Background: Advances in organoid culture technology have provided a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, which has been rarely studied in sepsis before. We aim to establish a suitable organoids-based intesti...Background: Advances in organoid culture technology have provided a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, which has been rarely studied in sepsis before. We aim to establish a suitable organoids-based intestinal injury model for sepsis.Methods: Stable passaged organoids were constructed and pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic sepsis-induced intestinal injury. The LPS-induced sepsis model was used as a reference. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the RNA levels of inflammatory factors and antimicrobial peptides. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the protein levels, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathology of the small intestine of mice, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Perkin Elmer OperettaTM was used to obtain high-resolution images of three-dimensional organoids.Results: An LPS concentration >150 μg/mL after 24 h was identified to cause organoid growth restriction. The fluorescence intensity of zonula occludens-1 and occludins at LPS concentrations >100 μg/mL decreased significantly after 24 h. After LPS stimulation for 8 h, the RNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, and regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha, beta, and gamma increased. These results resembled those of intestinal epithelial layer alterations in a mouse sepsis model. For IL-10, the RNA expression level increased only when the LPS level >200 μg/mL for 24 h.Conclusions: This study provides the primary intestinalin vitro model to study the effects of LPS-induced intestinal injury resembling sepsis. This model provides a platform for immune associated mechanism exploration and effective drug screening.展开更多
Rare earth passivation was conducted on Zn coated NdFeB magnets by chemical reaction to enhance the corrosion resistance performance.Morphologies,micro structures and compositions of different passivated coatings were...Rare earth passivation was conducted on Zn coated NdFeB magnets by chemical reaction to enhance the corrosion resistance performance.Morphologies,micro structures and compositions of different passivated coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The corrosion behavior was evaluated by electrochemical measurement and neutral salt spray test.The results show that the rare earth passivation can enhance the corrosion resistance of Zn coated NdFeB magnets.When the concentration of cerium nitrate is 5 g/L,the passivated specimens can achieve the longest NSS time of 360 h,which is 144 h longer than that of the pristine Zn/NdFeB magnets.The passivation layer on the Zn coating surface contributes to the enhancement of the magnets’corrosion resistance.展开更多
Attacks by swarm of bees realize arrays of mass poisoning. We report the case of a 9 years old boy whoes severity was related to the large number of bees which was about 400 and their locations spread throughout the s...Attacks by swarm of bees realize arrays of mass poisoning. We report the case of a 9 years old boy whoes severity was related to the large number of bees which was about 400 and their locations spread throughout the skin surface with a preponderance to the cephalic end. Complications were hemolytic anemia, kidney failure and convulsions. The outcome was favorable with symptomatic care and hemodialysis.展开更多
Background: Gut-resident macrophages (gMacs) supplemented by monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation play a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in immun...Background: Gut-resident macrophages (gMacs) supplemented by monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation play a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in immune cell differentiation. We therefore set out to investigate the role of ATF4-regulated monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in sepsis-induced intestinal injury.Methods: Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice andAtf4-knockdown (Atf4+/-) mice by cecal ligation and puncture or administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Colon, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, sera, lung, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected for flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results: CD64, CD11b, Ly6C, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CX3CR1, Ly6G, and SSC were identified as optimal primary markers for detecting the process of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in the colon of WT mice. Monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation was impaired in the colon during sepsis and was associated with decreased expression of ATF4 in P1 (Ly6Chi monocytes), the precursor cells of gMacs.Atf4 knockdown exacerbated the impairment of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in response to LPS, resulting in a significant reduction of gMacs in the colon. Furthermore, compared with WT mice,Atf4+/- mice exhibited higher pathology scores, increased expression of inflammatory factor genes (TNF-α, IL-1β), suppressed expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial-cadherin in the colon, and increased translocation of intestinal bacteria to lymph nodes and lungs following exposure to LPS. However, the aggravation of sepsis-induced intestinal injury resulting fromAtf4 knockdown was not caused by the enhanced inflammatory effect of Ly6Chi monocytes and gMacs.Conclusion: ATF4, as a novel regulator of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation, plays a critical role in protecting mice against sepsis-ind展开更多
