Background: Stage at diagnosis and molecular subtype are important clinical factors associated with breast cancer patient survival. However, subgroup survival data from a large study sample are limited in China.To est...Background: Stage at diagnosis and molecular subtype are important clinical factors associated with breast cancer patient survival. However, subgroup survival data from a large study sample are limited in China.To estimate the survival differences among patients with different stages and various subtypes of breast cancer, we conducted a hospital-based multi-center study on breast cancer in Beijing, China.Methods: All resident patients diagnosed with primary, invasive breast cancer between January 1,2006 and December 31,2010 from four selected hospitals in Beijing were included and followed up until December 31,2015. Hospitalbased data of stage at diagnosis, hormone receptor status, and selected clinical characteristics, including body mass index(BMI), menopausal status, histological grade, and histological type, were collected from the medical records of the study subjects. Overall survival(OS) and cancer-specific survival(CSS) were estimated. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the associations of stage at diagnosis and molecular subtype with patient survival.Results: The 5-year OS and CSS rates for all patients were 89.4% and 90.3%. Survival varied by stage and molecular subtype. The 5-year OS rates for patients with stage I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and IV diseases were 96.5%, 91.6%, 74.8%, and 40.7%,respectively, and the corresponding estimates of 5-year CSS rates were 97.1%, 92.6%, 75.6%, and 42.7%, respectively.The 5-year OS rates for patients with luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple-negative subtypes of breast cancer were92.6%, 88.4%, 83.6%, and 82.9%, respectively, and the corresponding estimates of 5-year CSS rates were 93.2%, 89.1 %,85.4%, and 83.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that stage at diagnosis and molecular subtype were important prognostic factors for breast cancer.Conclusions: Survival of breast cancer patients varied significantly by stage and molecular subtype. Cancer screening is encouraged for the early detection and early diagnosis of breast cancer. More advanced 展开更多
: The plant phytohormone cytokinin plays an important role in many facets of plant growth and development by regulating cell division and differentiation. Recent studies have shed significant light into the mechanisms...: The plant phytohormone cytokinin plays an important role in many facets of plant growth and development by regulating cell division and differentiation. Recent studies have shed significant light into the mechanisms of cytokinin metabolism and signaling. However, little is known about how the hormone is transported in planta, although it has been proposed that the hormone is presumably transported in nucleoside-conjugated forms. Here, we report the identification and characterization of cytokinin transporters in Arabidopsis. We previously reported that a gain-of-function mutation in the PGA22/AtIPT8 gene caused overproduction of cytokinins in planta. In an effort to screen for suppressor of pga 22/atipt 8 (soi) mutants, we identified a mutant soi33-1. Molecular and genetic analyses indicated that SOI33 encodes a putative equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT), previously designated as AtENT8. Members of this small gene family are presumed to be involved in the transport of nucleosides in eukaryotic cells. Under conditions of nitrogen starvation, loss-of-function mutations in SOI33/AtENT8 or in a related gene AtENT3 cause a reduced sensitivity to the nucleoside-type cytokinins isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR) and transzeatin riboside (tZR), but display a normal response to the free base-type cytokinins isopentenyladenine (iP) and trans-zeatin (tZ). Conversely, overexpression of SOI33/AtENT8 renders transgenic plants hypersensitive to iPR but not to iP. An in planta measurement experiment indicated that uptake efficiency of 3H-labeled iPR was reduced more than 40% in soi33 and atent3 mutants. However, a mutation in AtENT1 had no substantial effect on the cytokinin response and iPR uptake efficiency. Our results suggest that SOI33/ AtENT8 and AtENT3 are involved in the transport of nucleoside-type cytokinins in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Electromagnetic(EM)absorption is paving the way to overcome the challenges related to conventional shielding strategy against EM pollution through sustainable energy dissipation.As characteristic functional media that...Electromagnetic(EM)absorption is paving the way to overcome the challenges related to conventional shielding strategy against EM pollution through sustainable energy dissipation.As characteristic functional media that can interact with electric or magnetic field branch,EM wave absorption materials(EWAMs)have received extensive attention and realized considerable development in the past two decades,where carbon-based composites are always considered as promising candidates for high-performance EMAWs due to their synergetic loss mechanism as well as diversified composition and microstructure design.Recent progress indicates that there is more and more interest in the fabrication of carbon-based composites with unique core–shell configuration.On one hand,core–shell configuration usually ensures good chemical homogeneity of final products and provides some positive protections for the components with susceptibility to corrosion,on the other hand,it creates enough heterogeneous interfaces between different EM components,which may bring enhanced polarization effect and intensify the consumption of EM energy.In this review,we firstly introduce EM wave absorption theory,and then highlight the advances of core–shell engineering in carbonbased composites in terms of built-in carbon cores and built-out carbon shells.Moreover,we also show some special core–shell carbon-based composites,including carbon/carbon composites,assembled composites,and decorated composites.After analyzing EM absorption performance of some representative composites,we further propose some challenges and perspectives on the development of core–shell carbon-based composites.展开更多
