Aiming at the actual demands of petroleum exploration and development,this paper describes the research progress and application of artificial intelligence(AI)in petroleum exploration and development,and discusses the...Aiming at the actual demands of petroleum exploration and development,this paper describes the research progress and application of artificial intelligence(AI)in petroleum exploration and development,and discusses the applications and development directions of AI in the future.Machine learning has been preliminarily applied in lithology identification,logging curve reconstruction,reservoir parameter estimation,and other logging processing and interpretation,exhibiting great potential.Computer vision is effective in picking of seismic first breaks,fault identification,and other seismic processing and interpretation.Deep learning and optimization technology have been applied to reservoir engineering,and realized the real-time optimization of waterflooding development and prediction of oil and gas production.The application of data mining in drilling,completion,and surface facility engineering etc.has resulted in intelligent equipment and integrated software.The potential development directions of artificial intelligence in petroleum exploration and development are intelligent production equipment,automatic processing and interpretation,and professional software platform.The highlights of development will be digital basins,fast intelligent imaging logging tools,intelligent seismic nodal acquisition systems,intelligent rotary-steering drilling,intelligent fracturing technology and equipment,real-time monitoring and control of zonal injection and production.展开更多
Background T cell factor 4 (TCF 4) plays an important role in development and carcinogenesis Recently, the role of TCF 4 has been described in colon cancer and other cancers However, whether TCF 4 plays a similar role...Background T cell factor 4 (TCF 4) plays an important role in development and carcinogenesis Recently, the role of TCF 4 has been described in colon cancer and other cancers However, whether TCF 4 plays a similar role in lung cancer is unknown To answer this question, we studied the expression of TCF 4 protein and mRNA in nonsmallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the relation of TCF 4 expression pattern to histological type and cell differentiation Methods Tissue samples from sixty cases of pathologically diagnosed NSCLC and eight normal tissue samples were obtained between September 2001 and March 2003 Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the distribution of TCF 4 protein The staining patterns of the tumors were divided into 4 categories: nuclear staining alone or nuclear staining greater than cytoplasmic staining; cytoplasmic staining or cytoplasmic staining greater than nuclear staining; equal nuclear and cytoplasmic staining; no nuclear staining or cytoplasmic staining The integrated optical density (OD) values of all sections were analyzed by UIC MetaMorph image analysis software The expression of TCF 4 mRNA was detected by onestep reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) The integrated density values of the PCR products were analyzed semiquantitatively Results Immunohistochemistry showed that there was no expression of TCF 4 in normal tissue However, TCF 4 was expressed in 86.7% (52/60) of NSCLC samples, mainly in the nuclei of tumor cells Furthermore, there was a significant difference in TCF 4 localization patterns between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas (P<005) The integrated OD values of TCF 4 expression was significantly higher in tumors with moderatepoor cell differentiation than in well differentiated tumors (5163±667 vs 4613±1231, P<001) There was no TCF 4 mRNA expression in normal tissue However, 63.9% (23/36) of carcinoma samples expressed TCF 4 mRNA TCF 4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumors with moderatepoor cell differentiation than in well differen展开更多
The upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan occurs mainly in the zone of persistent cloud and has a discontinuous,island-like,distribution.It is diverse,rich in endemic species,and likely to be sensitive...The upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan occurs mainly in the zone of persistent cloud and has a discontinuous,island-like,distribution.It is diverse,rich in endemic species,and likely to be sensitive to climate change.Six 1-ha sampling plots were established across the main distribution area of the upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan.All trees with d.b.h.