三萜类化合物是一类富含多种异戊二烯单元的天然产物,其具有抗炎、抗氧化等生物活性,并在缓解肠道炎症方面具有潜在的治疗效果。首先,三萜类化合物可通过抑制炎性介质(白细胞介素、前列腺素、肿瘤坏死因子)及其相关信号通路来减少炎性...三萜类化合物是一类富含多种异戊二烯单元的天然产物,其具有抗炎、抗氧化等生物活性,并在缓解肠道炎症方面具有潜在的治疗效果。首先,三萜类化合物可通过抑制炎性介质(白细胞介素、前列腺素、肿瘤坏死因子)及其相关信号通路来减少炎性因子的分泌,起到抗肠道炎症的作用;其次,三萜类化合物通过改善活性氧的产生,平衡氧化还原系统,降低氧化应激损伤,达到抗炎的作用;再次,三萜类化合物也能通过调节NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体、多条信号通路(NF-κB/MAPK/Nrf2信号通路)来改善免疫球蛋白和补体水平含量达到免疫平衡作用;第四,三萜类化合物还可通过促进紧密连接蛋白表达,修复损伤的肠道黏膜上皮,提高肠道屏障功能,减少刺激性物质的渗透来抑制肠道炎症;另外,三萜类化合物与肠道菌群间具有紧密联系,能维持肠道微生物稳定,保持肠道上皮屏障的完整性,减少肠道炎症的发生。综上,三萜类化合物通过调控炎症、氧化应激、免疫平衡、黏膜屏障、肠道微生物5个途径,发挥对肠道炎症的保护作用。目前对于三萜类化合物的研究还存在一些限制和挑战,本综述为进一步探索、开发和利用三萜类化合物提供了重要参考,为其在肠道炎症治疗领域的应用提供了新的思路。展开更多
The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt%...The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt% sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte at the constant current of 4 mA for 3 h.And then they were modified with octadecanoic acid (C18),polyethylene (PE),polystyrene (PS),polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA),respectively,whose surface free energies were 27.6,31.0,33.0,61.6 and 70.0 mN/m,respectively.The contact angles (CA) were 154.6°,128.4°,127.6°,5.0° and 0.0°,respectively,and the ice adhesion pressures were 15.9,36.3,55.9,155.3 and 216.1 kPa,respectively.The ice adhesion strengths decrease along with the increasing anti-wetting property of aluminum surfaces and the decreasing of the surface energy of modifiers.These provide some new insights when designing the aluminum surface with anti-icing properties in some special applications.展开更多
Second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)light triggered in-situ tumor vaccination(ISTV)represents one of the most promising strategies in boosting the whole-body antitumor immunity.While most of previously developed nano-adjuvant...Second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)light triggered in-situ tumor vaccination(ISTV)represents one of the most promising strategies in boosting the whole-body antitumor immunity.While most of previously developed nano-adjuvants for NIR-Ⅱ-triggered ISTV are“all-in-one”formulations,which may indiscriminately damage both the tumor cells and the immune cells,limiting the overall effect of immune response.To overcome this obstacle,we designed a“cocktail”nano-adjuvant by physically mixing hyaluronidases(HAase)-decorated gold nanostars(HA)for NIR-Ⅱlight triggered in situ production of tumor-associated antigens and CpG functionalized gold nanospheres(CA)for immune cells activation.Compared to“all-in-one”formulation,the“cocktail”nano-adjuvants displayed a significantly stronger immune response on NIR-Ⅱlight induced dendritic cells(DCs)mutation and T cells differentiation,greater effect on tumor-growth inhibition,and higher efficacy in inhibition of pulmonary metastases.What is more,increasing the molar ratio of HA to CA led to an enhanced anticancer immune responses.This study highlight the nano-adjuvant formulation effects on the treatment of tumors with multiple targets.展开更多
Background and Aims:Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(HSOS)is a life-threatening syndrome,and a cause is exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloid(PA)-containing products.It is well-established that retrorsine(RTS),a r...Background and Aims:Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(HSOS)is a life-threatening syndrome,and a cause is exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloid(PA)-containing products.It is well-established that retrorsine(RTS),a rep-resentative Pas,insults hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and ensues congestion of hepatic sinusoids.However,little known about the impact of Pas on gut microbiota and intesti-nal barrier and inflammation in HSOS.Methods:Mice were gavaged with or without nonabsorbable antibiotics(ABX),followed by a single dose of RTS.The gut microbiota was examined by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results:ABX pretreat-ment significantly reversed RTS-induced liver damage.RTS altered gut microbiota composition,increasing Gram-nega-tive bacteria and resulting in a sharp elevation of circulating lipopolysaccharides(LPS)in HSOS mice.Gut decontamina-tion with ABX alleviated RTS-induced intestine inflamma-tion,protected against disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and gut vascular barrier(GVB),and suppressed he-patic LPS-NF-κB pathway activation in RTS-induced HSOS.Importantly,the LPS level was positively correlated with MELD score in patients with HSOS.Elevated LPS in patients with HSOS confirmed that Gram-negative bacteria were in-volved in the pathogenesis of HSOS.Conclusions:RTS,a PA,cooperated with gut dysbiosis to cause intestinal inflam-mation and gut barrier compromise that increased transport of gut-derived LPS into the liver through the portal vein,which contributed to the pathology of HSOS.Modulating the gut microbiota,protecting the intestinal barrier,and sup-pressing intestinal inflammation with prebiotics or antibiot-ics might be a useful pharmacologic intervention in HSOS.展开更多
Herpes zoster(HZ)is a painful condition resulting from reactivation of dormant varicella-zoster virus(VZV)in a previously VZV-infected person[1].Typical clinical manifestation of HZ are unilateral radicular pain and a...Herpes zoster(HZ)is a painful condition resulting from reactivation of dormant varicella-zoster virus(VZV)in a previously VZV-infected person[1].Typical clinical manifestation of HZ are unilateral radicular pain and a vesicular rash limited to one side of the body in the distribution of a nerve[2].The most common complication of HZ postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).展开更多