Six plant growth regulators frequently used in fruit were detected using UPLC–MS/MS including chlormequat chloride, GA3, forchlorfenuron,paclobutrazol, thidiazuron and 2,4-D. A modified Qu ECh ERS method was used in ...Six plant growth regulators frequently used in fruit were detected using UPLC–MS/MS including chlormequat chloride, GA3, forchlorfenuron,paclobutrazol, thidiazuron and 2,4-D. A modified Qu ECh ERS method was used in pretreatment: each compound was extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid and cleaned with a mixture of ostade-cylsilane(ODS) and Mg SO_4. The detection was performed using electrospray ionization(ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM) and quantified using the external standard method. Results indicated that the calibration curves of six plant growth regulators were linear within the range of 1–100 μg·kg^(-1) with correlation coefficients over 0.999. The recovery at four spiked concentrations, 1, 20, 50, and 100 μg·kg^(-1), ranged from 60.77% to 119.43% and relative standard deviation(RSD) were between 0.18% and 32.94%. The limits of detection(LOD) and limits of quantitation(LOQ) were 0.01–0.14 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.02–0.46 μg·kg^(-1), respectively, for apples, 0.01–0.18 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.03–0.59 μg·kg^(-1) for grapes, 0.01–0.08 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.04–0.28 μg·kg^(-1) for kiwis, 0.003–0.110 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.01–0.38 μg·kg^(-1) for peaches, and 0.01–0.08 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.03–0.25 μg·kg^(-1) for oranges.展开更多
The exploration of aqueous flexible metal-air batteries with high energy density and durability has attracted many research efforts with the demand for portable and wearable electronic devices.Aqueous flexible metal-a...The exploration of aqueous flexible metal-air batteries with high energy density and durability has attracted many research efforts with the demand for portable and wearable electronic devices.Aqueous flexible metal-air batteries feature Earth-abundant materials,environmental friendliness,and operational safety.Each part of one metal-air battery can significantly affect the overall performance.This review starts with the fundamental working principles and the basic battery configurations and then highlights on the common issues and the recent advances in designing high-performance metal electrodes,solid-state electrolytes,and air electrodes.Bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with high activity and long-term stability for constructing efficient air electrodes in flexible metal-air batteries are summarized including metal-free carbon-based materials and nonprecious Co/Fe-based materials(alloys,metal oxides,metal sulfites,metal phosphates,metal nitrates,single-site metal-nitrogen-carbon materials,and composites).Finally,a perspective is provided on the existing challenges and possible future research directions in optimizing the performance and lifetime of the flexible aqueous solid-state metal-air batteries.展开更多
Microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)characterized by high absorption efficiency and good environmental tolerance are highly desirable in practical applications.Both silicon carbide and carbon are considered as stable M...Microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)characterized by high absorption efficiency and good environmental tolerance are highly desirable in practical applications.Both silicon carbide and carbon are considered as stable MAMs under some rigorous conditions,while their composites still fail to produce satisfactory microwave absorption performance regardless of the improvements as compared with the individuals.Herein,we have successfully implemented compositional and structural engineering to fabricate hollow Si C/C microspheres with controllable composition.The simultaneous modulation on dielectric properties and impedance matching can be easily achieved as the change in the composition of these composites.The formation of hollow structure not only favors lightweight feature,but also generates considerable contribution to microwave attenuation capacity.With the synergistic effect of composition and structure,the optimized SiC/C composite exhibits excellent performance,whose the strongest reflection loss intensity and broadest effective absorption reach-60.8 dB and 5.1 GHz,respectively,and its microwave absorption properties are actually superior to those of most SiC/C composites in previous studies.In addition,the stability tests of microwave absorption capacity after exposure to harsh conditions and Radar Cross Section simulation data demonstrate that hollow SiC/C microspheres from compositional and structural optimization have a bright prospect in practical applications.展开更多
Background:The impact of corticosteroids on humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)sur-vivors during the acute phase and subsequent 6-month period remains unknown.This study aimed to determine how the ...Background:The impact of corticosteroids on humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)sur-vivors during the acute phase and subsequent 6-month period remains unknown.This study aimed to determine how the use of corticosteroids influences the initiation and duration of humoral responses in COVID-19 survivors 6 months after infection onset.Methods:We used kinetic antibody data from the lopinavir-ritonavir trial conducted at Jin Yin-Tan Hospital in January 2020,which involved adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19(LOTUS,ChiCTR2000029308).Anti-body samples were collected from 192 patients during hospitalization,and kinetic antibodies were monitored at all available time points after recruitment.Additionally,plasma samples were collected from 101 COVID-19 survivors for comprehensive humoral immune measurement at the half-year follow-up visit.The main focus was comparing the humoral responses between patients treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy and the non-corticosteroid group.Results:From illness onset to day 30,the median antibody titre areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUCs)of nucleoprotein(N),spike protein(S),and receptor-binding domain(RBD)immunoglobulin G(IgG)were significantly lower in the corticosteroids group.The AUCs of N-,S-,and RBD-IgM as well as neutralizing antibodies(NAbs)were numerically lower in the corticosteroids group compared with the non-corticosteroid group.However,peak titres of N,S,RBD-IgM and-IgG and NAbs were not influenced by corticosteroids.During 6-month follow-up,we observed a delayed decline for most binding antibodies,except N-IgM(𝛽−0.05,95%CI[−0.10,0.00])in the corticosteroids group,though not reaching statistical significance.No significant difference was observed for NAbs.However,for the half-year seropositive rate,corticosteroids significantly accelerated the decay of IgA and IgM but made no difference to N-,S-,and RBD-IgG or NAbs.Additionally,corticosteroids group showed a trend towards delayed viral clearance compared with the n展开更多