The concentration and chemical speciation of heavy metals including REEs (rare earth elements), Th (thorium) and U (uranium) in domestic sludge and electroplating sludge were investigated, and those of the domes...The concentration and chemical speciation of heavy metals including REEs (rare earth elements), Th (thorium) and U (uranium) in domestic sludge and electroplating sludge were investigated, and those of the domestic sludge were compared with those of natural soil. Removal of heavy metals in electroplating sludge was studied with bio-surfactants (saponin and sophorolipid) by batch and column experiments. The results suggested that heavy metals have greater concentrations and exist as more relatively unstable fraction in sludge than those in Natural soil. Nonionic saponin is more efficient than sophorolipid for the removal of heavy metals from the electroplating sludge, and mainly reacts with carbonate state (i.e., F3) and Fe-Mn oxide state (i.e., F5) fractions. The recovery efficiency of heavy metals in leachates from the electroplate sludge was attained 88%-97%. Saponin can be reused and be a promising and cost-effective material for the removal of heavy metals in sludge.展开更多
At the end of 2002, the former State Economic and Trade Commission issued the Regulations on Production Access of Motorcycles together with detailed rules for implementation. Motorcycle makers were supposed to reach t...At the end of 2002, the former State Economic and Trade Commission issued the Regulations on Production Access of Motorcycles together with detailed rules for implementation. Motorcycle makers were supposed to reach the Phase I demand of the Regulations by the end of 2003. The implementation of the document has had an enormous bearing on China’s motorcycle industry.展开更多
The public information signs( The term public information signs will be abbreviated to public signs in the following text.)in the urban areas not only offer convenience for people to move around, but also reflect the ...The public information signs( The term public information signs will be abbreviated to public signs in the following text.)in the urban areas not only offer convenience for people to move around, but also reflect the level of development and progress of those areas. It is essential to the creative development and uplifting of the New Costal Area (thereafter, NCA) to have a good understanding of its present situation with regard to its public signs, to discuss the related issues in the development, to work out a system that is up to international standard and develop its own standards in the course of implementing the national strategies on standardizing public signs.展开更多
A quality monitoring method by means of support vector machines (SVM) forrobotized gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is introduced. Through the feature extraction of the weldingprocess signal, a SVM classifier is construct...A quality monitoring method by means of support vector machines (SVM) forrobotized gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is introduced. Through the feature extraction of the weldingprocess signal, a SVM classifier is constructed to establish the relationship between the feature ofprocess parameters and the quality of weld penetration. Under the samples obtained from auto partswelding production line, the learning machine with a radial basis function kernel shows goodperformance. And this method can be feasible to identity defect online in welding production.展开更多
Slcllal is an integral membrane protein with 12 predicted transmembrane domams(TM). In the presentwork, the secondary structures and positioning of the peptides associated with SIclIaI-TM2, TM3 andTM4(wild-type pep...Slcllal is an integral membrane protein with 12 predicted transmembrane domams(TM). In the presentwork, the secondary structures and positioning of the peptides associated with SIclIaI-TM2, TM3 andTM4(wild-type peptides and fimctional mutants) in sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) were analyzed using circulardichroism(CD) and fluorescence techniques. The results indicate that TM3 is significantly different in secondarystructure and topology from TM2 and TM4 in SDS. The peptide TM3 is less structured and is embedded in the SDSless deeply than TM2 and TM4 at pH=4, 5.5 and 7. In addition, the position of TM3 is remarkably shifted towards thedirection of the SDS surface with increasing pH, whereas the locations of TM2 and TM4 in SDS are less affected bypH. The E 139A substitution in TM3 significantly impairs the pH dependence of the buried depth of TM3 and causes adecrease in helicity in SDS at the three pH values. The G169D mutation has little effect on the topological arrange-ment of TM4 in SDS. In contrast, TM2 and TM4 are topologically similar.展开更多