>1 cm in each plot were identified.Patterns of seed plant distributions were quantified at the specific,generic and family levels.The forests are dominated by the families Fagaceae,Lauraceae,Theaceae and Magnoliaceae,but are very diverse with only a few species shared between sites.Floristic similarities at the family and generic level were high,but they were low at the specific level,with species complementarity between plots.Diversity varied greatly among sites,with greater species richness and more rare species in western Yunnan than central Yunnan.The flora is dominated by tropical biogeographical elements,mainly the pantropic and the tropical Asian distributions at the family and genus levels.In contrast,at the species level,the flora is dominated by the southwest or the southeast China distributions,including Yunnan endemics.This suggests that the flora of the upper montane forest in Yunnan could have a tropical floristic origin,and has adapted to cooler temperatures with the uplift of the Himalayas.Due to great sensitivity to climate,high endemism and species complementarity,as well as the discontinuous,island-like,distribution patterns of the upper montane forest in Yunnan,the regional conservation of the forest is especially needed.展开更多
The shales in the 2nd Member of Shanxi formation in the east margin of the Ordos Basin were deposited in a marine-nonmarine transitional environment during the Permian.Based on the recent breakthroughs in the shale ga...The shales in the 2nd Member of Shanxi formation in the east margin of the Ordos Basin were deposited in a marine-nonmarine transitional environment during the Permian.Based on the recent breakthroughs in the shale gas exploration and theoretical understandings on the shale gas of the study area,with a comparison to marine shale gas in the Sichuan Basin and marine-nonmarine transitional shale gas in the U.S.,this study presents the geological characteristics and development potential of marine-nonmarine transitional gas in the study area.Four geological features are identified in the 2nd Member of the Shanxi Formation in the study area has:(1)stable sedimentary environment is conductive to deposition of widely distributed organic shale;(2)well-developed micro-and nanoscale pore and fracture systems,providing good storage capacity;(3)high content of brittle minerals such as quartz,leading to effectively reservoir fracturing;and(4)moderate reservoir pressure and relatively high gas content,allowing efficient development of shale gas.The 2nd Member of Shanxi Formation in the east margin of Ordos Basin is rich in shale gas resource.Three favorable zones,Yulin-Linxian,Shiloubei-Daning-Jixian,and Hancheng-Huangling are developed,with a total area of 1.28×104 km2 and resources between 1.8×1012 and 2.9×1012m3,indicating a huge exploration potential.Tests of the 2nd Member of Shanxi Formation in vertical wells show that the favorable intervals have stable gas production and high reserves controlled by single well,good recoverability and fracability.This shale interval has sufficient energy,stable production capacity,and good development prospects,as evidenced by systematic well testing.The east margin of the Ordos Basin has several shale intervals in the Shanxi and Taiyuan formations,and several coal seams interbedded,so collaborative production of different types of natural gas in different intervals can be considered.The study results can provide reference for shale gas exploration and development and promote the rap展开更多
In this paper, we demonstrated trace of dye molecules in living plants. The NaGdF4:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+) nanoparticles probe was used to detect the rhodamine B(RhB) in bean sprout. It is found that the fluorescencedye can b...In this paper, we demonstrated trace of dye molecules in living plants. The NaGdF4:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+) nanoparticles probe was used to detect the rhodamine B(RhB) in bean sprout. It is found that the fluorescencedye can be efficiently imbibed during the growing process and the absorbance presented a position dependence effect, which was supported by the upconversion spectra and the fluorescent image characterization. In addition, the concentration of the residual RhB in bean sprout can be efficiently traced by the synthesized probe based on the fluorescent resonant energy transfer. Finally, the relation between the excitation power, concentration and the ratio of yellow to green emission are discussed in detail. These results can be helpful in understanding the RhB dye molecules absorbance process in vegetable growth and provide an efficient way to trace the residual dyes in vivo plant.展开更多