Developing advanced oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with rapid mass/electron transport as well as conducting relevant kinetics investigations is essential for energy technologies,but both still face ong...Developing advanced oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with rapid mass/electron transport as well as conducting relevant kinetics investigations is essential for energy technologies,but both still face ongoing challenges.Herein,a facile approach was reported for achieving the highly dispersed Co nanoparticles anchored hierarchically porous N-doped carbon fibers(Co@N-HPCFs),which were assembled by core-shell MOFs-derived hollow polyhedrons.Notably,the unique one-dimensional(1D)carbon fibers with hierarchical porosity can effectively improve the exposure of active sites and facilitate the electron transfer and mass transfer,resulting in the enhanced reaction kinetics.As a result,the ORR performance of the optimal Co@N-HPCF catalysts remarkably outperforms that of commercial Pt/C in alkaline solution,reaching a limited diffusion current density(J)of 5.85 m A cm^(-2)and a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.831 V.Particularly,the prepared Co@N-HPCF catalysts can be used as an excellent air-cathode for liquid/solid-state Zn-air batteries,exhibiting great potentiality in portable/wearable energy devices.Furthermore,the reaction kinetic during ORR process is deeply explored by finite element simulation,so as to intuitively grasp the kinetic control region,diffusion control region,and mixing control region of the ORR process,and accurately obtain the relevant kinetic parameters.This work offers an effective strategy and a reliable theoretical basis for the engineering of first-class ORR electrocatalysts with fast electronic/mass transport.展开更多
The development of a facile method to construct a high-performance electrode is of paramount importance to the application of alkaline water electrolysis. Here, we report that the activity of nickel foam （NF） toward...The development of a facile method to construct a high-performance electrode is of paramount importance to the application of alkaline water electrolysis. Here, we report that the activity of nickel foam （NF） towards the oxygen evolution reaction （OER） can be enhanced remarkably through simple immersion in a ferric nitrate （Fe（NOs）s） solution at room temperature. During this immersion process, the oxidation of the NF surface by NOs- ions increases the near-surface concentrations of OH- and Ni2＋, which results in the in situ deposition of a highly active amorphous Ni-Fe hydroxide （a-NiFeOxHy） layer. Specifically the OER overpotential of the NF electrode decreases from 371 mV （bare NF） to 270 mV （@10 mA-cm-2 in 0.1 M KOH） after immersion in a 20 mM Fe（NOs）s solution for just I min. A longer immersion time results in further increased OER activity （196 mV@10 mA,cm-2 in 1 M KOH）. The overall water splitting properties of the a-NiFeOxHy@NF electrode were evaluated using a two-electrode configuration. It is worth noting that the current density can reach 25 mA.cm-2 in 6 M KOH at an applied voltage of 1.5 V at room temperature.展开更多
Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is a lethal X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene.This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is extensively expressed in muscle c...Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is a lethal X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene.This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is extensively expressed in muscle cells and that enables the strength,stability,and functionality of myofibers.Muscular dystrophy can be grouped into two different categories based on the mutational rate and clinical severity,Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)and Becker muscular dystrophy(BMD).DMD is the most common and the more severe type of dystrophy.DMD patients usually become wheelchair-bound by the age of 12 years and die in their late teens to early twenties.^(1)In contrast,BMD is relatively less severe and the patients can potentially have alonger lifeexpectancy.展开更多
Solid-state polymer electrolytes are an important factor in the deployment of highsafety and high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal batteries.Nevertheless,use of the traditional polyethylene oxide-based solid-s...Solid-state polymer electrolytes are an important factor in the deployment of highsafety and high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal batteries.Nevertheless,use of the traditional polyethylene oxide-based solid-state polymer electrolyte is limited due to its inherently low ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window.Herein,for the first time,we specifically designed a cyanoethyl cellulosein-deep eutectic solvent composite eutectogel as a promising candidate for hybrid solid-state polymer electrolytes.It is found that the proposed eutectogel electrolyte achieves high ionic conductivity(1.87×10^(−3) S cm^(−1) at 25℃),superior electrochemical stability(up to 4.8 V),and outstanding lithium plating/striping behavior(low overpotential of 0.04 V at 1mAcm^(−2) and 1mAh cm^(−2) over 300 h).With the eutectogel-based solid-state polymer electrolyte,a 4.45 V LiCoO_(2)/Li metal battery delivers prominent long-term lifespan(capacity retention of 85%after 200 cycles)and high average Coulombic efficiency(99.5%)under ambient conditions,significantly outperforming the traditional carbonate-based liquid electrolyte.Our work demonstrates a promising strategy for designing eutectogel-based solid-state polymer electrolytes to realize high-voltage and high-energy lithium metal batteries.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a host-associated Bacillus subtilis 1-C-7 as a probiotic for Chinese perch(Siniperca chuatsi).Four test diets were formulated to contain graded levels of B.su...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a host-associated Bacillus subtilis 1-C-7 as a probiotic for Chinese perch(Siniperca chuatsi).Four test diets were formulated to contain graded levels of B.subtilis 1-C-7 at 0(CY),0.85×10^(8)(Y1),0.95×10^(9)(Y2)and 0.91×10^(10)(Y3)CFU/kg diet.The test fish with initial weight 30.0±1.2 g were fed the 4 test diets with 3 replicates in an indoor water-flow aquaculture system with 12 net cages(40 fish/cage)for 10 wk.At the conclusion of the feeding trial,the probiotic effects of B.subtilis on Chinese perch were analyzed based on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,histologic morphology of liver and gut,gut microbiota and the resistance to Aero-monas hydrophila.The results showed that the percentage of weight gain had no significant change in the Y1 and Y2 groups(P>0.05)but decreased in the Y3 group compared to that in the CY group(P<0.05).The fish in the Y3 group displayed the highest activity of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)among these 4 groups(P<0.05).The fish in the CY group had the highest value of malondialdehyde in the liver(P<0.05)and showed severe nuclear migration and vacuolization of hepatocytes.The morphology indicated that all test fish had poor intestinal health.However,the fish in the Y1 group had a relatively normal intestinal histologic structure.The mid gut microbial diversity analysis showed that dietary B.subtilis supplementation increased the abundance of probiotics such as Tenericutes and Bacteroides,whereas it reduced the abundance of pernicious bacteria such as Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Thermophilia and Spirochaetes.The challenge test showed that dietary B.subtilis supplementation increased the resistance to A.hydrophila in Chinese perch.In conclusion,dietary supplementation of 0.85×10^(8)CFU/kg B.subtilis 1-C-7 could improve the intestinal microbiota,intestinal health and disease resistance in Chinese perch,but more or excessive supple-mentation could reduce growth performance 展开更多
