soil nutrients in Malus hupehensis. var. pingyiensis.
基金The study was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31801976 to ME and No.20111938 to HW)the University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jilin Province(No.202010205057 to ME)the Natural Science Foundation of Changchun Normal University.
文摘Background:Genes of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)are an important component of the vertebrate immune system and play a significant role in mate choice in animal populations.However,the MHC genetic targets of female mate choice have not been clearly identified,and whether female mate choice is based on neutral genetic characteristics remains an open question.Here,we focus on the effects of morphological traits and genetic similarity among individuals in MHC class IIB(MHC IIB)exon 2 on mating in a sexually dimorphic songbird that exhibits social monogamy with extra-pair paternity(EPP).Methods:We sequenced 64 parent-offspring triads sampled over a 3-year period using two MHC class II loci to detect disassortative mating in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher(Ficedula zanthopygia).Results:We found that MHC similarity in social pairs was lower than that in random pairs.Extra-pair mate choice according to MHC IIB was observed,in which females’extra-pair mates had fewer MHC alleles than their within-pair mates,but there was no significant band-sharing between extra-pair sires and potential extra-pair mates.However,the interaction between the MHC diversity of females and that of the social males affected the occurrence of EPP.Conclusions:Our results support the“optimality hypothesis”of MHC-based social and extra-pair choice.Female choice probably maintains a certain level of MHC diversity in offspring in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher.
文摘1 Introduction This paper takes the company which announced equity incentive program since 2006 for example,from the perspective of control of listed companies attribution,by studying the various factors which affect the substance right to control the company, Equity incentive of listed companies is divided into two kinds. One is the right to control attributable to shareholders,
