The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of ...The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.展开更多
Background It is important to determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness （AMS） among workers at altitudes between 3500 m and 5000 m on Mt. Tanggula during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railroad. This...Background It is important to determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness （AMS） among workers at altitudes between 3500 m and 5000 m on Mt. Tanggula during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railroad. This study explored the risk factors predisposing workers to developing AMS and attempted to develop more effective ways of preventing and treating AMS. Methods A total of 11 182 workers were surveyed by completing twice daily a Lake Louise questionnaire, and a score 〉3 indicated AMS. The contributing risk factors were assessed for at least 2 months for the duration of the study in the years from 2001 to 2003. A risk model was developed by multiple Logistic regression. Standard statistica~ methods were used to analyze data. Results AMS occurred in 56% of workers working at high altitudes on Mt. Tanggula. The incidence of AMS increased with increasing altitude. Rapid ascent to an altitude above 3500 m, sea-level or lowland newcomers, young people under 25 years of age, heavy physical exertion, obese person, and arterial oxygen saturation （SaO2） below 80% were independent AMS risk factors. No significant association was found between AMS and sex or taking Rhodiola. Medical education contributed to an early diagnosis of AMS. Conclusions This study used the Lake Louise scoring system suggesting that it is a well-validated standard for field evaluation of AMS and for making an early diagnosis. These studies have described many variables regarding risk factors for the development of AMS. Risk factors which can be modified should be attended to, and the physicians should carry out check-ups and tests to identify subjects who are more at risk. Prevention consists in continuous gradual ascent, medical education, and prompt descent to avoid progression in patients with serious AMS. It is most important to effectively control the risk factors of AMS.展开更多
We describe the current plans for a spectroscopic survey of millions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy using the Guo Shou Jing Telescope （GSJT, formerly calledthe Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telesc...We describe the current plans for a spectroscopic survey of millions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy using the Guo Shou Jing Telescope （GSJT, formerly calledthe Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope -- LAMOST）. The survey will obtain spectra for 2.5 million stars brighter than r 〈 19 during dark/grey time, and 5 million stars brighter than r 〈 17 or J 〈 16 on nights that are moonlit or have low transparency. The survey will begin in the fall of 2012, and will run for at least four years. The telescope＇s design constrains the optimal declination range for observations to 10~ 〈 di 〈 50~, and site conditions lead to an emphasis on stars in the direction of the Galactic anticenter. The survey is divided into three parts with different target selection strategies： disk, anticenter, and spheroid. The resulting dataset will be used to study the merger history of the Milky Way, the substructure and evolution of the disks, the nature of the first generation of stars through identification of the lowest metallicity stars, and star formation through study of open clusters and OB associations. Detailed design of the LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration （LEGUE） survey will be completed in summer 2012, after a review of the results of the pilot survey.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction(犀角地黄汤,XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure(ALF)as well as the und...Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction(犀角地黄汤,XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure(ALF)as well as the underlying mechanism of action, and to clarify the key herbs and components of XJDHD. Methods:LPS/D-galactosamine(D-GalN) or TNF-α/D-GalN were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J mice to induce ALF. Simultaneously, XJDHD or its individual herbs and components were orally administered. Survival rates, transaminase levels in serum, and hepatic histology were examined to evaluate the effects of XJDHD.The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were additionally performed to expound the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic activity of XJDHD. Results: Oral administration of XJDHD protected mice from lethal liver failure induced by LPS and TNF-α, with notable amelioration of liver injury in histology and a significant decrease in transaminase levels in serum. XJDHD signi?cantly inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced expression of the antiapoptosis genes, c-Flip, Iap1, Gadd45 b and A20(all P<0.05). In addition, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. was identi?ed as the key herb of XJDHD and galactose as the effective component of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.that protects against ALF. Conclusions: XJDHD inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of nuclear factor κB-regulated anti-apoptotic genes. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. may be the most effective herb of XJDHD and galactose is an active component in this protection.展开更多
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11390371)Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission
文摘The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.