It is a considerably promising strategy to produce fuels and high-value chemicals through an electrochemical conversion process in the green and sustainable energy systems.Catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions,incl...It is a considerably promising strategy to produce fuels and high-value chemicals through an electrochemical conversion process in the green and sustainable energy systems.Catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions,including hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),play a significant role in the advanced energy conversion technologies,such as water splitting devices,fuel cells,and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Developing low-cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts is closely related to establishing the composition-structure-activity relationships and fundamental understanding of catalytic mechanisms.Density functional theory(DFT)is emerging as an important computational tool that can provide insights into the relationship between the electrochemical performances and physical/chemical properties of catalysts.This article presents a review on the progress of the DFT,and the computational simulations,within the framework of DFT,for the electrocatalytic processes,as well as the computational designs and virtual screenings of new electrocatalysts.Some useful descriptors and analysis tools for evaluating the electrocatalytic performances are highlighted,including formation energies,d-band model,scaling relation,egorbital occupation,and free energies of adsorption.Furthermore,the remaining questions and perspectives for the development of DFT for electrocatalysis are also proposed.展开更多
Ruthenium(Ru)has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to substitute Pt for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),owing to its inherent high activity and being the cheapest platinum-gr...Ruthenium(Ru)has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to substitute Pt for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),owing to its inherent high activity and being the cheapest platinum-group metal.Herein,based on the idea of strong metal–support interaction(SMSI)regulation,Ru/TiN catalysts with different degrees of TiN overlayer over Ru nanoparticles were fabricated,which were applied to the alkaline electrolytic water.Characterizations reveal that the TiN overlayer would gradually encapsulate the Ru nanoparticles and induce more electron transfer from Ru nanoparticles to TiN support by the Ru–N–Ti bond as the SMSI degree increased.Further study shows that the exposed Ru–TiN interfaces greatly promote the H_(2) desorption capacity.Thus,the Ru/TiN-300 with a moderate SMSI degree exhibits excellent HER performance,with an overpotential of 38 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2).Also,due to the encapsulation role of TiN overlayer on Ru nanoparticles,it displays super long-term stability with a very slight potential change after 24 h.This study provides a deep insight into the influence of the SMSI effect between Ru and TiN on HER and offers a novel approach for preparing efficient and stable HER electrocatalysts through SMSI engineering.展开更多
Background:High body mass index(BMI)results in decreased fecundity,and women with high BMI have reduced rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth in in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)....Background:High body mass index(BMI)results in decreased fecundity,and women with high BMI have reduced rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth in in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI).Meanwhile,ovarian responses show great heterogeneity in patients with a high BMI.This study aimed to analyze the effects of a high BMI on IVF/ICSI outcomes in the Chinese female with normal ovarian response.Methods:We performed a retrospective cohort study comprising 15,124 patients from the medical record system of the Reproductive Center of Peking University Third Hospital,with 3530(23.3%)in the overweight group and 1380(9.1%)in the obese group,who had a normal ovarian response(5-15 oocytes retrieved)and underwent fresh embryo transfer(ET)cycles from January 2017 to December 2018,followed by linked frozen-thawed embryo transfer(FET)cycles from January 2017 to December 2020.Cumulative live birth rate(CLBR)was used as the primary outcome.Furthermore,a generalized additive model was applied to visually illustrate the curvilinear relationship between BMI and the outcomes.We used a decision tree to identify the specific population where high BMI had the greatest effect on IVF/ICSI outcomes.Results:High BMI was associated with poor IVF/ICSI outcomes,both in cumulative cycles and in separate fresh ET or FET cycles.In cumulative cycles,compared with the normal weight group,obesity was correlated with a lower positive pregnancy test rate(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]:0.809,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.682-0.960),lower clinical pregnancy rate(aOR:0.766,95%CI:0.646-0.907),lower live birth rate(aOR:0.706,95%CI:0.595-0.838),higher cesarean section rate(aOR:2.066,95%CI:1.533-2.785),and higher rate of large for gestational age(aOR:2.273,95%CI:1.547-3.341).In the generalized additive model,we found that CLBR declined with increasing BMI,with 24 kg/m^(2)as an inflection point.In the decision tree,BMI only made a difference in the population aged≤34.5 years,with anti-Mullerian hormone>1.395 ng/mL,and the first time for展开更多
The power conversion efficiency for single-junction solar cells is limited by the Shockley-Quiesser limit.An effective approach to realize high efficiency is to develop multi-junction cells.These years have witnessed ...The power conversion efficiency for single-junction solar cells is limited by the Shockley-Quiesser limit.An effective approach to realize high efficiency is to develop multi-junction cells.These years have witnessed the rapid development of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells.The excellent optoelectronic properties and tunable bandgaps of perovskite materials make them potential candidates for developing tandem solar cells,by combining with silicon,Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)and organic solar cells.In this review,we present the recent progress of perovskite-based tandem solar cells,including perovskite/silicon,perovskite/perovskite,perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2),and perovskite/organic cells.Finally,the challenges and opportunities for perovskite-based tandem solar cells are discussed.展开更多