目的 探讨“医物技”多层次教学模式在肿瘤放射治疗学临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法 选取空军军医大学2018级五年制临床医学专业88名学员为研究对象,随机分为试验组(n=44)和对照组(n=44);以外科学中的肿瘤章节(立体定向放射外科)为临...目的 探讨“医物技”多层次教学模式在肿瘤放射治疗学临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法 选取空军军医大学2018级五年制临床医学专业88名学员为研究对象,随机分为试验组(n=44)和对照组(n=44);以外科学中的肿瘤章节(立体定向放射外科)为临床实习教学内容;试验组采用“医物技”多层次教学方式,对照组采用传统教学方式;采用实习结束后和结束3个月时的2次考试成绩和问卷调查进行结果评价。结果 试验组两次考核的成绩均好于对照组(实习结束时:76.91±4.62 vs. 67.80±7.76,P<0.001;实习结束后3个月:70.68±4.47 vs. 62.00±4.47,P<0.001)。问卷调查结果显示,试验组学员在学习兴趣、知识理解、能力提升和视野拓展等方面的评分均高于对照组(依次为7.50±0.88 vs. 5.66±1.14、7.61±0.72 vs. 5.77±1.16、7.07±0.10 vs. 5.43±0.76、6.02±0.95 vs. 4.52±0.88,均P<0.001)。结论 “医物技”多层次教学模式应用于肿瘤放射治疗学临床实习教学能提高学员学习的积极性、知识掌握的全面性和准确性,以及长期记忆的牢固性。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72088101)。
文摘Aiming at the actual demands of petroleum exploration and development,this paper describes the research progress and application of artificial intelligence(AI)in petroleum exploration and development,and discusses the applications and development directions of AI in the future.Machine learning has been preliminarily applied in lithology identification,logging curve reconstruction,reservoir parameter estimation,and other logging processing and interpretation,exhibiting great potential.Computer vision is effective in picking of seismic first breaks,fault identification,and other seismic processing and interpretation.Deep learning and optimization technology have been applied to reservoir engineering,and realized the real-time optimization of waterflooding development and prediction of oil and gas production.The application of data mining in drilling,completion,and surface facility engineering etc.has resulted in intelligent equipment and integrated software.The potential development directions of artificial intelligence in petroleum exploration and development are intelligent production equipment,automatic processing and interpretation,and professional software platform.The highlights of development will be digital basins,fast intelligent imaging logging tools,intelligent seismic nodal acquisition systems,intelligent rotary-steering drilling,intelligent fracturing technology and equipment,real-time monitoring and control of zonal injection and production.
文摘Background T cell factor 4 (TCF 4) plays an important role in development and carcinogenesis Recently, the role of TCF 4 has been described in colon cancer and other cancers However, whether TCF 4 plays a similar role in lung cancer is unknown To answer this question, we studied the expression of TCF 4 protein and mRNA in nonsmallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the relation of TCF 4 expression pattern to histological type and cell differentiation Methods Tissue samples from sixty cases of pathologically diagnosed NSCLC and eight normal tissue samples were obtained between September 2001 and March 2003 Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the distribution of TCF 4 protein The staining patterns of the tumors were divided into 4 categories: nuclear staining alone or nuclear staining greater than cytoplasmic staining; cytoplasmic staining or cytoplasmic staining greater than nuclear staining; equal nuclear and cytoplasmic staining; no nuclear staining or cytoplasmic staining The integrated optical density (OD) values of all sections were analyzed by UIC MetaMorph image analysis software The expression of TCF 4 mRNA was detected by onestep reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) The integrated density values of the PCR products were analyzed semiquantitatively Results Immunohistochemistry showed that there was no expression of TCF 4 in normal tissue However, TCF 4 was expressed in 86.7% (52/60) of NSCLC samples, mainly in the nuclei of tumor cells Furthermore, there was a significant difference in TCF 4 localization patterns between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas (P<005) The integrated OD values of TCF 4 expression was significantly higher in tumors with moderatepoor cell differentiation than in well differentiated tumors (5163±667 vs 4613±1231, P<001) There was no TCF 4 mRNA expression in normal tissue However, 63.9% (23/36) of carcinoma samples expressed TCF 4 mRNA TCF 4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumors with moderatepoor cell differentiation than in well differen
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41471051,41071040,31170195