In the strapdown inertial navigation system, the Fiber Optical Gyro(FOG) must have high precision to give accurate navigation information. In this paper, a digital closed loop detection method based on the ramp wave m...In the strapdown inertial navigation system, the Fiber Optical Gyro(FOG) must have high precision to give accurate navigation information. In this paper, a digital closed loop detection method based on the ramp wave modulating technigue is introduced. DSP and FPGA have many advantages in digital signal proeessing. In the design, by using DSP, a complex arithmetic operation is completed to meet the needs of closed loop control of FOG within a short time. All kinds of control signals are produced easily by FPGA, under which DSP could work properly. Combining the DSP and FPGA,the detecting method is implemented successfully. In the end, the result of test and performance is given. From the result we can conclude that the precision of FOG is improved and the noises are limited to a low level.展开更多
Background:Novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an ongoing global pandemic with high mortality.Although several studies have reported different risk factors for mortality in patients based on traditional analyti...Background:Novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an ongoing global pandemic with high mortality.Although several studies have reported different risk factors for mortality in patients based on traditional analytics,few studies have used artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms.This study investigated prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients using AI methods.Methods:COVID-19 patients who were admitted in Wuhan Infectious Diseases Hospital from December 29,2019 to March 2,2020 were included.The whole cohort was randomly divided into training and testing sets at a 6:4 ratio.Demographic and clinical data were analyzed to identify predictors of mortality using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and LASSO-based artificial neural network(ANN)models.The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:A total of 1145 patients(610 male,53.3%)were included in the study.Of the 1145 patients,704 were assigned to the training set and 441 were assigned to the testing set.The median age of the patients was 57 years(range:47-66 years).Severity of illness,age,platelet count,leukocyte count,prealbumin,C-reactive protein(CRP),total bilirubin,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score,and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score were identified as independent prognostic factors for mortality.Incorporating these nine factors into the LASSO regression model yielded a correct classification rate of 0.98,with area under the ROC curve(AUC)values of 0.980 and 0.990 in the training and testing cohorts,respectively.Incorporating the same factors into the LASSO-based ANN model yielded a correct classification rate of 0.990,with an AUC of 0.980 in both the training and testing cohorts.Conclusions:Both the LASSO regression and LASSO-based ANN model accurately predicted the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19.Severity of illness,age,platelet count,leukocyte count,prealbumin,CRP,total bilirubin,APACHE II score,and展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81873944 and 81971869)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.20DZ2200500).
文摘Background: Advances in organoid culture technology have provided a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, which has been rarely studied in sepsis before. We aim to establish a suitable organoids-based intestinal injury model for sepsis.Methods: Stable passaged organoids were constructed and pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic sepsis-induced intestinal injury. The LPS-induced sepsis model was used as a reference. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the RNA levels of inflammatory factors and antimicrobial peptides. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the protein levels, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathology of the small intestine of mice, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Perkin Elmer OperettaTM was used to obtain high-resolution images of three-dimensional organoids.Results: An LPS concentration >150 μg/mL after 24 h was identified to cause organoid growth restriction. The fluorescence intensity of zonula occludens-1 and occludins at LPS concentrations >100 μg/mL decreased significantly after 24 h. After LPS stimulation for 8 h, the RNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, and regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha, beta, and gamma increased. These results resembled those of intestinal epithelial layer alterations in a mouse sepsis model. For IL-10, the RNA expression level increased only when the LPS level >200 μg/mL for 24 h.Conclusions: This study provides the primary intestinalin vitro model to study the effects of LPS-induced intestinal injury resembling sepsis. This model provides a platform for immune associated mechanism exploration and effective drug screening.