To the Editor:Coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)has been increasingly,widely performed for diagnosing coronary artery,disease,lAnatomical diagnosis,that is,stenosis grading,is stillthe main diagnostic inde...To the Editor:Coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)has been increasingly,widely performed for diagnosing coronary artery,disease,lAnatomical diagnosis,that is,stenosis grading,is stillthe main diagnostic index provided'by most CCTA tests.Post-processing and interpretation of stenosis are 2 essential'steps that need to be performed bycardiovascular imaging professionals from scan completion to diagnosis conclusion,which is repetitive and time-consuming,taking an average of 30 minutes each case in China and becoming the bottleneck and gradually creating an imbalance between supply and demand.In ine with the rapid development of artificial intelligence(Al)technology in recent years,it has been expected to solve these specific problems.We developed an AI system for automating post-processing and diagnostic reporting of CCTA data using deep learning algorithms to establishanew1-clickworkflowforeverydayuse,namely,CCTA-AI(Figure 1).To further assess its capabilities,this study intends to answer 2 following questions:To what extent can it improve the efficiency of post-processing?To what extent can CCTA-AI detect and calculate coronary artery stenosis due to each atherosclerotic plaque?展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7142139)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (No. 2016-12M-2-004)+1 种基金the PUMC Youth Fund/Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 3332016033)the National Key Research Program of China (No. 2016YFC1302502)
文摘Background: Stage at diagnosis and molecular subtype are important clinical factors associated with breast cancer patient survival. However, subgroup survival data from a large study sample are limited in China.To estimate the survival differences among patients with different stages and various subtypes of breast cancer, we conducted a hospital-based multi-center study on breast cancer in Beijing, China.Methods: All resident patients diagnosed with primary, invasive breast cancer between January 1,2006 and December 31,2010 from four selected hospitals in Beijing were included and followed up until December 31,2015. Hospitalbased data of stage at diagnosis, hormone receptor status, and selected clinical characteristics, including body mass index(BMI), menopausal status, histological grade, and histological type, were collected from the medical records of the study subjects. Overall survival(OS) and cancer-specific survival(CSS) were estimated. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the associations of stage at diagnosis and molecular subtype with patient survival.Results: The 5-year OS and CSS rates for all patients were 89.4% and 90.3%. Survival varied by stage and molecular subtype. The 5-year OS rates for patients with stage I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and IV diseases were 96.5%, 91.6%, 74.8%, and 40.7%,respectively, and the corresponding estimates of 5-year CSS rates were 97.1%, 92.6%, 75.6%, and 42.7%, respectively.The 5-year OS rates for patients with luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple-negative subtypes of breast cancer were92.6%, 88.4%, 83.6%, and 82.9%, respectively, and the corresponding estimates of 5-year CSS rates were 93.2%, 89.1 %,85.4%, and 83.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that stage at diagnosis and molecular subtype were important prognostic factors for breast cancer.Conclusions: Survival of breast cancer patients varied significantly by stage and molecular subtype. Cancer screening is encouraged for the early detection and early diagnosis of breast cancer. More advanced
基金国家自然科学基金，中国科学院知识创新工程项目，科技部资助项目，the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science，Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research on Functional Analysis of Genes Relevant to Agriculturally Important Traits in Rice Genome，中国科学院'百人计划'，国家自然科学基金
文摘: The plant phytohormone cytokinin plays an important role in many facets of plant growth and development by regulating cell division and differentiation. Recent studies have shed significant light into the mechanisms of cytokinin metabolism and signaling. However, little is known about how the hormone is transported in planta, although it has been proposed that the hormone is presumably transported in nucleoside-conjugated forms. Here, we report the identification and characterization of cytokinin transporters in Arabidopsis. We previously reported that a gain-of-function mutation in the PGA22/AtIPT8 gene caused overproduction of cytokinins in planta. In an effort to screen for suppressor of pga 22/atipt 8 (soi) mutants, we identified a mutant soi33-1. Molecular and genetic analyses indicated that SOI33 encodes a putative equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT), previously designated as AtENT8. Members of this small gene family are presumed to be involved in the transport of nucleosides in eukaryotic cells. Under conditions of nitrogen starvation, loss-of-function mutations in SOI33/AtENT8 or in a related gene AtENT3 cause a reduced sensitivity to the nucleoside-type cytokinins isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR) and transzeatin riboside (tZR), but display a normal response to the free base-type cytokinins isopentenyladenine (iP) and trans-zeatin (tZ). Conversely, overexpression of SOI33/AtENT8 renders transgenic plants hypersensitive to iPR but not to iP. An in planta measurement experiment indicated that uptake efficiency of 3H-labeled iPR was reduced more than 40% in soi33 and atent3 mutants. However, a mutation in AtENT1 had no substantial effect on the cytokinin response and iPR uptake efficiency. Our results suggest that SOI33/ AtENT8 and AtENT3 are involved in the transport of nucleoside-type cytokinins in Arabidopsis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21676065).
文摘Electromagnetic(EM)absorption is paving the way to overcome the challenges related to conventional shielding strategy against EM pollution through sustainable energy dissipation.As characteristic functional media that can interact with electric or magnetic field branch,EM wave absorption materials(EWAMs)have received extensive attention and realized considerable development in the past two decades,where carbon-based composites are always considered as promising candidates for high-performance EMAWs due to their synergetic loss mechanism as well as diversified composition and microstructure design.Recent progress indicates that there is more and more interest in the fabrication of carbon-based composites with unique core–shell configuration.On one hand,core–shell configuration usually ensures good chemical homogeneity of final products and provides some positive protections for the components with susceptibility to corrosion,on the other hand,it creates enough heterogeneous interfaces between different EM components,which may bring enhanced polarization effect and intensify the consumption of EM energy.In this review,we firstly introduce EM wave absorption theory,and then highlight the advances of core–shell engineering in carbonbased composites in terms of built-in carbon cores and built-out carbon shells.Moreover,we also show some special core–shell carbon-based composites,including carbon/carbon composites,assembled composites,and decorated composites.After analyzing EM absorption performance of some representative composites,we further propose some challenges and perspectives on the development of core–shell carbon-based composites.