基金This study was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30393130） and the 973 Program of China （No. 2006CB708514）.
文摘Background It is important to determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness （AMS） among workers at altitudes between 3500 m and 5000 m on Mt. Tanggula during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railroad. This study explored the risk factors predisposing workers to developing AMS and attempted to develop more effective ways of preventing and treating AMS. Methods A total of 11 182 workers were surveyed by completing twice daily a Lake Louise questionnaire, and a score 〉3 indicated AMS. The contributing risk factors were assessed for at least 2 months for the duration of the study in the years from 2001 to 2003. A risk model was developed by multiple Logistic regression. Standard statistica~ methods were used to analyze data. Results AMS occurred in 56% of workers working at high altitudes on Mt. Tanggula. The incidence of AMS increased with increasing altitude. Rapid ascent to an altitude above 3500 m, sea-level or lowland newcomers, young people under 25 years of age, heavy physical exertion, obese person, and arterial oxygen saturation （SaO2） below 80% were independent AMS risk factors. No significant association was found between AMS and sex or taking Rhodiola. Medical education contributed to an early diagnosis of AMS. Conclusions This study used the Lake Louise scoring system suggesting that it is a well-validated standard for field evaluation of AMS and for making an early diagnosis. These studies have described many variables regarding risk factors for the development of AMS. Risk factors which can be modified should be attended to, and the physicians should carry out check-ups and tests to identify subjects who are more at risk. Prevention consists in continuous gradual ascent, medical education, and prompt descent to avoid progression in patients with serious AMS. It is most important to effectively control the risk factors of AMS.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10573022, 10973015, 11061120454and 11243003)the US National Science Foundation through grant AST-09-37523
文摘We describe the current plans for a spectroscopic survey of millions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy using the Guo Shou Jing Telescope （GSJT, formerly calledthe Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope -- LAMOST）. The survey will obtain spectra for 2.5 million stars brighter than r 〈 19 during dark/grey time, and 5 million stars brighter than r 〈 17 or J 〈 16 on nights that are moonlit or have low transparency. The survey will begin in the fall of 2012, and will run for at least four years. The telescope＇s design constrains the optimal declination range for observations to 10~ 〈 di 〈 50~, and site conditions lead to an emphasis on stars in the direction of the Galactic anticenter. The survey is divided into three parts with different target selection strategies： disk, anticenter, and spheroid. The resulting dataset will be used to study the merger history of the Milky Way, the substructure and evolution of the disks, the nature of the first generation of stars through identification of the lowest metallicity stars, and star formation through study of open clusters and OB associations. Detailed design of the LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration （LEGUE） survey will be completed in summer 2012, after a review of the results of the pilot survey.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81072766)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7112066)215 Program from Beijing Public Health Bureau(No.2013-2-11)
文摘Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction(犀角地黄汤,XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure(ALF)as well as the underlying mechanism of action, and to clarify the key herbs and components of XJDHD. Methods:LPS/D-galactosamine(D-GalN) or TNF-α/D-GalN were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J mice to induce ALF. Simultaneously, XJDHD or its individual herbs and components were orally administered. Survival rates, transaminase levels in serum, and hepatic histology were examined to evaluate the effects of XJDHD.The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were additionally performed to expound the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic activity of XJDHD. Results: Oral administration of XJDHD protected mice from lethal liver failure induced by LPS and TNF-α, with notable amelioration of liver injury in histology and a significant decrease in transaminase levels in serum. XJDHD signi?cantly inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced expression of the antiapoptosis genes, c-Flip, Iap1, Gadd45 b and A20(all P<0.05). In addition, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. was identi?ed as the key herb of XJDHD and galactose as the effective component of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.that protects against ALF. Conclusions: XJDHD inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of nuclear factor κB-regulated anti-apoptotic genes. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. may be the most effective herb of XJDHD and galactose is an active component in this protection.