基金Project supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province(202004a05020048,202004a05020051)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cornell University(JZ2019HGBZ0142,PA2019GDPK0043,JZ2019YYPY0291,PA2020GDJQ0026)。
文摘Rare earth passivation was conducted on Zn coated NdFeB magnets by chemical reaction to enhance the corrosion resistance performance.Morphologies,micro structures and compositions of different passivated coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The corrosion behavior was evaluated by electrochemical measurement and neutral salt spray test.The results show that the rare earth passivation can enhance the corrosion resistance of Zn coated NdFeB magnets.When the concentration of cerium nitrate is 5 g/L,the passivated specimens can achieve the longest NSS time of 360 h,which is 144 h longer than that of the pristine Zn/NdFeB magnets.The passivation layer on the Zn coating surface contributes to the enhancement of the magnets’corrosion resistance.
文摘Attacks by swarm of bees realize arrays of mass poisoning. We report the case of a 9 years old boy whoes severity was related to the large number of bees which was about 400 and their locations spread throughout the skin surface with a preponderance to the cephalic end. Complications were hemolytic anemia, kidney failure and convulsions. The outcome was favorable with symptomatic care and hemodialysis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 82172152, 81873944, 82172154, 81971869, 82171729)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.19ZR1442500)Research Fund of Ruijin Hospital North Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.2020ZY11)
文摘Background: Gut-resident macrophages (gMacs) supplemented by monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation play a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in immune cell differentiation. We therefore set out to investigate the role of ATF4-regulated monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in sepsis-induced intestinal injury.Methods: Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice andAtf4-knockdown (Atf4+/-) mice by cecal ligation and puncture or administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Colon, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, sera, lung, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected for flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results: CD64, CD11b, Ly6C, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CX3CR1, Ly6G, and SSC were identified as optimal primary markers for detecting the process of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in the colon of WT mice. Monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation was impaired in the colon during sepsis and was associated with decreased expression of ATF4 in P1 (Ly6Chi monocytes), the precursor cells of gMacs.Atf4 knockdown exacerbated the impairment of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in response to LPS, resulting in a significant reduction of gMacs in the colon. Furthermore, compared with WT mice,Atf4+/- mice exhibited higher pathology scores, increased expression of inflammatory factor genes (TNF-α, IL-1β), suppressed expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial-cadherin in the colon, and increased translocation of intestinal bacteria to lymph nodes and lungs following exposure to LPS. However, the aggravation of sepsis-induced intestinal injury resulting fromAtf4 knockdown was not caused by the enhanced inflammatory effect of Ly6Chi monocytes and gMacs.Conclusion: ATF4, as a novel regulator of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation, plays a critical role in protecting mice against sepsis-ind
文摘The concentration and chemical speciation of heavy metals including REEs (rare earth elements), Th (thorium) and U (uranium) in domestic sludge and electroplating sludge were investigated, and those of the domestic sludge were compared with those of natural soil. Removal of heavy metals in electroplating sludge was studied with bio-surfactants (saponin and sophorolipid) by batch and column experiments. The results suggested that heavy metals have greater concentrations and exist as more relatively unstable fraction in sludge than those in Natural soil. Nonionic saponin is more efficient than sophorolipid for the removal of heavy metals from the electroplating sludge, and mainly reacts with carbonate state (i.e., F3) and Fe-Mn oxide state (i.e., F5) fractions. The recovery efficiency of heavy metals in leachates from the electroplate sludge was attained 88%-97%. Saponin can be reused and be a promising and cost-effective material for the removal of heavy metals in sludge.
文摘At the end of 2002, the former State Economic and Trade Commission issued the Regulations on Production Access of Motorcycles together with detailed rules for implementation. Motorcycle makers were supposed to reach the Phase I demand of the Regulations by the end of 2003. The implementation of the document has had an enormous bearing on China’s motorcycle industry.