基金supported by the National Program for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of China(GJFP2015002,GJFP2016003)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘Six plant growth regulators frequently used in fruit were detected using UPLC–MS/MS including chlormequat chloride, GA3, forchlorfenuron,paclobutrazol, thidiazuron and 2,4-D. A modified Qu ECh ERS method was used in pretreatment: each compound was extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid and cleaned with a mixture of ostade-cylsilane(ODS) and Mg SO_4. The detection was performed using electrospray ionization(ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM) and quantified using the external standard method. Results indicated that the calibration curves of six plant growth regulators were linear within the range of 1–100 μg·kg^(-1) with correlation coefficients over 0.999. The recovery at four spiked concentrations, 1, 20, 50, and 100 μg·kg^(-1), ranged from 60.77% to 119.43% and relative standard deviation(RSD) were between 0.18% and 32.94%. The limits of detection(LOD) and limits of quantitation(LOQ) were 0.01–0.14 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.02–0.46 μg·kg^(-1), respectively, for apples, 0.01–0.18 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.03–0.59 μg·kg^(-1) for grapes, 0.01–0.08 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.04–0.28 μg·kg^(-1) for kiwis, 0.003–0.110 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.01–0.38 μg·kg^(-1) for peaches, and 0.01–0.08 μg·kg^(-1) and 0.03–0.25 μg·kg^(-1) for oranges.
基金Australian Research Council,Grant/Award Numbers:DP190101008,FT190100058。
文摘The exploration of aqueous flexible metal-air batteries with high energy density and durability has attracted many research efforts with the demand for portable and wearable electronic devices.Aqueous flexible metal-air batteries feature Earth-abundant materials,environmental friendliness,and operational safety.Each part of one metal-air battery can significantly affect the overall performance.This review starts with the fundamental working principles and the basic battery configurations and then highlights on the common issues and the recent advances in designing high-performance metal electrodes,solid-state electrolytes,and air electrodes.Bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with high activity and long-term stability for constructing efficient air electrodes in flexible metal-air batteries are summarized including metal-free carbon-based materials and nonprecious Co/Fe-based materials(alloys,metal oxides,metal sulfites,metal phosphates,metal nitrates,single-site metal-nitrogen-carbon materials,and composites).Finally,a perspective is provided on the existing challenges and possible future research directions in optimizing the performance and lifetime of the flexible aqueous solid-state metal-air batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21676065 and No.52373262)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021MD703944,2022T150782).
文摘Microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)characterized by high absorption efficiency and good environmental tolerance are highly desirable in practical applications.Both silicon carbide and carbon are considered as stable MAMs under some rigorous conditions,while their composites still fail to produce satisfactory microwave absorption performance regardless of the improvements as compared with the individuals.Herein,we have successfully implemented compositional and structural engineering to fabricate hollow Si C/C microspheres with controllable composition.The simultaneous modulation on dielectric properties and impedance matching can be easily achieved as the change in the composition of these composites.The formation of hollow structure not only favors lightweight feature,but also generates considerable contribution to microwave attenuation capacity.With the synergistic effect of composition and structure,the optimized SiC/C composite exhibits excellent performance,whose the strongest reflection loss intensity and broadest effective absorption reach-60.8 dB and 5.1 GHz,respectively,and its microwave absorption properties are actually superior to those of most SiC/C composites in previous studies.In addition,the stability tests of microwave absorption capacity after exposure to harsh conditions and Radar Cross Section simulation data demonstrate that hollow SiC/C microspheres from compositional and structural optimization have a bright prospect in practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82200009)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC0864700)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81930063)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS No.2021-I2M-1-048).
文摘Background:The impact of corticosteroids on humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)sur-vivors during the acute phase and subsequent 6-month period remains unknown.This study aimed to determine how the use of corticosteroids influences the initiation and duration of humoral responses in COVID-19 survivors 6 months after infection onset.Methods:We used kinetic antibody data from the lopinavir-ritonavir trial conducted at Jin Yin-Tan Hospital in January 2020,which involved adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19(LOTUS,ChiCTR2000029308).Anti-body samples were collected from 192 patients during hospitalization,and kinetic antibodies were monitored at all available time points after recruitment.Additionally,plasma samples were collected from 101 COVID-19 survivors for comprehensive humoral immune measurement at the half-year follow-up visit.The main focus was comparing the humoral responses between patients treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy and the non-corticosteroid group.Results:From illness onset to day 30,the median antibody titre areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUCs)of nucleoprotein(N),spike protein(S),and receptor-binding domain(RBD)immunoglobulin G(IgG)were significantly lower in the corticosteroids group.The AUCs of N-,S-,and RBD-IgM as well as neutralizing antibodies(NAbs)were numerically lower in the corticosteroids group compared with the non-corticosteroid group.However,peak titres of N,S,RBD-IgM and-IgG and NAbs were not influenced by corticosteroids.During 6-month follow-up,we observed a delayed decline for most binding antibodies,except N-IgM(𝛽−0.05,95%CI[−0.10,0.00])in the corticosteroids group,though not reaching statistical significance.No significant difference was observed for NAbs.However,for the half-year seropositive rate,corticosteroids significantly accelerated the decay of IgA and IgM but made no difference to N-,S-,and RBD-IgG or NAbs.Additionally,corticosteroids group showed a trend towards delayed viral clearance compared with the n
基金The financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of China(21802079 and 22075159)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2018 M642605)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Provincial Education Department(2019KJC023)the Taishan Scholar Program for L.Zhang(202103058)are appreciated。
文摘Developing advanced oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with rapid mass/electron transport as well as conducting relevant kinetics investigations is essential for energy technologies,but both still face ongoing challenges.Herein,a facile approach was reported for achieving the highly dispersed Co nanoparticles anchored hierarchically porous N-doped carbon fibers(Co@N-HPCFs),which were assembled by core-shell MOFs-derived hollow polyhedrons.Notably,the unique one-dimensional(1D)carbon fibers with hierarchical porosity can effectively improve the exposure of active sites and facilitate the electron transfer and mass transfer,resulting in the enhanced reaction kinetics.As a result,the ORR performance of the optimal Co@N-HPCF catalysts remarkably outperforms that of commercial Pt/C in alkaline solution,reaching a limited diffusion current density(J)of 5.85 m A cm^(-2)and a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.831 V.Particularly,the prepared Co@N-HPCF catalysts can be used as an excellent air-cathode for liquid/solid-state Zn-air batteries,exhibiting great potentiality in portable/wearable energy devices.Furthermore,the reaction kinetic during ORR process is deeply explored by finite element simulation,so as to intuitively grasp the kinetic control region,diffusion control region,and mixing control region of the ORR process,and accurately obtain the relevant kinetic parameters.This work offers an effective strategy and a reliable theoretical basis for the engineering of first-class ORR electrocatalysts with fast electronic/mass transport.