文摘The upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan occurs mainly in the zone of persistent cloud and has a discontinuous,island-like,distribution.It is diverse,rich in endemic species,and likely to be sensitive to climate change.Six 1-ha sampling plots were established across the main distribution area of the upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan.All trees with d.b.h.>1 cm in each plot were identified.Patterns of seed plant distributions were quantified at the specific,generic and family levels.The forests are dominated by the families Fagaceae,Lauraceae,Theaceae and Magnoliaceae,but are very diverse with only a few species shared between sites.Floristic similarities at the family and generic level were high,but they were low at the specific level,with species complementarity between plots.Diversity varied greatly among sites,with greater species richness and more rare species in western Yunnan than central Yunnan.The flora is dominated by tropical biogeographical elements,mainly the pantropic and the tropical Asian distributions at the family and genus levels.In contrast,at the species level,the flora is dominated by the southwest or the southeast China distributions,including Yunnan endemics.This suggests that the flora of the upper montane forest in Yunnan could have a tropical floristic origin,and has adapted to cooler temperatures with the uplift of the Himalayas.Due to great sensitivity to climate,high endemism and species complementarity,as well as the discontinuous,island-like,distribution patterns of the upper montane forest in Yunnan,the regional conservation of the forest is especially needed.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05035,2016ZX05041)
文摘The shales in the 2nd Member of Shanxi formation in the east margin of the Ordos Basin were deposited in a marine-nonmarine transitional environment during the Permian.Based on the recent breakthroughs in the shale gas exploration and theoretical understandings on the shale gas of the study area,with a comparison to marine shale gas in the Sichuan Basin and marine-nonmarine transitional shale gas in the U.S.,this study presents the geological characteristics and development potential of marine-nonmarine transitional gas in the study area.Four geological features are identified in the 2nd Member of the Shanxi Formation in the study area has:(1)stable sedimentary environment is conductive to deposition of widely distributed organic shale;(2)well-developed micro-and nanoscale pore and fracture systems,providing good storage capacity;(3)high content of brittle minerals such as quartz,leading to effectively reservoir fracturing;and(4)moderate reservoir pressure and relatively high gas content,allowing efficient development of shale gas.The 2nd Member of Shanxi Formation in the east margin of Ordos Basin is rich in shale gas resource.Three favorable zones,Yulin-Linxian,Shiloubei-Daning-Jixian,and Hancheng-Huangling are developed,with a total area of 1.28×104 km2 and resources between 1.8×1012 and 2.9×1012m3,indicating a huge exploration potential.Tests of the 2nd Member of Shanxi Formation in vertical wells show that the favorable intervals have stable gas production and high reserves controlled by single well,good recoverability and fracability.This shale interval has sufficient energy,stable production capacity,and good development prospects,as evidenced by systematic well testing.The east margin of the Ordos Basin has several shale intervals in the Shanxi and Taiyuan formations,and several coal seams interbedded,so collaborative production of different types of natural gas in different intervals can be considered.The study results can provide reference for shale gas exploration and development and promote the rap
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61675067,51675174,61575062,61474042)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(16C0627,17B090)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2016JJ2059,2018JJ3138)
文摘In this paper, we demonstrated trace of dye molecules in living plants. The NaGdF4:Yb^(3+),Er^(3+) nanoparticles probe was used to detect the rhodamine B(RhB) in bean sprout. It is found that the fluorescencedye can be efficiently imbibed during the growing process and the absorbance presented a position dependence effect, which was supported by the upconversion spectra and the fluorescent image characterization. In addition, the concentration of the residual RhB in bean sprout can be efficiently traced by the synthesized probe based on the fluorescent resonant energy transfer. Finally, the relation between the excitation power, concentration and the ratio of yellow to green emission are discussed in detail. These results can be helpful in understanding the RhB dye molecules absorbance process in vegetable growth and provide an efficient way to trace the residual dyes in vivo plant.
文摘目的 探讨“医物技”多层次教学模式在肿瘤放射治疗学临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法 选取空军军医大学2018级五年制临床医学专业88名学员为研究对象,随机分为试验组(n=44)和对照组(n=44);以外科学中的肿瘤章节(立体定向放射外科)为临床实习教学内容;试验组采用“医物技”多层次教学方式,对照组采用传统教学方式;采用实习结束后和结束3个月时的2次考试成绩和问卷调查进行结果评价。结果 试验组两次考核的成绩均好于对照组(实习结束时:76.91±4.62 vs. 67.80±7.76,P<0.001;实习结束后3个月:70.68±4.47 vs. 62.00±4.47,P<0.001)。问卷调查结果显示,试验组学员在学习兴趣、知识理解、能力提升和视野拓展等方面的评分均高于对照组(依次为7.50±0.88 vs. 5.66±1.14、7.61±0.72 vs. 5.77±1.16、7.07±0.10 vs. 5.43±0.76、6.02±0.95 vs. 4.52±0.88,均P<0.001)。结论 “医物技”多层次教学模式应用于肿瘤放射治疗学临床实习教学能提高学员学习的积极性、知识掌握的全面性和准确性,以及长期记忆的牢固性。