文摘The public information signs( The term public information signs will be abbreviated to public signs in the following text.)in the urban areas not only offer convenience for people to move around, but also reflect the level of development and progress of those areas. It is essential to the creative development and uplifting of the New Costal Area (thereafter, NCA) to have a good understanding of its present situation with regard to its public signs, to discuss the related issues in the development, to work out a system that is up to international standard and develop its own standards in the course of implementing the national strategies on standardizing public signs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59785004)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (No.000376)
文摘A quality monitoring method by means of support vector machines (SVM) forrobotized gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is introduced. Through the feature extraction of the weldingprocess signal, a SVM classifier is constructed to establish the relationship between the feature ofprocess parameters and the quality of weld penetration. Under the samples obtained from auto partswelding production line, the learning machine with a radial basis function kernel shows goodperformance. And this method can be feasible to identity defect online in welding production.
文摘Slcllal is an integral membrane protein with 12 predicted transmembrane domams(TM). In the presentwork, the secondary structures and positioning of the peptides associated with SIclIaI-TM2, TM3 andTM4(wild-type peptides and fimctional mutants) in sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) were analyzed using circulardichroism(CD) and fluorescence techniques. The results indicate that TM3 is significantly different in secondarystructure and topology from TM2 and TM4 in SDS. The peptide TM3 is less structured and is embedded in the SDSless deeply than TM2 and TM4 at pH=4, 5.5 and 7. In addition, the position of TM3 is remarkably shifted towards thedirection of the SDS surface with increasing pH, whereas the locations of TM2 and TM4 in SDS are less affected bypH. The E 139A substitution in TM3 significantly impairs the pH dependence of the buried depth of TM3 and causes adecrease in helicity in SDS at the three pH values. The G169D mutation has little effect on the topological arrange-ment of TM4 in SDS. In contrast, TM2 and TM4 are topologically similar.
文摘In the strapdown inertial navigation system, the Fiber Optical Gyro(FOG) must have high precision to give accurate navigation information. In this paper, a digital closed loop detection method based on the ramp wave modulating technigue is introduced. DSP and FPGA have many advantages in digital signal proeessing. In the design, by using DSP, a complex arithmetic operation is completed to meet the needs of closed loop control of FOG within a short time. All kinds of control signals are produced easily by FPGA, under which DSP could work properly. Combining the DSP and FPGA,the detecting method is implemented successfully. In the end, the result of test and performance is given. From the result we can conclude that the precision of FOG is improved and the noises are limited to a low level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81,873,944 and 81,971,869)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.20DZ2200500).
文摘Background:Novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an ongoing global pandemic with high mortality.Although several studies have reported different risk factors for mortality in patients based on traditional analytics,few studies have used artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms.This study investigated prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients using AI methods.Methods:COVID-19 patients who were admitted in Wuhan Infectious Diseases Hospital from December 29,2019 to March 2,2020 were included.The whole cohort was randomly divided into training and testing sets at a 6:4 ratio.Demographic and clinical data were analyzed to identify predictors of mortality using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and LASSO-based artificial neural network(ANN)models.The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:A total of 1145 patients(610 male,53.3%)were included in the study.Of the 1145 patients,704 were assigned to the training set and 441 were assigned to the testing set.The median age of the patients was 57 years(range:47-66 years).Severity of illness,age,platelet count,leukocyte count,prealbumin,C-reactive protein(CRP),total bilirubin,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score,and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score were identified as independent prognostic factors for mortality.Incorporating these nine factors into the LASSO regression model yielded a correct classification rate of 0.98,with area under the ROC curve(AUC)values of 0.980 and 0.990 in the training and testing cohorts,respectively.Incorporating the same factors into the LASSO-based ANN model yielded a correct classification rate of 0.990,with an AUC of 0.980 in both the training and testing cohorts.Conclusions:Both the LASSO regression and LASSO-based ANN model accurately predicted the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19.Severity of illness,age,platelet count,leukocyte count,prealbumin,CRP,total bilirubin,APACHE II score,and