文摘The development of a facile method to construct a high-performance electrode is of paramount importance to the application of alkaline water electrolysis. Here, we report that the activity of nickel foam （NF） towards the oxygen evolution reaction （OER） can be enhanced remarkably through simple immersion in a ferric nitrate （Fe（NOs）s） solution at room temperature. During this immersion process, the oxidation of the NF surface by NOs- ions increases the near-surface concentrations of OH- and Ni2＋, which results in the in situ deposition of a highly active amorphous Ni-Fe hydroxide （a-NiFeOxHy） layer. Specifically the OER overpotential of the NF electrode decreases from 371 mV （bare NF） to 270 mV （@10 mA-cm-2 in 0.1 M KOH） after immersion in a 20 mM Fe（NOs）s solution for just I min. A longer immersion time results in further increased OER activity （196 mV@10 mA,cm-2 in 1 M KOH）. The overall water splitting properties of the a-NiFeOxHy@NF electrode were evaluated using a two-electrode configuration. It is worth noting that the current density can reach 25 mA.cm-2 in 6 M KOH at an applied voltage of 1.5 V at room temperature.
基金funded by the Science Health Joint Medical Scientific Research Project of Chongqing,China(No.2019GDRC016)the Medical Research Foundation of Chongqing General Hospital(Chongqing,China)(No.Y2019MSXM02).
文摘Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is a lethal X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene.This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is extensively expressed in muscle cells and that enables the strength,stability,and functionality of myofibers.Muscular dystrophy can be grouped into two different categories based on the mutational rate and clinical severity,Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)and Becker muscular dystrophy(BMD).DMD is the most common and the more severe type of dystrophy.DMD patients usually become wheelchair-bound by the age of 12 years and die in their late teens to early twenties.^(1)In contrast,BMD is relatively less severe and the patients can potentially have alonger lifeexpectancy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52073298,U1706229,52072195)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA21070304)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2020217).
文摘Solid-state polymer electrolytes are an important factor in the deployment of highsafety and high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal batteries.Nevertheless,use of the traditional polyethylene oxide-based solid-state polymer electrolyte is limited due to its inherently low ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window.Herein,for the first time,we specifically designed a cyanoethyl cellulosein-deep eutectic solvent composite eutectogel as a promising candidate for hybrid solid-state polymer electrolytes.It is found that the proposed eutectogel electrolyte achieves high ionic conductivity(1.87×10^(−3) S cm^(−1) at 25℃),superior electrochemical stability(up to 4.8 V),and outstanding lithium plating/striping behavior(low overpotential of 0.04 V at 1mAcm^(−2) and 1mAh cm^(−2) over 300 h).With the eutectogel-based solid-state polymer electrolyte,a 4.45 V LiCoO_(2)/Li metal battery delivers prominent long-term lifespan(capacity retention of 85%after 200 cycles)and high average Coulombic efficiency(99.5%)under ambient conditions,significantly outperforming the traditional carbonate-based liquid electrolyte.Our work demonstrates a promising strategy for designing eutectogel-based solid-state polymer electrolytes to realize high-voltage and high-energy lithium metal batteries.
基金supported by the Fund of Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Aquafeed and Culture Environment Control(FACE20200004)and China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46).
文摘The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a host-associated Bacillus subtilis 1-C-7 as a probiotic for Chinese perch(Siniperca chuatsi).Four test diets were formulated to contain graded levels of B.subtilis 1-C-7 at 0(CY),0.85×10^(8)(Y1),0.95×10^(9)(Y2)and 0.91×10^(10)(Y3)CFU/kg diet.The test fish with initial weight 30.0±1.2 g were fed the 4 test diets with 3 replicates in an indoor water-flow aquaculture system with 12 net cages(40 fish/cage)for 10 wk.At the conclusion of the feeding trial,the probiotic effects of B.subtilis on Chinese perch were analyzed based on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,histologic morphology of liver and gut,gut microbiota and the resistance to Aero-monas hydrophila.The results showed that the percentage of weight gain had no significant change in the Y1 and Y2 groups(P>0.05)but decreased in the Y3 group compared to that in the CY group(P<0.05).The fish in the Y3 group displayed the highest activity of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)among these 4 groups(P<0.05).The fish in the CY group had the highest value of malondialdehyde in the liver(P<0.05)and showed severe nuclear migration and vacuolization of hepatocytes.The morphology indicated that all test fish had poor intestinal health.However,the fish in the Y1 group had a relatively normal intestinal histologic structure.The mid gut microbial diversity analysis showed that dietary B.subtilis supplementation increased the abundance of probiotics such as Tenericutes and Bacteroides,whereas it reduced the abundance of pernicious bacteria such as Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Thermophilia and Spirochaetes.The challenge test showed that dietary B.subtilis supplementation increased the resistance to A.hydrophila in Chinese perch.In conclusion,dietary supplementation of 0.85×10^(8)CFU/kg B.subtilis 1-C-7 could improve the intestinal microbiota,intestinal health and disease resistance in Chinese perch,but more or excessive supple-mentation could reduce growth performance
基金Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(XHT2020-003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2020Ⅲ029,2020IVA100)。
文摘It is a considerably promising strategy to produce fuels and high-value chemicals through an electrochemical conversion process in the green and sustainable energy systems.Catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions,including hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),play a significant role in the advanced energy conversion technologies,such as water splitting devices,fuel cells,and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Developing low-cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts is closely related to establishing the composition-structure-activity relationships and fundamental understanding of catalytic mechanisms.Density functional theory(DFT)is emerging as an important computational tool that can provide insights into the relationship between the electrochemical performances and physical/chemical properties of catalysts.This article presents a review on the progress of the DFT,and the computational simulations,within the framework of DFT,for the electrocatalytic processes,as well as the computational designs and virtual screenings of new electrocatalysts.Some useful descriptors and analysis tools for evaluating the electrocatalytic performances are highlighted,including formation energies,d-band model,scaling relation,egorbital occupation,and free energies of adsorption.Furthermore,the remaining questions and perspectives for the development of DFT for electrocatalysis are also proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22075159,22002066)Shandong Taishan Scholars Project(Grant Nos.ts20190932,tsqn202103058)+1 种基金Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials(Grant No.202203404)Postdoctoral Applied Research Project in Qingdao,and the Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Provincial Education Department(Grant No.2019KJC023).