In May 2018,the second phase of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP II)was officially approved by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,in view of the significant scientific achievements of the first phase o...In May 2018,the second phase of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP II)was officially approved by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,in view of the significant scientific achievements of the first phase of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP I)which includes 4 space science missions:the Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),ShiJian-10(SJ-10),Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS)and Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT).Aiming to address fundamental scientific questions,SPP II focuses on two major themes:How the universe and life originate and evolve and What is the relationship between the solar system and human beings.In areas that Chinese scientists have advantages,new space science missions including Graviational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM),the Advanced space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S),the Einstein Probe(EP),and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)have been approved in the framework of SPP II.This paper presents the research highlights of the SPP I,introduces the recent progress of SPP II,and puts forward the prospects for future development.展开更多
The spread of rumors and diseases threatens the development of society,it is of great practical significance to locate propagation source quickly and accurately when rumors or epidemic outbreaks occur.However,the topo...The spread of rumors and diseases threatens the development of society,it is of great practical significance to locate propagation source quickly and accurately when rumors or epidemic outbreaks occur.However,the topological structure of online social network changes with time,which makes it very difficult to locate the propagation source.There are few studies focus on propagation source identification in dynamic networks.However,it is usually necessary to know the propagation model in advance.In this paper the label propagation algorithm is proposed to locate propagation source in temporal network.Then the propagation source was identified by hierarchical processing of dynamic networks and label propagation backwards without any underlying information dissemination model.Different propagation models were applied for comparative experiments on static and dynamic networks.Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm on temporal networks.展开更多
文摘三萜类化合物是一类富含多种异戊二烯单元的天然产物,其具有抗炎、抗氧化等生物活性,并在缓解肠道炎症方面具有潜在的治疗效果。首先,三萜类化合物可通过抑制炎性介质(白细胞介素、前列腺素、肿瘤坏死因子)及其相关信号通路来减少炎性因子的分泌,起到抗肠道炎症的作用;其次,三萜类化合物通过改善活性氧的产生,平衡氧化还原系统,降低氧化应激损伤,达到抗炎的作用;再次,三萜类化合物也能通过调节NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体、多条信号通路(NF-κB/MAPK/Nrf2信号通路)来改善免疫球蛋白和补体水平含量达到免疫平衡作用;第四,三萜类化合物还可通过促进紧密连接蛋白表达,修复损伤的肠道黏膜上皮,提高肠道屏障功能,减少刺激性物质的渗透来抑制肠道炎症;另外,三萜类化合物与肠道菌群间具有紧密联系,能维持肠道微生物稳定,保持肠道上皮屏障的完整性,减少肠道炎症的发生。综上,三萜类化合物通过调控炎症、氧化应激、免疫平衡、黏膜屏障、肠道微生物5个途径,发挥对肠道炎症的保护作用。目前对于三萜类化合物的研究还存在一些限制和挑战,本综述为进一步探索、开发和利用三萜类化合物提供了重要参考,为其在肠道炎症治疗领域的应用提供了新的思路。
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801058)the Special Program for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development by the Central Government of Hubei Province(No.2019ZYYD006)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2018CFB759)。
文摘The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt% sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte at the constant current of 4 mA for 3 h.And then they were modified with octadecanoic acid (C18),polyethylene (PE),polystyrene (PS),polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA),respectively,whose surface free energies were 27.6,31.0,33.0,61.6 and 70.0 mN/m,respectively.The contact angles (CA) were 154.6°,128.4°,127.6°,5.0° and 0.0°,respectively,and the ice adhesion pressures were 15.9,36.3,55.9,155.3 and 216.1 kPa,respectively.The ice adhesion strengths decrease along with the increasing anti-wetting property of aluminum surfaces and the decreasing of the surface energy of modifiers.These provide some new insights when designing the aluminum surface with anti-icing properties in some special applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273163)the Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.JCYJ20190807163003704)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials(No.PML2201)。