文摘Ruthenium(Ru)has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to substitute Pt for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),owing to its inherent high activity and being the cheapest platinum-group metal.Herein,based on the idea of strong metal–support interaction(SMSI)regulation,Ru/TiN catalysts with different degrees of TiN overlayer over Ru nanoparticles were fabricated,which were applied to the alkaline electrolytic water.Characterizations reveal that the TiN overlayer would gradually encapsulate the Ru nanoparticles and induce more electron transfer from Ru nanoparticles to TiN support by the Ru–N–Ti bond as the SMSI degree increased.Further study shows that the exposed Ru–TiN interfaces greatly promote the H_(2) desorption capacity.Thus,the Ru/TiN-300 with a moderate SMSI degree exhibits excellent HER performance,with an overpotential of 38 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2).Also,due to the encapsulation role of TiN overlayer on Ru nanoparticles,it displays super long-term stability with a very slight potential change after 24 h.This study provides a deep insight into the influence of the SMSI effect between Ru and TiN on HER and offers a novel approach for preparing efficient and stable HER electrocatalysts through SMSI engineering.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2700601)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81925013)
文摘Background:High body mass index(BMI)results in decreased fecundity,and women with high BMI have reduced rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth in in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI).Meanwhile,ovarian responses show great heterogeneity in patients with a high BMI.This study aimed to analyze the effects of a high BMI on IVF/ICSI outcomes in the Chinese female with normal ovarian response.Methods:We performed a retrospective cohort study comprising 15,124 patients from the medical record system of the Reproductive Center of Peking University Third Hospital,with 3530(23.3%)in the overweight group and 1380(9.1%)in the obese group,who had a normal ovarian response(5-15 oocytes retrieved)and underwent fresh embryo transfer(ET)cycles from January 2017 to December 2018,followed by linked frozen-thawed embryo transfer(FET)cycles from January 2017 to December 2020.Cumulative live birth rate(CLBR)was used as the primary outcome.Furthermore,a generalized additive model was applied to visually illustrate the curvilinear relationship between BMI and the outcomes.We used a decision tree to identify the specific population where high BMI had the greatest effect on IVF/ICSI outcomes.Results:High BMI was associated with poor IVF/ICSI outcomes,both in cumulative cycles and in separate fresh ET or FET cycles.In cumulative cycles,compared with the normal weight group,obesity was correlated with a lower positive pregnancy test rate(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]:0.809,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.682-0.960),lower clinical pregnancy rate(aOR:0.766,95%CI:0.646-0.907),lower live birth rate(aOR:0.706,95%CI:0.595-0.838),higher cesarean section rate(aOR:2.066,95%CI:1.533-2.785),and higher rate of large for gestational age(aOR:2.273,95%CI:1.547-3.341).In the generalized additive model,we found that CLBR declined with increasing BMI,with 24 kg/m^(2)as an inflection point.In the decision tree,BMI only made a difference in the population aged≤34.5 years,with anti-Mullerian hormone>1.395 ng/mL,and the first time for
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773045,21772030,51922032,and 21961160720)for financial support。
文摘The power conversion efficiency for single-junction solar cells is limited by the Shockley-Quiesser limit.An effective approach to realize high efficiency is to develop multi-junction cells.These years have witnessed the rapid development of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells.The excellent optoelectronic properties and tunable bandgaps of perovskite materials make them potential candidates for developing tandem solar cells,by combining with silicon,Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)and organic solar cells.In this review,we present the recent progress of perovskite-based tandem solar cells,including perovskite/silicon,perovskite/perovskite,perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2),and perovskite/organic cells.Finally,the challenges and opportunities for perovskite-based tandem solar cells are discussed.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE0107800)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z201100005620009)。
文摘To the Editor:Coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)has been increasingly,widely performed for diagnosing coronary artery,disease,lAnatomical diagnosis,that is,stenosis grading,is stillthe main diagnostic index provided'by most CCTA tests.Post-processing and interpretation of stenosis are 2 essential'steps that need to be performed bycardiovascular imaging professionals from scan completion to diagnosis conclusion,which is repetitive and time-consuming,taking an average of 30 minutes each case in China and becoming the bottleneck and gradually creating an imbalance between supply and demand.In ine with the rapid development of artificial intelligence(Al)technology in recent years,it has been expected to solve these specific problems.We developed an AI system for automating post-processing and diagnostic reporting of CCTA data using deep learning algorithms to establishanew1-clickworkflowforeverydayuse,namely,CCTA-AI(Figure 1).To further assess its capabilities,this study intends to answer 2 following questions:To what extent can it improve the efficiency of post-processing?To what extent can CCTA-AI detect and calculate coronary artery stenosis due to each atherosclerotic plaque?