文摘Second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)light triggered in-situ tumor vaccination(ISTV)represents one of the most promising strategies in boosting the whole-body antitumor immunity.While most of previously developed nano-adjuvants for NIR-Ⅱ-triggered ISTV are“all-in-one”formulations,which may indiscriminately damage both the tumor cells and the immune cells,limiting the overall effect of immune response.To overcome this obstacle,we designed a“cocktail”nano-adjuvant by physically mixing hyaluronidases(HAase)-decorated gold nanostars(HA)for NIR-Ⅱlight triggered in situ production of tumor-associated antigens and CpG functionalized gold nanospheres(CA)for immune cells activation.Compared to“all-in-one”formulation,the“cocktail”nano-adjuvants displayed a significantly stronger immune response on NIR-Ⅱlight induced dendritic cells(DCs)mutation and T cells differentiation,greater effect on tumor-growth inhibition,and higher efficacy in inhibition of pulmonary metastases.What is more,increasing the molar ratio of HA to CA led to an enhanced anticancer immune responses.This study highlight the nano-adjuvant formulation effects on the treatment of tumors with multiple targets.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974078,81570530,81370550 to LY,No.8190034336 to WW)Natural Science Founda-tion of Hubei Province(No.2019ACA133 to LY)。
文摘Background and Aims:Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(HSOS)is a life-threatening syndrome,and a cause is exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloid(PA)-containing products.It is well-established that retrorsine(RTS),a rep-resentative Pas,insults hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and ensues congestion of hepatic sinusoids.However,little known about the impact of Pas on gut microbiota and intesti-nal barrier and inflammation in HSOS.Methods:Mice were gavaged with or without nonabsorbable antibiotics(ABX),followed by a single dose of RTS.The gut microbiota was examined by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results:ABX pretreat-ment significantly reversed RTS-induced liver damage.RTS altered gut microbiota composition,increasing Gram-nega-tive bacteria and resulting in a sharp elevation of circulating lipopolysaccharides(LPS)in HSOS mice.Gut decontamina-tion with ABX alleviated RTS-induced intestine inflamma-tion,protected against disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and gut vascular barrier(GVB),and suppressed he-patic LPS-NF-κB pathway activation in RTS-induced HSOS.Importantly,the LPS level was positively correlated with MELD score in patients with HSOS.Elevated LPS in patients with HSOS confirmed that Gram-negative bacteria were in-volved in the pathogenesis of HSOS.Conclusions:RTS,a PA,cooperated with gut dysbiosis to cause intestinal inflam-mation and gut barrier compromise that increased transport of gut-derived LPS into the liver through the portal vein,which contributed to the pathology of HSOS.Modulating the gut microbiota,protecting the intestinal barrier,and sup-pressing intestinal inflammation with prebiotics or antibiot-ics might be a useful pharmacologic intervention in HSOS.
基金supported by the Operation of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanism of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(10239322002001,0000017)Research on Vaccine Evaluation Strategy and capacity Building Project(09207).
文摘Herpes zoster(HZ)is a painful condition resulting from reactivation of dormant varicella-zoster virus(VZV)in a previously VZV-infected person[1].Typical clinical manifestation of HZ are unilateral radicular pain and a vesicular rash limited to one side of the body in the distribution of a nerve[2].The most common complication of HZ postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA15000000)。
文摘In May 2018,the second phase of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP II)was officially approved by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,in view of the significant scientific achievements of the first phase of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP I)which includes 4 space science missions:the Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),ShiJian-10(SJ-10),Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS)and Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT).Aiming to address fundamental scientific questions,SPP II focuses on two major themes:How the universe and life originate and evolve and What is the relationship between the solar system and human beings.In areas that Chinese scientists have advantages,new space science missions including Graviational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM),the Advanced space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S),the Einstein Probe(EP),and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)have been approved in the framework of SPP II.This paper presents the research highlights of the SPP I,introduces the recent progress of SPP II,and puts forward the prospects for future development.
文摘The spread of rumors and diseases threatens the development of society,it is of great practical significance to locate propagation source quickly and accurately when rumors or epidemic outbreaks occur.However,the topological structure of online social network changes with time,which makes it very difficult to locate the propagation source.There are few studies focus on propagation source identification in dynamic networks.However,it is usually necessary to know the propagation model in advance.In this paper the label propagation algorithm is proposed to locate propagation source in temporal network.Then the propagation source was identified by hierarchical processing of dynamic networks and label propagation backwards without any underlying information dissemination model.Different propagation models were applied for comparative experiments on static and dynamic networks.Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm on temporal networks.
